tobacco: health effects, and socio-economic issues joy de beyer tobacco control coordinator world...

Tobacco: health effects,and socio-economic issuesJoy de BeyerTobacco Control CoordinatorWorld BankLecture at George Washington University, October 24, 2001

Diseases caused by tobacco useLung cancerCOPD (emphysema, bronchitis, etc)Stroke (bleeding in the brain)Heart attack and heart diseaseNarrowing and clogging of arteriesCancers of mouth, throat, larynx, esophagusOther cancers bladder, kidneys, pancreasPeptic ulcers (stomach bleeding)Respiratory infections and compromise (cough, wheezing etc)Gum disease and tooth lossLow birth weight and SIDSAsthmaEar infectionsCompromised sexual performanceGreater susceptibility to TB?

Why does tobacco kill?Burns at 1000o CCig smoke has > 4,000 chemicals, 43 known carcinogens/harmful substances (tar, cadmium, lead, cyanide, nitrogen oxides, benzo(a)pyrine, carbon monoxide, vinyl chloride, acetaldehyde. )Damages tissues throughout the body, clogs arteries, causes blood clots/bleeding

Are some cigarettes better?No such thing as a safe cigarette

light, low tar cigarettes are deceptive - Manipulation by maker- Compensation by smokers so actual yields not = FTC (machine) yield

Adult Per Capita Cigarette Consumption and MajorSmoking-and-Health Events -- United States, 1900-1998

Global Trends in tobacco use1.1 billion smokers, 80% in low- and middle income countries (1 in 3 adults)

1.6 billion by 2025

85% of all tobacco used is smoked (cigarettes, bidis, kreteks)

Smoking is increasing in the developing worldMale adult prevalence, 1995US 28 % (was 61% in 1939)East Asia 61 %Europe, Central Asia57 %Latin America, Caribb40 %South Asia41 % (cigs + bidis)Sub-Saharan Africa29 %

Burden of Tobacco Deaths Shifting World: Annual Tobacco deaths (in millions)

20002030

Developed 2 ~3Developing ~2 ~7World Total 4 ~10

1 in 2 long-term smokers killed by their addiction1/2 of deaths in middle age (35-69)

Tobacco deaths are on the increase in India

Smoking is more common among the less educated Smoking prevalence among men in Chennai, India, by education levels

Source: Gajalakshmi and others, background paper

Nicotine is highly addictiveNicotine --> release of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine

Neuro-adaptation

Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. < 7% stay smoke-free for a year; most start smoking again within days.

Helping smokers to quit Cessation TreatmentsCessation support from health professionals is key NRTs double the effectiveness of cessation effortsQuit lines, community support, etc., also work Governments may increase accessibility and affordability of NRTs by:OTC sales, allowing advertising, licensingConducting more studies on cost-effectiveness (especially in low/middle income countries)Considering NRT subsidies for poorest smokers

Unless current smokers quit, smoking deaths will rise dramatically over the next 50 yearsSource: Peto and others, 1994; Peto, personal communication.

Effective Interventions Information Health warnings on tobacco products Comprehensive bans on ALL advertising and promotion Smoking bans in public places (including work places) Cessation support

Comprehensive advertising bans reduce cigarette consumption Consumption trends in countries with such bans v. those with no bans(n=102 countries) Source: Saffer, background paper

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17151635

14701530

Comprehensive ban

No ban

Year

Cigarette consumption per capita

No Ban

Ban

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19811991

Comprehensive ban17151470

No ban16351530

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Comprehensive ban

No ban

Year

Cigarette consumption per capita

Ban

No Ban

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Taxation is the most effective measure Higher taxes induce quitting and prevent startingA 10% price increase reduces demand by:4% in high-income countries8% in low or middle-income countriesYoung people and the poor are the most price responsive

Price Elasticity EvidenceAs real price decreases, consumption increasesEvidence from South Africa

Source: Saloojee 1995

Cigarette consumption per adult (in packs)

Real Price

0.7

0.8

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Consumption per adult

Real Price

Year

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

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Evidence from the UK

Real Price and Consumption of Cigarettesin the UK, 1971-96

Source: Townsend J 1998, Central Statistical Office (UK) (1965-93)

Why do policy makers resist tax increases?Will higher tobacco taxes:Reduce revenues ? Tobacco is a good source of revenue. Revenues rise as a result of higher taxesCause job losses ?Farmers, tobacco industry workers, othersIncrease smuggling ?smuggling loses revenues, and is a crimeHurt poor smokers ?

Tobacco Taxes generate Revenues

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774.9133179852

911.1704527958

1015.0985874645

1188.1165300264

1427.348858241

1540.667089533

1587.2928663239

2373.4373883644

3414.3415651028

4082.9541913369

7244.5312449791

9971.0220535926

13114.8080593849

18061.17160575

Total Cigarette Tax

(Million US $)

Cigarette Tax Revenue in EU Countries, 1999

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HUNGARY19751980198519901991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Domestic Tobacco Consumption

Cigarettes (million sticks)28,63926,42425,74027,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70023,90020,000

Per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (15+)3,4643,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457

per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (all)2,7632,5622,5082,7202,8132,7462,1102,0932,3882,4232,039

Prevelence (% of adults)33%32%32%32%36%35%35%33%31%31%

Cigarette consumption per smoker 15+104969984972310486959095747447770294809560

Tobacco Prices

Average retail prices

- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)1.421.852.363.023.684.325.756.5010.7511.0011.25

y o y change (%)30%28%28%22%18%33%13%65%2%2%

Taxation on Tobacco

Stated Tax rates on Tobacco Products

VAT (as % of TIRSP, tax included retail selling price)20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%

Specific tax for cigarettes (HUF per 100 cigarettes)607792110121139160195230245

Ad Valerom tax rate50%50%50%50%65%75%75%75%75%75%

Tariff on imported cigarettes

Actual Average Tax Burden on Tobacco products

- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)

Actual Tax Rate as % of Retail price for Tobacco Products

- Cigarettes60.9%61.0%57.1%52.4%56.5%58.6%59.7%54.0%57.6%59.2%

Specific rate/pieceSpecific rate0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6

Ad valorem RSP/pieceAd valorem RSP0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9

VATVAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3

total tax/piecetotal tax/piece0.001.642.042.462.813.524.015.916.376.81

Excise tob. revenueExcise tob. revenue030,947.7937,876.1645,574.7951,378.8362,558.8271,476.9299,288.18110,188.08120,427.38

total tob revenuetotal tob revenue043,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202

% tob excise in excise reve% tob excise in excise reve0.0000.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.3100.0000.000

% tob reven. In total revenue% tob reven. In total revenue0.000.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.000.00

% tax in RSPVATrevenue0.000.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61

% of excise in RSPspecific reve0.000.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41

ad valorem revad valorem rev0.00

Total Tax revenues on Tobacco Products (Actual)

- Cigarettes (million HUF)29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234

- VAT (million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000

- Excise tax (million HUF)14,30020,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234

as % of retail price35.2%40.9%41.0%37.1%32.4%36.5%38.6%39.7%34.0%37.6%39.2%

fixed19,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900

ad valerom5,0805,5532,56310,12317,53220,51540,39843,77139,334

8.4%6.6%2.4%8.4%14.4%15.1%15.9%16.6%17.5%

cigarette tax composition - VAT33%33%35%38%35%34%34%37%35%34%

cigarette tax composition - excise67%67%65%62%65%66%66%63%65%66%

total100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%

Total Tobacco Tax revenue (direct calculation)

- Cigarettes (million HUF) (VAT + excise tax)31,36439,07853,11767,44977,91376,58285,219149,913157,761135,195

- VAT (applied to domestic production minus exports)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000

- Excise tax ( fixed + Ad valorem)21,58726,92936,34446,44453,93752,20258,04998,958105,18190,195

- fixed part15,85419,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900

- Ad valorem5,7327,10910,79715,00720,36022,73424,64052,74350,21141,295

discrepancy with line 407.9%8.1%16.9%36.6%23.4%11.1%7.6%14.3%6.5%2.2%

tax per domestic production1.201.461.882.282.702.713.325.595.745.88

tax per domestic consumption1.191.521.912.362.813.614.086.336.606.76

Total cigarette excise tax (million US$)288341395442428341310462444354

cigarette trade suplus as % of cigarette excise tax-1.8%1.4%0.8%1.8%8.0%13.9%12.1%5.2%6.1%6.0%

Tobacco Trade

Cigarettes Trade

Cigarette imports (million sticks)427300237209390250300400300400500

Cigarette exports (million sticks)001,3326391,3671,4007,4005,2003,4004,0003,500

Average price of imports (HUF/piece)2.00.90.90.92.24.72.93.4343.8794.255

Average price of exports (HUF/piece)n.a.0.40.70.93.51.21.61.8062.0002.151

Average price of imports (US$/piece)0.0270.0110.0090.0090.0170.0310.0160.0160.0160.017

2%2%2%

Average price of exports (US$/piece)n.a.0.0060.0080.0080.0270.0080.0080.0080.0080.008

Total import value (million HUF)3012853188496072141803525441,4131,1771,0301,5512,128

Total export value (million HUF)4413719082165854611,1664,8458,6838,2076,1418,0017,530

Net surplus (million HUF)-257-272-24759-3913712828154,3017,2707,0305,1116,4495,403

Total import value (million US$) -cigarette796138323496578

Total export value (million US$)1011437511385744293430

Net surplus (million US$)-6-8-51-5538344838242721

Other Tobacco Products Trade

Leaf tobacco imports (metric tons)

Leaf tobacco exports (metric tons)

Average price of import (HUF/ton)

Average price of export (HUF/ton)

All Tobacco Products Trade

Total tobacco import value (million HUF)8598028131,7382,7803,6124,0416,3096,43510,90714,384

Total tobacco export value (million HUF)1312602151,1087942,4612,1643,6246,29813,5328,478

Net surplus (million HUF)-728-542-599-630-1,986-1,151-1,878-2,685-1372,625-5,906

Total tobacco imports (Million US$)2024162837464460517177

Total tobacco exports (Million US$)3841811312435508845

Total Trading surplus in tobacco (Million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32

Domestic Tobacco Production


- filter (million sticks)26,20027,55627,10026,50023,90025,10026,20021,800

- non-filter (million sticks)1,9992,0001,8001,8001,8001,7001,3001,200

Macro Data (Population, Trade, Tax, Income, CPI)

Population (million)10.710.510.410.310.310.210.210.110.010.09.99.99.8

-growth rate-1.500%-1.720%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.524%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.554%

Adult population (15+) (million)8.368.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14

- growth rate-0.500%-0.592%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.037%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.302%

Total merchandise import (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,101

Total merchandise export (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,747

Total merchandise trade suplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,354

Total government excise tax revenue (million HUF)25,200108,200137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,600

Total government tax revenue (million HUF)456,200934,100988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,800

Total government revenue (million HUF)

exchange rate (HUF/US$) (period average)44335063757992105126153187214237255

Average monthly labor income (HUF)27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725

Average monthly labor income (US$)373433451484450412405429439458

CPI ( in 1995 HUF)32445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196

Some Tobacco Ratios

Percentage of cigarettes excise tax of total excise tax13.2%14.6%14.9%21.0%20.7%21.8%21.2%20.2%27.0%

Percentage of cigarettes tax of total tax3.17%3.42%3.82%4.11%3.90%3.29%3.07%4.65%

Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income1.76%1.79%2.04%2.08%2.13%1.95%1.82%2.82%2.58%1.97%

A smoker's % of cigarette expenditure in total labor income5.5%5.6%6.4%5.8%6.1%5.7%5.5%9.2%8.4%0.0%

World Bank User:vat rate is 25%

World Bank User:40 without filter and 65 with filter

World Bank User:I guess this is as a % of exfactory price or wholesale price, not as % of retail price

World Bank User:cigarettes VAT as % of total Cigarettes tax (VAT + Excise)

World Bank User:Cigarettes Excise Tax as % of Total Cigarettes tax ( VAT + Excise)

World Bank User:These numbers are estimated, need more information on this

World Bank User:Estimated


World Bank User:These numbers should be what we got directly from other sources

World Bank User:These numbers are what we calculated using tax rates, prices and consumption data

World Bank User:This should be in line with what we have in line 38. Otherwise there will be some problem

World Bank User:For the sake of international comparison

World Bank User:These are what we computed, need to verify with other sources

World Bank User:EU standard is above 70%, Hungary hasn't reached that level

World Bank User:Need real data, these are estimates

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Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income

Cigarette Expenditure as % of Average Montly Labor Income: Hungary (1991-2000)

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Share of Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999

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Smoker's Monthly Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999

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1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Total Cigarette Production (million sticks)26,12426,83528,19929,55628,90028,30025,70026,80027,50023,000

Domestic total consumption (million Sticks)26,42425,74027,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70023,90020,000

Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)3,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457

Per Capita Cigarette Expenditure (15+) (HUF, monthly)59173410131269144814771652310932202764

Per Capita Monthly Labor Income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725

% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income2%2%2%2%3%2%2%3%3%2%

1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999

Hungary15,78216,79316,44915,81216,39318,47820,52520,93621,83620,77222,50224,00826,13523,60323,59325,78326,25025,70025,52526,05028,59828,19026,43524,85027,54027,28027,13327,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027200209002370023900

population 15+7456100.07.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+06

per capita consumption sticks2117225222062121219924782753280829292786301832203505316631643458352134473423349438363781354533333694365936393654357136773869355834733724383337223648280331793205

% change

1960-196517.1%

1965-197021.8%

1970-197514.6%

1980-198510.9%

1985-1990-4.6%

1990-19955.8%

1995-1999-13.9%

196019651970197519801985199019951999

per stick211724783018345838363659386937223205

% increase17%22%15%11%-5%6%-4%-14%

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Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)

% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income

Sticks

Annual Cigarettes Consumption Per 15+ & Cigarettes Expendiures as % of Income

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Total Cigarette Production (million sticks)


Million Sticks

Total Cigarettes Production & Consumption in Hungary

Consumption &Health

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Sticks/15+ population

Trend in Cigarette Consumption and Change in Every Five Years (%) Hungary 1960-1999

3205(-14%)

3722(-4%)

3869(6%)

3659(-5%)

3836(11%)

3458(15%)

3018(22%)

2478(17%)

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Percentage Change in Cigarette Consumption in Every Five Years in Hungary 1960-1999

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19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Retail Price (HUF/Pack)15.317.519.328.43747.260.473.586.4115130160195225

CPI19222532445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196

Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)828177888588929486938996106115

Domestic Consumption (million sticks)27,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027,20020,90023,70023,90020,000

Domestic Consumption (million sticks)25,05623,40524,01321,92121,36521,40020,90023,70023,900

Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult164160165174160157168173168165127145146123


population 15+8.328.328.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14

Average monthly income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725

Real Per Capita Monthly Income64257.990019009663859.966617053763252.818560784165232.179986804156653.785774664950993.792781824751802.066758665554977.940479919356445.016106373659553.682669481

Disposable Income (billion HUF)1727.62050.82350.92888.63559.443835219.66140.96967.9

Real Disposable Income/capita 15+479.6167958042462.9339679684433.0509964312447.9488294541429.8273155416430.0752251587434.4598178734448.4777294011463.0038232849

% of cigarette price (per pack) on monthly income0.13%0.14%0.15%0.14%0.15%0.18%0.17%0.17%0.19%0.19%


1987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999



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Annual Average Consumption Per 15+ Adult

Real Per Capita Monthly Income

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1995 HUF

Real Income and Per Capital Consumption

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Real Cigarette Retail Price

Cigarette per pack/15+


Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)



Real Retail Price/pack (HUF), and Cigarette per pack/15+


Real Cigarette Price, Real Monthly Income and Cigarette Consumption, Hungary, 1991-2000

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Consumption per pack/15+

Real per capita monthly income

Consumption and Real Income Trend Hungary 1991-2000

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Real Price/pack (HUF)

Consumption per pack/capita 15+

Cigarette Consumption Trend and Real Average Retail Price of Most Popular Brand Hungary, 1991-1999

Restrictions & Prevalence

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1995 HUF/pack

Real Cigarette Retail Price in Hungary, 1987-2000

1975198019851990199119921993199419951996199719981999

Cigarette Imports79613832349657

Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)10114375113857442934

Cigarette Trade Surplus-6-8-51-55383448382427

Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)2024162837464460517177

Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)3841811312435508845

Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32

Total Merchandise Imports (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,1010

Total Merchandise Exports (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,7470

Total Merchandise Trade Surplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,3540

Tobacco suplus as % of total merchandise1.53%3.07%-4.14%-1.08%2.16%4.04%0.55%0.66%0.04%-0.70%1.48%

Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise0.05%0.09%0.05%0.18%0.10%0.29%0.26%0.32%0.39%0.56%0.24%

Tobacco imports as % of total merchandise0.27%0.26%0.20%0.32%0.32%0.41%0.35%0.41%0.33%0.39%0.36%

Cigarette exports as % of total merchandise0.02%0.00%0.02%0.15%0.03%0.07%0.06%0.10%0.30%0.36%0.23%0.14%

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Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)

Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)

Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise

Tobacco Export and Its Share in Total Merchandise Export, Hungary, 1975-1997

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Net Surplus of Tabacco Trade (Million US$)

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Cigarette Imports


Cigarette Trade Surplus

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Million US$

Exports of Cigarettes Picked up in Late 90s

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Tobacco Trade Suplus (Deficits)

% of Tobacco surplus on total merchandise


Tobacco suplus as % of total merchandise

Million US$

Tobacco Trade as % of Total Merchandise

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)



Million US$

Tobacco Trade (Export-Import) Hungary, 1975-1997

Notes1991199219931994199519961997199819992000Cigarettes tax2000BulgariaCrotiaCzechRep.EstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMoldovaPolandRomaniaRussiaSloveniaUkraine

Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)20,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234VAT45,000Total Tax Incidence54.967.460.255.460.549.3397.660.55421.262.631

VAT on Cigarettes (Million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000Fixed Excise48,900Excise incidence36.549.542.140.140.53423.87.642.5384.53215

Total Cigarettes Tax29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234Ad Valorem Excise39,334

Total Excise Tax (Million HUF)137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,60000Total Tax IncidenceExcise incidence

Total Government Tax Revenue (Million HUF)988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,80000Moldova7.67.6

Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise15%15%21%21%22%21%20%27%Russia21.24.5

CIgarettes tax as % of total government tax revenue3%3%3%3%3%3%3%4%Ukraine3115

In 1995 HUFReal Cigarettes Tax Revenue68,36969,18972,97670,61067,67657,79855,50682,32782,10667,977Lithuania3923.8

CPI44546678100124146167184196Latvia49.334

consumption26,53025,89527,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70019,360Romania5438

Tax per pack22293438496778116156Bulgaria54.936.5

real tobacco tax revenue683696918972976706106767657798555068232782106Estonia55.440.1

real tax per pack525353494955536985CzechRep.60.242.1

Hungary60.540.5

HUNGARY199219931994199519961997199819992000FPoland60.542.5

Specific rate/piece0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6Slovenia62.632

Ad valorem RSP/piece0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9Crotia67.449.5

VAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3

total tax/piece

Excise tob. revenue30,94837,87645,57551,37962,55971,47799,288110,188120,427

total tob revenue43,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202

% tob excise in excise reve0.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.310

% tob reven. In total revenue0.040.040.040.040.040.040.04

% tax in RSP0.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61

% of excise in RSP0.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41

Real excise tax revenue57,79457,73858,50451,37950,65548,92359,41859,78761,443

Real total tax revenue81,08681,43884,70576,07176,49567,78786,31088,07888,879

consumptionreal tobacco tax revenuereal tax per pack

19917959068369.297178150851.5411211294

19927768569188.914618659953.438049522

19938330772976.335365853752.5595702876

19948573770610.481386392849.4142421963

1995832506767648.7754954955

19966360057797.570850202454.526010236

19976270055505.745752709653.1155461748

19987110082326.93414636369.4742060307

19995808082105.793227550684.820034326

Belarus953%

Bulgaria2969%

Croatia4335%

Cyprus683%

Czech10656%

Estonia604%

Hungary5213%

Kazakhstan1129%

Latvia473%

Lithuania301%

Poland31187%

Romania112310%

Russia18155%

Slovenia1632%

Turkey441011%

Ukraine110111%

199219931994199519961997199819992000

Real total tax revenue81085.972958840781437.685365853784704.761232349276071.081676494.99595141767787.077344284786309.503291442288078.176885512788878.7653061225

Real Tax Per Pack3.773.803.753.613.523.244.043.813.69

Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)92.073170731794.35173299186.493.117408906988.980150581895.7510472771105.8057514921114.7959183673

SpainSwedenUnited KingdomHungary

475093720004521

199939.8018.89858.3369.811

AustriaBelgium-LuxembourgDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyNetherlandsPortugal11910534353

Total Cigarette Tax (Mn US$)2135132215157438704132712035107374922827129933%20%29%36%

Population (mn)8.29210.6875.2745.17959.06182.68810.5973.57457.19415.8719.78833.8167.20147.3338.141

Per Capita Cigarette Tax (US$)25712428714414716019230013117813311.31.413.52.9

Smoking Incidence25%29%31%24%33%37%37%32%25%34%19%4216601483180

15+ pop (mn)6.8778.834.294.22948.22969.9938.9762.81949.08112.9858.149

Number of smokers (mn)1.72.51.31.015.925.63.30.912.14.31.5

Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)126752511397485475186131208617650855

Per Capita Cigarette Tax (US$)

Hungary53.1

Sweden105.3

Spain119.3

Italy131.0

Portugal132.8

Finland143.5

France147.4

Germany160.5

Netherlands178.1

Greece192.1

Austria257.5

Denmark287.3

Ireland300.2

UK342.9

Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)

Hungary180

Spain421

Germany518

France547

Greece613

Italy617

Netherlands650

Sweden660

Finland748

Portugal855

Denmark1139

Ireland1208

Austria1267

UK1483

Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)Cigarette Price Per pack

Hungary1800.8961%

Spain4211.2573%

Germany5182.7669%

France5473.1676%

Greece6132.1773%

Italy6172.0975%

Netherlands6503.1572%

Sweden6604.0971%

Finland7483.8476%

Portugal8551.8180%

Denmark11394.3781%

Ireland12084.1377%

Austria12672.4974%

UK14835.7379%

Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)Cigarette Price Per 100 packs

Hungary1808961%

Spain42112573%

Germany51827669%

France54731676%

Greece61321773%

Italy61720975%

Netherlands65031572%

Sweden66040971%

Finland74838476%

Portugal85518180%

Denmark113943781%

Ireland120841377%

Austria126724974%

UK148357379%

IrelandAustriaUK

1208.27988929991267.16222367961482.8637136436

413.4438248.6999773909573.3364

HungarySpainGermanyFranceGreeceItalyNetherlandsSwedenFinlandPortugalDenmark

Per Smoker Cigarette Tax (US$)180.3493705137420.5169770466518.0465587542546.8792258147612.8617168305616.7327553154649.7784143587660.1957426951747.8252189794855.01213984711139.4030002256

Cigarette Price Per 100 pack89124.6494234964275.7158006363316.1805390878216.8920643021208.8711318673315.279280975408.6176878161383.7030835775181.0376040966437.2007683266

Total Cigarette TaxCigarette Tax as % of Total Government TaxTotal Cigarette Tax

Lithuania301%Lithuania30

Latvia473%Latvia47

Estonia604%Estonia60

Cyprus683%Cyprus68

Belarus953%Belarus95

Kazakhstan1129%Kazakhstan112

Slovenia1632%Slovenia163

Bulgaria2969%Bulgaria296

Croatia4335%Croatia433

Hungary5213%Hungary521

Czech10656%Czech1065

Ukraine110111%Ukraine1101

Romania112310%Romania1123

Russia18155%Russia1815

Poland31187%Poland3118

Turkey441011%Turkey4410

Total Cigarette TaxCigarette Tax as % of Total Government TaxTotal Cigarette Tax

Finland7752%Finland775

Sweden9111%Sweden911

Ireland10155%Ireland1015

Portugal11884%Portugal1188

Austria14272%Austria1427

Denmark15413%Denmark1541

Belgium15872%Belgium1587

Greece23739%Greece2373

Netherlands34142%Netherlands3414

Spain40833%Spain4083

Italy72452%Italy7245

France99712%France9971

Germany131152%Germany13115

UK180614%UK18061

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Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)

Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise

Million HUF

Cigarette Excise Tax Revenue and its Share in Total Excise Revenue in Hungary, 1991-1998

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Tax as % of Retail Price

Real Cigarettes Tax Revenue

59%

Million HUF ( in 1995 Value)

Real Cigarettes Tax Revenues in Hungary(1995 CPI = 100)

56%

53%

60%

57%

59%

52%

57%

61%

61%

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Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise

CIgarettes tax as % of total government tax revenue

The Importance of Cigarettes Taxation is Rising

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Cigarettes Tax Revenue Composition In Hungary ( 2000F)

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VAT

Excise Tax

Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)

VAT on Cigarettes (Million HUF)

Million HUF

Cigarettes Tax Revenues in Hungary 1991-2000

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00

00

00

00

00

% tax in RSP

% of excise in RSP

% of total and excise tax share in RSP

Total (Excise+VAT) and Excise (Specific+Ad Valorem) Tax Incidence on Cigarettes Hungary, 1992-2000

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Excise tob. revenue

% tob excise in excise reve

Million HUF

Cigarette Excise Tax Revenue and Its Share in Total Excise Revene, Hungary, 1992-1998

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Excise tob. revenue

Real excise tax revenue

Million HUF

Real and Nominal Tobacco Tax Revenue, Hungary, 1992-2000

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00

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00

Total Tax Incidence

Excise incidence

% of total and excise tax rates

Tobacco Tax Rates in Central European Countries, 2000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Per Capita Cigarette Tax (US$)

US$

Per Capita Cigarette Tax for Hungary and Selected EU Countries, 1999

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0


US$

Per Smoker Cigarette Tax for Hungary and Selected EU Countries, 1999

2.0452780985

2.074542809

3.0631160255

9.8111836606

21.0126799816

25.6362952231

Consumption Per 15+

Kg / Week

Additional Food a Smoker Can Buy Per Week if He/She Did Not Smoke in Hungary, 1999

00

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Cigarette Price Per pack

US$

US$

Per Smoker Cigarette Tax and Cigarette Price Per Pack in 1999

00

00

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00

00

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Taxes as % of Retail Prices


Cigarette Price Per 100 packs

US$

Tob. Tax Revenue/Smoker, Retail Price, and Tax as % of Price in 1999

79%

74%

77%

81%

80%

76%

71%

72%

61%

73%

69%

76%

73%

75%

00

00

00

00

00

00

Cigarette Retail Price Per 100 Packs



US$


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00

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US$


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real tobacco tax revenue

real tax per pack

Total Real Tobacco Tax Revenue (Million 1995 HUF)

Real Tax Per Pack (1995 HUF)

Real Tobacco Tax Revenue and Real Tax per Pack in Hungary, 1991-1999

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3 Times Consumption (Left-hand side, million Pieces)


Real Tobacco Tax Revenue(Left-hand side, million 1995 HUF)

consumption


real tax per pack

Real Tobacco Tax Revenue, Real Tax Per Pack and Consumption Trends in Hungary, 1991-1999

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00




real tax per pack


0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0




0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total Cigarette Tax

Total Cigarette Tax (US$ Million)

Cigarette Tax Revenue and its share in Government Tax Revenue in ECA Countries, 1999

11%

7%

5%

10%

11%

6%

3%

5%

9%

2%

9%

3%

3%

4%

3%

1%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total Cigarette Tax

Total Cigarette Tax (US$ Million)

Total Cigarette Tax and Percentage Share in Total Government Tax Revenue for EU Countries, 1999

4%

2%

2%

2%

3%

2%

9%

2%

3%

2%

4%

5%

1%

2%

World Cigarette Consumption

30-NOV-1999 11:02

(Million Pieces)

19961997199819992000 by Gain reportRetail price of 20 local currency

Domestic Consumption

Afghanistan1500150015001500Tax incidence %Per capita consumption 15+Million consumption15+ populationMost popular brand price per pack in EURO and % of total tax in priceMost popular brand price per pack in EURO and % of total tax in price

Albania3050320032503250Lithuania39.135.51088777225300298525.90.518

Algeria20700210002150021500Estonia55.437.16216216222200118443.70.874

Angola2900290029002900Latvia49.340.12036108324000199424.20.484

Argentina41300412004170042500Romania5443.713458281400001830115.270.3054

Armenia; Republic of5600570058005800Czeck Rep.60.244.320037322119000857451.91.038

Australia28584279992787427100Slovenia62.644.44444444443700166553.761.0752

Austria12936132051550315600Croatia67.451.23213804269501370959.11.182

Azerbaijan; Republic of6100620061506150Bulgaria54.955.104408352719000689615.70.314

Bangladesh15400154001540015400Hungary60.557.445018627623900832144.130.8826

Barbados230230230235Poland60.559.5829195631930003121740.780.8156

Belarus15000155001600016000

Belgium-Luxembourg15572122161230012300

Belize18018018080

Benin500500500500

Bolivia1300130013001300

Bosnia-Hercegovina9600960096008600

Botswana900900900900

Brazil11900011030097000100000

Brunei800800800800

Bulgaria19103186001800019000

Burma1550155015501550

Burundi700700700700

Cambodia4300430043004300

Cameroon5250525052505250

Canada48562469944879648796

Chad55555555

Chile12675139901414012545

China; Peoples Republic of1659477166604816550901655950

Colombia19800198001980019800

Congo (Brazzaville)10701070600600

Costa Rica2025202520252025

Cote d''Ivoire485048504850485045 (35 most popular)

Croatia10491889695019501

Cuba15900159001590015900

Cyprus1450150015501550

Czech Republic2270023950200001900019000

Denmark9472907485098700

Dominican Republic4098388440894089

Ecuador4600460046004600

Egypt44250462004660046600

El Salvador1620162016201620

Estonia2200220022002200

Ethiopia2700270027002700

Fiji700700700700

Finland5059522352385300

France86163829838383683000

Georgia; Republic of8600870088008800

Germany127003137643137500137000

Ghana2250225022502250

Greece30000299003000030150

Guatemala2144217021752175

Guinea1051058585

Guyana650650650650

Haiti920920920920

Honduras2011201120112011

Hong Kong5076502755405900

Hungary21200209002370023900

Iceland600600600600

India100786976809682095975

Indonesia192688202379205459207685

Iran24000241002420024200

Iraq13700142001420014200

Ireland6350635063506350

Israel8200825083508350

Italy86960932079353692900

Jamaica & Dep1240124012401240

Japan336545319615257600257600

Jordan3850395040004000

Kazakhstan; Republic of15650160001700017000

Kenya7000700070007000

Korea; Democratic Peoples Rep15500155001550015500

Korea; Republic of103001102756102000102000

Kuwait1000100010001000

Kyrgyzstan; Republic of4000405041004100

Laos1300130013001300

Latvia3900400040004000

Lebanon5600565056505650

Liberia225225225225

Libya5700570057005700

Lithuania5200525053005300

Macau8800880088008800

Macedonia (Skopje)4600460047004700

Madagascar2500250025002500

Malawi12001100950930

Malaysia19933202291930018500

Malta & Gozo1350137514001400

Mauritius1500150015001500

Mexico46758469904718047230

Moldova; Republic of4800480047004700

Morocco15700158001590015900

Mozambique1200120012001200

Nepal1500150015001500

Netherlands15425166703012430124

Netherlands Antilles1700170017001700

New Zealand6245624562256225

Nicaragua2400240024002400

Niger800800800800

Nigeria18700187001870018700

Norway2720277125752715

Pakistan45603469655170254500

Panama900915915915

Papua New Guinea55555555

Paraguay1900195019501950

Peru4210421042104210

Philippines77779692017500071620

Poland91780916639305093000

Portugal16150164751647516475

Reunion300300300300

Romania32500315003300040000

Russian Federation207000230000231500232000

Rwanda30303030

Saudi Arabia20000200002000020000

Senegal3900390039003900

Seychelles15151515

Sierra Leone1038103810381038

Singapore3389346733223480

Slovakia11250119001240012400

Slovenia3700370037003700

Solomon Islands25252525

South Africa; Republic of36024325883108230000

Spain74582808758992090000

Sri Lanka5150515051505150

Sudan1250135014501450

Surinam400400400400

Sweden8278599957006300

Switzerland15452145091435014350

Syria10000101001020010200

Taiwan37632400124010440080

Tajikistan; Republic of7400750074007400

Tanzania; United Republic of3750375037503750

Thailand49155491344170034290

Togo1000100010001000

Trinidad and Tobago1320132013201320

Tunisia11100111001120011200

Turkey98509100030109300111500

Turkmenistan5900600061006100

Uganda2300230023002300

Ukraine85000860008700087000

United Arab Emirates6500650065006500

United Kingdom89288880208294079500

United States518305507004483000446000

Uruguay3938393839383938

Uzbekistan; Republic of17782179881598416600

Venezuela7658699141004100

Vietnam32000320003200032000

Western Samoa155155160160

Yemen4700480048004800

Yugoslavia (>05/92)22300223002230022300

Zaire5300530053005300

Zambia1600160016001600

Zimbabwe2150218320902090

5178827Share of tobacco Consumption

Africa's Share2181034.2%

Sub-Sharan Africa's share770031.5%22.3%

Kenya's share in African expenditure9.1%

0.2239185751

Rest of the world85.5%

Europe EU share61369911.9%0.99999

Germany's share1370002.6%0.000010.99999

Rest of the world86.9%0.1052631579Rest of the world87%

Central Europe67780113.1%European Union0.023923445Central Europe0%

Hungary239000.0%GermanyHung in central europe4%

Hung in central europe4%0.0046149447Baltics2%

Baltics115001.7%1975FemalesBalkans21%

Balkans13775120.3%198597Former USSR27%

Former USSR17965026.5%199020Poland14%

Poland9300013.7%1995Russia35%

Russia23200034.2%

0.7713191001

0.000001

0.1741725744

0.0545083255

0.7616402353

0.2383597647

0.8711771990.871177199

0.1288228010.128822801

0.00000010.0000001

Rest of the World 87%

Central and East Europe 13%

Hungary 4% of C&EE

Rest of the World 87%

Central and East Europe 13%

Hungary 4% of C&EE

Global Share of Cigarette Consumption 1999

0.77131910010.7713191001

0.0000010.000001

0.17417257440.1741725744

0.05450832550.0545083255

Other causes 77%

Smoking deaths 23%

Male deaths 76%

Female deaths 24%

Other causes 77%

Smoking deaths 23%

Male deaths 76%

Female deaths 24%

Tobacco Attributable Deaths in Hungary 1995

0.13

0.18

0.2

0.23

All causes

Share of Smoking Attributed Deaths in Total Deaths in Hungary, 1975-1995

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Per capita consumption 15+

Most popular brand price per pack in EURO and % of total tax in price

Pack of 20/capita 15+

Cigarette Consumption in 1999, % of Tax Incidence and Most Popular Brand Price (EURO) in Eastern Europe Countries, 2000

39%0.52

55.4%0.87

49%0.48

54%0.31

60%1.0

63%1.1

67%1.2

55%0.31

61%0.88

61%0.82

0

0

0

0

0

0

Distribution of the Cigarette Consumption in Central and Eastern European Countries in 1999

Former USSR 27%

Poland 14%

Russia34%

Balkans20%

Baltics2%

Hungary4%

ProductionImports (M)Exports (X)

UNSDUSDACISERCUNSDFAOUSDAERCUNSDFAOUSDAERCPopTotal ConsumptionConsumption Per Person 15+

YearMil. UnitsMTMT15+USDA

196116,793---0---07.50816793112

1962---16,449---20---2207.56716449109

1963---15,812---50---107.63815812104

1964---16,393---70---7207.71316393106

1965---18,478---160---66107.79218478119

1966---20,525---960---43907.87220525130

1967---20,936---640---18807.95720936132

1968---21,836---3050---65308.0421836136

1969---20,772---6400---34308.117207721283

19702205022,000---627783---2252818.18622502137197067506

19712345223,452---8611,075---4155198.24624008146197172024

19722547525,475---8261,033---2983738.29926135157197278405

19732284322,843---8331,041---2252818.33923603142197370809

19742292222,923---8041,005---2683358.3723593141197470779

19752454924,500---12231,528---1962458.3925783154197577349

19762489624,900---12461,600---22508.39826250156197678750

19772486524,900---14271,000------2008.39625700153197777100

19782515224,725---9451,000---12008.38625525152197876575

19792497224,972---10631,328---22508.37326050156197978150

19802715827,158---13521,690---1002508.3628598171198085794

19812710227,102---10701,338---9352508.34728190169198184570

19822613526,135---8401,300---1661,0008.33726435159198279305

19832567625,250---1077900---3441,3008.32824850149198374550

19842667926,678---762953---73918.31527540166198482620

19852643026,430---8521,000---2421508.30627280164198581840

19862635126,283---4921,000---291508.29227133164198681399

19872654126,542---270800---271008.27927242165198781726

19882617126,328---354450---581508.26926628161198879884

19892654026,540---8201,025---4001508.26427415166198982245

19902821228,21228212---534427427---376315028038.26828489172199085467

19912612426,100261240491600600---6521701708.28226530160199179590

19922683526,835268352372651010133213319509508.30625895156199277685

19932872828,1992872831631620920980683363947008.33127769167199383307

19942951829,55629518634629390390178617861,36773008.35628579171199485737

19952570928,90025709711707250250---50861,40029008.3727750166199583250

19962759428,30027080866866300866737473747,40070008.37121200127199663600

19972605725,70027100548548400548626462645,20062648.36620900125199762700

1998---26,800325325300------3,4008.35423700142199871100

1999---22,960-22%------400------4,0008.34119360116199958080

2000------------------------8.329

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

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00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

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Total Consumption

Consumption Per Person 15+

Total Consumption (Million Pieces)

Consumption Per Person 15+ (packs)

Cigarette Consumption in Hungary, 1970-1999

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Million Pieces

Cigarette Production in Hungary, 1961-1999

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

sa

1999 ConsumptionSmoking among studentsFactors influencing health conditionSmoking Initiation

Rest of the World4333560Never smokedBoys28Average importance 1less important to 5 most important% said it infuences health to a large extentBoysGirls

Rest of the World0Girls34Daily stress4.4865500

Hungary19360tried not smokerBoys33alcohol4.3460635

Rest of ECA8259072.3%Girls35Environ.4.3458750

quitBoys10smoking4.3598193

Girls8private life4.154891818

6 cig./wkBoys21dwelling place3.73271490110

Girls15housing3.68231560751

long working hours3.52221620302

characteristics of job3.5161710103

innate abilitites3.44201804

frequency of screening tests3.38165

illness in the family3.25166

chance2.6377

qualification2.3958

9

10

11

12

Adult (18 years & older), 1998-1999Youth (11-15 year olds), 199713

Males44%9%14

Females27%6%15

35-69 years olds

MaleFemale

Vascular44%16%

Respiratory75%43%19841985

Lung Cancer97%75%19832.02E+042.10E+04

2.05E+0419841985

19833.56E+031.38E+03

3.69E+035.25E+034.76E+03

7.40E+03

19841985

19832024320966

2053935621381

1980368852484755

1.48E+0473952192924340

198024246

2.54E+03

6.76E+03

1980

Tobacco leaves - Production (mt)19611962196319641965196619671969197019711972197319741975197614798198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Hungary1.72E+041.86E+042.67E+042.86E+041.84E+041.96E+042.39E+042.74E+041.76E+041.63E+041.74E+041.96E+041.68E+041.67E+041.94E+0419771978197925382.13E+041.97E+041.60E+041.47E+041.36E+041.75E+041.31E+041.11E+041.20E+041.12E+041.03E+041.09E+041.25E+041.40E+041.40E+04

Hungary1961196219631964196519661967196919701971197219731974197519762.42E+042.17E+042.52E+046763198119821986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998

Tobacco Leaves - Exports (Mt)6.44E+033.96E+034.01E+039.68E+039.50E+037.20E+031.07E+047.33E+038.57E+035.69E+032.60E+031.51E+031.33E+031.13E+036.33E+02197719781979190232.28E+042.47E+042.88E+033.45E+033.41E+031.17E+048.75E+025.92E+027.10E+021.54E+037.53E+029.16E+022.67E+032.94E+022.26E+03

Tobacco Leaves - Imports (Mt)7.51E+036.55E+034.56E+034.99E+034.93E+038.07E+031.56E+041.03E+047.57E+037.68E+039.00E+038.67E+039.06E+038.27E+036.74E+038.21E+021.10E+031.15E+03198119826.02E+037.74E+035.82E+035.42E+036.21E+031.85E+048.86E+031.19E+041.61E+041.30E+041.94E+041.93E+041.81E+04

Hungary Leaf19688.58E+036.26E+034.31E+032.71E+032.44E+03

19611962196319641965196619672.68E+04196919701971197219731974197519768.26E+037.06E+031986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998

Production171731862326704286031844319611239091968274061759416287173711963316774167451938119771978197921266197481604914653135831750913103111361202911249103431093912538

Export643939554006968495037200107026.55E+0373278569569325961511133111316332416421691252331981198228753453340811733875592710154075391626652942261

Import751165464555499149258067155761.23E+0410313757276769000866890558271673882111031151228132469660247744581754166212185228859118541613913031194321931518060

Domestic Consumption182452121427253239101386520478287833039216597182702377526790244982388525486857962554308271224402441524039184588336189203543921252214502741523364271102996028337

196831922268432839082597057

268002836029313

6552

12263

32511

19841985

19831.92E+041.63E+04

2.53E+047.64E+034.29E+03

1.22E+04

84

12-19-16

-25-12-12

-13

1980

2.43E+04

7.88E+03

8

-24

-16

Hungary1961196219631964196519661967196919701971197219731974197519761986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998

Tobacco - Imports (1000$)3.95E+039.69E+038.28E+031.11E+041.06E+041.00E+041.45E+041.24E+041.09E+041.07E+041.18E+041.33E+041.67E+041.95E+041.82E+041977197819791.93E+042.30E+042.43E+042.54E+042.76E+043.71E+044.57E+044.39E+046.01E+045.11E+047.13E+047.69E+047.43E+04

Tobacco - Exports (1000$)4.00E+033.84E+033.07E+038.11E+038.46E+037.89E+031.08E+047.97E+037.57E+036.33E+033.80E+033.37E+033.36E+032.98E+031.20E+032.32E+041.70E+041.65E+04198119826.74E+036.88E+038.97E+037.35E+031.76E+041.06E+043.12E+042.35E+043.45E+045.00E+048.84E+044.53E+043.10E+04

1.81E+032.60E+033.29E+032.84E+042.49E+04

Export44388811886433311.32E+047.89E+037797181131243550884531

Import-4-10-8-11-11-10-141968-12-11-11-12-13-17-20-18233-19-23-24-25-28-37-46-44-60-51-71-77-74

Net Surplus0-6-5-3-2-2-41.14E+04-4-3-4-8-10-13-17-17-23-17-16138-13-16-15-18-10-26-15-20-26-117-32-43

8.59E+03-21-14-13-28-25

-15-17

9

-11

-3

198719881989199019911992199319951996199719981999

Real Cigarette Retail Price (1995 HUF / Pack)82.355474216881.353726000776.718209643487.532747726984.953964135788.145215507692.073170731786.493.117408906988.980150581895.7510472771105.8057514921

Consumption Per Person 15+ (packs)164.5247010509161.0110049583165.8700387222172.2847121432160.1666264187155.8812906333166.6606649862165.770609319126.6276430534124.9103514224141.8482164233116.0532310275

1994

94.351732991

171.0088559119

Retail Price (US$/pack)Tax as % of Retail Price

Hungary0.8961%

Spain1.2573%

Portugal1.8180%

Italy2.0975%

Germany2.7669%

France3.1676%

Finland3.8476%

Sweden4.0971%

Ireland4.1377%

Denmark4.3781%

UK5.7379%

0.71

0.16

0

0

0

0

Hungary's Cigarette Consumption Share in ECA and ECA's Share in the World, 1999

Hungary2%

ECA16%

Rest of ECA98%

00

00

Males

Females

Smoking Prevalence in Hungary

00

00

00

Male

Female

Percentage of Deaths Attributed to Smoking for People Aged Between 35 and 69 in Hungary, 1990

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

Production

Export

Import

Domestic Consumption

Metric tons

Tobacco Leaf Production, Export, Import and Domestic Production in Hungary, 1961-1998

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

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Export

Import

Net Surplus

Million US Dollars

Tobacco Trade in Hungary, 1961-1998

82.3554742168164.5247010509

81.3537260007161.0110049583

76.7182096434165.8700387222

87.5327477269172.2847121432

84.9539641357160.1666264187

88.1452155076155.8812906333

92.0731707317166.6606649862

94.351732991171.0088559119

86.4165.770609319

93.1174089069126.6276430534

88.9801505818124.9103514224

95.7510472771141.8482164233

105.8057514921116.0532310275

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Price

Consumption


Consumption Per Person 15+ (packs)

Real Cigarette Price (1995 HUF/pack)

Consumption Per Person 15+ (Packs)

Real Cigarette Price and Cigarette Consumption Per Person 15+ in Hungary, 1987-1999

0.89

1.246494235

1.810376041

2.0887113187

2.7571580064

3.1618053909

3.8370308358

4.0861768782

4.134438

4.3720076833

5.733364

Tax as % of Retail Price

Retail Price (US$/pack)

Cigarette Price US$/Pack

Cigarette Prices and Taxes for Hungary and Selected EU Countries, 1999

79%

81%

77%

71%

76%

76%

69%

75%

80%

73%

61%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Smoking among students

Smoking among Primary and Secondary School Students in Hungary 1995-1996

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Average importance 1less important to 5 most important

% said it infuences health to a large extent

% said important

Factors influencing health conditions

4.48

4.34

4.34

4.3

4.15

3.99

3.81

3.78

3.77

3.73

3.68

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Boys

Girls

Age

Number of Youth

The First Cigarette among Youth in Hungary, 1996

Deaths from respiratory diseaseTotal population (mn)Cig consumption 15+

196089339.961

1961568710.007112

1962762010.052109

1963488010.074104

1964432310.108106

1965556810.14119

1966435410.166130

1967512610.203132

1968714710.244136

1969589010.284128

1970584310.322137

1971622710.352146

1972418410.378157

1973515810.41142

1974500610.442141

1975717410.501154

1976649710.563156

1977724710.615153

1978804810.66152

1979724210.687156

19801003110.709171

1981833410.705169

1982782510.695159

1983875810.671149

1984763710.64166

1985756510.599164

1986769810.56164

1987633510.509165

1988601310.464161

1989691610.421166

1990664410.375172

1991625210.355160

1992695110.337156

1993707710.31167

1994687410.277171

1995644710.246166

1996620010.212127

1997585010.174125

1998528910.135142

1999620810.092116

200010.043

Price change

19901999IncreaseSpendingConsumption Per 15+Consumption Per 15+

Pork242638164%2870.292.69Pork2.0

Wine60.5195222%2870.960.82Beef2.1

Chicken128426233%2870.441.80Chicken3.1

Flour15.250.9235%2873.660.21Apple9.8

Beef179629251%2870.302.65Potato21.0

Potato14.162.1340%2873.000.26Flour25.6

Apple23.7133461%2871.400.56

Cigarettes28.4198597%2871160.89500

797

Labor cost (HUF/person)

Food products and beverages manufacturing71725

Average Manufacturing76101

Tobacco products Manufacturing1517571.9941525079

wageworker

Food products and beverages manufacturing116565

Tobacco products Manufacturing236105

average118636

Number of Employees

197519801985199019951999

Tobacco manufacturing5908543053124705245620180.4289054198

Total manufacturing742899

Population 15+8341000

Consumption257832859827280284892775019360

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Increase

Change in Retail Prices in Selected Foods, Beverages and Tobacco Items in Hungary, 1990-1999

0

0

0

Labor cost (HUF/person)

HUF/person

Average Monthly Gross Earnings Industry in Hungary, 1999

0

0

0

0

0

0

Consumption Per 15+

Kg/Week

Additional Food a Smoker Can Buy Per Week if He/She Did Not Smoke in 1999

0

0

0

0

0

0

Tobacco manufacturing

Number of Employees

Number of Employees in the Tobacco Manufacturing Industry in Hungary, 1975-1999

00

00

00

00

00

00

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Tobacco manufacturing

Consumption

Number of People Employed in Tobacco Manufacturing

Consumption (Million Pieces)

Tobacco Manufacturing Employment and Cigarette Consumption in Hungary

1999

MalesFemales14 and Less15-3435-6465 and over

Malignat neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx1361257211201414

Malignat neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung5797208601637574110

Smoking prevalence (%)4427

Total122224124030899268

Malignat neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx0.2%0.0%3.0%0.4%

Malignat neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung0.0%0.7%9.3%4.1%

0.2%0.7%12.3%4.6%

0.5%6.8%

00

00

Males

Females

Number of Death

Mortality from Smoking Related Diseases by Gender in Hungary, 1999

00

00

00

00

Malignat neoplasm of lip, oral cavity and pharynx

Malignat neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung

Percentage Share of Mortality due to Smoking Related Diseases in Total Mortality by Age Groups in Hungary, 1999

Health professionals prevalence


Albania 90-91M39

F9

Bosnia Her.M55

F50

Czeck Rep.98M26

F21

Hungary 95Surgical41

non-surgical26

Latvia 93M59

F26

Poland 95M24

F16

Moldova 98M44

F6

Romania 98M40

F19

Russia 96-99M41

F13

Slovania 91M32

F29

Turkey 93M53

F41

% of total deaths attributed to smoking

Men 35-69Women 35-69

1955203

1965265

1975285

19853811

19954518

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0


Prevalence rate %

Smoking Prevalence among Health Professionals in Selected ECA countries in 1990s

00

00

00

00

00

Men 35-69

Women 35-69

% of total deaths attributed to smoking

Tobacco deaths in Hungary 1955-1995

45%

38%

28%

26%

20%

18%

11%

5%

5%

3%

Smoking prevalenceTobacco AdvertisingSales to minorsHealth warnings on PackageSmoking in publicHealth EducationMortality from tobacco Use

Total (15+)MenWomen

Bulgaria37.550.125.4

Croatia

Czeck Rep.30.14021.2

Estonia355020

Hungary485839

Latvia

Lithuania

Poland476828.2

Romania456832

Slovenia317030

Slovak Rep.39.752.127.2

Total (15+)MenWomenPrevalencePoland smoking prevalence by education

Bulgaria37.550.125.4Bulgaria, High School42Basic Education53.8

Czeck Rep.30.14021.2Poland (16-26 years)38.5High School48.7

Estonia355020Lithuania (14yrs boys)28Middle School44.4

Hungary485839Czeck (all students)5

Poland476828.2

Romania455118

Slovenia317030

Slovak Rep.39.752.127.2

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

Total (15+)

Men

Women

% of smokers

Smoking Prevalence Among Adults (15+) in Selected Eastern Europe Countries, in 1990s

0

0

0

0

Prevalence

% of smokers

Youth Smoking Prevalence in 1990s

0

0

0

Poland smoking prevalence by education

% of smokers

Smoking Prevalence by Education in Poland, 1990s

Tobacco Taxes- Important source of revenue!

Chart1

0.011598694

0.0213275886

0.0257321279

0.0279536379

0.0300426378

0.0320466745

0.0411181945

0.0516528473

0.0530973728

0.0608066064

0.0693833653

0.0851743169

0.0889857708

0.1049895709

0.1087725041

0.1121230708

Cigarette Tax as % of Total Government Tax

Cigarette Tax Revenue as % of Total Government Tax Revenues in Selected ECA Countries, 1999

9%

mainsheet

HUNGARY19751980198519901991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Domestic Tobacco Consumption


Per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (15+)3,4643,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457

per capita cigarette cosumption (sticks) (all)2,7632,5622,5082,7202,8132,7462,1102,0932,3882,4232,039

Prevelence (% of adults)33%32%32%32%36%35%35%33%31%31%

Cigarette consumption per smoker 15+104969984972310486959095747447770294809560

Tobacco Prices

Average retail prices

- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)1.421.852.363.023.684.325.756.5010.7511.0011.25

y o y change (%)30%28%28%22%18%33%13%65%2%2%

Taxation on Tobacco

Stated Tax rates on Tobacco Products

VAT (as % of TIRSP, tax included retail selling price)20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%

Specific tax for cigarettes (HUF per 100 cigarettes)607792110121139160195230245

Ad Valerom tax rate50%50%50%50%65%75%75%75%75%75%

Tariff on imported cigarettes

Actual Average Tax Burden on Tobacco products

- Cigarettes (HUF/piece)

Actual Tax Rate as % of Retail price for Tobacco Products

- Cigarettes60.9%61.0%57.1%52.4%56.5%58.6%59.7%54.0%57.6%59.2%

Specific rate/pieceSpecific rate0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6

Ad valorem RSP/pieceAd valorem RSP0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9

VATVAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3

total tax/piecetotal tax/piece0.001.642.042.462.813.524.015.916.376.81

Excise tob. revenueExcise tob. revenue030,947.7937,876.1645,574.7951,378.8362,558.8271,476.9299,288.18110,188.08120,427.38

total tob revenuetotal tob revenue043,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202

% tob excise in excise reve% tob excise in excise reve0.0000.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.3100.0000.000

% tob reven. In total revenue% tob reven. In total revenue0.000.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.000.00

% tax in RSPVATrevenue0.000.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61

% of excise in RSPspecific reve0.000.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41

ad valorem revad valorem rev0.00

Total Tax revenues on Tobacco Products (Actual)

- Cigarettes (million HUF)29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234

- VAT (million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000

- Excise tax (million HUF)14,30020,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234

as % of retail price35.2%40.9%41.0%37.1%32.4%36.5%38.6%39.7%34.0%37.6%39.2%

fixed19,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900

ad valerom5,0805,5532,56310,12317,53220,51540,39843,77139,334

8.4%6.6%2.4%8.4%14.4%15.1%15.9%16.6%17.5%

cigarette tax composition - VAT33%33%35%38%35%34%34%37%35%34%

cigarette tax composition - excise67%67%65%62%65%66%66%63%65%66%

total100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%

Total Tobacco Tax revenue (direct calculation)

- Cigarettes (million HUF) (VAT + excise tax)31,36439,07853,11767,44977,91376,58285,219149,913157,761135,195

- VAT (applied to domestic production minus exports)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000

- Excise tax ( fixed + Ad valorem)21,58726,92936,34446,44453,93752,20258,04998,958105,18190,195

- fixed part15,85419,82025,54731,43733,57829,46833,40946,21554,97048,900

- Ad valorem5,7327,10910,79715,00720,36022,73424,64052,74350,21141,295

discrepancy with line 407.9%8.1%16.9%36.6%23.4%11.1%7.6%14.3%6.5%2.2%

tax per domestic production1.201.461.882.282.702.713.325.595.745.88

tax per domestic consumption1.191.521.912.362.813.614.086.336.606.76

Total cigarette excise tax (million US$)288341395442428341310462444354

cigarette trade suplus as % of cigarette excise tax-1.8%1.4%0.8%1.8%8.0%13.9%12.1%5.2%6.1%6.0%

Tobacco Trade

Cigarettes Trade

Cigarette imports (million sticks)427300237209390250300400300400500

Cigarette exports (million sticks)001,3326391,3671,4007,4005,2003,4004,0003,500

Average price of imports (HUF/piece)2.00.90.90.92.24.72.93.4343.8794.255

Average price of exports (HUF/piece)n.a.0.40.70.93.51.21.61.8062.0002.151

Average price of imports (US$/piece)0.0270.0110.0090.0090.0170.0310.0160.0160.0160.017

2%2%2%

Average price of exports (US$/piece)n.a.0.0060.0080.0080.0270.0080.0080.0080.0080.008

Total import value (million HUF)3012853188496072141803525441,4131,1771,0301,5512,128

Total export value (million HUF)4413719082165854611,1664,8458,6838,2076,1418,0017,530

Net surplus (million HUF)-257-272-24759-3913712828154,3017,2707,0305,1116,4495,403

Total import value (million US$) -cigarette796138323496578

Total export value (million US$)1011437511385744293430

Net surplus (million US$)-6-8-51-5538344838242721

Other Tobacco Products Trade

Leaf tobacco imports (metric tons)

Leaf tobacco exports (metric tons)

Average price of import (HUF/ton)

Average price of export (HUF/ton)

All Tobacco Products Trade

Total tobacco import value (million HUF)8598028131,7382,7803,6124,0416,3096,43510,90714,384

Total tobacco export value (million HUF)1312602151,1087942,4612,1643,6246,29813,5328,478

Net surplus (million HUF)-728-542-599-630-1,986-1,151-1,878-2,685-1372,625-5,906

Total tobacco imports (Million US$)2024162837464460517177

Total tobacco exports (Million US$)3841811312435508845

Total Trading surplus in tobacco (Million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32

Domestic Tobacco Production


- filter (million sticks)26,20027,55627,10026,50023,90025,10026,20021,800

- non-filter (million sticks)1,9992,0001,8001,8001,8001,7001,3001,200

Macro Data (Population, Trade, Tax, Income, CPI)

Population (million)10.710.510.410.310.310.210.210.110.010.09.99.99.8

-growth rate-1.500%-1.720%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.500%-0.524%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.600%-0.554%

Adult population (15+) (million)8.368.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14

- growth rate-0.500%-0.592%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.030%0.037%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.350%-0.302%

Total merchandise import (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,101

Total merchandise export (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,747

Total merchandise trade suplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,354

Total government excise tax revenue (million HUF)25,200108,200137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,600

Total government tax revenue (million HUF)456,200934,100988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,800

Total government revenue (million HUF)

exchange rate (HUF/US$) (period average)44335063757992105126153187214237255

Average monthly labor income (HUF)27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725

Average monthly labor income (US$)373433451484450412405429439458

CPI ( in 1995 HUF)32445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196

Some Tobacco Ratios

Percentage of cigarettes excise tax of total excise tax13.2%14.6%14.9%21.0%20.7%21.8%21.2%20.2%27.0%

Percentage of cigarettes tax of total tax3.17%3.42%3.82%4.11%3.90%3.29%3.07%4.65%

Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income1.76%1.79%2.04%2.08%2.13%1.95%1.82%2.82%2.58%1.97%

A smoker's % of cigarette expenditure in total labor income5.5%5.6%6.4%5.8%6.1%5.7%5.5%9.2%8.4%0.0%

World Bank User:vat rate is 25%

World Bank User:40 without filter and 65 with filter

World Bank User:I guess this is as a % of exfactory price or wholesale price, not as % of retail price

World Bank User:cigarettes VAT as % of total Cigarettes tax (VAT + Excise)

World Bank User:Cigarettes Excise Tax as % of Total Cigarettes tax ( VAT + Excise)

World Bank User:These numbers are estimated, need more information on this



World Bank User:These numbers should be what we got directly from other sources

World Bank User:These numbers are what we calculated using tax rates, prices and consumption data

World Bank User:This should be in line with what we have in line 38. Otherwise there will be some problem

World Bank User:For the sake of international comparison

World Bank User:These are what we computed, need to verify with other sources

World Bank User:EU standard is above 70%, Hungary hasn't reached that level

World Bank User:Need real data, these are estimates

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Percentage of cigarette expenditure in total labor income

Cigarette Expenditure as % of Average Montly Labor Income: Hungary (1991-2000)

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Share of Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999

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Smoker's Monthly Cigarette Expenditure in Average Monthly Labor Income in Hungary, 1991-1999

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1991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Total Cigarette Production (million sticks)26,12426,83528,19929,55628,90028,30025,70026,80027,50023,000

Domestic total consumption (million Sticks)26,42425,74027,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70023,90020,000

Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)3,1953,1113,3563,4523,3512,5692,5422,8922,9272,457

Per Capita Cigarette Expenditure (15+) (HUF, monthly)59173410131269144814771652310932202764

Per Capita Monthly Labor Income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725

% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income2%2%2%2%3%2%2%3%3%2%

1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999

Hungary15,78216,79316,44915,81216,39318,47820,52520,93621,83620,77222,50224,00826,13523,60323,59325,78326,25025,70025,52526,05028,59828,19026,43524,85027,54027,28027,13327,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027200209002370023900

population 15+7456100.07.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+067.46E+06

per capita consumption sticks2117225222062121219924782753280829292786301832203505316631643458352134473423349438363781354533333694365936393654357136773869355834733724383337223648280331793205

% change

1960-196517.1%

1965-197021.8%

1970-197514.6%

1980-198510.9%

1985-1990-4.6%

1990-19955.8%

1995-1999-13.9%

196019651970197519801985199019951999

per stick211724783018345838363659386937223205

% increase17%22%15%11%-5%6%-4%-14%

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Per Capita Cigarette Consumption (15+)

% of Cigarettes Expenditure on Labor Income

Sticks

Annual Cigarettes Consumption Per 15+ & Cigarettes Expendiures as % of Income

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Domestic total consumption in Hungary

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Million Sticks

Total Cigarettes Production & Consumption in Hungary

Consumption &Health

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per capita consumption sticks

Sticks/15+ population

Trend in Cigarette Consumption and Change in Every Five Years (%) Hungary 1960-1999

3205(-14%)

3722(-4%)

3869(6%)

3659(-5%)

3836(11%)

3458(15%)

3018(22%)

2478(17%)

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% change

Percentage Change in Cigarette Consumption in Every Five Years in Hungary 1960-1999

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19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000

Retail Price (HUF/Pack)15.317.519.328.43747.260.473.586.4115130160195225

CPI19222532445465.677.9100123.5146.1167.1184.3196


Domestic Consumption (million sticks)27,24226,62827,41528,84926,53025,89527,76928,57927,75027,20020,90023,70023,90020,000

Domestic Consumption (million sticks)25,05623,40524,01321,92121,36521,40020,90023,70023,900



population 15+8.328.328.328.278.278.278.288.288.288.258.228.198.178.14

Average monthly income27,98634,19641,49450,81656,65462,97775,68391,868104,028116,725

Real Per Capita Monthly Income64257.990019009663859.966617053763252.818560784165232.179986804156653.785774664950993.792781824751802.066758665554977.940479919356445.016106373659553.682669481

Disposable Income (billion HUF)1727.62050.82350.92888.63559.443835219.66140.96967.9

Real Disposable Income/capita 15+479.6167958042462.9339679684433.0509964312447.9488294541429.8273155416430.0752251587434.4598178734448.4777294011463.0038232849



1987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999



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packs

1995 HUF

Real Income and Per Capital Consumption

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Real Cigarette Retail Price

Cigarette per pack/15+





Real Retail Price/pack (HUF), and Cigarette per pack/15+


Real Cigarette Price, Real Monthly Income and Cigarette Consumption, Hungary, 1991-2000

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Consumption per pack/15+

Real per capita monthly income

Consumption and Real Income Trend Hungary 1991-2000

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Real Price/pack (HUF)

Consumption per pack/capita 15+

Cigarette Consumption Trend and Real Average Retail Price of Most Popular Brand Hungary, 1991-1999

Restrictions & Prevalence

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1995 HUF/pack

Real Cigarette Retail Price in Hungary, 1987-2000

1975198019851990199119921993199419951996199719981999

Cigarette Imports79613832349657

Cigarette Exports (Mil. US$)10114375113857442934

Cigarette Trade Surplus-6-8-51-55383448382427

Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)2024162837464460517177

Total Tobacco Exports ( Mil. US$)3841811312435508845

Total Tobacco Trade Surplus (million US$)-17-16-12-10-26-15-20-26-117-32

Total Merchandise Imports (Million US$)7,1759,2358,1908,62611,46511,06612,68314,63215,49118,14421,23423,1010

Total Merchandise Exports (Million US$)6,0948,7008,4799,55610,24210,7058,94510,74512,97615,70419,10020,7470

Total Merchandise Trade Surplus (Million US$)-1,081-534289930-1,223-361-3,738-3,887-2,515-2,440-2,134-2,3540

Tobacco suplus as % of total merchandise1.53%3.07%-4.14%-1.08%2.16%4.04%0.55%0.66%0.04%-0.70%1.48%

Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise0.05%0.09%0.05%0.18%0.10%0.29%0.26%0.32%0.39%0.56%0.24%

Tobacco imports as % of total merchandise0.27%0.26%0.20%0.32%0.32%0.41%0.35%0.41%0.33%0.39%0.36%

Cigarette exports as % of total merchandise0.02%0.00%0.02%0.15%0.03%0.07%0.06%0.10%0.30%0.36%0.23%0.14%

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Tobacco exports as % of total merchandise

Tobacco Export and Its Share in Total Merchandise Export, Hungary, 1975-1997

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A Net Importer of Tobacco

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Cigarette Imports


Cigarette Trade Surplus

Million US$

Million US$

Exports of Cigarettes Picked up in Late 90s

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Tobacco Trade Suplus (Deficits)

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Tobacco Trade as % of Total Merchandise

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Total Tobacco Imports ( Million US$)



Million US$

Tobacco Trade (Export-Import) Hungary, 1975-1997

Notes1991199219931994199519961997199819992000Cigarettes tax2000BulgariaCrotiaCzechRep.EstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMoldovaPolandRomaniaRussiaSloveniaUkraine

Excise Tax on Cigarettes (Million HUF)20,00024,90031,10034,00043,70047,00053,92486,61398,74188,234VAT45,00054.967.460.255.460.549.3397.660.55421.262.631

VAT on Cigarettes (Million HUF)9,77712,14916,77221,00623,97624,38027,17050,95552,58045,000Fixed Excise48,90036.549.542.140.140.53423.87.642.5384.53215

Total Cigarettes Tax29,77737,04947,87255,00667,67671,38081,094137,568151,321133,234Ad Valorem Excise39,334

Total Excise Tax (Million HUF)137,300166,700148,200164,300200,900222,100266,300320,60000Total Tax IncidenceExcise incidence

Total Government Tax Revenue (Million HUF)988,6001,143,2001,390,4001,642,3001,999,0002,328,8002,780,2003,221,80000Moldova7.67.6

Cigarettes excise tax as % of total excise15%15%21%21%22%21%20%27%Russia21.24.5

CIgarettes tax as % of total government tax revenue3%3%3%3%3%3%3%4%Ukraine3115

In 1995 HUFReal Cigarettes Tax Revenue68,36969,18972,97670,61067,67657,79855,50682,32782,10667,977Lithuania3923.8

CPI44546678100124146167184196Latvia49.334

consumption26,53025,89527,76928,57927,75021,20020,90023,70019,360Romania5438

Tax per pack22293438496778116156Bulgaria54.936.5

real tobacco tax revenue683696918972976706106767657798555068232782106Estonia55.440.1

real tax per pack525353494955536985CzechRep.60.242.1

Hungary60.540.5

HUNGARY199219931994199519961997199819992000FPoland60.542.5

Specific rate/piece0.770.921.101.211.391.601.932.32.6Slovenia62.632

Ad valorem RSP/piece0.400.510.620.730.981.111.831.91.9Crotia67.449.5

VAT0.470.600.740.861.151.302.152.22.3

total tax/piece

Excise tob. revenue30,94837,87645,57551,37962,55971,47799,288110,188120,427

total tob revenue43,42053,42365,98576,07194,47199,037144,223162,328174,202

% tob excise in excise reve0.1860.2560.2770.2560.2820.2680.310

% tob reven. In total revenue0.040.040.040.040.040.040.04

% tax in RSP0.700.670.670.650.610.620.550.580.61

% of excise in RSP0.500.470.470.450.410.420.350.380.41

Real excise tax revenue57,79457,73858,50451,37950,65548,92359,41859,78761,443

Real total tax revenue81,08681,43884,70576,07176,49567,78786,31088,07888,879

consumptionreal tobacco tax revenuereal tax per pack

19917959068369.297178150851.5411211294

19927768569188.914618659953.438049522

19938330772976.335365853752.5595702876

19948573770610.481386392849.4142421963

1995832506767648.7754954955

19966360057797.570850202454.526010236

19976270055505.745752709653.1155461748

19987110082326.93414636369.4742060307

19995808082105.793227550684.820034326

953%

2969%

4335%

683%

10656%

604%

5213%

1129%

473%

301%

31187%

112310%

18155%

1632%

441011%

110111%

199219931994199519961997199819992000

Real total tax revenue81085.972958840781437.685365853784704.761232349276071.081676494.99595141767787.077344284786309.503291442288078.17688551278887

tobacco: health effects, and socio-economic issues joy de beyer tobacco control coordinator world...

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