Indonesia ERP’s System

(to be implemented in 2019)

DR. Elly . A. Sinaga, MSc

Former Director General for Greater Jakarta Transport Authority, MoTInstitute of Transportation and Logistics

Trisakti

Brussel Belgium ; March 7, 2019

Road User Charging Conference

Content

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GREATER JAKARTA Motorcycle: 18.5 million units (74% ) Private car: 5.9 million units (24%) Buses : 512 thousand units (2%)

Number of Population : 31 millionNumber of Vehicle : 24.9 million

Jakarta Motor Cycles More Than Population

Population

Motor Cycle

Car

+3100 motor cycle/day…

Population vs Vehicles

CITY AREA (km2)DKI Jakarta 740.30

Bogor 2,489.71 Tangerang 1,274.54

Bekasi 1,694.86 Depok 200.29

EXISTING MASS TRANSIT

No of Pax616.744/day

COMMUTER RAIL(Connecting Greater

Jakarta to downtown)

Number of Passenger1.014.632 /day

BRT

PORTRAIT OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN JABODETABEK

‘Showcase ’ of Services in the Industry

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BUTUH

SERVICE RECOVERY

SERVICE FAILURE‘Poor Service Quality' of:• Safety• Security• Convenience & Comfort• Punctuality• Unscheduled

Unreliable Services

That is NEED

PUBLIC TRANSPORT SHARE TARGET

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PUBLIC TRANSPORT

2016 2019 2024 2029

24% 40% 50% 60%

Presidential Regulation 55/2018 for Greater Jakarta

MRT / Subway

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

DEVELOPMENT

LRT / Monorail

BRT / Busway

Waterways

3 in 1

TRAFFIC RESTRAINT

Road PricingJAKARTA

TRANSPORTATIONMASTERPLAN

Parking Restraint

NETWORK CAPACITY

IMPROVEMENT

Park and Ride

Road Network

Pedestrianized/NMV

ATCS / ITS

THREESTRATEGIES IN

JAKARTA TRANSPORTATION

MASTERPLAN(Governor Decree103/2007)

MASS PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT

BRT/BUSWAY/HOVMRT/HST/

COMMUTER RAILLRT / MONORAIL

• 13 CORRIDOR OPERATED• CORRIDOR 13 (ELEVATED)• JR /RESIDENCE CONNEXION• JA/AIRPORT CONNEXION• HOV/BUS LANE IN TOLL ROAD

(BOS and Contra Flow)

• NORTH-SOUTH CORRIDOR • EAST-WEST CORRIDOR• AIRPORT RAIL• HIGH SPEED TRAIN• DDT (DOUBLE-DOUBLE TRACK)• JABODETABEK COMMUTER RAIL

• 7 LINES LRT DKI JAKARTA, PRIORITY CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT

• DEVELOPMENT OF LRT JABODEBEK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

MASS TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

MRT NORTH - SOUTH PHASE I (LEBAK BULUS - BUNDARAN HI) March2019

MRT NORTH - SOUTH PHASE II (BUNDARAN HI - ANCOL TIMUR) July 2022

LRT Jakarta Gov / JAKPRO (VELODROME - KELAPA GADING) March2019

LRT MoT / ADHI KARYA (CAWANG - CIBUBUR, CAWANG - BEKASI TIMUR, CAWANG - DUKUH ATAS)

March2019

LRT JABABEKA (Bekasi Timur - Delta Mas) 2020

AIRPORT RAILWAY (EXPRESS - VIA PLUIT) 2020

AIRPORT RAILWAY (COMMUTER LINE - VIA BATU CEPER) 2018

HIGH-SPEED TRAIN (JAKARTA – BANDUNG) June 2019

AUTOMATIC PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM ( SOEKARNO HATTA) 2018

MASS TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT TIME FRAME

Push - Pull Policy Transport Demand Management

PUSH_PULL POLICY ACCELERATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SHIFT

MRT development is expected to give high impact to traffic improvement, but needs much cost and time.

Introduction of ERP is the most effective measure which realizes the Jakarta’s goal of easing traffic congestion

Drawn up by JICA Study Team

COST

• Jakarta used to implement a 3 -in- 1Policy (HOV Lane) for 13 years, started in 2003. Limitation of this methods:

- Violations are difficult to detect

- High number of Car Jockey (Paid Extra Passengers)

- The corridors are still highly congested

• Since August 2016, the policy was changed into Odd- EvenPlate, as a transition phase before the ERP will be applied.

à So far good results

• Simultaneously we are now preparing ERP system, in the bidding

phase for contractor and operator (private sector)

TJ 9 30,55%

Corridor Length :

North - South : 9.3 km

East - West : 3.6 km

IndicatorsDuring

Odd-Even

Travel Time -16%

Average Speed 17%

Traffic Volume -15%

BRTPax

TJ 1 32,57%

TJ 6 27,17%

Odd and Even license plate Policy ( July 2016)From 3 in 1 (2003 - 2016) …

Young children (Jockey) observed earning cash by accompanying drivers within the zone

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ERP

q It is one of the traffic restrictionsstrategies, which are supposed to replacethe 3 in 1 or Odd Even policy.

q ERP is a 'congestion charging' that isimposed on private vehicles on certainroads and at certain times.

q ERP systems are organized in order tomanage traffic needs to improve theefficiency and effectiveness of the use ofroad spaces and control road traffic.

q The results of acceptance of theimplementation of ERP System will beused only for the cost of improving mass-based public transport services andimproving the performance of roadtraffic (earmarking policy).

Map of the Traffic Restriction Plan (Local Regulation no 1 thn 2012)

Government Regulation (PP) No. 32/2011 for Traffic Management and Engineering : A necessary step for implementing ERP in Jakarta’s CBD.

This regulation ensures that the local government will be the one to determine the technical and regulatory aspects of the their local ERP implementation.

2017Open tender

2018Contract Signing

&Construction

(1 – 1,5 y)

2019Phase I

Implementation/ Operation

2021Phase II

Implementation/ Operation

TIME LINE

Impact of ERP

Vehicle Usage ERP Reduced

Congestion

Reduced Urban Sprawl

Improved Mobility

Fuel Saved

Local Income

Public Transport Fund

Reduced Pollution

SITRAMP, in 2002, estimated the short term benefits of ERP implementation.

The benefit is measured in the form of savings in Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC) and Passenger Traveling Time Cost (TTC).

Based on SITRAMP’s assessment results, by charging 8,000 IDR (80c USD) will result in total savings of 390 billion Rupiah for the year of 2007, which accounts for 0.7% of Jakarta’s estimated GDP.

Approximately 41% of the total savings (around 160 billion rupiah) was from TTC savings and the rest was in the form of VOC savings.

Long-term Effect of Private-mode CBD Cordon ERP

Based on the simulation results presented, all private-mode road pricing results in reduced residential and employment levels in the CBD+SBD area

X-axis: toll levels in thousands rupiah Y-axis: % of change in the number of residents/workers

Long-term Effect of Car-only CBD Cordon ERP

Based on the simulation results presented in most toll levels, CBD+SBD residential and employment will increase. However, at 15K IDR it is found that, residential level will be reduced. X-axis: toll levels in thousands rupiah

Y-axis: % of change in the number of residents/workers

Simulation Results Comparing Private mode and Car(at 15K IDR/1.5USD and 5K IDR/0.5USD for cars and motorcycles, respectively)

Note : Sign (+) and (-) in long term impact session indicate Concentration and dispersion effect in Jakarta (CBD+SBD Zones Respectively)

Simulation Conclusion and Limitations

• Simpler tolling system alternatives that focus on cars only have a high performance (less urban sprawl) relative to that of the tolling system that targets both the private car and the motorcycle users.

• Average daily Travel time saving also higher if ERP focus on cars only.

• In addition, the limited public bus service burdens the users in the form of the crowding cost of the public bus. By provide enough capacity on Public transport , it is expected that Motorcycle riders will shift to this more efficient mode, so making traffic will be easier.

• The simulation is done in 2015 (based on a study done in 2002), many of the assumptions made then needs to be updated to reflect present conditions.

According to Local Government Regulation No5/2015 ERP will be implemented only for 19,2 Km roadway for the first phase.

The ERP can be conducted if multiple (more than one choice ) public transportation are operated at the corridor/area. So it will be implemented after MRT are launched.

ERP Specification defined by Governor Regulation No.149/2016 which defined that ERP system should use the technology of Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) with frequency of 5,8 GHz.

In October 2016 Indonesia’s Competition Commission (KPPU) found that by specifying the use of DSRC with 5.8Ghz frequency reduces competition significantly, allowing only certain vendors to compete in the tender.

Whit this, the previous regulation was revised by a new Governor Regulation No.25/2017, allowing the use of any technology as long as:• It has been implemented successfully in other countries with good

results, • Obtained a certification from the Ministry of Communication and

Information and • Can be used for other purposes (e.g. parking, toll payment)

The cost to build this system will be between IDR 4-5 trillion (USD 300-400 million).

ERP tender still on progress, it is coming to a short list of 3 companies.