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Assessing the diagenesis of northern Perth Basin Permian sandstone

reservoirs using HyLogger spectral data

Presented by

Iain Copp; Consultant Geologist

Lena Hancock; Spectral Geologist

TO CHANGE IMAGERight click and select “Change

Picture…”

Sc

op

e =

Us

er S

WIR

TS

A : K

AO

LIN

; 47

48

Po

ints

; Au

x: S

et M

ine

ral

De

pth

(m)

Count

2637

2640

2643

2646

2649

2652

2655

2658

2661

2664

2667

2670

2673

2676

2679

0 50

Dickite

Kaolinite-P

X

Kaolinite-W

X

Sc

op

e 1

:12

18

8; 7

26

7 P

oin

ts, r=

-0.5

51

; Au

x: W

hite

Mic

a w

22

00

De

pth

(m)

sericite w2200

2637

2640

2643

2646

2649

2652

2655

2658

2661

2664

2667

2670

2673

2676

2679

2195 2210

2210

2207

2204

2201

2198

2195

Sc

op

e 1

:12

18

8; 8

68

0 P

oin

ts, r=

0.1

38

; Au

x: Q

ua

rtz d

ep

th

De

pth

(m)

Quartz depth

2637

2640

2643

2646

2649

2652

2655

2658

2661

2664

2667

2670

2673

2676

2679

0.007 0.179

0.1

78

0.1

44

0.1

1

0.0

76

0.0

42

0.0

08

Sc

op

e =

Ma

sk

(Fin

al M

as

k); 1

12

1 P

oin

ts, r=

0.0

85

2; A

ux

: 17

30

nm

de

pth

De

pth

(m)

1730 nm depth

2637

2640

2643

2646

2649

2652

2655

2658

2661

2664

2667

2670

2673

2676

2679

0.0097 0.0429

0.0

42

6

0.0

36

1

0.0

29

6

0.0

23

0.0

16

5

0.0

1

Sc

op

e =

Us

er jC

LS

T : G

yp

su

m; 8

88

Po

ints

; Au

x: S

et M

ine

ral

De

pth

(m)

Count

2637

2640

2643

2646

2649

2652

2655

2658

2661

2664

2667

2670

2673

2676

2679

0 47

Gy

psu

m

Sc

op

e 1

:12

18

8; 2

43

Po

ints

, r=0

.18

4; A

ux

: Ca

rbo

na

te w

av

ele

ng

th a

t 11

30

0 n

m

De

pth

(m)

Carbonate Height at 11300 nm

2637

2640

2643

2646

2649

2652

2655

2658

2661

2664

2667

2670

2673

2676

2679

0.0058 0.0265

11

58

0.2

11

49

2.5

11

40

4.7

11317

11

22

9.2

11

14

1.5

Sc

op

e =

Us

er jC

LS

T : K

-FE

LD

SP

AR

; 14

0 P

oin

ts; A

ux

: Se

t Min

era

l

De

pth

(m)

Count

2637

2640

2643

2646

2649

2652

2655

2658

2661

2664

2667

2670

2673

2676

2679

0 20

Microcline

Orthoclase

‘A question of sandstone diagenesis…’

What drives porosity and permeability development?

Complex interplay between…

Detrital grain composition, texture, facies, climate, sea-level change, fluid chemistry, temperature, burial depth, mechanical and chemical compaction, uplift history, hydrocarbon emplacement, diagenetic clays and cements…

Northern Perth Basin sandstone reservoirs

NPB Permian reservoirs Dongara–Wagina Sandstones

(e.g. Senecio, Yardarino, Dongara, Mondarra, Beharra Springs, Hovea fields)

High Cliff and ‘Kingia’ Sandstones (Waitsia field)

Facies

Authigenic clays & cements

Depth of burial

ØPrimary porosity controls

Senecio 3

Waitsia 1

Waitsia 1

Senecio 3

Sedimentological and spectral analysis

Sedimentological logging Trace fossil logging (MGPalaeo) Existing petrography (Weatherford Laboratories)

and core plug poro–perm data Additional petrography and XRD Petrophysics* Spectral analysis using HyLogger

Senecio 3

Waitsia 1

Dongara Sst

Wagina Sst

Kockatea Sh

Carynginia Fm

IRCM

Holmwood Sh

‘Kingia sst’

High Cliff Sst

‘Bit basher sh’

Co

reC

ore

HyLogger 3.0 spectral scanner

Rapid (1 metre/30 sec) spectral analysis and imaging system for scanning of drillcore

Produces reflectance spectra in the visible (380–1000 nm), shortwave-infrared (SWIR; 1000–2500 nm), and thermal infrared (TIR; 6000–14 000 nm) parts of the electromagnetic spectrum

Radiowaves

Micro-waves

Infrared Ultra-violet

X-Rays Gammarays

Visible light

107 105 103 10 10-1 wavelength, nm

HyLogger range

DMIRS HyLogger

Approx. 254 000 m scanned to date; approx. 10% petroleum core

Senecio 3 Dongara–Wagina Sandstones

HyLogger – sedimentology – poro–perm relationships

1. Identified hydrocarbons, coincident with:o Core fluorescence zoneo Mod–coarse grainsize, mod–poor sortingo MSF, USF and DC → Skolithos ichnofacieso V. low % late-stage siderite cemento Predominantly dickite–illite zone

Hydrocarbons

Late-stage siderite

MSF, USF & DC faciesSkolithos IF

Dickite (polytypeof kaolinite) & illite


FaciesGrainsize, lithology, sortingSWIR

Illite

Dickite

HCSiderite

(vis.)

Quartz & dickite

SEM image

TIRQuartz ‘depth’ Illite Poro-perm Core GR Ichnology

Illite

Dickite

2. Identified sharp change in diagenetic clays from illite → dickite–illite, coincident with:• LSF → MSF, USF & DC facies• Cruziana to Skolithos ichnofacies

3. Identified sharp change from relatively Al-rich illite to Al-poor, coincident with:• Illite → dickite–illite

Dickite–illite change

Al-rich illite

Al-poor illite


LSF faciesCruziana IF

FaciesGrainsize, lithology, sortingSWIRHCSiderite

(vis.) TIRQuartz ‘depth’ Illite Poro-perm Core GR Ichnology

Illite

Dickite

Quartz & dickite

Quartz spectral absorption ‘depth’

Quartz ‘depth’ & grainsize Ø

Late-stage siderite (vis.)

4. Identified changes in relative abundance of quartz overgrowth cements (QOC)

Quartz grain

Quartz grain

Quartz grain

Quartz grain

Quartz ‘depth’ = Q grains + QOC



K

TQ=92%

Good grainsize proxy

Illite

Dickite

Quartz & dickite





K

17%/82%

14%/78%

18%/91%

14%/82%

Relatively ‘overcemented zones’

Fine sst: ?upwards increase in QOCVisually very cemented

Fine sst: ?higher QOC

Coarse sst: ?higher QOC

Stylolitized zone (localized quartz

cementation)

Illite

Dickite

Quartz & dickite





K

Highest permeability zonePrimary• MSF, USF, DC facies• Low to absent siderite

cement• Dickite & illiteSecondaryInterplay between:• Grainsize (coarse better)• Bioturbation (less better)• ?QOC (equivocal)

Highest porosity zonePrimary• DC & ?SF facies• Low to absent siderite• Lack of stylolites

Cuttings vs core: proof-of-concept

The next question(s)…

Going up a scale, how representative diagenetically is Senecio 3 compared with the rest of the field and also across the Dandaragan Trough?

How does diagenetic variability compare with porosity & permeability?

1. Mostly cuttings available, little core

2. How reliable are HyLogged cuttings in reproducing the spectral response in Senecio 3 core?

3. How do we best HyLogg cuttings?

Senecio 3 cuttings (& cored interval)

Co

re

Kockatea Shale

Caryginia Fm

Wag

ina

San

dst

on

eD

on

gara

Sa

nd

sto

ne

Co

re

HyLogger cuttings scan (5m composites)

HyLogger core scan

Senecio 3 cuttings vs core

Quartz

Quartz

Illite

Illite

Dickite

Dickite

Kaolinite

Ti-oxides

TIR SWIR

TIR SWIR

Aspectral

Irwin 1 (3147m)

Irw

in

1: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (B

in

=3

M

in

Bin

=5

%u

TS

A+

7

.0

5, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

31

60

32

00

32

40

32

80

33

20

33

60

34

00

34

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

CH

LO

RIT

E

INV

ALID

CA

RB

ON

ATE

WH

ITE-M

ICA

Do

ma

in

Irw

in

1_

ts

g_

tir: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (B

in

=3

M

in

Bin

=5

%u

jC

LS

T 7

.0

7, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

31

60

32

00

32

40

32

80

33

20

33

60

34

00

34

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

WH

ITE-M

ICA

OX

IDE

CA

RB

ON

ATE

SIL

ICA

Do

ma

in

Ce

nte

lla

1: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=1

Min

Bin

=5

%u

TS

A+

7.0

5, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

29

60

29

80

30

00

30

20

30

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

CH

LO

RIT

E

INV

AL

ID

WH

ITE

-M

ICA

KA

OL

IN

Do

ma

in

Ce

nte

lla

1_

ts

g_

tir: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=1

Min

Bin

=5

%u

jC

LS

T 7

.07

, Min

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

29

60

29

80

30

00

30

20

30

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

SM

EC

TIT

E

WH

ITE-M

ICA

K-FELD

SPA

R

KA

OLIN

SIL

ICA

Do

ma

in

Ho

ve

a3

: Sp

atia

l Su

mm

ary

(Bin

=0

.5 M

inB

in=

5%

uT

SA

S 7

.0, M

ine

ral S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

19

70

19

80

19

90

20

00

20

10

20

20

20

30

20

40

0 30 60 90

Min

eral

Asp

ectr

al

Gyp

su

m

Calc

ite

Sid

erite

An

kerite

Ch

lorite

-Fe

Mo

ntm

orillo

nite

Ph

en

gite

Mu

sco

vite

Nacrite

Kao

linite

-WX

Kao

linite

-PX

Dic

kite

Ho

ve

a3

_ts

g_

tir: Sp

atia

l Su

mm

ary

(Bin

=0

.5 M

inB

in=

5%

uT

SA

T 7

.0, M

ine

ral S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

19

70

19

80

19

90

20

00

20

10

20

20

20

30

20

40

0 30 60 90

Min

era

l

He

matite

Jaro

site

Gyp

su

m

Calc

ite

Sid

erite

Sm

ectite

-Fe

Para

go

nite

Mu

sco

vite

Illite

Kao

linite

-PX

Kao

linite

Olig

ocla

se

Alb

ite

Orth

ocla

se

Mic

roclin

e

An

orth

ocla

se

Qu

artz

Use w

ith u

nders

tandin

gU

se a

t your o

wn ris

k

Wa

its

ia

1: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (B

in

=1

M

in

Bin

=5

%u

TS

A+

7

.0

5, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

27

30

27

60

27

90

28

20

28

50

28

80

29

10

0 30 60 90

Min

eral

Chlo

rite-Fe

Chlo

rite-FeM

g

Aspectral

Muscovite

Do

ma

in

Wa

its

ia

1_

ts

g_

tir: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (B

in

=1

M

in

Bin

=5

%u

jC

LS

T 7

.0

7, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

27

30

27

60

27

90

28

20

28

50

28

80

29

10

0 30 60 90

Min

eral

Micro

clin

e

Ph

en

gite

Ca

lcite

Orth

ocla

se

Mu

sco

vite

Ru

tile

Qu

artz

Do

ma

in

Waitsia 1 (2746m)

Caryginia Fm

Dickite, illite

Av. log Ø: 7.4%

K (core): <0.1mD

Hovea 3 (1992m)

Dickite

Core

Senecio 3 (2632m)

Av. log Ø: 13.5%

K (core): 0.8 – 2.6mD

Illite

Ha

kia

2: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=1

Min

Bin

=5

%u

TS

A+

7.0

5, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

25

20

25

40

25

60

25

80

26

00

26

20

0 30 60 90

Min

eral

Ph

en

gite

Pa

ra

go

nite

An

ke

rite

Ka

olin

ite-P

X

Sid

erite

As

pe

ctr

al

Ka

olin

ite-W

X

Mu

sco

vite

Dic

kite

Do

ma

in

Ha

kia

2_

ts

g_

tir: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=1

Min

Bin

=5

%u

jC

LS

T 7

.07

, Min

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

25

20

25

40

25

60

25

80

26

00

26

20

0 30 60 90

Min

eral

Calc

ite

Orthocla

se

Muscovite

Rutile

Alb

ite

Mic

roclin

e

Montm

orillo

nite

Kaolin

ite-W

X

Quartz

Do

ma

in

Hakia 2 (2518m)

Dickite

Av. log Ø: 15.5%

Centella 1 (2954m)

Kaolinite (dickite), illite

Av. log Ø: 9.6%

K (core): 1 – 4.6mD

Increasing depth, west to east approx. 12km

Av. log Ø: <9%Av. log Ø: 15.6%

K (core): 123–2078mD

Core

Dongara &

Wagina Sst

Multimin

Petrography (Hovea 3, Senecio 3, Centella 1 & Irwin 1)

Ho

ve

a3

: Sp

atia

l Su

mm

ary

(Bin

=0

.5 M

inB

in=

5%

uT

SA

S 7

.0, M

ine

ral S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

19

70

19

80

19

90

20

00

20

10

20

20

20

30

20

40

0 30 60 90

Min

era

l

Asp

ectra

l

Gyp

su

m

Calc

ite

Sid

erite

An

kerite

Ch

lorite

-Fe

Mo

ntm

orillo

nite

Ph

en

gite

Mu

sco

vite

Nacrite

Kao

linite

-WX

Kao

linite

-PX

Dic

kite

Ho

ve

a3

_ts

g_

tir: Sp

atia

l Su

mm

ary

(Bin

=0

.5 M

inB

in=

5%

uT

SA

T 7

.0, M

ine

ral S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

19

70

19

80

19

90

20

00

20

10

20

20

20

30

20

40

0 30 60 90

Min

era

l

He

matite

Jaro

site

Gyp

su

m

Calc

ite

Sid

erite

Sm

ectite

-Fe

Para

go

nite

Mu

sco

vite

Illite

Kao

linite

-PX

Kao

linite

Olig

ocla

se

Alb

ite

Orth

ocla

se

Mic

roclin

e

An

orth

ocla

se

Qu

artz

Use w

ith u

nders

tandin

gU

se a

t your o

wn ris

k

Ho

ve

a3

: Sp

atia

l Su

mm

ary

(Bin

=0

.5 M

inB

in=

5%

uT

SA

S 7

.0, M

ine

ral S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

19

70

19

80

19

90

20

00

20

10

20

20

20

30

20

40

0 30 60 90

Min

eral

Asp

ectr

al

Gyp

su

m

Calc

ite

Sid

erite

An

kerite

Ch

lorite

-Fe

Mo

ntm

orillo

nite

Ph

en

gite

Mu

sco

vite

Nacrite

Kao

linite

-WX

Kao

linite

-PX

Dic

kite

Ho

ve

a3

_ts

g_

tir: Sp

atia

l Su

mm

ary

(Bin

=0

.5 M

inB

in=

5%

uT

SA

T 7

.0, M

ine

ral S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

19

70

19

80

19

90

20

00

20

10

20

20

20

30

20

40

0 30 60 90

Min

eral

He

matite

Jaro

site

Gyp

su

m

Calc

ite

Sid

erite

Sm

ectite

-Fe

Parag

on

ite

Mu

sco

vite

Illite

Kao

linite

-PX

Kao

linite

Olig

ocla

se

Alb

ite

Orth

ocla

se

Mic

ro

clin

e

An

orth

ocla

se

Qu

artz

Use w

ith u

nders

tandin

gU

se a

t your o

wn ris

k

Irw

in

1: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (B

in

=3

M

in

Bin

=5

%u

TS

A+

7

.0

5, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

31

60

32

00

32

40

32

80

33

20

33

60

34

00

34

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

CH

LO

RIT

E

INV

ALID

CA

RB

ON

ATE

WH

ITE-M

ICA

Do

ma

in

Irw

in

1_

ts

g_

tir: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (B

in

=3

M

in

Bin

=5

%u

jC

LS

T 7

.0

7, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

31

60

32

00

32

40

32

80

33

20

33

60

34

00

34

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

WH

ITE-M

ICA

OX

IDE

CA

RB

ON

ATE

SIL

ICA

Do

ma

in

Irw

in

1: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=3

Min

Bin

=5

%u

TS

A+

7.0

5, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

31

60

32

00

32

40

32

80

33

20

33

60

34

00

34

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

CH

LO

RIT

E

INV

ALID

CA

RB

ON

ATE

WH

ITE-M

ICA

Do

ma

in

Irw

in

1_

ts

g_

tir: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=3

Min

Bin

=5

%u

jC

LS

T 7

.07

, Min

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

31

60

32

00

32

40

32

80

33

20

33

60

34

00

34

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

WH

ITE-M

ICA

OX

IDE

CA

RB

ON

ATE

SIL

ICA

Do

ma

in

Ce

nte

lla

1: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=1

Min

Bin

=5

%u

TS

A+

7.0

5, M

in

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

29

60

29

80

30

00

30

20

30

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

CH

LO

RIT

E

INV

AL

ID

WH

ITE

-M

ICA

KA

OL

IN

Do

ma

in

Ce

nte

lla

1_

ts

g_

tir: S

pa

tia

l S

um

ma

ry (

Bin

=1

Min

Bin

=5

%u

jC

LS

T 7

.07

, Min

era

l S

ub

se

t)

Dep

th

(m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

29

60

29

80

30

00

30

20

30

40

0 30 60 90

Gro

up

SM

EC

TIT

E

WH

ITE-M

ICA

K-FELD

SPA

R

KA

OLIN

SIL

ICA

Do

ma

in

GRTIR SWIR

GRTIR SWIR Kockatea Shale

Illite

GRTIR SWIR

GRTIR SWIR GRTIR SWIR

GRTIR SWIRTIR SWIR

Quartz

Illite

Dickite

Calcite

Kaolinite

Se

ne

cio

Fa

ult

Mounta

in B

ridge F

ault

Kaolinite

>> illite

Calcite

Illite

Provisional interpretations

Shallow–deep, north–south, west–east:

1. Dickite e.g. (Hakia 2) → dickite–illite / illite (e.g. Senecio 3, Irwin 1)

2. Decrease in porosity and permeability: av. log Ø: 16 → 7%, core K: 2078 → 0.1mD

3. Quartz overgrowth cements similar (3 wells; 400m depth difference): 13–16%

Dickite vs illite probably influencing porosity, and particularly permeability

Distribution and proportions of diagenetic clays and cements suggests a combination of shallow and deep diagenetic processes

Dickite

Fibrous illite

Quartz

overgrowth

cement (QOC)

Conclusions

Applications

Well-scaleHigh-resolution stratigraphic/compositional changes in lithology, clays and cements; diagenetic baffles; O/GWC

Field- and regional-scaleLateral variability of facies lithologies and diagenesis; localized diagenetic affects from faults and nearby mudrock units (i.e. silicification, illitization); helps identify significant stratal surfaces (SB, TS, mfs, PB)

Basin-scale…

Basin-scale application: Understanding fluid evolution, fluid flow and diagenesis in sedimentary basins

Collecting HyLogger datasets over entire well intervals (Recent–Palaeozoic) Providing regional profiles of authigenic clays and cements (‘diagenetic profiles’) 3D lithostratigraphic – diagenetic models

Diagenetic profiles record (combined) temporal changes in fluid chemistries related to:

Changes in sediment composition: changes in provenance and depositional environments Changing climate: humid vs arid/semi-arid (greenhouse–icehouse) Changing sea-level : deep and shallow marine, continental (SB, mfs, TS) Tectonism: meteoric influx, dolomitization, hydrothermal fluid expulsion, intrusions Burial histories: rates of burial and uplift, relative temperature changes

Conceptually, when combined with other data (e.g. burial history, isotopes, fluid inclusions, petrography, XRD, formation water chemistry), HyLogger data may help explain regional fluid-evolution, -flow and -stratification, as well as identifying vectors towards enhanced porosity and migration pathways for petroleum and mineralization

Yardarino2: Spatial Summary (Bin=150 MinBin=5%uTSA+ 7.05, Mineral Subset)

Index

Bin % Rel. Weight

03000

60009000

1200015000

1800021000

0 30 60 90

Mineral

Siderite

Kaolinite-PX

MuscoviticIllite

Phengite

Gypsum

Muscovite

Aspectral

Kaolinite-WX

Dickite

Domain

Yardarino2_tsg_tir: Spatial Summary (Bin=150 MinBin=5%Un-edited sjCLST 7.07, Mineral Subset)

Index

Bin % Rel. Weight

03000

60009000

1200015000

1800021000

0 30 60 90

Group

SMECTITE

PHOSPHATE

OTHER-MGOH

CARBONATE

K-FELDSPAR

WHITE-MICA

SULPHATE

PLAGIOCLA...

KAOLIN

SILICA

Domain

COBURN1: Spatial Summary (Bin=5 MinBin=5% uTSAS 7.0, Mineral Subset)

Depth (m)

Bin % Rel. Weight

200400

600800

1000

0 30 60 90

Mineral

Aspectral

PhengiticIllite

Gypsum

Dolomite

Calcite

Siderite

Ankerite

Chlorite-Mg

Montmorillonite

Phengite

Muscovite

Kaolinite-WX

Kaolinite-PX

COBURN1_tsg_tir: Spatial Summary (Bin=5 MinBin=5% uTSAT 7.0, Mineral Subset)

Depth (m)

Bin % Rel. Weight

200400

600800

1000

0 30 60 90

Mineral

Aspectral

Hematite

Gypsum

Magnesite

Dolomite

Calcite

Siderite

Chlorite

Montmorillonite

Muscovite

IlliteKaolinite-PX

Kaolinite

Bytownite

Albite

Orthoclase

Microcline

Quartz

Use with understandingUse at your own risk

COBURN

1: Spati

al Summ

ary (Bi

n=5 Mi

nBin=5

% uTSA

S 7.0, M

ineral S

ubset)

Depth (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

200400

600800

1000

0306090

Mineral

Aspectr

al

Phengiti

cIllite

Gypsum

Dolomite

Calcite

Siderite

Ankerite

Chlorite-

Mg

Montmor

illonite

Phengite

Muscov

ite

Kaolinite

-WX

Kaolinite

-PX

COBURN

1_tsg_ti

r: Spati

al Summ

ary (Bi

n=5 Mi

nBin=5

% uTSA

T 7.0, M

ineral S

ubset)

Depth (m

)

Bin % Rel. Weight

200400

600800

1000

0306090

Mineral

Aspectr

al

Hematite

Gypsum

Magnes

ite

Dolomite

Calcite

Siderite

Chlorite

Montmor

illonite

Muscov

ite

Illite Kaolinite

-PX

Kaolinite

Bytowni

te

Albite

Orthocla

se

Microclin

e

Quartz

Use with

underst

anding

Use at y

our own

risk

HyLogged cuttings

to change image · changing climate: humid vs arid/semi-arid (greenhouse–icehouse) changing...

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