to warp drive!! - farmsmart€¦ · greg stewart, maizex seeds @wheatpete different approaches…....

@WheatPete

Rear View Mirrorto

Greg Stewart

Maizex

Peter Johnson

Real Agriculture

WARP DRIVE!!

@WheatPete

Greg….

Peter

@WheatPete

Weed Control?

@WheatPete

1998

◼ Primary herbicide soybeans: Clean Sweep (Post)

◼ Primary herbicide corn: Banvel (Post)

◼ Primary herbicide wheat: MCPA Sodium/2,4-D

Roundup Ready Soybean

5

Market Share – Eastern Canada (%)

4

1216 18

28

42

56

64 64 64 65 65 64 6672

78 79 7670 72

78 79

0

20

40

60

80

Stratus

Roundup Ready Corn

6

Market Share – Eastern Canada (%)

4 7 10 1221

30

40

56

69

80

9094 95 96 96 96 97 97

0

20

40

60

80

100

Stratus

Canada Fleabane in Soybean

@WheatPete

Response to herbicide resistance

Denial

Glyphosate Resistant Canada Fleabane

Cover Crops

No cover crop after wheat Cereal rye + crimson clover cover crop

Sikkema, UG Sikkema, UG

“Fight the Light” rotation

75 cm rows

Spring tilled

18 cm rows

No till

Tall variety

1.8 M seeds/acre

No till

Ryegrass/crimson clover Red clover

Preplant MAP Seed placed MAP

41,000 plants/acre 225,000 plants/acre

Talking PlantsThe Science Behind Good

Weed Management

Clarence Swanton

University of Guelph

Critical period for weed control

3rd 10th

Time of emergenceWeed densityWeed species

Yie

ld (

% o

f W

ee

d-f

ree

ch

eck

)

20

40

60

80

100

Weedy

Weed-free

Weedy Weed-free

Corn Root Response to Weeds

Crown Roots

Weedy Weed-free

Crown root number : 7.0 b 11.6 aTotal root volume (cm3): 1.25 b 1.58 a

Roundup Ready Corn

14

Glyphosate – Application Timing (20 sites)

143141

139 138136

133131

129127

100

110

120

130

140

150

WeedFree

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Corn Leaf Stage

Average of 20 experiments

Yie

ld (

bu/a

c)

Average yield loss = ½ bu/ac/dayHighest yield loss = 3 bu/ac/day

Hamill, AAFC

Sikkema, UG

@WheatPete

START CLEAN

STAY CLEAN!

@WheatPete

Corn NitrogenChallenge!

Dr. Bill Deen, University of Guelph

Greg Stewart, Maizex Seeds

@WheatPete

Different Approaches….

Greg and Peter go to the restaurant and both order

steak.

Peter, as expected, grabs the steak knife and digs right

in.

Greg grabs the steak and rubs it all over his body…

@WheatPete

Wheat N 1998

90 N

Full Stop

Nitrogen 1998: PSNT!

Cells Needing Input =

Field Name Latitude Longitude

1 Ontario Average 2018 42.625524 -81.47049

Imperial Metric

2 Soil Texture Adjustment: (lb/ac) (kg/ha)

Select soil type Loam 28 32

3 Yield Adjustment:

Enter proven yield (bu/ac) 195 150 168

4 Heat Unit Adjustment:

Enter CHU for your area 3000 7 8

5 Soil Organic Matter Adjustment

Enter Soil Organic Matter (%) 3.8 0 0

6 Previous Crop Adjustment:

Select previous crop Soybeans -27 -30

7 Price Ratio Adjustment: ($N:$corn)

Enter expected corn price ($ / bushel) $4.50

Fertilizer product UAN (28-0-0)

Enter fertilizer price ($ / tonne of fertilizer) $278

Price Ratio and Rate Adjustment 5.60 -4 -4

Total N Recommendation 155 174

8 Enter Starter Band N (lb/ac) 30 34

9 Enter Manure Credit (lb/ac) 0

10 Enter Broadcast N (lb/ ac) 0

11 Additional Planting Time N Required 125 141

OR, if applying N as sidedress:

12 Additional SideDress N Required 100 113

Adjusted N Recommendations Based on Soil N Testing (Sampling June 1 - June 20)

For samples taken into unfertilized ground - avoid planter bands and broadcast N

13 Soil N Test # 1 (Nitrate + Ammonia) PPM 19 100 112

14 Soil N Test # 2 (Nitrate + Ammonia) PPM 12 142 159

GPS Co-ordinates

(click to enter)

General Field Based N Recommendations

Maizex N Tracker Version 4.0

Average Ontario Recommendation

= 155 lbs N/acre

Relative importance forOptimum N Rate

CRAAQ, 2016

Base N Rate

Planting Window N

Top Up N Rate

Supplemental N – V3 to V12

135 lbs acre0 lbs per acre

30 lbs per acre60 lbs per acre

Base N Rate

Silt Loam, Red clover = 110Loam, Soybean = 166Clay Loam, Corn = 201

Planting Window N

Top Up N Rate

Supplemental N – V3 to V12

135 lbs acre0 lbs per acre

30 lbs per acre60 lbs per acre

210 Yield, $4.50 Corn,$.45 N, 3000 CHU

• Objective 1: Out-of-the-box performance

Canopy Sensors

34

@WheatPete

Fertility 1998

sufficiency approach only

@WheatPete

Lake Erie

Richards et al., 2002

Agricultural Phosphorus…

0.4 lbs/ac/yr

@WheatPete

Phosphorus!

@WheatPete

Location

Background P and K treatment

ANOVA

P >F

P<20

K<120

P>20

K<120

P<20

K>120

P>20

K>120

bu/ac

Elora (5 yrs)

Bornholm (5 yrs)

Lucan (3 yrs)

Ridgetown (4 yrs)

Average

17 site-yrs

ALL starters

Mean separation within location statistically significant at P=0.05 @cropdoc2 #SWAC17

Wheat Yield Response Background Fertility

@WheatPete

Location

Background P and K treatment

ANOVA

P >FP<20

K<120P>20K<120

P<20

K>120P>20

K>120

bu/ac

Elora (5 yrs) 60 c 73 b 68 bc 82 a <0.001

Bornholm (5 yrs) 72 c 80 a 74 bc 78 ab <0.001

Lucan (3 yrs) 83 b 97 a 80 b 95 a <0.001

Ridgetown (4 yrs) 90 b 107 a 95 b 111 a <0.001

Average

17 site-yrs

ALL starters 73 b 87 a 76 b 89 a <0.001

High P+K starter

only 80 b 90 a 84 b 91 a <0.001

Wheat Yield Response Background Fertility

Mean separation within location statistically significant at P=0.05 @cropdoc2 #SWAC17

@WheatPete

Base Fertility

◼ 11 bushel/acre wheat

◼ 4 bushel/acre soybean

◼ 13 bushel/acre corn

◼ 4 bu/ac wheat starter on seed

◼ 0 bu/ac soybean starter

◼ 10 bu/ac wheat starter

Genetic Improvements

Genetics! Wheat….

Updated: November, 2018

y = 1.0504x - 2031.8

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Yie

ld b

u/a

c

137.5

163.5

100

150

200

2003-2007 2013-2017

bu/ac

5-yr average

5-yr average

+19%

Ontario corn yield increase past 10 years

OMAFRA StatisticsAdapted from Horst Bohner

@cropdoc2

38.3

45.7

30

35

40

45

50

2003-2007 2013-2017

bu/ac

5-yr average

5-yr average

+19%

OMAFRA StatisticsAdapted from Horst Bohner

Ontario soybean yield increase past 10 years

@cropdoc2

@WheatPete

Wheat Genetic Gain…

10%

Progress in Corn Yields

Elora Performance Trials

1990 = 117 average, 140 highest



@WheatPete

Photosynthesis…

◼ C3 plants

◼ Photorespiration

◼ Glycolate (toxic)

◼ Tobacco

◼ 40% Biomass increase….

@WheatPete

Genetics

◼ Mapping the wheat genome

◼ RNAi

◼ Crispr/Cas9

@WheatPete

Stand Uniformity

@WheatPete

UNIFORMITY!!!

@WheatPete

Treatments

18

Treatments

18

Uniform Spacing

and Emergence

Uniform Emergence

With Double

Uniform Spacingwith Late Emerger

(10 Days)

@WheatPete

@WheatPete

Emergence

DayNo Cover Clover Plant Green

# plants # plants # plants

1 10.5 10.5 7.2

2 8.5 8.0 8.1

3 9.6 7.2 8.8

4 2.3 4.3 3.6

5 1.3 1.2 2.4

Late 0.6 1.2 1.3

Total 32.9 32.4 31.4

Average 6 sites Johnson McClure 2017

@WheatPete

Growth

Average 6 sites Johnson McClure 2017

Day No Cover Clover Plant Green

Leaf Tip Leaf Tip Leaf Tip

1 10.1 10.1 9.8

2 10.0 9.9 9.2

3 9.7 9.6 9.1

4 9.4 9.2 9.0

5 8.9 8.5 7.2

Late 8.9 7.8 7.2

@WheatPete

YIELD!

Emerg (Day)No Cover Clover Plant Green Ave Ave

Yield Yield Yield Yield (g) %loss

1 153 160 157 157

2 143 150 147 147 6.4

3 138 142 143 141 10.1

4 121 133 145 133 15.2

5 92 96 97 95 39.5

Late 86 82 86 85 46.0

Average 6 sites Johnson, McClure 2016, 2017

Impact of Planting Depth on Corn Emergence Timing

0

20

40

60

80

100

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

1.5" Depth 3.0" Depth

Furrow Moisture and Emergence Window (EW)

20% benchmark

72-hr window

S. Late M. Late On Time

Emergence

Days After

First

Emergence% Pod Loss

On Time 0-3 0%

Moderately Late 4-7 38%

Severely Late 8-9 50%

Emergence

Days After

First

Emergence

Numbe

r of

Pods

Estimated

Yield

On Time 0-3 80 62 bpa

Moderately Late 4-7 50 35 bpa

Severely Late 8-9 40 28 bpa

Compaction

Furrow Moisture and Emergence Window (EW)

20% benchmark

72-hr window

Tire Technology

@WheatPete

Compaction Action, Sept, 2017

@WheatPete

[email protected]

[email protected]

Thank you!

to warp drive!! - farmsmart€¦ · greg stewart, maizex seeds @wheatpete different approaches…....

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