tmsr project of cas - thoriumenergyalliance.comtmsr project of cas tmsr ---thorium molten salt...
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TMSR Project of CAS
Xiaohan Yu, TMSR Research Center, CAS
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
UCB, Mar. 18, 2012
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
OUTLINE Overview of the CAS TMSR Project
Mission of the Project TMSR Center, CAS
Main Activities in 2011
The Future of TMSR Project Thorium Utilization
Energy for Reducing Co2 What We Want to Do?
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
OUTLINE Overview of the CAS TMSR Project
Mission of the Project TMSR Center, CAS
Main Activities in 2011
The Future of TMSRProject Thorium Utilization
Energy for Reducing Co2 What We Want to Do?
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Nuclear Energy in China Nuclear energy only consist of about 1% of the primary
energy in China, the installed capacity of nuclear power plant is about 10GW in 2011.
China's will "actively promote the development of nuclear power". It is estimated that the ratio of nuclear energy in primary enery will increase to 5% with installed capacity reach 80GW by 2020.
Precently, nuclear-power technologies as well as key components of power plants in China are mainly imported, from several countries. Nuclear power technology should be developed rapidly in China.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Nuclear Energy Research in CAS China's first power plant (QinShan-I) started in Shanghai
Institute of Nuclear Research, CAS. After that, the CAS stay away from the fission energy field for about 30 years. The CAS decide to engage in the R&D of fission energy again.
Under the approval of the Central Government, CAS initiated “Innovation 2020” program and deployed first group of four "Strategetic Pioneer Sci.&Tech". Projects in the begining of 2011. One of them is “advanced nuclear fission energy of tomorrow”, which includes TMSR and ADS. aimed to "sustainable fuel supply" and "nuclear waste management".
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
TMSR Project of CAS TMSR ---Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Nuclear
Energy System. Mission of the project:
• R&D of molten salt reactor technologies for Thorium utilization. • R&D of technologies for multipurpose application of nuclear
energy, with emphasis on low C energy. Events
• Jan. 2011: TMSR proposal was approved by CAS. • May 2011: TMSR Research Center was established in Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), CAS. • Sept. 2011: The research plan and buget for the first 5 years have
been aproved.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Five year goal The 5 year goal of TMSR project includes two
parts:
Build experimental reactors for R&D of TMSR technologies. (Identify critical issues, test reactor design, test key components etc...)
Built up R&D abilities (include research conditions, key techniques and research team etc.) for future TMSR deveopment.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Five year goal: R&D Abilities
of TMSR reactor design and development. • Reactor core design: neutron physics, thermal hydraulics... • Engineering design and construction. • Key tecnologies and components.
of salt production technique and molten salt loop techniques.
• Separation of 7Li. • Purification of fluoride salt. • Design and construction of molten salt loops. • Development of key components for molten salt loop.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Five year goal: R&D Abilities
of Th/U fuel techonology, both in the front end and back end of fuel cycle.
• Production of nuclear-grade Thorium fuel (both fluoride and oxide). • Online chemical separation of actinides and fission product. • Offline process for chemical separation.
of materials for TMSRs. • Production, processing and testing of structure materials TMSR
(Hastalloy-N, Graphite etc.). • carbon-based structure materials and components for TMSR • Effect and mechanism of material degrading under service condition.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Five year goal: R&D Abilities
of developing safety codes and licensing .
of developing systems for multiple applicationof high temperature energy.
• High temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production. • Methanol synthesis by CO2+H2 • Front end of Brayton power conversion cycle. • Molten salt based solar heat collection.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
TMSR Center Board of TMSRBoard of TMSR
SINAP
International Advisory Committee
Science and Technology Advisory Committee
Center of TMSRCenter of TMSR
CASCAS
SupportingSupportingfacilitiesfacilities
Reactor PhysicsAnd Engineering
Reactor Phys.
Reactor Phys.
Reactor E
xp.R
eactor Exp.
Reactor Structure
Reactor Structure
Reactor C
ontrol andR
eactor Control and
Digital R
eactorD
igital Reactor
Chemistry and Engineering of Molten Salts
Therm
otechnicalT
hermotechnical
Molten Salts C
ircle M
olten Salts Circle
System
System
Properties of Molten
Properties of Molten
SaltSalt
Molten Salts R
efiningM
olten Salts Refining
Radioactive Chemistry
and EngineeringReactor C
hem.
Dry-process
Dry-process
Wet-process
Wet-process
Radiochem
istry R
adiochemistry
FacilitiesFacilities
Radiation chem
istryR
adiation chemistry
Nuclear Materialsand Engineering
Alloy technique
Alloy technique
Nuclear graphite
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics
of Materials
of Materials
Irradiation and Irradiation and corrosioncorrosion
New
Materials
New
Materials
Nuclear Safety and Engineering
Nuclear critical Safety
Nuclear critical Safety
Radiation and
Radiation and
Environm
entE
nvironment
Wastes Processing
Wastes Processing
AdministrationAdministration OfficeOffice
DIVISIONsDIVISIONs
Phys. of Th-U Fuel
TMSR Physics
TMSR Engineering
Platform of TMSR Design
Platform of TMSR Exp.
Producing of ThF4Chemical Process in
TMSROn-line Dry-process
Wet-process of Fuel
Platform of Fuel Circle
Nuclear Safety
Radiation Safety
Wastes ProcessingNuclear Health and
EnvironmentResearch Platform
Producing and Chemistry
Processing and Refining Circle System and thermotechnical
Platform of Producing and Refining
Exp. Platform of Molten Salts Circle System
Thermoelectric conversion
Engineering Physics of Materials
Structural Materials
Other TMSR Materials Fabricating and
Processing platform Evaluating and Testing
platform High temperature
electrolysis
SINAP
SIOC
CIAC
SIC
SARI
IMR
GroupsGroups
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
CAS Institutes Involved in TMSR Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP) Take resposible of the whole project. Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry R&D of 7Li isotope separation technologies, purified to 99.995%. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute R&D of technologies for purified fluoride salt (FLiBe) productio. R&D on high temperature electolysis, Brayton cycle. Institute of Metal Research R&D on fabrication and processing of TMSR structure materials. Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry R&D on Thorium fuel production.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
TMSR team at SINAP (Nov. 2011)
32
60
6516
16
79
依托单位TMSR队伍来源(共268人)Team Composition (268 people in total)
Graduate Students From SSRF
From Basic Science Field
Emeriti
Part-Time
New Hired
Now 336 people in SINAP and 96 people in other Institutes
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
TMSR Team Planning Name Y2015 Y2020
Reactor Physics And Engineering 130 300
Chemistry and Engineering of Molten Salts
112+53 400
Radioactive chemistry and Engineering 128+12 350
Nuclear Materials and Engineering 100+45 200
Nuclear Safety and Engineering 100 150
Supporting facilities 50 60
Administrative Staffs 20 40
TOTAL 750 1500
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Activities of TMSR Center in 2011
Established research team, recruit manpower and training.
Set up laborotaries and establish research conditions.
Start Conceptual design of TMSR Start R&D on some key technologies. Start international cooperation
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Design Platform
Computing Center for TMSR Design
Goal after 3 years: Calculating speed:160 trillion
/s (Rpeak) Storage capability:1PB
2011: Calculating speed:40 trillion /s Storage capability:400TB
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Design Platform
Reactor core design
MCNP+Origen WIMSD+SN
CITATION
DRAGON+NTACM DRAGON+CINSF Transient
analysis
RiskSpectrum
NGFM
CASMO-SIMULATE3
FMTCHK、HSICC、GTOL、 RAOLST、ENSDAT
RELAP
ANSYS
FEMAP
NJOY
NuclearData evaluation processing
FLUENT
SOLIDEDGE, AUTOCAD
Mechanics Thermal hydraulics
Safty analysis
TMSR design and analysis
Based on Further development of
commercial available codes.
熔盐堆物理分析和优化框架
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Conceptual Design of the Experimental Reactor
Power: 2MW Salt: LiF-BeF2-U(Th)F4 Reactor core size:
~Φ 140cm×160cm Out let temperature:~660 ℃
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Structure design
Plan A:square
直径 33 高
电池间 维护车间
维护操作室
废液室
储存间
净化室 燃料处理室
公用室
办公室
排放罐室
燃料盐储存罐 排放罐1 排放罐2 冲洗罐热交换器 热屏 冷却盐排放罐
冷却泵
反应堆
燃料泵
特别设
备间
通风管
维护隧道
中子探测管
通风排
放间
化学
实验室
φ
φ
入口
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Neutronics Negative temperature reactivity coefficient
Action of control rod when stop pump
Transient analysis of natural circle
Distribution of delayed neutron precursor
Reactivity analysis when insert activity
Action of control rod when start pump
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Thermal Hydraulic Analysis
冷凝器
给水箱
汽包
蒸汽管路
排气管道
熔盐罐
冷却塔
水塔
Passive decay heat removal
pressure distribution
Analysis of flew field inside the reactor vessel
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Nuclear data evaluation and process Established procedure for evaluating and processing neutron cross-
section used in TMSR. Neutron data:232,233,234Th、232,233,234Pa、232,233,234U activation section:233Pa (n,γ)234gPa、 233Pa (n,γ)234mPa、233Th(n, γ) Decay data:233,234Th、233,234,234mPa
233Th β-, T1/2= 22.3m, ENDSF: 21.83m Nucl.Wallet Card
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Molten Salt Chemistry 1 6Li/7Li extraction Established Laboratory Synthesize more than 20 new
Extractants separation factor :EZ-01,α = 1.012 EZ-02,α = 1.019
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Molten Salt Chemistry 2
Molten salts preparation Establish laboratory for Molten salts
preparation FLiNaK:melting point: 456-458℃; oxygen
content: 100-500ppm
HF +M2O
NH4F HForMOHM2CO3
MF
M = Li, Na, K
MOH MFNH4HF2 +
产率: >90%纯度: >99.9%
M = Li, Na, K
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Experimental Platform for Molten salt Thermal Hydraulic study
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Materials Alloy made in Lab. according to composition of Hastalloy-N
编号 Cr Fe Mo Si C Mn Al+Ti Cu Co W B O N P S
手册
6/8
<5
15 /17 <1 <
0.08 <0.8 <0.35 <0.35 <0.2 <0.5 尽量低(ppm)
1# 7.5
4.2 16.4 0.02 0.032 0.4 0.11 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <8 9 5 13 8
2# 7.5
4.0 16.4 0.02 0.041 0.44 0.14 0.01 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <8 9 12 14 8
3# 7.5
4.3 16.6 0.02 0.055 0.44 0.15 0.01 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <8 9 6 15 14
Extensive tests on the lab. made alloy and Hastelloy-N indicate that the lab. made alloy has the same performance as Hastelloy-N, such as corrosion, tensile property and stress rupture porperty etc.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Organizational Overview The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) Nuclear Energy Cooperation Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
MOU Executive Committee Co-Chairs China – Mianheng Jiang (CAS) 江绵恒
U.S. – Pete Lyons (DOE)
Nuclear Fuel Resources – Zhimin Dai (SINAP, CAS) 戴志敏 Biao Jiang (SARI,CAS) 姜标 – Phil Britt (ORNL) John Arnold (UC-Berkeley)
Molten Salt Coolant Systems – Hongjie Xu (SINAP, CAS) 徐洪杰 Weiguang Huang (SARI,CAS) 黄伟光 – Cecil Parks (ORNL) Charles Forsberg (MIT)
Technical Coordination Co-Chairs China – Zhiyuan Zhu (CAS) 朱志远
U.S. – Stephen Kung (DOE)
Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems * – Zhiyuan Zhu (CAS) 朱志远 Yuhan Sun (SARI,CAS) 孙予罕 – Steven Aumeier (INL)
* Work scope governed by DOE-CAS Science Protocol Agreement
SINAP :Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics SARI: Shanghai Advanced Research Institute ORNL: Oak Ridge National Laboratory INL: Idaho National Laboratory MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology UC-Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
OUTLINE Overview of the CAS TMSR Project
Mission of the Project TMSR Center, CAS
Main Activities in 2011
The Future of TMSR Project Thorium Utilization
Energy for Reducing Co2 What We Want to Do?
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
China's Nuclear Fuel Sustainability?
China's proven deposits of uranium is 170,000 tons, about 3% of the world's total. (data from WNA)
In 2010, 95% of Uranium ore used was imported from other country.
R&D efforts: • Fussion energy research, long time effort. • Fast neutron reactor. Experimental reactor at
China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIEA). • Thorium utilization. for example, TMSR Project
at CAS.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
About Thorium
Unlike other energy sources, China’s reserves of Thorium, may ensure the major domestic energetic supply for many centuries to come. For instance the whole China’s today electricity (3.2 Trillion kWh/year) could be produced during ≈20’000 years by well optimized Th reactors and 8,9 million ton of Th, a by-product of the China's REE basic reserves.
CONCLUSION –C.Rubia
Thermal region Fast region
η = 2
Liquid sodium
Resonance (super thermal) region
Molten salt Possible Th232/U233 methods
only fast neutron is suitable to U238/Pu239
Liquid lead
China has much higher reserves of Th than U.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Reactors Well Suited for Th Fuel Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs): Very well suited for
thorium fuels High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTRs): Well suited
for thorium-based fuels. Fast Neutron Reactors (FNRs): Thorium can serve as a fuel
component, but no advantage compared to U238. Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs): These reactors are still at the
design stage, but will be very well suited for using thorium as a fuel. (fully recycled)
The use of thorium as a new primary energy source has been a tantalizing prospect for many years. Extracting its latent energy value in a cost-effective manner remains a challenge, and will require considerable R&D investment. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf62.html
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Previous Practice of Th Utilization in China
Heavy Water Reactor: QinShan Phase III import 2 CANDU-6. Exploit Thorium fuel by international cooperation. Build 2 Th reactor sets.
High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTRs): HTRs developed by TsingHua University(PB-HTGR) has attemped to use Th-U fuel.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
CO2 Problem of China
China has become one of the countries with highest CO2 emmision.
China fase high enviroment pressure of CO2 emmision. The Government promised to reduce the CO2 emmision of unit GDP by 40-45% by 2020, compared to 2005.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Clean Energy?
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
The CAS has made a lot of effort in "high efficiency and low CO2 emmision utilization of coal". Coal to Liquid (CTL)/Coal to Chemicals (CTC)
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Carbon Neutral Cycle
1. Carbon neutral cycle is one way to solve energy and environment problems. 2. Methanol producing from CO2 and H2 is the key technology. 3. Hydrogen should get from clean energy. 4. The efficiency of methanol production from CO2 should be improved.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Hydrogen Production
Goal of Hydrogen Economy
Typical high-temperature electrolysis cell configuration
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
The Opportunities Nuclear Energy
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
What We Want to DO? Nuclear Energy、Hydrogen、Methanol
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
MSRs: the reactors of choice
Back to the Mission of TMSR project: R&D of molten salt reactor technologies for
Thorium utilization. R&D of technologies for multipurpose application
of nuclear energy, with emphasis on low C energy. High temperature and high temperature stability, high power.
Molten salt reactors are good Choice.
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
MSR Family
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
AHTR (FHR) - will come sooner?
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
TMSRs to be Considered Fuel cycle Once through (open):U ,
Th fuel。 Once through cycle with
high temperature reactors. Modified open cyle:Deep-
burn concept (one-, two-, or multiple-pass), U, Th fuel, higher conversion ratio and fuel utility ratio.
Full recycle (fully closed):very high conversion ratio or breeding?。
(Pebble-bed) AHTR: for high temperature NE and Intermediate goal for Th
utilization.
MSR, More challenging: Ultimate goal for Th utilization and high
temperature NE
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Site Plan of TMSR New Energy Park (Dafeng)
Seawater Desalination
Methanol Production
Electrolysis
Brayton Cyc.
Nuclear Energy Zone
2MWTMSRs
100MWTMSRs
1GW+TMSRs
Online Reprocessing
Th
H2O
Electricity
H2
H2O
O2Coal
CO2
Methanol、CO
Grid
H2Pipe
Gasoline Prod.
Alkene Prod.
Ethanol Prod.
Water Supply
Elec.
H2
Ethanol
Gasoline
Alkene
O2-Rich Coal Power
New Energy Research Park at Dafeng
TMSR Basic Research Park at SINAP
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
CSP using Molten Salt- before TMSRs are Available
Concentrating Solar Power are developing rapidly in China. Several industrial project are being constructed in nothwest China, regions with rich solar power and sparse population.
Working media: oil Purpose: Generate electricity Problems of CSP: Stability? Energy
Storage? In this project, we will exploit molten salt CSP as primary energy for
Carbon Neutral Cycle, rather than for electricity. Molten Salt CSP near coal power plant?
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Hydrogen Production by High temperature SOEC Experimental platform in SINAP
Goal of Hydrogen Economy
We cooperate with a group from Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, CAS. We are designing a 30 unit cells SOEC stack module for small scale HTE research. The stack will be installed and tested in soon. Target of the project: 50KW HTE Methanol Production: 1Kg/hour Period: 2012-2015
2012/03/12 Xiaohan Yu
Thank you for your
attention!