to boldly grow where no lentil has grown...

Red Lentil Production

To Boldly Grow

Where No Lentil has Grown Before!

Mike Hall Research Coordinator ECRF/Parkland College


Effect of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate and Fungicide on Small Red Lentil in

the Black Soil Zone (2016)


Our climate is too moist but 46 cents a pound!

Saskatchewan Pulse Growers: General recommendation • determinate varieties (red and small green), has extended

lentil production into the Black soil zones. • Seed early into 5oC soil is fine. Growing point below

ground. Can recover from early frost. • Target plant population of 130/m2

• 20 lbs/ac P2O5 max with 15% SBU • Treat seed if 5% ascochyta on seed, if 10% don’t use seed • Lentils on soils <15 lbs/ac N may benefit from 10 to 15

lbs/ac started N. >20 lbs/ac N no started N required. >50 lbs/ac N no inoculation may occur.

• Single inoculation is fine. Granular performs best under adverse conditions (ie: dry soil, seed treatment)

• Seed into tall standing stubble. (Swift current: water conservation, higher pods)

Saskatchewan Pulse Growers: General recommendation • Lentils are uncompetitive with weeds.

• Fall 2,4-D or MCPA to control winter annuals (<280 g ai/ha) • Clearfield spray 5-10 node (Odyssey, Solo, Ares) • Edge and trifluralin registered for only fall • Sencor –plant deep don’t use with <4% O.M.

• Desiccants (check current state of MRLS): • Reglone (diquat) 20 ga/ac apply in the evening not the heat

of day. Harvest (4 to 10 days after application) • Good Harvest (glufosinate ammonia) 10 ga/ac minimum but

use 15 to 20 for heavy canopies. Spray early moring or evening when humidity is higher. Harvest (7 to 14 days after application). Spray preharvest glyphosate prior for perennial weed control.

• Heat (saflufenacil) red lentil only. Can be tank mixed with glyphosate for preharvest control of perennial weeds. MRL? 20 ga/ca when appliced alone. Ready (7 to 10 days after application0

• Combine at 18% aerate to 14% and 13% for green and red varieties, respectively

Seeding rate • Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture suggests 130/m2.

• Greater plant stands may increase the risk of foliar diseases, especially in wetter areas. They also suggest wider row spacing may reduce foliar disease development

• Robyne Bowness (Pulse scientist) • Lead studies across 5 soil zones in Alberta

• Optimum seeding rates are closer to 160 seeds/m2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

0 40 80 120 160 200 240

Lbs/

ac

Seeds/m2

Lentil yield response to seeding rate

Seeding rate • Steve Shirtliffe (University of Saskatchewan)

• Evaluating seeding rates of 60, 120, 180,240 and 320 seeds/m2 for large green and red, medium green, small green and red, and extra small red.

• Preliminary findings: optimal stands, higher yields at 180 seeds/m2 regardless of wet or dry years. Sometimes 240 seeds/m2 were best for red lentils.

• In initial studies observed higher yields and greater economic returns with small and extra small lentils at double the recommended seeding rate. However, He did not observe that in 2016 (personal conversation).

Row Spacing • Dr. Manjula Bandara (Pulse research scientist AAFRD)

• Looked at row spacings of 8, 10 and 12 inches.

• Highest yields with • Wider row spacings when conditions are moist

• Narrower row spacings when conditions are dry

• Steve Shirtliffe (University of Saskatchewan) • Less than 12 inches showing increases in crop yield

Treatment List

Trt # Row spacing (inches)

Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)

Fungicide

1 10 160 No fungicide

2 10 160 Priaxor (beginning of flower)

3 10 160 Priaxor (beginning of flower); Headline (5 days later)










Emergence (159 plants/m2)




Treatment List

Trt # Row spacing (inches)

Seeding rate (Seeds/m2)

Fungicide













10” row spacing

20” row spacing

June 28, 2016

10” row spacing

20” row spacing

160 seeds/m2 260 seeds/m2 July 12, 2016

Main Effects of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate and Fungicide on Disease Severity and Yield of Lentil

Main Effects Disease Severity1 (July 28)

Yield bu/ac

Row Spacing (inches)

10 3.5 a 17.3 a

20 2.3 b 18.6 a

Seeding rate (seeds/m2)

160 1.7 a 20.3 a

260 4.0 b 15.6 b

Fungicide

No Fungicide 3.6 a 15.6 a

Priaxor (start of flowering) 2.9 a 17.8 b

Priaxor (start of flowering) Headline (5 days later)

2.1 b 20.5 c

16.3 12.5

20.1

13.4

20.2 15.6

19.6 15.8

22.9

16.6

22.6 19.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

10" Row; 160 s/m2 10" Row; 260 s/m2 20" Row; 160 s/m2 20" Row; 260 s/m2

Yiel

d (

bu

/ac)

No Fungicide Priaxor Priaxor + Headline

3.3

5

1.5

4.8

1.6

5.4

1.4

3.1

1.1

4.5

1.3 1.5

0123456

Dis

ease

(0

-10

) Effect of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate and Fungicide on

Lentil Disease1 lsd=2.08 and Yield lsd =5.25

Conclusions

• Highest yields (22.6 bu/ac) were associated with 20 inch row spacing; 160 seeds/m2 and dual application of fungicide.

• Lowest yield (12.5 bu/ac) were associated with 10 inch row spacing; 260 seeds/m2 and no fungicide.

• Seeding rate and fungicide had the largest affects on disease severity and yield.

• Yields could still be maximized (22.9 bu/ac) on 10 inch row spacing, provided seeding rate did not exceed 160 seeds/m2 and dual fungicide was applied.

• In consideration of past work, we may need to come up with different recommendations for the soil zones. Wider row spacings and lower seeding rates may be more appropriate in the moister black soil zones.


END!


Table 2. Dates of Trial Operations in 2016

Operation Date

Preseed burn-off 0.66 l/ac Roundup Transorb May 3

Seeded May 17

Emergence Counts June 1 & 2

Ares sprayed in-crop cross all treatments June 2

Assure sprayed in-crop cross all treatments June 9

Priaxor sprayed beginning of flowering on trts 2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12 (light rain after app)

July 10

Headline sprayed on trts 3,6,9,12 July 15

Disease ratings July 28

Physiological Maturity

Preharvest glyphosate (0.66 l/ac Roundup Transorb) August 30

Yield (reps 1 and 3) Sept 14

Yield (reps 2 and 4) Sept 15

Effect of Nozzle Selection and Use on Fusarium Headblight Control


Effect of Nozzle Selection and Use on Fusarium Headblight Control • FHB serious disease of wheat

• Only suppressed by fungicide • Coverage may be part of the problem

• Single versus dual nozzles

• Optimum dual nozzle height is low

• In the March 2013 addition of Top Crop Manager, Tom Wolf was quoted as follows: “When you have a high boom, the angle the spray leaves the nozzle at very quickly becomes irrelevant. Air resistance and gravity redirect the spray just to fall vertically, or move with prevailing winds. “

Table 1. Treatment list

Trt # Nozzle type Height Spray Quality

1 Bubblejet 02 Optimum (25”) 40 psi (10 ga/ac-very coarse to coarse)

2 Bubblejet 02 Optimum (25”) 70 psi (13.2 ga/ac – coarse)

3 Bubblejet 02 Too high (36”) 40 psi (10 ga/ac-very coarse to coarse)

4 Bubblejet 02 Too high (36”) 70 psi (13.2 ga/ac – coarse)

5 TADF1 02 Optimum (15”) 40 psi (10 ga/ac-very coarse to coarse)

6 TADF1 02 Optimum (15”) 70 psi (13.2 ga/ac – coarse)

7 TADF1 02 Too high (36”) 40 psi (10 ga/ac-very coarse to coarse)

8 TADF1 02 Too high (36”) 70 psi (13.2 ga/ac – coarse)

9 Unsprayed check n/a n/a

1Turbodrop Asymmetric DualFan with 10o forward spary and 50o rearward spray

Figure 1. Spray Coverage on front and back of head at the Time of Spraying with a Bubblejet 02 Nozzle sprayed at 40 psi to deliver 10 ga/ac

Optimum Height (25“)

Excessive Height (36 “)

Front Back

65.2 bu/ac

Front Back

63.2 bu/ac

Figure 2. Spray Coverage on front and back of head at the Time of Spraying with a TADF 02 Nozzle sprayed at 40 psi to deliver 10 ga/ac

Optimum Height (15“)

Excessive Height (36“)

Front Back

67.7 bu/ac

Front Back

62.7 bu/ac

Table 5 Main Effects of Nozzle Type, Boom Height and Operating Pressure on Wheat

Parameters.

Main Effect Yield (bu/ac)3 Fus damaged heads/

35 ft of row3

FDK (%)3 Protein (%)3 Lodging

(0-10)3

Nozzle type

Bubblejet02 64.2 a 11.5 a 0.26 a 14.1 a 3.1 a

TADF02 65.0 a 10.8 a 0.34 a 14.3 a 3.4 a

Boom height

Optimum 66.5 a 10.1 a 0.25 a 14 a 3.4 a

Excessive (36”) 62.7 b 12.2 a 0.35 b 14.4 a 3.0 a

Operating pressure

40 psi1 64.9 a 11.4 a 0.31 a 14.2 a 3.3 a

70 psi2 64.3 a 10.8 a 0.29 a 14.1 a 3.1 a

Unsprayed4 61.3 14.5 0.38 14.6 3.3

140 psi with a 02 nozzle delivered a “very coarse to coarse” spray at 10 ga/ac

270 psi with an 02 nozzle delivered a “coarse” spray at 13.2 ga/ac

3Mean within main effects followed by the same letter are not significantly different p=0.05

4Unsprayed check for reference, not included in analysis.

Conclusions

• Excessive boom height reduced efficacy of the fungicide on Fusarium head blight and reduced yield. (leaf disease?)

• Nozzle comparisons need to be done at higher travel speeds of 12 mph. (I also want to look at double application)

• There are many factors including prevailing wind direction which may influence coverage. It is worth the investment of water sensitive paper to determine the coverage you are achieving.

Funded By ADOPT

Agricultural Demonstration of Practices and Technologies

Table 2. Dates of Trial Assessments and Operations in 2016

Operation Date

Preseed burn-off 0.66 l/ac Roundup Transorb May 3

Seeded May 5

Emergence Counts May 30

In-crop Simplicity + Prestige May 27

In-crop Axial June 8

Fungicide treatments sprayed with Prosaro June 30

Fusarium assessments July 27

Lodging assessment July 27

Lodging assessment August 5

Harvest August 23

to boldly grow where no lentil has grown...

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