Residential Metering Technologies

By: Ryan FieldsTAUD Technical ConferenceGatlinburg, TN March 2013

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Today’s Agenda:

• Why the need for Advancements?• Mechanical Meter Technologies

• Multi-jet• Positive Displacement

• Floating Ball Technology• 1-1/2 – 2 Omni R2

• Solid State Meter Technologies• Fluid Oscillator• Ultrasonic• Electromagnetic

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Why the Advancements? If mechanical measurement has served us

for so long, why make a change?– Water Loss = Revenue Loss– New material regulations / January 2014 Lead Free– Inherent low flow limitations with mechanical meters– Increase importance on leak detection– Increased need for system data– Improvements in measurement technology

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Multi-Jet

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Multi-jet Water Uniformly Spread Across Multiple

Inlet Ports Flows across an impeller Impeller velocity determines flow rate Register determines volume

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Multi-Jet• What is it?

• Velocity type meter where openings in the meter chamber direct the water flow across a multi-vaned rotor. The output speed of the rotor is proportional to the quantity of water passing through the measuring chamber.

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Multi-Jet• First designed and produced in Germany 1867

• Primarily used overseas however they have been available to the US Water industry since early 1960’s

• Fall under AWWA C708 specification

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•Brands• Precision PMM – discontinued March 31, 2012

• Precision PMX - discontinued• MasterMeter

Multi-Jet

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Multi-jet Advantages

– Great at passing foreign matter

– Low flow sensitivity (¼ GPM on 5/8x3/4)

– 97 – 103 accuracy range

– Relatively low head loss for mechanical meter (3.1 PSI at 10 GPM)

– Dry-top models registers could be accessed in-line (ex PMM)

– Available in a range of sizes (5/8 – 2”)

– Economically priced

Disadvantages– Potential jetting (finger over a garden hose / strainer)

– Horizontal / plumb installation required for accuracy

– Wet-top models had to be pulled for maintenance (ex PMX)

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Positive Displacement

–Two Types• Nutating Disc

• Neptune• Badger• Hersey

• Oscillating Piston• Sensus• Elster – No longer produced• Mastermeter

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Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc

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Positive Displacement / Nutating Disc

• What is it?

• Nutating disc meters have a round disc that is located inside a cylindrical chamber. The disc is mounted on a spindle.

• The disc nutates, or wobbles, as it passes a known volume of liquid through the cylindrical chamber.

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Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc

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Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc

• Characteristics• Originated in the mid 1800’s• Volumetric-type meter• Ball and Socket measuring element

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Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc

Advantages– More accurate at low flows than multi-jet (@98.5)

– Low friction loss (8.0 psi at 20 gpm)

– ¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4)

– Proven technology

Disadvantages– Less likely to effectively pass foreign material (as compared to Multijet)

– Can stop up with sand, grit, or other elements easily

– Single wear point on the ball

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Positive Displacement - Nutating Disc

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Positive Displacement - Nutating Disc

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Positive Displacement- Oscillating Piston

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Positive Displacement- Oscillating Piston

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Positive Displacement - Oscillating Piston

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Positive Displacement – Oscillating Piston

Characteristics• Volumetric-type meter• C700• Floating piston• ¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4)

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Positive Displacement – Oscillating Piston

Advantages– More accurate at low flows than Multi-jet (@98.5)

– Dual port design – floats piston

– Low friction loss (7.0 psi at 20 gpm / SRII)

– ¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4)

– Large surface area to reduce wear

– Proven technology

Disadvantages– Less likely to effectively pass foreign material (as compared to Multijet)

– Can stop up with sand, grit, or other elements easily

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Oscillating Piston

• Sensus SR• Sensus SRII• Sensus Accustream• MasterMeter MMPD• Elster/Amco C700 – No longer producing

mechanical meters

Sensus R2 Omni Floating Ball Technology

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Floating Ball Technology

R2 replaces the 1-1/2 and 2”

SR PD meter as well as the

1-1/2 and 2” PMM

Gives better low flow

sensitivity and higher top

end flow

Less cost than using Omni

Compound C2 or Omni T2

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Floating Ball Technology Characteristics of 2” R2 Omni Operating temperature range of 33°F (.56°C) – 150°F (65.6°C). Operating Range 100% ± 1.5% from 2.5 – 200 GPM (.56 – 45

m3/hr) Low Flow 95% – 101.5% @ 1.0 GPM (.23 m3/hr) Pressure Loss 7.0 psi @ 200 GPM (.48 bar @ 45 m3/hr) Maximum Operating Pressure - 200 PSI (13.8 bar) Flange Connections 2” U.S. ANSI B16.1 / AWWA Class 125 Register: Fully electronic sealed register with programmable

registration (Gal. /Cu.Ft./ Cu. Mtr. / Imp.Gal / Acre Ft.) Programmable AMR/AMI reading Guaranteed 10 year battery life

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Floating Ball Technology

Floating Ball Technology

Extended flow range

Improved accuracy

One measuring element

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Electronic Register

Three modes

AMR Output comes standard

Programmable features

LCD odometer

10 year battery life

More data for better decision making

AMR / AMI

Pulse

• Registration Units• AMR Output Resolution• Pulse Output Resolution• Register Display

31 Days

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Floating Ball – Register - AMR

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Floating Ball – Register - Total

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Floating Ball – Register - Test

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Floating Ball – Test Port

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Versatility

Standard laying lengths

Application flexibility Interchangeable

measuring chambers Built in strainer and

test plug

Drop-in chamber

Ease of maintenance

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Benefits…

Installation versatility

Extended flow ranges Excellent return on

investment

Information Driven Utilities

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Solid State Meter Technology

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Solid State Meter Technology 3 Different Types of Technology

– Fluidic Oscillator

– Residential Ultrasonic

– Residential Magnetic

CONFIDENTIAL

Solid State Meter Technology Fluidic Oscillator – Elster SM700

CONFIDENTIAL

Solid State Meter Technology How does a Fluidic Oscillator Water Meter

Work? A special design of water flow chamber creates a fluctuating pressure

sequence that causes the water flow to oscillate. The frequency of the oscillations is directly proportional to the velocity

(speed) of the water. Sensors in the flow chamber count the oscillations.

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Solid State – Fluidic Oscillator

Advantages– NSF61 Certified

– Battery life greater than 15 years

– Low head loss (11 psi at 15 gpm)

– Increased flow range of .10 – 20 gpm

Disadvantages– Relatively new meter

– Metallic electrodes can corrode

– Prone to recording electrical current at highest flow rate resulting in over- registration

– Not offered in a 1”

CONFIDENTIAL

Solid State Meter Technology Fluidic Oscillator Technology from Elster Metering –

SM700

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Solid State - Ultrasonic Residential Ultrasonic Technology from

Badger Meter – E Series

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Solid State - Ultrasonic Ultrasonic flow meters measure the

difference of the transit time of pulses between two transducers.

Ultrasonic signals sent in forward and reverse directions of flow

Velocity of water determined by difference in two signals

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Solid State – Ultrasonic

Advantages– NSF61 Certified / Annex G

– 9 digit LCD Display

– Flow range of .05 – 25 gpm

– Low head loss (2.3 psi at 15 gpm)

– 20 year battery

– 175 psi

Disadvantages– Relatively new meter

– Ultrasonic reflectors extend thru flow tube and are open to build-up

– Recommended installation is 5 (up) and 2 (down) for dampening effect

– Because ultrasonic signals are sent every second to monitor flow, pulsation caused by pumps or regulators could create measurement errors

– Accuracy can be affected by temperature, density, and viscosity of fluid being measured

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Solid State - Ultrasonic Typical Ultrasonic Meter Diagram

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Badger E-Series Side View

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Electromagnetic

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Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

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• Mag Meter: Faraday’s law• States that the velocity of the

fluid is directly proportional to an induced voltage as the fluid flows through a constant magnetic field. As the flow increases, so does the voltage, and in turn a greater volume of water is measured.

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Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

• Patented features to achieve superior low flow accuracy with high flow capability

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Electro-Magnetic – Iperl

• Advantages• No moving parts – 20 year accuracy

• Lowest head loss (2.0 psi at 15 gpm)

• Greatest Flow Range (.03 – 35 gpm on 5/8x3/4)

• 200 PSI (highest rated on the market)

• Temperature 33 F – 160 F

• Burst Pressure – 1650 psi (twice the psi as SRII PD meter)

• 20 year warranty on the battery

• Tamperproof

• Disadvantages• Cost

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Electro-Magnetic – Iperl Remanent Field Technology:

What and Why? Definition: “The magnetization left behind in a material

after the external magnetic field is removed” Remanent Operation Permits Continuous Measurement

Without Applying Power Continuously Major advantages

– Helps solve power demands of traditional mag technology– Contributes to better low flow accuracy– 20 year battery life

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• Flow Tube – Glass Infused Crystalline Resin• Rectangular cross section promotes best physics for measurement accuracy

• Does not promote scale formation

• Minimizes swirling and turbulence as water enters flow tube

• Increases water velocity which helps in detecting ultra low flows

• Can withstand high pressure (200 psi)

• Maintains dimensional stability in extreme temperatures (-30 F – 160 F)

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Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

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Solid State - Iperl

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9 digit field programmable display

Sealed, glass encapsulated electronic register

Built-in strainer

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Features

Sealed Electronic Register

Flowtube

Magnetic Flow

Sensors

Strainer

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Available for reporting: Can detect

– Reverse flow– Tamper– Empty pipe– Leak

Lifetime alarms– 6 month– 1 month

– Battery failure54

Condition monitoring alarms– High temperature– Low field– High current– Glide slope– ADC failure– Touchread failure– EMF range

Alarms to monitor the application as well as the health of the iPERL

Intelligent Alarms

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High Temperature  – Exposure to environmental temperature outside its design range (-

30°F to160°F) for more than 15 minutes Low Field

– Issue with the magnetics  High Current

– Magnetic drive coil consumes too much power Glide Slope

– Issue with the battery achieving full life of 20 years TouchRead Failure

– Failure of the touchcouple EMF Range

– Electrodes have been badly damaged

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Condition Monitoring Alarms

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Alarm History and Datalog All alarm conditions may be logged

– Records time of event

– Records complete state of device when event occurred Datalog

– Interval (configurable) data can be stored

• Peak flow in interval

• Volume in interval

– Capacity for ~5000 data points

• 49 days at 15 minute intervals

• 12 years at 24 hour intervals

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CONFIDENTIAL57

Head Loss Curve

Typical PD MeteriPERL

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• Sensus Video

• http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid808497992001?bckey=AQ~~,AAAAu-frDtE~,LkcoCtFGV5jS4A5r9w-AocR7zhpCG_4Z&bclid=0&bctid=812738342001

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Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

CONFIDENTIAL

Electronic Registers

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CONFIDENTIAL

Registers

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CONFIDENTIAL

Electronic Register Available on SRII and accuSTREAM meters

– All orders for encoded accuSTREAMs beginning February 2013– Option on SRII

» ICE-Opto registers will no longer be available after February 2014– Not tested with multi-read devices

Features– 9 digit display (9th digit is leak indicator)– Rate of flow– AMR/AMI capability (Register ID and AMR digits)– Plastic bonnet with removable register (tamper-resistant set-screw)– Register bonnet is rotatable up to 270°– 0.96” shorter than ICE-Opto register

Warranty– 20 year (10 full / 10 pro-rated)

CONFIDENTIAL

Conclusion Mechanical Meters Are Still a Viable Solution They Have Served Us Well for Over 100 Years New Technologies Available Today Offer

Compelling Financial and Ecological Benefits They Compliment AMI System Deployments but

Offer Many Benefits Independent of AMI Utilities Should Explore and Understand the

Potential of These Meter Technologies

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Residential Metering Technologies

Questions?

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For more information, please refer to the AWWA M6 Manual

or Contact Ryan Fields, CI Thornburg

(865) 360 - 0346(252) 902 - 5410

Ryan.Fields@CITHORNBURG.COM

Thank you!