today’s materials
DESCRIPTION
Today’s Materials. Interactive Notebook ½ Sheet of loose-leaf paper (warm up/exit) Pen or Pencil Thinking brain ! Notebook set up is below Date Topic/Activity Page # 1 .31.14 Interactions in an Ecosystem 70 * then go to page 70 and title your page !*. Warm Up. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Today’s Materials• Interactive Notebook• ½ Sheet of loose-leaf paper (warm up/exit)• Pen or Pencil• Thinking brain!• Notebook set up is below
Date Topic/Activity Page #1.31.14 Interactions in an Ecosystem 70
*then go to page 70 and title your page!*
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Warm UpHow are changes in populations related to the availability of an ecosystem's resources?
A. Large populations need the same amount of resources as small populations.
B. Changes in population are independent of the availability of an ecosystem's resources.
C. As populations grow, ecosystems produce more resources in order to support the larger population.
D. Population sizes are limited by the amount of resources that are available.
Many people want to live in urban areas. One of the main factors that limits the number of people that can live in an area is
A. the amount of space that is available to build shelter.B. the amount of public transportation that is available.C. the location of schools, churches, and libraries.D. the number of people who don't want to live in an area
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Today’s Investigation
Topics we’ll Cover:
Interactions in an ecosystemActivities we’ll do:• Guided Notes• Video Case Studies (multiple)• Classification activity
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Let’s look at the big picture…
• Tell me what you remember about matter aka “stuff” and energy?– Hint: It can never be ______ or _____. Only
___________________________________.
Over a long period of time, matter is transferred between organisms as well as between organisms & their environment.
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Interactions• How doORGANISMS in anECOSYSTEM
interact?– ORGANISMS in an ecosystem interact with plants,
animals and theirENVIRONMENT.– INTERACTIONS can cause populations toINCREASE
or DECREASE.– INTERACTIONS can also cause theECOSYSTEM to
change.
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Stability• What is a stableECOSYSTEM?– A stableECOSYSTEM is one in which
thePOPULATION and resources change in aPREDICTABLE manner.
– In a stableECOSYSTEM, there is healthy balance betweenPREDATOR and PREY.
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Predation• What isPREDATION?– AnINTERACTION
species in whichPREDATORS eat PREY.
– This healthyRELATIONSHIP balances the populations within anECOSYSTEM.
– Example:lions eating gazelles in a grassland regulate the number ofgazelles in the
grassland.
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Impact of Predation• How does thePREDATOR/ prey
relationship affect POPULATION ?– If the number of prey in aPOPULATION
increases then the number ofPREDATORS will also increase.
– If the number ofPREDATORS decreases, then the number of prey willINCREASE.
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Competition• What
isCOMPETITION?– When species within
anECOSYSTEM compete for the sameRESOURCES.
– Organisms in anECOSYSTEM compete for:• FOOD• WATER• SPACE
– Example: In the ocean, dolphins, whales and large fish all compete for smaller fish.
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Symbiotic Relationships• Symbiosis =
__________________________– Sym = same time, together– Bio = life
• Co-exist: synonym or antonym?• Cooperate means __________________________________________________________
Living together in a close environment
To work together towards a common end goal or purpose (think group work)
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Attack of the Killer Fungi!• Cordyceps - Planet Earth • Make note:– Is an organism benefiting?– Is an organism being harmed?– Can you connect this type of
relationship to something you have already learned?
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The 3 symbiotic relationships
• A. Mutualism (+/+)– Both organisms benefit
• B. Parasitism(+/-)– 1 organsism benefits, another is harmed
• C. Commensalism(+/o)– 1 organism benefits, other is unaffected
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Let’s recall…
Mutualism ParasitismCommensalism
both organisms benefit
one organism benefits
one organism benefits
one organism is unaffected
one organism is
harmed
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MutualismBoth organisms benefit from interaction
Organism One Organism Two
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Anemone & Clown FishThis fish lives its entire
adult life among the tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Clown fish do
not get stung by the anemone as would most
other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food
scraps which the anemones can eat.
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CommensalismOne organism benefits, the other is not affected.
Organism One Organism Two
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The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t
have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills.
The shark doesn’t get anything.
Shark & Remora
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ParasitismOne organism benefits and the other organism (host) is
harmed
Organism One Organism Two
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Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm infects the
human blood stream and gets a nice warm safe
home there. The human may go blind or have
other complications as
a result.
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Cooperation
Working together so all organisms benefit
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Ants!
Despite having different jobs, all ants work together for the good of their colony.
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Competition
• Fighting for resources- food, water, shelter, mates
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Red Deer
During mating season, red deer males will get in many fights to be considered the best male for the females to mate.
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Predation
One animal hunts, the other is the food
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PredationThe killer whale
swims beneath the seals and then goes up towards the surface, scooping part of the seal in its mouth.
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What kind of interaction?
You will see real life examples of the interactions addressed in the powerpoint.
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Honey bees
Honey bees have specific roles to complete for the success of the colony.
What interaction is this?
cooperation
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Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a pair of
stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from
predators. The anemones get to move
around which increases their food
supply.
mutualism
What interaction is this?
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This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom.
The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and
the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind.
Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
commensalism
What interaction is this?
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The Purple Sea StarThe purple sea star consistently feeds on the barnacles that are the greatest number. They all feed on the same type of barnacles.
What interaction is this?
competition
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Cattle & Cattle Egrets
As these cattle walk around eating grass they
stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around
and get a yummy meal of insects.
What interaction is this?
commensalism
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Antelope & Ox Bird
This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid
of parasites.
What interaction is this? mutualism
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Dragonflies and mosquitoes
Dragonflies eat mosquito larvae and fully mature mosquitoes.
What interaction is this?
predation
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Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
What interaction is this?
mutualism
This alpheid shrimp (onthe right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the
sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed
goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the
burrow
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Exit Ticket 1. A tick has caused a dog to be diagnosed with Lyme disease. What type of relationship
would this suggest exists between the tick and the dog? a. mutualism b. parasitism c. commensalism d. adaptive
Read the following passage to answer the following 2 questions: The Green Algae grows on a Tree Sloth. The Green Algae protects and camouflages the Tree
Sloth like a suit of armor.
2. What is this symbiotic relationship? a. Mutualism b. Parasitism c. Commensalism d. Symbiosis 3. What would happen to the population of each species?
a. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth increasesb. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth stays the samec. Green Algae stays the same; Tree Sloth increasesd. Green Algae decreases; Tree Sloth decreases