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WOMAN’S BEHAVIOR AS A LADY IN ANNE GRACIE’S THE STOLEN PRINCESS
A. ArifWangsa
F211 09 013
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of LettersHasanuddin University
In Partial Fulfillment to Obtain SarjanaSastra Degree
In English Department
FACULTY OF LETTERS
HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
MAKASSAR
2013
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmanirrahiim. Alhamdulillahirabbilalamin. All the
praises thanks be to the One to Whom all dignity, Allah SWT, for endowing
the writer with health, patience, and knowledge to complete this thesis.
Peace and blessing of Allah SWT be upon all the prophets and
messengers, especially on Muhammad s.a.w, the last of the prophets and
on all who follow him in righteousness.
First and foremost, the writer’s gratitude is deeply paid to his
supervisor’s Prof. Drs. H. Burhanuddin A. M.Hum, Ph.D and Abbas,
S.S, M.Hum for their constant guidance, support, motivation and untiring
help in completing this thesis. The writer is extremely grateful to have
these lecturers as his supervisors as the writer has experienced first hand
their extensive knowledge of literary works from their lectures that the
writer attended.
Second, the writer would like to thank his examiners Drs. M. Amir
P, M.Hum and Drs. Husain Hasyim, M.Hum. The writer is very grateful
for all the valuable criticism and suggestions and the writer believes that it
has greatly improved his thesis.
Very special and great thanks the writer dedicated to the writer’s
beloved family. The writer is especially grateful to his dearest parents, Dra.
Hj. A. Bulkis and Drs. A. Syamsul Hilal, M.E for the sincere, endless
love, and prayers to the writer. This thesis is dedicated for both of them.
Also thanks to the writer’s brothers, A. Ashabul Kahfi and A. Afrizal in
the writer’s little family.
Many thanks is also directed to the writer’s friends in A2KT
Family, Komunitas Pokemon Indonesia (POIN), PERISAI-UH, and
Redemption (Embryonic) ‘09. To the writer’s best college friends Eva,
Azlam, Sapta, Farid, Mega, Desty, Irma, Ananda, Fitri, Fitrah, Saras,
Ulfah, Farid, Wisnu, Asnibar, Usyi, and Fadhel, who always being with
him to share laugh and happiness. The writer had experienced many
unforgettable moments with them since their togetherness at the first year
in English Department. To the writer’s sibling best friends, Fajar and Linda
who are always being the writer’s good brother and sister, and for his
freaky friend Rizal and Alifia, thank you for being the color in the writer’s
life. Also thanks to Vicky, Rinaldy, Ajeng, Khatimah, Agus, Yaya, and
Maghfirah for the countless interesting experiences.
This thesis is still far from being perfect. Therefore, constructive
criticism and suggestion are highly appreciated for the improvement of this
writing.
Makassar, 2 November 2013
The Writer
ABSTRAK
A. ARIF WANGSA. 2013. Woman’s Behavior as A Lady in Anne Gracie’s “The Stolen Princess”, (dibimbing oleh Burhanuddin Arafah dan Abbas).
Tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebiasaan Princess Caroline sebagai perempuan kelas atas atau lady di Inggris dan juga refleksinya pada kondisi sosial perempuan Inggris abad ke-19. Karya fiksi ini membahas tentang refleksi perilaku perempuan pada abad ke-19 di Inggris.
Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan Strukturalisme Genetika dengan focus analisis pada unsur sastra itu sendiri (intrinsik) dan kondisi sosial perempuan kelas atas atau lady di Inggris pada abad ke-19 dalam hal perilaku, sikap, dan etiketnya dalam masyarakat pada saat itu. Data primer diperoleh dari novel Anne Gracie berjudul The Stolen Princess dan data sekunder diperoleh melalui pembacaan beberapa buku dan artikel dari internet yang berkaitan dengan objek penulisan.
Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa perilaku, sikap, dan etiket yang baik pada seorang lady merupakan hal yang sangat penting di Inggris pada masa itu. Princess Caroline sebagai tokoh utama dalam novel merupakan refleksi kondisi sosial perempuan kelas atas di Inggris pada abad ke-19.
ABSTRACT
A. ARIF WANGSA. 2013. Woman’s Behavior as A Lady in Anne Gracie’s “The Stolen Princess”, (supervised by Burhanuddin Arafah and Abbas).
This research aims to reveal the behavior of Princess Caroline as an upper-class woman or a lady in England and its reflection to the social condition of England women in the 19th century. This fiction discusses about the reflection of England women’s behavior in 19th century.
In doing this research, the writer applied the Genetic Structuralism Approach focusing the analysis on the intrinsic elements of the work and the upper-class woman or lady in the 19th century England in terms of behavior, manner, and etiquette in the society. The primary data are taken from The Stolen Princess novel by Anne Gracie, while the secondary data are taken by reading several books and articles from the internet that related to the object of writing.
The result of analysis indicated that the good behavior, manner, and etiquette of a lady were very important in England. Princess Caroline’s behavior as the main character of the novel was the reflection of the upper-class woman’s social condition in 19th century England.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title i Legitimacy Page ii Approval Page iii Agreement Page iv Acknowledgements v Abstrak vii Abstract viii Table of Contents x
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background 1
B. Identification of the Problems 4
C. Scope of Problems 4
D. Statement of Problems 5
E. Objectives of the Writing 5
F. Sequence of the Writing 5
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Previous Studies 7
B. Novel 8
C. Genetic Structuralism Approach 10
1. Intrinsic Elements of Novel 12
a. Character 12
b. Plot 15
c. Setting 16
d. Theme 17
2. Extrinsic Elements of Novel 18
a. The Woman’s Behavior of England in 18
19th Century
b. Background of the Author Related to 21
the Fiction
D. Definition of Woman’s Behavior 22
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY
A. Methodological Design 24
1. Qualitative Method 25
2. Descriptive Analysis 26
B. Method of Collecting Data 26
1. Primary Data 27
2. Secondary Data 27
C. Method of Analyzing Data 27
D. Procedure of Research 28
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS
A. Intrinsic Elements of Fiction 29
1. Character 29
2. Plot 56
3. Setting 66
4. Theme 68
B. The Woman Behavior of Main Character in 70
The Stolen Princess
C. The Social Condition of Princess Caroline 77
Reflected in England Women in 19th Century
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion 83
B. Suggestion 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY 86
APPENDIX 1. SYNOPSIS OF THE STOLEN PRINCESS
APPENDIX 2. BIOGRAPHY OF ANNE GRACIE
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Literature has close connection with human’s life. As human’s
foundation of life, literature and human can not be separated. It has ability
to give readers a journey and human can obtain some life experiences
from literary works. As Teeuw mentioned about literature and human is:
“Good literature recreates the sense of life, it is weight and texture. It recreates the experimental wholeness of life of the life emotions, the life of the mind, the individual life and social life, the object in the world. It creates their things all together and interpreting, as they do in the lives we live immediacy of life” (1984: 237).
Teeuw tried to explain that a good literature would give some
messages that has social value, history, culture, and some knowledge that
relate between literary works and human’s life to the readers.It indicates
on how literature to take important role in human’s and social life.
Literary works are usually divided in to three genres, those are
drama, poetry, and prose. Compared with the others two genres, such as
poetry and drama, prose is more interesting to be discussed for college
students majoring in literature because it is imaginative literary work with
poetical narrating and sometimes the dialogue formed as well as a drama.
In this modern age, novel is a literary work of the most widely
circulated and read by the public. In addition, novel is so much interesting
because it can inspire the readers of good morality. For example in Anne
Gracie’s novel The Stolen Princess that explained the women’s behavior
in the royal family of 19th century England.
Anne Gracie’s novel The Stolen Princess is a contemporary
literature novel. The story is about Caroline (Callie), princess of Zindaria
kingdom that escape and grab her son prince Nicholas to her birthplace
when someone tried to kill him. During her journey in the escape from
Count Anton who wanted to kill her son, Callie told some behaviors of her
in Zindaria Kingdom. As a lady or princess, Callie behaved differently with
commoners outside the royal family. Some of behaviors that showed her
social status as a lady are she is forbidden to smile and talk to commoners
unless it is very necessary. She also forbidden to look after her own son
since it became maid’s duty in the royal family. But, the normal rule that
women has their rights to look after their children as a mother.
In 19th century, women in England are lived with many rules. The
etiquette expected for a woman during the Victorian era depended largely
on which social class they belonged to. Those who lived as members of
the upper classes received knowledge since birth on how to behave like a
lady. Lower class women held more leeway in regard to behavioral
standards for that time period. Middle class females had a bit more
freedom. However, mothers and guardians generally encouraged them to
learn proper etiquette. Polite conversation also had a set of rules for girls
to follow for interacting with mixed company. A polite young lady was told
never to speak loudly or with vulgarity in the company of anyone,
especially with a gentleman who would be offended by her crudeness.
Conversation etiquette dictated that an individual should not speak of her
family's private matters with another person not related or outside of the
home. Girls and boys alike were also taught that it was inappropriate to
note when someone had misspoken or used a word incorrectly.
There were already a handful of thesis analyzing England women in
the English Department of Hasanuddin University, but most of them are
not analyzing about women’s behavior as a lady or princess. For that
reason, the writer chooses The Stolen Princess novel and uses genetic
structuralism approach for this work. The writer thinks it is important to add
a variety in analyzing England women in 19th century as a purpose to give
a better understanding to fellow students and other people reading this
thesis by using genetic structural analysis.
Based on the description above, the writer has determined to
identify further women’s behavior as a lady or princess in 19th century of
England that reveals in Anne Gracie’s The Stolen Princess. The writer
inclines to bring the title of this thesis as ”Woman’s Behavior as A Lady in
Anne Gracie’s The Stolen Princess”.
B. Identification of the Problems
After reading the novel, the writer found several problems. So, in
this analysis,the writer identifies some problems as follows:
1. The woman main character behavior as a lady (princess) of Zindaria
Kingdom.
2. The differences between Princess Caroline’s behavior and commoner
women around Zindaria Kingdom.
3. Princess Caroline’s social condition in the royal family.
4. Princess Caroline’s social condition reflected in England women in 19th
century.
C. Scope of Problems
The scope of this analysis is the writer uses the genetic
structuralism approach. The writer would like to analyze the woman as a
main character in it, focuses in the main character’s behavior as a lady or
princess that made some bad impact to her life which are reflected by the
plot, setting, and characterization.
D. Statement of Problems
To make a clear scope of the problem discussed, the writer
formulates the following questions as:
1. How is the behavior of the woman main character as a lady or princess
in the novel of The Stolen Princess?
2. How is Princess Caroline’s social condition as a lady (princess)
reflected in England women in 19th century?
E. Objectives of the Writing
Based on the identification and statement of problems above, the
writer states this study to the objectives as follows:
1. To reveal the way of the woman main character’s behavior as a lady or
princess in the novel through the characterization.
2. To describe the woman main character social condition reflected in
England women in 19th century.
F. Sequence of the Writing
There are five chapters in this thesis as the sequences of writing.
The first chapter is introduction, explain about the background of study,
the reason of choosing novel The Stolen Princess and woman’s behavior
as a lady. In this chapter provides background, identification of problems,
scope of problems, statement of problems, objectives of the writing, and
sequence of problem.
The second chapter is the literature review, explain about the
theories that are used in this research, including the intrinsic and extrinsic
elements. The writer uses genetic structural approach in this analysis, so
besides requiring the intrinsic elements of the novel, the writer focuses on
the extrinsic elements such as women’s behavior in 19th century as
discussed in this thesis. Several parts of this chapter are previous
studies, genetic structuralism approach, intrinsic, and extrinsic elements
of the novel, and some things that are reflected inside the novel.
The third chapter is the chapter of methodology. In this chapter, the
writer explains about the arrangement of this thesis, start from the way of
the writer in finding and collecting data, followed by research procedure.
The fourth chapter is the main chapter of the analysis. It contains
the analysis of the main character’s behavior influence her social life as a
lady or princess in Zindaria Kingdom.
The fifth chapter or the last chapter provides suggestion and
conclusion of the analysis, includes the result of the analysis. The writer
tries to shows the important points presented by the previous chapters.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Previous Studies
In completing this research, the writer has found some researches
who have already done that are any relevant approach and object of
research. These previous researches are carried out by undergraduate
students from the English Department of Hasanuddin University.
The first thesis that supports the writer’s thesis is written by
Nurhikma (2012). She also analyzes about women, she used Genetic
Structuralism to analyzed the study of “Women’s Rights in Gilman’s The
Yellow Wallpaper”. In her study Nurhikma analyzed about the
development of education and its connection women’s life, from the
analysis she found that the women in the 19th century had no such
choices. They had to obey men because in most cases men held all the
resources and women had no independent means of subsistence, but as
we know that the traditional rule restricts women for the women’s role as a
wife and mother who have to take care of the family.
The second thesis is written by Muchlis (2011) entitled “Woman’s
Injustice in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlett Letter”. In his study,
Muchlis explains that women were treated injustice. The injustice is a
condition where the women have lower position than man. Muchlis
analyzed about the cause of women are injustice in Puritan time was
happen since long time ago. The Puritan ideology that refers to the
perfectionism of morality makes the condition becomes more disorder.
However, women as individuals have the ability to think and to give
opinion based on psychological aspects.
According to the previous studies that the writer mention above, it
can be concluded that there are many similarities from writer’s object
about the problem of a woman as main character in England and the
similar approach the writer uses is genetic structuralism approach. The
differences of the writer’s analysis are the both of previous studies the
writer mentions is about the women’s rights to struggle the justice in their
lives. Otherwise, the writer’s object focuses on the woman’s behavior as a
royal family member in 19th century of England that the writer wants to
analyze in this thesis.
B. Novel
Fictional work is one of the most interesting and profitable of
literature. Literature is the expression of feeling, passion, and emotion
caused by a sensation of the interesting things in life. It teaches us about
life experiences from even the saddest stories to the happiest one that
will touch the readers feeling.
Literary works are part of the art works. The genres are the product
of society. They develop according to the development of society and
they even become part of society.
Novel, as one of literary works, can reveal history of a society in
particular time. Classic novels, for example, are novels of literary
significance that describe the society and their situation in particular
period of time. They are mostly remained popular in years after their
publication. Generally, they contain wide, global themes that can be
applied to any time period.
Novel is the most popular form of literature in which fictional
depictions of life and events are described in written prose. It is created
long before its writing without thinking through the essence, value, and
the meaning of that work. Some conflicts between figures are what make
novel is interesting to read. This literary work not only reflects part times
that is full of memory and teach us lessons for the future. According to
Taylor in Selviana Nelsi Mangalik defined novel as follows:
“Novel is a form of literary work. Novel is normally a prose work of quiet some length ad complexity, which attempts to reflect and express something of the quality or value of human experience or conduct” (2011: 3)
In Selviana’s quotation about novel, it is explained that although
novel narrates human experience, but it does not mean that the story is
the same with real life because of the author might possibly have
changed the story in the novel by adding some events, which is in fact
just the result of imagination. So, the story becomes more interesting
because of the author already develop the story.
From the whole description above, the writer concludes that novel is
a long prose narrative that describes fictional characters and events in the
form of a sequential story. It is typically having a plot that is unfolded by
the actions, speech, and thoughts of the characters.
C. Genetic Structuralism Approach
The founder of the genetic structuralism approach theory is Lucien
Goldman, a literature expert from France in 1963. Genetic structuralism is
an approach of literature which appears after pure structuralism.
According to Iswanto in Faruk (1999: 8), genetic interpreted as the
derivation of literary work including the author and the historical reality
supporting the creation of the literary work. Its emergence was a reaction
to pure structuralism which disregarded the extrinsic element of literature
text. In Metodologi Penelitian Sastra, Endraswara (2008: 55) said:
“Semula peletak dasar Strukturalisme Genetik adalah Taine. Pandangannya lalu dikembangkan melalui studi sastra secara sosiologis. Bagi dia, karya sastra tidak sekedar fakta imajinatif dan pribadi, melainkan dapat merupakan cerminan atau rekaman budaya, suatu perwujudan pikiran tertentu pada saat karya dilahirkan. Dari pandangan ini, Goldman adalah satu-satunya tokoh yang ikut mengembangkan Strukturalisme Genetik” (2008: 55).
It is explained that the literary work is influenced by the presence of
the author in the middle of a particular social environment and it becomes
the part of society life. Literary work is a big fact of culture, a massive
realization as the work created and it make literary work as one of the
document of the social culture in society life.
Genetic Structuralism is a theory of literature that if refers to the
structure and genetic aspect in analyzing the literary works. The structure
are plot, character and setting, theme, and soon. Literary works has its
genetic or history in a process of human social life. Goldman believes that
literary work is a structure, which means it does not stand alone, but there
are many things which support it so it becomes an autonomous structure.
Goldman was not directly related the literary text and social structure
which creates it, but related the literary text firstly to the dominant social
class because of the structure is not static structure but a product of
history whih is dynamic.
In the “Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra” book, Kutha
Ratna Nyoman (2004: 122) stated that Genetic Structuralism is one of
the approaches used in literary research. Genetic Structuralism is a
branch of literary analysis that is not pure structurally. This is a
combination of structural analysis and the prior analysis method.
According to Goldman, an author does not have personal view. Basically
an author will suggest world view of social mass (Trans Individula
subject). This view is not a reality, but a reflection that reveals
imaginatively. Goldman believes that literature as a structure, but the
structure is not something static, however it is the product of historical
process that continues all the time, structured process and restructured
process that lived and life in the society where the literature came from.
To strengthen his theory, Goldman builds a category that related each
other then make something called genetic structuralism. Those
categories are humanity fact, subject collective, structure, worldview,
understanding, and explanation.
Goldman frames three basic methods in genetic structuralism
analysis.Those are: 1). A study on literary work is considered as a unity;
2). A literary work should have a tension between complexity and unity in
a coherent whole; 3). If that unity has been found, the process is
continued by analyzing the relation between the work and the social
background. By these basic methods, it makes a solution that sets out
with the hypothesis that may gather a number of facts into a structural
unity.
By the theory above, the writer interpreted that Goldman believes
that there is homology between structure of literary work and the
structure of society, because both of them are the products of the same
structural process. So, what the author write cannot be separated with
the real social life even though that literature is a fiction and it presents
the part of society life.
1. Intrinsic Elements of Novel
a. Character
Character is one of more important element in developing the
story. In literature, character is a person narrative. Character is an
important part of a fiction, because it has a big role to the story. The
relationship between character and the story is very necessary. In a
novel, character that makes the reader interest to read the story will
make an effect to that novel. It shows that character must be
interesting to the reader. As Jones states:
“It is real when the novelist knows everything about it. He may not choose to tell us all he knows many of the facts, even of the kind we call obvious, may be hidden. But, he will give us the feeling that though the character has not been got this a reality of a kind we can never get in daily life” (1985: 17).
It is explained that character in a novel has important role in
reader’s mind. It is the people shown in a narrative work, or play,
interpreted by the reader that people has moral quality and particular
tendency expressed in utterance and action.
In fiction, character refers to a textual representation of a
human being or occasionally another creature. Character
development is the key element in a story’s creation, and in most
pieces of fiction a close identification with the characters is crucial to
understanding the story.
The characters that appear in a fiction are just not sincere,
without real value characters that never appear in the real life. But in
some fictions, there appears certain historical figure in it. The harvest
historical figure influences the readers as if it is not an imaginative
work but factual figure.
Characters in any story could be divided into many kinds.
Based on the role in the story, characters are classified into major
character and minor character. Major character is the character that
has big role in the story. The character is also called as a central
character or main character. Major character is the most important
character in the story. Minor characters are also called the supporting
character in a story. The frequencies of this character are rarely and
only appear when he or she has relation with the major character.
Moreover, it is less important those of main. Based on the importance
in the story, characters divided into protagonist and antagonist
characters. According to Altenberd and Lewis in Nurgiantoro (2007:
178) explains that the classification of character is based on the
character’s role and its function, as follow:
1. Protagonist is the character which the reader admires to
sometimes is called the hero or heroine in the story, usually
someone who has good attitude. The character is the
personification of norms and values which are ideal for the
reader. Protagonist shows something which agrees with the
reader’s view and hope.
2. Antagonist is the character who opposes the protagonist,
sometimes called the enemy of the protagonist. It is the
character that causes the conflict in the story.
So, the character has some role to clarify the story and can
show the expression of literary works. Character development is the
key element in a story’s creation, and in most pieces of fiction, a close
identification to the character is a extremely important thing in
understanding the story.
b. Plot
Plot concerns the organization of the main events of a work of
fiction. Plot differs from story in that plot is concerned with how events
are related, how they are structured, and how they enact change in
the major characters. Most plots will trace some process of change in
which characters are caught up in a conflict that is eventually
resolved. Plots may be fully integrated or "tightly knit," or episodic in
nature. It also reveals the cause effect of the story. Perrine claims
“Plot is sequence of incidents of events of which a story is composed”
(1983: 41). By the arrangement of sequence of incidents or events of
which a story is composed, plot becomes the main line for the reader
or observer to understand instead to comprehend a story. So that plot
is also casual sequence of events that make up a story.
The plot is just a name for a sequence of events. Every plot
should have an exposition, rising action, climax, and falling action.
Exposition is the part in which the author introduces the characters,
scene, time, and situation. Rising action is the dramatization of event
that complicates the situation (complication) and gradually intensifies
the conflict. Climax is where the rising action (complication and
conflict) come to further development and to a moment of crisis falling
action is the problem or conflict proceeds toward resolution.
From the explanation about, the writer view that plot is an
important element to harmonize the concept of events occur that
described in the story. From the concept, it can be found that events in
a story have connection with another intrinsic element. In addition, an
understanding of plot is the most important thing to understanding a
fiction itself.
c. Setting
Setting refers to the time, the geographical locations, and the
general environment and situation that prevail in story. It is helps to
establish the mood of a story. According to Scholes (1981: 36), some
settings can play a big role to the work, others merely serve as
decorative backdrops.
In literature, the setting consists of the place in which the story
takes place, as well as the time period. It is important to establish a
setting in the story, so that the reader can visualize it. Setting is a
critical component for assisting the plot, as in man vs. nature or man
vs. society stories. In some stories the setting becomes a character
itself. The term "setting" is often used to refer to the social milieu in
which the events of a novel occur. Novelist and novel-writing instructor
has described how this social milieu shapes the characters’ values.
Setting does not only tell the people, or the time of the
sequence of events, but also expresses the character in story. For
example, the setting of place of the house inferior, if its inferior is very
luxurious and the house is big, then it said that the character or the
owner is a rich man.
Generally, setting is identified as a time and place where the
story takes place, as Kenney explain, “Setting is a fictional element
that indicates where and when the event occurs” (1966: 38). It is
explain that setting of place and the time period are when and where
the story occurs, while setting of social relates with the social life and
where the story happens. In other words, the term refers to the setting
point of time and place from the events in the plot occurs.
According to the explanation above, so that the writer
concludes that setting position is very important because of the action
of the whole character in the story and how it connects to society life.
So, setting determines the character, which the character, in this case,
determines the action.
d. Theme
Theme is the main idea of the story. For some people, theme
can give the moral lesson that can be understood from the story.
Others may define theme as the basic subject that surfaces
throughout the story. As Scholes said, “In a broader definition, theme
is the central idea or statement about life that unifies and controls the
total work” (1981: 52). That is why the theme hold an important role,
so that the story goes along with the theme.
Theme is not only covers a moral, but also a social life. In
whole literary work, theme is an important thing because it is a main
idea and the author’s messages that it is aim to the readers. As
Nurgiyantoro stated:
“The invention of theme should be questioning what the motivation, how the attitudes and views on the issue, what he thinks, and he did, and how decisions are taken” (2007: 85).
Based on the opinions above, it can be interpreted that
theme is the main idea of the story and authors usually express their
novel’s theme explicitly. In other words, theme is the central topic of
fictional works.
.
2. Extrinsic Elements of Novel
a. The Woman’s Behavior of England in 19th Century
The behavior and etiquette expected for a woman during the
19th century in England depended largely on which social class they
belonged to. Those who lived as members of the upper classes
received knowledge since birth on how to behave like a lady. Lower
class women held more leeway in regard to behavioral standards for
that time period. Middle class women had a bit more freedom.
However, mothers and guardians generally encouraged them to learn
proper etiquette. As Luongo said in her article about woman’s
behavior (http://www.ehow.com/info_8044226_social-etiquette-girls-
19th-century.html) that; “The 19th century was a time when behavior
and manners were highest importance. Numerous books on etiquette
were written describing how both men and women should act at
home, in public, at the dinner table, and at parties” (2001).
It is explained that the rules of conduct were taught to mostly
to upper class England women in 19th century as a part of daily
instruction, and those who had the best manners and behaviors were
highly respected in their society.
Social status was still largely determined how to maintaining
behavior and etiquette as a woman in 19th century England. Social
status of women in 19th century England is divided into three classes,
those are upper class, middle class, and lower class. The upper class
or the aristocracy was as follow the royal family. Particularly in royal
family, woman as a lady or a princess has self-respect and dignity
that must be kept as keep their own social status in her life. As a
member of the royal family, the lady must followed all the rules and
too many restrictions that she must obey, especially those that
precept or ordered by her husband in her own family. As Wojtzcak
(www.hastingpress.co.uk/railwaywomen/reviews2.htm) mention
about upper class women in 19th century that; “Every gentleman had
the right to force his wife into sex and childbirth. He could take her
children without reason and send them to be raised elsewhere”
(1998).
According to Wojtzcak opinion, she explains that the 19th
century women’s social status did not affect about the position and
rights. Upper class women must to perform their duties to showed
their good behavior and etiquette as a wife in the royal family. Much
of a married lower class woman’s life would be taken up with bearing
and raising children, but the upper class women often had maid to
look after their children, rather than doing it by themselves. In royal
family, look after their children were forbidden for the women in 19th
century since it became a maid’s duty.
Polite conversation also had a set of rules for 19th century
upper class women to follow for interacting in public. According to
Luongo’s (www.ehow.com/info_8044226_social-etiquette-girls-19th-
century.html), a polite lady was told never to speak loudly or with
vulgarity in the public or anyone while not too much smile, especially
with a gentleman who would be offended by her crudeness.
Conversation behavior dictated that an individual should not speak of
her family’s private matters to another person not related or outside
of the home. Because of those things is what makes the social status
as a lady or a princess in 19th century England felt constrained in
their family, it was not easy for them to take their rights because of
rules and custom established by the royal family.
b. Background of the Author Related to the Fiction
Award-winning author, Anne Gracie, spent her childhood and
youth on the move because of her dad's job, which took them around
the world. The gypsy life taught her that humor and love are universal
languages. She always loved stories. Once she learned to read, she
spent her days outside playing with the animals and when inside she
read. For most of her childhood, she did not have TV, so books have
always been a big part of her life. Travel was also a big part of her
childhood. She spent a lot of time driving from one part of Australia to
another, visiting relatives or friends or simply to see what was there.
She have lived in Scotland, Malaysia, and Greece. She travelled
through Europe in caravan. She learned about histories of Victorian
era in 19th century by reading Rosemary Sutcliffe, Henry Treece, and
Georgette Heyer.
She wrote her first novel on notebooks bought in Quebec,
Spain, Greece, and Indonesia. And then she discovered romance
and the rest is historical. As well as writing, Anne teaches adult
literacy, visiting some historical places, learned about European
history, and express her passion in literary works.
D. Definition of Women’s Behavior
In this century, women has an important role in social life. Woman
is a female human. The term woman is usually reserved for an adult, with
the term girl being the usual term for a female child.
Women’s position in society in the past is got very less attention.
Women at that time were treated very narrow in the societylife and thus
influence their life from the behavior and psychological side. As Ehrlich
mentioned about women in Ollenburger’s and Moore book, the woman as
an object of study was largely ignored in sociology. Woman’s existence
was only viewed in the marriage and family line. In other words,
traditionally the place of women is in the home (1996: 1).
In Ehrlich opinion about women, it is explained that women in the
past are got tamed by the society and cannot shout their rights. Because
of that, the rules was influence the women’s behavior in their own life.
The term of women’s behavior refers to the human rights and
freedoms inherently possessed by women and girls of all ages, which
may be institutionalized, ignored or suppressed by law, custom, and
behavior in a particular society. A person’s gender-role behavior reflect
beliefs about the roles of men and women. These behaviors define the
kins of things that are acceptable or appropriate for men to engage in but
not women. This issue claims an inherent historical and traditional bias
against the exercise of behavior by women.
In some places these behaviors are institutionalized or supported
by law, local, custom, and behavior, whereas in others they may be
ignored or suppressed. In spite of the fact that women have their own
jobs, make decisions for themselves without having to consult a man in
their lives, and purchase houses, cars, and other big-ticket items, it is
always good to act in a ladylike manner.
The writer concludes that women’s behavior is the women range of
women’s actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or
artificial entities in conjunction with their society or environment. It is also
happen from all of ages.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Methodological Design
In doing this research of study, the writer applied a method and
methodology. Methodological is a study of method that is set of general
conception research. It is a process and procedure which used to
approach the problem and solve it. Method of research consists of two
parts, those are quantitative research and qualitative research.
Quantitative research is a research that originally developed in the natural
sciences to study natural phenomena and it reflects the philosophy that
everything can be described according to some types of numerical
system such as statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.
According to Ross (1999), quantitative research uses data that are
structured in the form of numbers or that can be immediately transported
into numbers (from http://fortunecity.com/greenfield/grizzly/432/rra3.htm).
It can be described that quantitative is about prediction, generalizing a
sample to a larger group of subjects, and using numbers to prove or
disprove a hypothesis in doing a research.
Furthermore, in explaining woman’s attitude as a lady in 19th
century England of The Stolen Princess novel, the writer uses qualitative
research method. It is important analyzing the literary work to explain the
method clearly in order to show the aim of the research that it is accepted
scientifically. The writer describes the method of qualitative research and
descriptive analysis.
1. Qualitative Method
Qualitative method is a method of human analyzing which
involves the relevant social phenomenon. It is a method that gives
more attentions to the social phenomenon as natural research. The
qualitative method is not count of mathematical logic and principal
number, but refers to the sign and social action. It is aims to against of
form and human behavior, beside analyze the social qualities.
The researches have a big role in using qualitative method to
analyze it. Generally, qualitative researchers attend to the experience
as whole, not as separate variables because the aim of qualitative
research is to understand experience as unified. According to Ratna in
his book Penelitian Sastra (2004:47), the qualitative method gives
more concern on the correlation between data and its existence. For
example, in analysis of literary works, the authors and socio-cultural
surround of them will be involved.
Based on the description above, the writer can conclude that
qualitative method is a form of method process of research that based
on a methodology that investigates a social phenomenon and human
behavior problems to become clearly. It is specifically analyze the
human problems by involving the social phenomenon that is relevant.
2. Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive analysis is one of the way of analysis or research
that describe phenomenon which is analyzing and providing the data
systematically, in order to understand and conclude it easily. It aim to
describe the facts and characteristics of population or the other
particular objects accurately and systematically. According to Ratna
(2004:53), descriptive analysis is one of the ways in analyzing data
that has been collecting by making its descriptive data without
concluding it in general.
According to the description above, the writer can interpreted
that descriptive analysis is a research that interpreting the data which
is the phenomenon that exist to make a clear conclusion accurately.
B. Method of Collecting Data
Data is the most important element in doing this research. The
writer collects the data from novel itself and additional information through
library research. Library research method allows the writer to collect some
data from various references by reading some textbooks, articles, thesis,
and several critical writings that are considered relevant to this research.
The writer also does the note taking while finds data through the internet
to collecting data.
By the library research, the writer classifies the data into two parts,
those are primary data and secondary data. The primary data are from
the Anne Gracie’s The Stolen Princess novel and the secondary data is
the genetic structural approach that the writer uses in this research.
1. Primary Data
Primary data is the main data as the object of study in a
research. The primary data hold the position as the focus of the study
and serves as a reference in the search for the reality in society. The
primary data in this thesis is the novel The Stolen Princess by Anne
Gracie.
2. Secondary Data
Secondary data is data that supporting the analysis. These
secondary data came from the books periodically or several articles
that the author got from the internet and somewhere else related to
the issues to be analyzed that is about upper-class women’s behavior
in 19th century England.
C. Method of Analyzing Data
In analyzing the data, the writer is using the genetic structuralism
approach to understand the structure of the work and the external
conditions or reality in society, especially about the upper-class women’s
behavior in 19th century England. It is also to analyze the intrinsic and
extrinsic elements of The Stolen Princess novel. Intrinsic elements in the
novel were include character, plot, and setting, while the extrinsic
elements were obtained from the story itself.
D. Procedure of Research
To make a good research, the writer has several steps in doing this
research, such as follows:
1. The writer reads the novel The Stolen Princess by Anne Gracie.
The writer has the process to read the novel, such as the writer
made some notes to be elaborated in further explanation.
2. The writer decides the problem in the novel. The writer determined
the upper-class women’s behavior problem at that time too show
that women’s struggle to face the problem in a hard situation.
3. By using library method the writer collects data that are relevant to
the analysis.
4. The writer analyses the problem by using genetic structuralism.
5. The writer makes a conclusion of the results of analysis.
6. The whole parts are collected to the thesis from obtaining Sarjana
Sastra (S.S) degree in English Department, Hasanuddin University.
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
A. Intrinsic Elements of Fiction
Intrinsic elements are the major aspects in understanding a novel. It
is build the esthetic quality hence the writer elaborates these aspects to
construct the content of the novel. By using Genetic Structuralism
approach, the writer begins the analysis in characters, plot, setting, and
theme in Anne Gracie’s novel The Stolen Princess, then the social aspect
of its fiction.
1. Character
Every author has their own way of creating characters. Some
author is described the clearly physical character. In addition, some author
are simply explains the nature and behavior of characters in literature.
Character development necessary for the readers interested to finding out
what happened to the characters.
In this character analysis, the writer will describe the characters,
beside the writer only focuses on Princess Caroline Serena Louise as the
main character that has relation with the women’s attitude as a lady or
princess in 19th century England.
1. 1 Princess Caroline Serena Louise
Princess Caroline or usually called as Callie is the main character of
the story. Callie is a princess from Zindaria Kingdom. She is also a mature
widow of her late husband Prince Rupert and the mother of The Crown
Prince Nikolai. Callie has a sweet and innocent face with beautiful green
eyes. It can be seen from the quotation below:
She had the sweetest he’d ever seen, round and sweet and sad and somehow…right, framed by a cloud of dark, wavy hair. An angel come to earth. With the most kissable mouth in the world. … He swallowed, drinking in the sight of her like a man facing a waterfall after a lifetime of thirst. … She gazed back at him. Her eyes were beautiful, he thought, eyes a man could happily drown in. He wondered what color they were. (Gracie, 2008: 16).
Although Callie is a royal princess and has a pretty face, but she
never seemed to be appreciate her look. It is because her father was an
heir of a great fortune in his family, but not from aristocratic descent,
meanwhile Callie’s mother was a princess of a small kingdom. So, she is
not inherited her mother’s appearance. As Callie said about her parents:
“My father was English, but Mama was a princess. Papa was ambitious. He’d inherited a substantial fortune, but his birth was merely genteel, so he found and married a princess -“ … “Oh, Mama wasn’t an heiress, only royal. She was the youngest daughter of the house of Bleinstein, hereditary rulers of the tiny and very poor Principality of Bleinstein before it was absorbed by the Austrian Empire, but she was a princess, and that was all that mattered to Papa.” (Gracie, 2008: 142).
That is why even tough Callie is a royal princess, but she is not
inherited an aristocrat family looks. It can be seen from what the story said
about Callie’s appearance:
“I think he thought he could arrange a better marriage for me sight unseen.” The way she’d turned out had been a crushing blow to Papa. He’d made no secret of his frustration that she’d taken after his side of the family in looks, instead of the tall, cool blondes of her mother’s family. “… - not a drop of royal blood visible in me. I’m too short, too plump, my face is too round and with an undistinguished snub nose. And I have a great many character faults as well.”… “Such as?” …“Oh, I’m argumentative, stubborn –“ (Gracie, 2008: 146).
When Callie began to grow up, her father was planning a marriage
of Callie in her young age. Her father tried to arrange Callie’s marriage
with a prince, so he traveled around the Europe to find a royal family for
Callie’s marriage. It can be seen from what Callie tell to Gabriel Renfrew:
“Papa’s original plan was for me to marry the prince regent, but he married Princess Caroline of Brunswick when I was just a little girl, so Papa was forced to look to European courts, leaving me in England with Tibby, to grow up and become educated.” (Gracie, 2008: 145).
“Papa was quite relieved when he got Prince Rupert to accept me. Rupert didn’t care about looks of fortune – just blood. Mama’s family was poor, but enormously distinguished. Rupert took bloodlines very seriously – well, he would, being a horse breeder.” … He didn’t know many young girls, but for all he knew marrying mysterious foreign prince was the summit of her girlish dreams. … Something made him ask, “how old were you when you married him?” She shrugged and avoided his eyes. “Nearly sixteen.” He frowned. “That seems rather young.” She shrugged and slapped on more ointment, almost angrily. “Rupert thought a young bride would be more fertile. I was his second wife, you see. The first one was barren.” She rubbed at the marks on his skin as if they were
stains to be got out. Gabe didn’t flinch or make a sound. (Gracie, 2008: 147-148).
As quotation above, we can see that Callie was married when she
was sixteen years old, as we know that it was her very young age. At first
she did not want it, but since she is an honorable lady, she can not denied
her father’s plans.
Sometimes Callie can be a stubborn woman and argumentative
even she could not show her feelings in front of men. Inside her mind, she
always wanted to be free from any royal rules that restraint her. As
quotation below:
“And I cannot seem to be interested in important things.” “And what were the important things?” “Oh, you know, etiquette, diplomacy, female accomplishments – I mean, what is the point of embroidery?” She rolled her eyes. “The palace was full of the most hideous, perfectly executed pieces of embroidery – cushions, hangings, screens – you name it, so there was no need for any more. But no, I must embroider.” “So you hate sewing.” “No, I quite like sewing, but I like it to be useful. But a princess should do nothing useful. Or interesting.” She laughed wryly, thinking about it. “I don’t know who was more frustrated by me, Papa or Rupert. The happiest time of her life was when she’d lived with Tibby, she thought – apart from when Nicky was born. Tibby never expected her to be someone else. Tibby liked her the way she was. And Tibby was interested in all kinds of different, unsuitable things and had encouraged Callie to be, too. Saving Nicky was the reason she’d fled Zindaria, but it was for both their sakes that she’d fled to Tibby. She’d planned to make a new life for herself as well as Nicky, where both of them could live without the constant criticism. (Gracie, 2008: 146-147).
As the quotation above, we know that even though Callie is a lady
or princess, but she did not really care about her position. It is because
she really wanted to be free from any criticism from her father, Prince
Rupert, and any royal rules.
When she and her son Prince Crown Nikolai escaped from
Zindaria, Callie felt that she had been free. She was no decided to get
married because she did not want to owe devotion to any men. It can be
seen from the quotation below:
Not that she cared what anyone thought of her anymore. She owed no obedience to anyone anymore. She was free, she told herself incredulously. Free to say what she liked, do what she liked, eat what she liked. It was a heady sensation. (Gracie, 2008: 87).
Besides he was bossy. Really bossy. All her life she’d been ordered around by men, her wishes ignored, her opinions spurned. Finally she was free: as a widow she owed obedience to no man. And no man was ever going to take that freedom from her. Not even the blue-eyed devil who kissed like a dream. (Gracie, 2008: 143).
Although since the beginning Callie was no decided to get married
to any men, but everything changed after Gabriel Renfrew saved her and
her son’s life from Count Anton. Their pretend wedding that they did to
protect her son finally became a true marriage. Callie finally found Gabriel
Renfrew, a man who always respected her in every way without any
criticisms to her. They came back to the Zindaria kingdom with her son
Prince Crown Nikolai and her new husband Gabriel Renfrew and start a
new life.
1. 2 Gabriel Edwards Fitz-paine Renfrew
Gabriel Renfrew or Gabe is an ex-soldier of England who is highly
respected in society. His figure is tall and burly, with his beautiful eyes that
always fascinate every woman. Gabe also treated every woman gently. It
showed in sentences below:
She stared at his bare, tanned forearms and large, strong hands as he methodically fed small chips of wood into the coals, then larger pieces. He applied a pair of bellows and flames flickered up, gilding his profile, highlighting the bold nose and the hard angles and shadows of his face. She gazed at the strong column of Mr. Renfrew’s throat and the clean line of his jaw. His shirt was open at the neck . . . He was not a pretty man, not handsome in the way of the young men Callie had admired as a girl, and yet he was…beautiful in a strange way. Hard and strong and ruthless-looking. A clean-limbed, sculpted warrior, pared down to the essentials. Formidable. He’d ridden roughshod over her, ignoring her stated wishes completely, and yet, physically, he’d treated her and her son with surprising gentleness. She felt cared for, protected. He straightened, and she couldn’t help but look at him. He wore high boots and buckskin breeches, which were damp and clung to his long, hard, masculine frame. His legs were long and lean and hard-muscled. He’d told her his thighs were strong, she recalled. They looked…strong. (Gracie, 2008: 30).
Gabriel Renfrew is the youngest son of earl of Alverleigh. His
family was very honorable and highly respected in London, but underneath
all of that, there was a dim past in his family. It can be seen when Gabe
told to Princess Caroline about his dim past family life:
“Great-aunt Gert shaped our futures and Mrs. Barrow mothered us. “But I thought Harry was your brother.” “My half brother,” he corrected her. “Born on the wrong side of the blanket. We had the same father, but Harry’s mother was a maidservant. When she found herself in creasing, my father paid the village smith to marry her.” … “My mother was married to my father,” he told her. “But they’d been having tremendous rows at the time, and both of them had been unfaithful, so when she told him I was not his true son, he believed her.” … “No, they reconciled when I was three, and again when I was six, but my father would never allow my mother to bring me home on any of these occasions. I was kept in London. He refused to tolerate the sight of me, even though she insisted I really was his son.” He shrugged. “he never believed her.” … “She descended on my mother’s London residence one day, marched up to the nursery, and simply confiscated me. Told my mother she wasn’t fit to raise any child, let alone a Renfrew boy, and that she, Great-aunt Gert, would do it from now on. She picked me up – literally, I was about seven, I think – handed me to her footman like a parcel, and swept us off in her carriage.” … “Mama didn’t say a word. It was probably a relief to her to have me out of the way.” (Gracie, 2008: 182-184).
As what Gabe told to Princess Caroline about his past life, it
shows that Gabe is a kind of man that has no the desire to have a family. It
was caused by his parents who wanted to keep their family’s dignity as
The Earl of Alverleigh in London, so they casted off Gabe and gave him to
Great-aunt Gert in Grange.
To protect Princess Caroline and her son Prince Crown Nikolai
from Count Anton who wanted to kill them both, Gabe did a pretend
marriage with Princess Caroline in London. He did it to trick the law in
London to prevent Count Anton took over Prince Crown Nikolai. But after
they were through some of thrilling incident, they finally decided to serious
about their pretend marriage. Gabe left his house and friends in Grange to
follow his beloved wife in Zindaria, Princess Caroline.
1. 3 Prince Crown Nikolai
Prince Crown Nikolai or sometimes called Nicky, he is a son of
Princess Caroline and the late Prince Rupert of Zindaria. Nicky described
as a seven-year-old young boy and has a crooked leg. His crooked leg
always make his mother Princess Caroline feel worried about Nicky’s life
but she never assumed that Nicky’s disability as a royal family disgrace.
But Nicky always feel ashamed about it. As the quote below:
“I’m here, Mama. I was just getting the hand box.” Her seven-year-old son stepped over a coil of rope and hurried to her side. Callie put a hand on his shoulder. Nicky was the most important in her life, the reason she was here in the first place. (Gracie, 2008: 5).
He finished stoking the fire and turned to Nicky. “Now, let’s have a look at that leg.” Nicky pulled back, ashamed. “it’s all right,” he muttered. “Don’t be frightened. I’m not going to hurt you, but you were limping quite badly before and it doesn’t do to neglect an injury, take it from an old soldier.” Nicky looked away. “it’s nothing.” “Nicky’s leg was injured at birth,” Callie said stiffly. “It’s more noticeable when he’s tired, that’s all.” Each time Nicky had to explain it, she felt the knife turn in her breast. It was her fault, she knew, that her son had to bear burden. She braced herself for what would come next – the embarrassment, or the hearty reassurance, or the questions. (Gracie, 2008: 30-31).
Nicky always feels ashamed about his crooked leg or limp. When
his father Prince Rupert still alive, Nicky always taught how to ride a horse,
but because of his crooked leg made him difficult to learned how to riding
a horse, besides every royal family must be good at riding horse because
that is one of the rule in Zindaria kingdom. It caused Nicky felt useless as
a prince. As he told to Gabriel Renfrew when they were in the stable:
“It matters in Z – where I come from. We are famous for horses and horsemen. Everybody rides – all the men and most of the women. Horses are my country’s heritage.” Gabe nodded, understanding the implications. “Would you like me to teach you?” The boy shook his head. “Papa tried many times. I jus fall off – like a baby! Useless!” He thumped his crooked leg so hard it must have hurt. “This leg is no good. Not strong enough.” (Gracie, 2008: 47).
Nicky finally feel useful and very confidence about himself when
he was staying in Grange for several days. There he did so much things
and got a new friend named Jim. Although Jim is a poor commoner and
every royal family members are not allowed to talk with commoner like
Jim, but they were stay make friends. It is what make Nicky was happy
and felt free from any royal rules. He felt really appreciated by the people
in Grange house. As quote below:
Callie bit her lip. Why could his father not have offered such casual advice and praise? Callie could not remember a single instance when Rupert had told his only son he’d done something well. In his father’s eyes, Nicky could never measure up: he was cripple, therefore an unworthy heir. Ironic that here, among strangers, her son should begin to blossom. Both of these very different men had shown Nicky casual acceptance and the sort of undemonstrative kindness that only men who were very sure themselves could show a shy, needy boy. (Gracie, 2008: 100).
Nicky is the heir to the throne from his late father Prince Rupert of
Zindaria kingdom. Count Anton who is his guardian parent was placed
under Nicky as the heir line. That is what made Count Anton was trying to
kill Nicky because he wanted to fight for the heir of royal. So, Nicky and his
mother escape from Zindaria kingdom to avoid Count Anton. Finally,
Count Anton died when he tried to kill Nicky in London. Nicky, Princess
Caroline, Gabriel Renfrew, and his new best friend finally decided to back
in Zindaria kingdom and legitimately became the heir of the throne.
1. 4 Prince Rupert
Prince Rupert is the late husband of Princess Caroline from
Zindaria kingdom. He died since more than a year ago. Prince Rupert is a
handsome and polite man. He has highly value matter of the bloodline of
nobility. He is also having a very high attention to etiquettes, manners, and
the rules in royal family. At first, Princess Caroline was greatly admire and
adored her late husband for his charisma. We can see as what Princess
Caroline described to about Princess Rupert:
“Rupert was charming and attentive and gallant.” She sighed, remembering. She’d been almost dizzy with the excitement of it all, the constant attention paid to her by such a magnificent golden creature. He was forty, but she hadn’t thought of him as old, just glamorous and sophisticated. Godlike. (Gracie, 2008: 212).
Although Prince Rupert made Prince Caroline felt fortunate and
adored him, but he did not love Prince Caroline at all. He was married with
Princess Caroline without love her, but it is just for the sake of his
obligation as a king candidate to generate a descendant as a crown
prince. It shown as what Princess Caroline told to her ex teacher Miss
Tibtorphe:
“I learned later he didn’t love me at all. He’d never loved me. He didn’t even like me much. It was all for show, and because he was handsome and charming and he was so experienced and I was just a stupid, dreamy, romantic, gullible child – “She broke off, the bitter taste of shame welling up in her throat. (Gracie, 2008: 212).
When Nicky was born, Callie poured all her love into her child. Rupert hadn’t come to her bed again until six months after Nicky was born. After all, her main purpose was to breed children. They coupled quickly, thoroughly, and more or less in silence, then he left. He came to her once a month, but she never fell pregnant again. (Gracie, 2008: 217).
Prince Rupert did not really care about love of Princess Caroline to
him. He sometimes having an affair with a reason to escape from it all,
escape from his young wife and cheated with another woman.
Prince Rupert very obedient to the rules and upholds his honor as
a member of the royal family in Zindaria kingdom. Sometimes it made him
too stern in arranging his wife and son. As quote below:
Callie was not surprised by what Mrs. Barrow had said. Nicky was painfully correct, it was more noticeable here, where everything was more relaxed. At home, whenever they’d dined en family, Rupert had directed a nonstop barrage of instruction and criticism aimed at his son – at his manners, his bearing, the way he broke his bread, his attempts to respond to the conversational gambits
his father shot at him. Rupert had been a good enough man, she thought sadly, but he’d been determined to forge his son into a prince worthy of the name. His methods were crushing to a small, sensitive boy. (Gracie, 2008: 159).
Not only his son, but also his wife Princess Caroline always felt
restrained because of his instruction and criticism aimed to them.
Nevertheless, Prince Rupert basically was a good man who was
disciplined, assertive, and highly pay attention to his family’s status as the
royal family.
1. 5 Princess Caroline’s Father
Princess Caroline’s father is an English-born man. He had a big
role in Princess Caroline’s life as his daughter. He paid very high attention
to Princess Caroline’s education and so he called Miss Tibtorphe as his
daughter’s governess. Princess Caroline’s father had a hard and stern
attitude in arranged or lead his daughter how to behave as a lady or
princess when she was younger. He also never felt satisfied about what
Princess Caroline did. It can be seen as what Princess Caroline describe
about her father:
“I think he thought he could arrange a better marriage for me sight unseen.” The way she’d turned out had been a crushing blow to Papa. He’d made no secret of his frustration that she’d taken after his side of the family in looks, instead of the tall, cool blondes of her mother’s family. “… - not a drop of royal blood visible in me. I’m too short, too plump, my face is too round and with an undistinguished snub nose. And I have a great many character
faults as well.” “Such as?” “Oh, I’m argumentative, stubborn –“ (Gracie, 2008: 146).
As the quote above, we can see that Princess Caroline’s father
was so selfish and only concerned with his own honor without considered
about Princess Caroline’s desires. He was very forceful to Princess
Caroline in make her behaved like a true lady of England to keep her pride
and social status. It can be seen as the quote below:
Papa’s voice echoed in her head, as it did at most mealtimes. A lady does not eat like a horse, Callie, but picks at her food daintily, like a little bird. With Papa’s critical eye on her, Callie never did enjoy a meal. No matter how delicately she picked at her food, no matter how often she came away from the table hungry, Papa’s gimlet eye was on her, and she always felt like a horse. … Papa would have said, A princess does not raise her voice, Callie. A princess is not a fishwife. A princess remains serene and dignified at all times. (Gracie, 2008: 86).
All the upbringing from Princess Caroline’s father in thought his
daughter to behave like a lady or princess under Princess Caroline was
very stiff and rigorous. It was the one that make her daughter as a lady or
princess always felt restrained in every way.
1. 6 Count Anton
Count Anton is the protagonist character of the story. He is a
cousin of the late Princess Rupert and also a guardian parent of Prince
Crown Nikolai. As a royal family member of Zindaria kingdom, Count
Anton has a good-looking appearance, but behind of his handsome face
there were a rude and cruel attitude of him. As the quote below:
She shivered and nodded. “Count Anton and his men. He’s my husband cousin.” She gave him a bleak look and said in a lowered tone. “He – he wants Nicky dead. Me too, I suppose.” … He spoke with a calm confidence that worried Callie. Count Anton was a ruthless, evil man, and here, where nobody knew him, he didn’t even need pretend to be otherwise. (Gracie, 2008: 102-103).
Tibby looked at her. “I must say, Count Anton was not at all as I’d expected him to be.” “I know. That’s the trouble. He seems too good-looking to be so evil. It makes people unwilling to believe the worst of him.” (Gracie, 2008: 211).
Count Anton is placed under Prince Crown Nikolai as the heir line
position to be the king of Zindaria kingdom. He tried to kill Prince Crown
Nikolai and Princess Caroline and made them escape from Zindaria. He
wanted to kill Prince Crown Nikolai to take the heir position as the king of
Zindaria.
A wide range of ways he used to kill Prince Crown Nikolai, such as
tried to poison him, and even he spreading slander in Zindaria which he
said that Princess Caroline and her son Prince Crown Nikolai was stolen
by Gabriel Renfrew. But finally, his evil plan was ended when Ethan
Delaney shoot and killed him in London.
1. 7 Miss J. Tibtorphe
Miss J. Tibtorphe or Miss Tibby is an ex teacher of Princess
Caroline when she was younger in England. She is gently and motherly
nature, always taking care of Princess Caroline. She has a sweet-looking,
little, neat, and about 35 years old. She also really liked reading so much
books. It can be seen as the quote below:
“Your Tibby, now – would she be about thirty-five, little, neat, with brown hair and brown eyes and a way of looking at a man as if he was lower than a worm?” (Gracie, 2008: 102).
“Oh yes, my books are – were very precious to me. Some of them belonged to dear Papa. He was a fine scholar, you know, and his books were rare and irreplaceable. And others … some of my books were like friends. They gave me such comfort.” “Ah,” Ethan made a sympathetic sound. He had no idea what she was talking about. Books like friends? Giving comfort? (Gracie, 2008: 178).
Miss Tibby was a teacher who taught the young Princess Caroline
about some of general sciences study and sometimes she also taught her
about etiquette, manners, and how to behaving as a lady or princess.
However, she taught her gently and also liked Princess Caroline as she
was. She always considered Princess Caroline as her daughter because
she has no any husband and biological child, so it made her to love
Princess Caroline as her daughter. It can be seen as the quotation below:
Tibby had always wanted a child. Callie knew that. Just as she used to pretend in her heart of hearts that Tibby was her mother, Tibby pretended that Callie was her daughter. (Gracie, 2008: 147).
Miss Tibby has not been met with Princess Caroline since she was
took to Zindaria to implement the arranged married by her father, so she
must be stay in Zindaria for a long time. Finally they were meet again in
Lulworth after Princess Caroline and her son Prince Crown Nikolai tried to
escape from Count Anton of Zindaria. Miss Tibby’s house was burned by
Count Anton and his men, so none of her property has left. Princess
Caroline felt so guilty about it and she decided to rendered Miss Tibby as
her royal assistant and live together in Zindaria.
1. 8 Princess Caroline’s Mother
Princess Caroline’s mother was a princess of Bleinstein kingdom
and she was a youngest princess in the royal family. Although she was
from a quite poor little kingdom, but Princess Caroline’s father married her
because of her social status as an honorable royal princess. It can be
seen as what Princess Caroline told to Gabriel Renfrew about her mother:
“Oh, Mama wasn’t an heiress, only royal. She was the youngest daughter of the house of Bleinstein, hereditary rulers of the tiny and very poor Principality of Bleinstein before it was absorbed by the Australian Empire, but she was a princess, and that was all that mattered to Papa.” (Gracie, 2008: 142).
He chuckled. ”I like the sound of your mother.” “Yes, she was lovely,” she said mistily. “When did she die?” “When I was a little girl. An accident with a horse. Papa married her because she was princess, but I think the fell in love afterward. I always like to think so, anyway.” (Gracie, 2008: 257).
She has the only holdover for her daughter Princess Caroline, that
was a diamond tiara. Every time Princess Caroline was wearing her
mother’s diamond tiara, she has always felt strong and did not want to be
degraded by any men, because it made her aware of his social status in
the society.
1. 9 Barrow
Barrow is an old servant who served Renfrew family and work for
Gabriel Renfrew. Barrow and his wife Mrs. Barrow live together and take
care of Gabriel Renfrew’s house in Grange. He has to responsible for
security at the Grange house and take care all of the horses in stable.
Explanation about Barrow can be seen as the quotation below:
“There’s nobody else to do it at the moment. Barrow, my groom, is spending a few days in Poole with Mrs. Barrow. I won’t be a moment.” “I’ll do that, Mr. Gabe,” a voice said from behind. He turned. A middle-aged man hurried toward them, dressed in a nightshirt stuffed into a pair of trousers and a loosely laced pair of boots. His sparse hair struck up around a red flannel nightcap. (Gracie, 2008: 25).
1. 10 Mrs. Barrow
Mrs. Barrow is a wife of Barrow and she is a loyal servant of
Renfrew family. She is an old woman who has many years served Great-
aunt Gert and Gabriel Renfrew. She always took care of all the needs in
the kitchen and she also very good at cooking. Behind her stocky
appearance and her words that always like impressed rule to others, but
she has a gentle, warm, and motherly attitude. She was help Great-aunt
Gert to foster and raised Gabriel Renfrew and Harry Morant since they
were young. She also really loved the boys and always assume them as
her sons because she and her husband Barrow have no any biological
children. It can be seen as the quotation below:
A tall, plump middle-aged woman stood waiting for them, a dress thrown over her nightgown, a shawl knotted around her shoulders and an apron over them all. Mrs. Barrow, Callie presumed. (Gracie, 2008: 29).
“No, Mrs. Barrow more or less raised me, and I won’t reprimand her for her plain speaking, particularly she’s right. I’ve been taking advantage of her good nature, and my brother Harry will be here next week and who knows who else.” (Gracie, 2008: 85).
1. 11 Jim
Jim is a commoner who is a son of poor fisherman. His age is a
year older than Prince Crown Nikolai. Before he met with Prince Crown
Nikolai, he was a naughty boy that was a dirty appearance, gross, and
careless, but after he brought to Gabriel Renfrew’s house in Grange, he
was handled by Mrs. Barrow and finally he has a clean appearance and
became a friend with Prince Crown Nikolai. Jim was an orphanage
because his father died after sailed for fish and did not come back after
two months. The explanation about Jim can be seen as the quotation
below:
“Who are you?” He clutched Trojan’s reins defensively. The boy scowled. His face was remarkably dirty. Nicky doubted his hair had been brushed in weeks. His feet were bare, his trousers were tattered but he showed a shred of shame. (Gracie, 2008: 53).
“Me dad’s been gone more’ n two months. I reckon he’s dead. He ain’t never left me for that long afore – never for longer’ n week.” He sniffed and wiped his nose with his sleeve. (Gracie, 2008: 206).
After did a ceremony for memorial service of his the late dad, he
finally brought to Zindaria because of Prince Crown Nikolai and Princess
Caroline’s wish. There he taught the etiquette and got an education with
Prince Crown Nikolai.
1. 12 Ethan Delaney
Ethan Delaney was an ex soldier of England and he was a good
friend of Gabriel Renfrew. He was an old Irish man who has a tough-
looking, but behind of his rough appearance he was a gentleman and so
polite to every woman and children. He was also a stylish man for his old
age. Explanation about Ethan Delaney can be seen as the quotation
below:
Mr. Ethan Delaney came up the steps, and the two men shook hands. A man of no more than medium height, the Irishman was thickset powerful. He walked with a roll that was only too familiar to Callie: the walk of a man who’d been practically born on a horse. His tough-looking face and pugilist’s build contrasted oddly with his attire, for though he was in riding dress, he was very neatly and stylishly turned out, with shining black boots, an elegant neck cloth, and a well-cut coat of dark blue superfine. (Gracie, 2008: 97).
Ethan Delaney rode alongside the curricle, on his big, ugly roan horse. It suited him, Callie thought. Mr. Delaney had the look of a man who’d lived a hard life. He had a large nose that had been
broken more than once, a number of scars on his face and hands, a chipped tooth, and an ear that appeared to have been chewed at some stage. His hair was thick and dark, beginning to go gray at the temples, and cut brutally short – to hide the fact that it was curly, she suspected. Yet his waistcoat splendid, if a trifle loud, and his boots gleamed with polish. … Callie warmed a t once to the man. For all his rough looks, Mr. Delaney had a kind heart. Nearly as kind as Gabriel’s. (Gracie, 2008: 99-100).
Ethan Delaney saved Miss J. Tibtorphe from the captured of
Count Anton and his men and finally they fell in love each other. He asked
Miss J. Tibtorphe to taught him how to read and write because he wanted
to make a horse breeding business with Harry Morant.
1. 13 Great-Aunt Gert
Great-aunt Gert was a great-aunt of Gabriel Renfrew and Harry
Morant. She was an old lady who was so firm, irritable, and her arrange
must be obeyed. She has a high self-esteem and dignity so that most
people were terrified of her and she also respected in her society. It can be
seen as the quotation below:
He followed her outside. “Yes. She was a terrifying old lady, but with a very kind heart. She used to give me a daily grilling on my lessons.” He quirked a rueful smile. “Boys were a variety of humanity she believed were in dire need of civilizing – which came in the form of discipline, exercise, and rewards.” (Gracie, 2008: 79).
Great-aunt Gert was foster and raised Gabriel Renfrew and Harry
Morant when they were excluded from their biological family. She took
Gabriel Renfrew and Harry Morant forcibly from their parents and brought
them to her house in Grange and raised them by Mrs. Barrow assist. She
also gave them an education in London. As Gabriel Renfrew told, Great-
aunt Gert’s kindness can be seen as what Gabriel Renfrew told to
Princess Caroline:
He glanced at the portrait oh his great-aunt. “It’s Great-aunt Gert’s legacy. She was a great one for taking in stray, unwanted boys. I suppose that’s how Mrs. Barrow ended up working for her – they were kindred spirits from opposite ends of the social scale. Great-aunt Gert took me and Mrs. Barrow took Harry.” (Gracie, 2008: 182).
He set his glass aside. “Harry was a lot like Jim when I first met him – a wild little ragamuffin. But Great-aunt Gert had him educated – educated both of us together and sent us to our father’s school, much to Father’s fury. He had us removed in the end, so Great-aunt Gert sent us to Harrow instead, which angered him nearly as much.” He grinned reminiscently. “Great-aunt Gert was a radical with no opinion of the airs and graces of the aristocracy. She was also a crushing snob who considered a Renfrew – even a bastard Renfrew – superior to any other being. She left me her fortune, but she left a legacy for Harry, too, and my share has a dozen stipulations. Miss Tibtorphe’s employment will fulfill one of them. It would have delighted her to have a fisher child educated with a royal prince. And she would have liked your boy a lot. Great-aunt Gert admired courage above all else.” (Gracie, 2008: 184-185).
As the quotation above, it can be known that Gabriel Renfrew and
Harry Morant believed that Great-aunt Gert was a kind old woman and her
heart as pure as gold. She also upholds the Renfrew family’s honor and
dignity. She has a high social spirit and really cared about poor unwanted
boys, it caused Gabriel Renfrew and Harry Morant were high respected
and very proud of her.
1. 14 Harry Morant
Harry Morant is the step-brother of Gabriel Renfrew. He was
raised and foster in Grange with Gabriel Renfrew by Great-aunt Gert and
her servant Mrs. Barrow. Harry and Gabriel Renfrew have an age
difference only a few months and they have an alike appearance that the
similarity came from their father. Harry’s appearance can be seen as the
quotation below:
“Yes, a little consideration, brother mine,” a third man declared. “Take the fellow outside to skewer him and save Mrs. Barrow’s nice clean floor.” He met Mrs. Barrow’s eye and winked. This must be harry, Callie thought dimly. He was the image of Gabriel, tall, dark, and broad-shouldered, only his hair was dark brown instead of almost black and his eyes were gray… (Gracie, 2008: 201).
Harry was also a Renfrew descendant. He was an unwanted boy
because of his father cheated with his biological mother who was a
commoner that work as a maid in London. That was why Harry and
Gabriel Renfrew have the same father but they was born from different
biological mothers. He finally was taken by Great-aunt Gert from his family
and raised in Grange house with Gabriel Renfrew and he got a legacy
from Great-aunt Gert when she passed away. Harry has a good friend
Ethan Delaney had a plan to make a horse-breeding business in England
for their old age insurance later.
1. 15 Lady Gosforth
Lady Gosforth was an aunt of Gabriel Renfrew and Harry Morant.
She stayed in London. She was a tall graceful woman and also an
honored Renfrew descendant. She helped Gabriel Renfrew and Harry
Morant to continue their education. Lady Gosforth was really like to
participate in any social events, so she organized the simple wedding
reception of Princess Caroline and Gabriel Renfrew. It can be seen as the
quotation below:
“I did,” a tall, elegant, Roman-nosed matron interrupted him. “But I’ve decided I can’t wait to meet you.” She swept forward holding out both her hands in a warm greeting, at odds with severe cast of her countenance. (Gracie, 2008: 228).
Lady Gosforth had swept off in a frenzy of happy planning, consulting with her butler, chef, housekeeper, and secretary. Callie had felt little uncomfortable letting a relative stranger take on the burden of organizing her wedding and had suggested that she could arrange something suitable herself, but Lady Gosforth told her instantly she was not to think such a thing. It was soon borne home to her, most forcibly, that the planning of social events was the breath of life to Lady Gosforth, and that the lady’s only regret was that there was so little scope for her talents. (Gracie, 2008: 252-253).
1. 16 Nash Renfrew
Nash Renfrew was a brother of Gabriel Renfrew. He lived in
London and worked as a diplomat in governance of England. Nash and
Gabriel Renfrew have some similarities that derived from their late father.
Because of he wanted to safe his brother Gabriel Renfrew from Count
Anton, he suggested Gabriel Renfrew and Princess Caroline to do a
pretend marriage to deceive the law problem made by Count Anton. It can
be seen as the quotation below:
“Marry Gabriel Renfrew? Absolutely not!” Callie stared first at the man who’d been introduce as “the Honorable Nash Renfrew, something in government” and then at Gabriel. There was a strong family resemblance: the nose, the chin, and those intense blue eyes. Not to mention the shoulders, the height, and the infuriating assumption that he knew what was best for her. (Gracie, 2008: 235).
Yes, so Mr. Nash Renfrew, he is some sort of diplomat in government, he says marrying Gabriel – Mr. Renfrew – will help me keep Nicky here with me. That is why it’s to be so soon.” (Gracie, 2008: 253).
1. 17 Marcus Renfrew
Marcus Renfrew was the oldest brother of Gabriel Renfrew and
Nash Renfrew. He was a lord and also an honorable high scale man in
England. He was an heir of Earl of Alverleigh from his father after he
passed away because he was the oldest son in Renfrew family. Because
of their family dim past that made Gabriel Renfrew really hate Marcus, but
he tried to terms with his youngest brother Gabriel Renfrew. It can be seen
as the quotation below:
Gabe and Harry were furious with the earl for taking over and hosting the reception. “Typical high-handed arrogance,” Gabe
fumed to Nash. “Tell him I won’t be patronized by him and I’m damned if I’ll dance to his tune.” “It’s peace offering, Gabriel,” Nash told him. “An apology for past wrongs.” (Gracie, 2008: 270).
1. 18 Luke Ripton
Luke Ripton was a good-looking man also as a good friend of
Gabriel Renfrew and Harry Morant. Luke was a gentleman, he has a good
nature and charming. He was very polite to every women and he had a
dim past in his life. All of the explanation for Luke can be seen in the
quotation below:
As for Luke, he was in London, but the Lord knew what he would be doing – anything that could blot out memories of the Convent of the Angels. Poor Luke. Of all them, he was the most haunted by the past. If he didn’t learn to master it, Gabe feared he would go mad. It would be good for Luke to have a real problem to worry about, something in the here and now, a woman, a child he could protect. (Gracie, 2008: 158).
“…, along with that lovely Ramsey boy and the other one – you know, what/s his name? – the one the girls all sigh after. Divinely handsome with a fatally attractive air of tragedy.” “Luke Ripton,” said Gabriel, trying not to smile. (Gracie, 2008: 229).
1. 19 Rafe Ramsay
Rafe Ramsay lived with his family in Aldershot, but he always did
a riding horse journey with his good friends who were Gabriel Renfrew,
Harry Morant, Luke Ripton, and Ethan Delaney. Rafe has a kind heart and
a good attitude to people. He was an ex soldier in England. It can be seen
as the quotation below:
Rafe was at a house party at Aldershot, trying to nerve himself to do what his family expected – nay, urged him to do, no matter how much the idea of it stuck in Rafe’s throat – marry an heiress. (Gracie, 2008: 158).
1. 20 Lady Anthea Soffington-Greene
Lady Anthea was a guest who attended the wedding and dance
party of Princess Caroline and Gabriel Renfrew. She was a very beautiful
lady but she talked with her very rude words. She was fell in love with
Gabriel Renfrew but he did not really like her at all even she was very
elegant and beautiful. Princess Caroline met Lady Anthea at her wedding
and dance party in Alverleigh house, they had a rude conversation there
as the quotation below:
“So, you’re the little foreign widow who managed to hurry Gabriel Renfrew to the altar,” a sultry voice behind Callie said. Callie turned, not much liking being called a little foreign widow. Looking down at her was a statuesque blonde whose dress gold satin seemed to have been molded to her body. She was very beautiful. “I beg your pardon?” said Callie. “Heave we met?” The blonde held out three languid fingers. “Lady Anthea Soffington-Greene.” She scrutinized Callie with an air of faint, dismissive amusement. Callie bristled. … Her dress was cut extremely low; her large, full breasts were almost wholly visible, rather like two large blue-veined chesses, Callie thought. She reminded her of the Valkyrie. Lady Anthea added, ‘A small thing like a hasty wedding won’t change what’s between Gabriel and me.” She smiled knowingly. … Lady Anthe tittered. “You mean Harry the Crippled Bastard?” Callie stiffened. “If you are reffering to my brother-in-law, Mr. harry Morant, how dare you refer to him as a cripple in my presence!
And I’ll have you know he was born in wedlock!” (Gracie, 2008: 311-312).
1.21 Count Zabor
Count Zabor or Uncle Otto was an uncle of Princess Rupert and
Count Anton. After Prince Rupert died, he was responsible to be a regent
for Prince Crown Nikolai until he turns eighteen years old. Uncle Otto was
seldom to listened the opinion of Princess Caroline and made her so angry
about it.
She threw up her hands. “Of course I did. I told Count Zabor – Uncle Otto – he is uncle to both my husband and Count Anton, and currently the regent, ruling on Nicky’s behalf until Nicky turns eighteen.” She threw up her hands in frustration. “Uncle Otto thinks I am just silly woman. He thinks I mollycoddle Nicky too much, and ‘worry my little head over nothing.’” She mimicked his voice. “It makes me so angry the way they all think they know better.” (Gracie, 2008: 137).
1. 22 Giselle
Giselle was a personal tailor of Lady Gosforth who always sewing
some gowns for her. She has a French nationality, she has a good manner
and etiquette to her client. She made a wedding dress for Princess
Caroline for her wedding with Gabriel Renfrew. It can be seen as the
quotation below:
Lady Gosforth had sent for Giselle, her own mantua maker, to come and measure up Callie and Tibby, and to choose design for the wedding dress and other dresses. Giselle, an elegant, acidic-
looking Frenchwoman, had flung up her hands in horror. “Mais milady, ce n’est pas possible – such short notice!” Lady Gosforth raised an eyebrow. “Not even for a royal wedding, Giselle – the ‘secret’ royal wedding of Princess Caroline of Zindaria?” She made a careless gesture. “In that case we will have to call on Madame –“ (Gracie, 2008: 260).
1.23 Captain Kordovski
Captain Kordovski was the leader of the Royal Zindarian Guard. In
the beginning, he misunderstood that Prince Crown Nikolai and his mother
Princess Caroline were stolen by Gabriel Renfrew. Finally he knew the
truth after Count Anton died.
“Princess, did this thug hurt you?” the captain of the soldiers demanded. She frowned at him. “Of course he didn’t. You are Captain Kordovski, are you not? I cannot believe that a captain of the Royal Zindarian Guard is involved in such filthy business as this.” “What filthy business, Highness? We have come to rescue you.” The captain glared at Gabe. Gabe glared back. “Will you stop bandying words with this bandit and get back outside!” he told her. She ignored Gabe and gave the captain a puzzled look. “Rescue me from whom?” The captain looked at Gabe and then back at Callie. “I thought – is that thug not the enemy who stole you away?” he said doubtfully and looked to the count as if for confirmation. (Gracie, 2008: 335-336).
2. Plot
Plot is a sequence of interrelated events that are purposely
arranged in a story and it is one of important element in fiction. There are
five parts of plot in every fictional works, those are exposition, rising action,
climax, falling action, and resolution. So, the plot of The Stolen Princess
novel is presented to understand how the story goes before continue to
the analysis section.
2.1 Exposition
The beginning of the story was on the preface in 1816, it was
when Prince Crown Nikolai smuggled his puppy that gift from his late
father to his bed. He really loved the puppy, but an accident was happen
after his mom Princess Caroline put a cup of milk on his bedside table.
Prince Crown Nikolai’s puppy was died after he gave his puppy the milk to
drink. Nicky was very terrified and cried sitting up in bed. Callie suddenly
came, she was very shock about it. She was suspicious that the milk just
poisoned by someone who tried to kill her son. After that accident, she
finally decided to get away from Zindaria for her son’s life.
The puppy was the final straw. Nicky loved Zouzou with all his seven-year-old heart, so much so that on the second night he’d smuggled the puppy into his bed. … She set the warm milk on the bedside table, kissed him good night, and left, hiding a smile. Two hours later when the reception finally finished she looked in on Nicky again. Nicky was sitting up in bed, distraught, his face streaked with tears, the tiny puppy cradled stiff and lifeless in his arms. Dried yellow froth clung to its little muzzle. … On the floor beside the bed was a half-drunk bowl of milk and empty cup, the same cup she’d given to her son. “Did you drink any of the milk?” she asked, scarcely able to raise her voice from a whisper. “it tasted funny,” he said. “I didn’t like it. So I gave it to Zouzou.” … She understood then what she had to do. There was no longer a choice. (Gracie, 2008: 1).
Callie paid a sailor and his men to bring her and his sin Nicky to
Lulworth, but the sailor did not keep the agreements and only put Callie
and Nicky at the side of The English Channel. They wanted Callie and
Nicky to across the strait by up to a canoe because the sailor must be
avoid the ambushes in Lulworth dock. Callie and Nicky forcedly dropped
off at an unknown coast around the strait, so they needed to walked and
find Lulworth by themselves.
In other place, Gabriel Renfrew rode a horse faster in his way to
home. Because the night was very dark, he almost crashed a boy who
was standing on his horse lane and made the boy really shocked. He was
Nicky and his mother Callie who tried to protect him from the horse. Callie
was very upset to Gabe after the accident that almost killed her son, but
Gabe felt guilty and tried to apologize to them. He decided to invite Callie
and Nicky to his house in Grange. Callie first refused the invitation of Gabe
because she thought that Gabe was a stranger beside she really afraid of
horse after her mother’s accident, but she really needed to found a house
for them to take a rest in the evening that will be stormy. Callie finally
accepted his invitation and they rode a horse to Gabe’s house.
They finally arrived at Gabe’s house in Grange and got cared by
Gabe’s servants Barrow and his wife Mrs. Barrow. In the beginning, Callie
realized that a lady or princess did not deserve to accept an offer from a
stranger, but her son Nicky was so tired and also she can not continue to
walk in the dark and stormy night. So, she thought it was okay for her to
stay only for one night and will be continue their journey to look for
Lulworth tomorrow. Callie introduced herself to Gabe and his servants as
Mrs. Prynne, she made that fake name to keep her secret that she was a
princess who escape from Zindaria. It was also can make them invisible
for Count Anton and his men who chased them and tried to kill her son
Nicky.
In the morning, Gabe and Nicky woke up early. They went to the
place where the accident happened last night to look for Callie’s suitcase
which fell to the cliff beside of the road. While Gabe climbed down the hill
to look for the suitcase, Nicky had waited on the top and he met a poor
orphan boy named Jim. Apparently, Jim held a suitcase that he just found,
suddenly Nicky realized that the suitcase which held by Jim was his
mother’s suitcase. So, Nicky tried to took it and they fought each other, but
Nicky had won after he hit a stone to Jim’s face. Nicky was very shocked
about what he just did. Gabe finally brought Jim to his house and handled
by Mrs. Barrow and then came after Nicky who kept his mother’s suitcase
at the side of the cliff. On their way to home, Gabe and Nicky had a little
conversation, but unconsciously Nicky betrayed the secret about why he
and his mother can be lost in the random place of England. It can be seen
as the quotation below:
… “But not in Z – where I come from,” he amended. “There we ride from the age of four or five.” He looked away. “They ride,” he muttered. “Your mother can’t ride.” “Yes, but she is a lady and English.” Gabe shrugged. “Lots of English ladies ride. I know ladies who can ride better than most men.” Nicky looked doubtful.
“Besides, what does it matter if she rides or not?” “It matters in Z – where I come from. We are famous for horse and horsemen. Everybody rides – all the men and most of the women. Horses are my country’s heritage.” (Gracie, 2008: 46-47).
“Why you came to England,” Gabe finished for him. And why she had been so mistrustful of him last night, he thought. “Well, I don’t know who these men are, Nicky, but I promise you this – if they do come after you or your mother, I’ll do my very best to stop them.” … “It is indeed. You said your father was an excellent rider.” “Yes, the finest rider in all of Z – my country.” Gabe drew a bow at random. “And he died in a riding accident. Was it jumping fence?” “No, he was shot. They said it was an accident, but it wasn’t true, though.” So he was dead, Gabe thought. “Wasn’t it?” “No. They were after him and they got him. Now they’re after me,” … “And does Mama have a name other than Mama?” Nicky laughed. “Of course. Papa called her Caroline, but Grandpapa always called her Callie.” Gabe rode the next few miles without thinking, his thoughts miles away. Her name was Callie. And she was a widow. Of more than a year. (Gracie, 2008: 65-69).
Callie decided to stay one more day in Gabe’s house because he
did not ready yet to accompany Callie to Miss J. Tibtorphe house in
Lulworth. In Gabe’s house, she felt a relaxing atmosphere because of
people in Gabe’s house were so casual about their treatment to her and
her son. It was very different in the royal family that Callie have should got
criticism about her behavior and some of the royal family members were
usually looking for her faults. It was so fun for Callie and her son Nicky
because they can be free from the strict family royal rules.
2.2 Rising Action
The rising action of the story is when Princess Caroline, Prince
Crown Nikolai, Gabriel Renfrew, and Ethan Delaney had reached Prince
Caroline’s ex teacher Miss J. Tibtorphe. Ethan met with Miss Tibby, but
she chased him away while gave him a piece of paper which was a note
for him. Callie read the note and suddenly she was shocked because Miss
Tibby was being held prisoner by Count Anton’s men.
Callie read the note. “Oh my God. It’s my fault.” She crushed it in nerveless fingers. She’d gone quite white, Gabe saw … Gently he freed the paper from her fingers and read the note aloud. “Help. I am being held prisoner by evil foreigners. Please inform the authorities. Miss J. Tibtorphe. Rose Cottage.” Gabe looked at Callie. “And you know which evil foreigners, don’t you?” She shivered and nodded. “Count Anton and his men. He’s my husband’s cousin.” … “He – he wants Nicky dead. Me too, I suppose.” (Gracie, 2008: 102).
Miss Tibby finally rescued by Ethan, and Gabe fought Count
Anton’s men inside the house, but Count Anton was not there. Gabe
asked Ethan to guard Callie and Miss Tibby to his house in Grange while
Gabe looked for Miss Tibby’s cat in the house. When Gabe had remiss, he
did not know the coming of Count Anton and his men, suddenly he was hit
hardly behind of his head until he passed out. After guarded Callie and
Miss Tibby to Gabe’s house, he came back to the Miss Tibby’s house in
Lulworth and found Gabe lying helpless. He then brought back to the
house in Grange and was treated by Mrs. Barrow and Callie. Miss Tibby
also stayed with them in Grange because Count Anton burned her house
in Lulworth. In the next morning, Count Anton was back and visited Gabe’s
house, but he can be faced by Gabe and Callie event he was almost injure
Nicky the Prince Crown.
The next day, Callie decided to go to London and started her new
life with Nicky, Jim, and Miss Tibby. They were escorted by Gabe, Ethan,
Harry Morant, Luke Ripton, and Rafe Ramsay. Gabe suggested Callie to
stay a while in his aunt’s house Lady Gosforth. They met with Gabe’s
brother Nash Renfrew who worked as a diplomat in governance. Nash told
Gabe that he was accused of kidnapping a princess and her son the
prince of Zindaria. It would be a matter of state because Count Anton
reported it to the central government, he also put the lie in his report. Callie
and Gabe finally decided a pretend marriage to tricked the governance
and the mess that made by Count Anton.
Nash Renfrew arrived an hour before dinner. “There is a fellow, a foreigner,” he told Gabe when they were alone. “A Count from some obscure little country who claims that a Mr. Renfrew, the son of an earl, is illegally holding his head of state. The foreign office thought he meant me, but that was clearly nonsense, so the finger got pointed at you, though personally I think he must have rats in his upper story. He says you have in your custody the crown prince of his country, Za – Zendar –“ “Zindaria,” Gabe corrected him. … “This is serious, Gabriel. It’s a matter of state. He’s claiming the crown prince has been illegally removed from his country and must be returned,” Gabe shrugged. “His mother removed the crown prince from his country because people were trying to kill him. He’s only seven, and being his mother she naturally took exception it.” … “I’m deadly serious,” Gabe told him. “The child’s life really is in danger.” (Gracie, 2008: 230-231).
He had to get her to promise to marry him. A promise would hold her. “If it will safe Nicky, is there really any choice?” “I don’t know. I can’t think. I need time,” she said unhappily. … He wondered yet again what her husband had done to her make her so fearful of marrying again. He had to reassure her. He wouldn’t hurt her, he would treat her tenderly. … Nash’s brows rose. He said coolly, “Don’t think of it as a marriage; think of it purely as a legal maneuver, like a chess gambit. A marriage between you and my brother would block Count Anton’s petition for custody of the boy
and mire it in legal arguments, thus giving our government an excuse to delay.” He waited a moment and added, “it’s my considered opinion that it’s the only way to keep your son with you.” (Gracie, 2008: 237-238).
Event they had a pretend marriage because of Callie did not want
any man being her husband, little by little she fell in love with Gabe. It was
because Gabe was a gentleman who had always treated her politely and
he also loved her as how she was, for her, he was different from other
men.
2.3 Climax
The climax or crisis of the story is when Prince Crown Nikolai was
stolen by Count Anton and his men. Princess Caroline was very shocked
and that accident made Gabriel Renfrew felt guilty because he can not be
kept his promise to Callie to safe her son Nicky.
Harry who was standing beside the wardrobe, heard a faint sound. He unlocked the door and a bundle fell out. It was Jim, bound and gagged and wrapped in a quilt. Harry quickly freed him. “They took Nicky!” Jim gasped the moment he could spit out the gag. “We was asleep and by the time I was awake I couldn’t say nuffink.” His sharp face crumpled as he looked at Callie. “I’m sorry, ma’am, real sorry. I let you down –“ … Gabe couldn’t bear it. She’d married him for one reason only: because he’d sworn to protect her child. He’d failed her. Gabe seized her hands. “I’m sorry,” he said urgently, “but I will find him, I promise you.” (Gracie, 2008: 321-322).
Gabe and his friends Luke Ripton, Rafe Ramsay, Ethan Delaney,
and his brother chased Count Anton while Callie rode a horse-drawn
carriage with Harry Morant. However, Nicky managed to escape from
Count Anton by rode a horse because he remembered what Gabe taught
to him. He found Gabe in the halfway and finally he brought to the nearest
inn. They were so happy that Nicky can escape by himself, but suddenly
Count Anton reached the inn. Count Anton who tried to kill Nicky and
Callie fought to Gabe with swords, but Count Anton died after he was shot
by Gabe. Ethan Delaney was shot by Count Anton because he tried to
protect Nicky, but he only got shot on his shoulder and still alive.
“Nicky! Thank God!” Gabe was so relieved he simply leaned over, lifted the boy out of the saddle, and wrapped him in a big hug. Nicky hugged him back. “Are you alright?” Gabe demanded. “How did you get away? I can’t believe it!” He hugged the boy again. “Thank God.” Nicky grinned up at him. “I escaped.” “All by yourself?” He laughed and ruffled the boy’s hair. (Gracie, 2008: 330).
“Ethan,” Gabe said urgently and set her aside. She grabbed Nicky, hauled him to her, hugged as if she’d never let him go. “Did he hit you? Oh God, Nicky, did he hit you?” “Mama, no … Mama, Mr. Delaney …“ … Count Anton was dead. Dead. It was over at last. Nicky was alive and Count Anton was dead. And Gabriel was alive. And Ethan … “Damn, I wasn’t fast enough,” Gabe was saying, pushing his friend into armchair and examining his arm in concern. “Damned hero …” “Just winged me in the shoulder, sir,” Ethan gasped. “Nothin’ serious.” “Mr. Delaney, you saved my son’s life,” Callie managed, even now unable to believe the nightmare was past. (Gracie, 2008: 339).
2.4 Falling Action
The falling action is when all the truth was revealed after Count
Anton died. Captain Kordovski explained to Princess Caroline that he was
not in favor of Count Anton, he came to London to rescued Prince Crown
Nikolai and her from Gabriel Renfrew who stolen her and Nicky as what
Count Anton told him, but apparently he was deceived by Count Anton.
Later Captain Kordovski explained. The day after Princess Caroline and Prince Nikolai had disappeared Count Zabor – no, uncle Otto was not dead – had officially frozen all of Count Anton’s property and assets pending an inquiry into the prince and princess’s disappearance. He’d accused Count Anton of murder, but Count Anton had claimed their disappearance had nothing to do with him, and that the princess and her son had been stolen by enemies of Zindaria. (Gracie, 2008: 341).
2.5 Resolution
The resolution of The Stolen Princess story is when Captain
Kordovski asked Princess Caroline and his son Prince Crown Nikolai to
back to Zindaria because the people in Zindaria were need them. Callie
asked Gabriel Renfrew to go together to Zindaria with Prince Crown
Nikolai, Miss J. Tibtorphe, and Jim. It was so hard for Gabe to decide it
because he can not leave his life in England, but he really loved Callie and
Callie loved him too. Even though at the beginning they had a pretend
marriage, but finally they made it as a real marriage. Callie finally found a
man who married her because he sincerely loved her, loved her as she
was, and treated her gently. Gabe left his house, family, friends, and
fortune in England then went together with Callie to Zindaria as her
husband.
“And you, Princess, you belong in Zindaria, too, you and Prince Nikolai.” Captain Kordovski hesitated, then said, “You are much beloved in Zindaria, Princess.” “Me? You mean Nicky.” He shook his head. “They don’t know Prince Nikolai – he has never made any public appearances.” Callie nodded. Rupert was ashamed of Nicky’s limp. Captain Kordovski continued. “I am sure they will come to love Prince Nikolai, but you Princess – you are very special to us. Zindaria has never had a princess so much loved by people.” … “The whole country is in mourning at your loss.” (Gracie, 2008: 342-343).
“Yes, I have to say it now, otherwise I will regret it all my life. I may – never mind.” She closed her eyes and told him, “I love you, Gabriel Renfrew, and I want you and need you to stay on as my husband, my real husband, and go to Zindaria with me, and grow old with me.” … “It is, my dearest love.” He cupped her face in his hands. “I have a house, a family, friends, and fortune in England, it’s true, but everything I want is right here in my hands. Everything. You are my home, my family, my purpose, and my heart.” And then he kissed her. (Gracie, 2008: 355-356).
3. Setting
The setting refers to the time, place, and social situation that
prevail in the story. Based on the script of the novel, it is clearly explains
the aspect of setting, such as setting of time, place, but the social situation
of the story is not clearly described by the author.
The Stolen Princess was first published in 2008. The setting of
time in this novel takes the time after England war with France in 19th
century which was in 1816, as we know that Gabriel Renfrew, Harry
Morant, Ethan Delaney, Luke Ripton, and Rafe Ramsay was ex soldiers
who came back from the battlefield.
The author chooses several places as the setting of place in this
novel. The first place setting is in Dorset, English. It was the place where
Gabriel Renfrew was introduced for the first time in the story and it is not
much described in the novel. The second place is in English Channel
where Princess Caroline and Prince Crown Nikolai tried to across the strait
by a canoe because they wanted to go to Lulworth. It can be seen as the
situation of the strait that described in the novel.
“No! This isn’t right!” Callie, fugitive princess of Zindaria, was trying to force her dizzy head to steady. “I paid to be taken to Lulworth.” She clutched the rail of the pitching boat and peered desperately out into the night. Shifting clouds blocked the moonlight and all she could see were white caps and looming dark cliffs. There was no sign of life, no building or habitation. (Gracie, 2008: 4).
The third place is in Grange, where Princess Caroline and her son
Prince Crown Nikolai stay for a while in Gabriel Renfrew’s house. It is not
too far from the first place where Princess Caroline and Gabriel Renfrew
met. The fourth place is in Lulworth Cove where Miss J. Tibtorphe stayed
there at her house. It is described when Princess Caroline, Prince Crown
Nikolai, Gabriel Renfrew, and Ethan Delaney visited Miss J. Tibtorphe’s
cottage.
“What a lovely view,” Callie exclaimed, looking at the perfect horseshoe-shaped stretch of water beyond the straggle of thatched cottages that comprised the village. Lulworth Cove shone
a dazzling blue in the sunshine. It was dotted with a few small fishing boats and a large, sleek white yacht. (Gracie, 2008: 99).
The fifth place or the last setting of place in the story is in London.
It is the capital city of England where Princess Caroline and others stayed
for a while and got married with Gabriel Renfrew. London is described big
and noisy city. Zindaria is a name of fictional European country. However,
Zindaria did not much described because the plot story only described in
several places of England.
4. Theme
The Stolen Princess is a fictional novel which shows the
combination between history and romance. In this novel, Princess Caroline
showed as a lady from England and also a royal family member of
Zindaria Kingdom who has an high social scale among the people, but she
did not care about her position because of all the rules for a lady or
princess that always made her felt restrained in the midst of social life.
Since she was younger, her father always paid high attention to her
etiquette and manner because he wanted her to behave as a lady. In her
life, she was always getting criticism from the men around her, even she
had to married someone who did not love her just because her late
husband Prince Rupert only want to have a son to be a legitimate
successor of Zindaria Kingdom. Her opinions were also seldom to be
listened by the men around her. That was why after her Prince Rupert
passed away, she did not want to be married and ruled by any man more.
Papa’s voice echoed in her head, as it did at most mealtimes. A lady does not eat like a horse, Callie, but picks at her food daintily, like a little bird. With Papa’s critical eye on her, Callie never did enjoy a meal. No matter how delicately she picked at her food, no matter how often she came away from the table hungry, Papa’s gimlet eye was on her, and she always felt like a horse. (Gracie, 2008: 86).
She threw up her hands in frustration. “Uncle Otto thinks I am just a silly woman. He thinks I mollycoddle Nicky too much, and ‘worry my little head over nothing.’” She mimicked his voice. “It makes me so angry the way they all think they know better.” “Who do you mean by ‘they’?” She bared her teeth at him. “Men, of course.” (Gracie, 2008: 137).
Besides he was bossy. Really bossy. All her life she’d been ordered around by men, her wishes ignored, her opinion spurned. Finally she was free as a widow she owed obedience to no man. (Gracie, 2008: 143).
Throughout the story, women’s behavior in England during the 19th
century largely depended on their social class. All her Princess Caroline
life she had been ordered by the men around her and it was made her felt
restrained. After she met with Gabriel Renfrew, she finally found a man
who loved her as she is and made her felt highly appreciated by him. The
historical-romance theme of the novel runs throughout the story and drives
Princess Caroline to believe that every woman should be responsible for
the social class status which they belonged to.
B. The Woman Behavior of Main Character in The Stolen Princess
The woman behavior of main character in The Stolen Princess
describes on Princess Caroline who did not really care about her position
as a lady or princess. From the deepest of her heart, Princess Caroline
always wanted to be free from the behavior that made her felt restrained
and lowly appreciated by the men around her. Princess Caroline’s attitude
in the novel are identified when she remembered some criticisms that her
late father and husband gave to her, and it is also shown when she told
about her past life to Gabriel Renfrew.
Princess Caroline or Callie was born in Kent, England. She had a
rich father who had been married with an honorable princess from a little-
poor kingdom named Bleinstein in Europe. Since Callie was a little girl,
she was cared by a nanny. The nanny was sent away after Callie’s mother
passed away because Callie’s father did not like how the nanny treated
Callie with a very pampered, whereas Callie needed a love.
Mrs. Barrow reminded her of Nanny. She hardly remembered Nanny, there was just a vague memory of a large, soft woman, with capacious bosom and a comforting lap, who’d muttered and crooned over her bossily, as Mrs. Barrow did now. Callie had forgotten how soothing it could be. What had happened to Nanny? She didn’t even know her real name. Papa had sent her away when Callie was six – not long after Mama had died. He’d found her sitting sleepily in Nanny’s lap, listening to a story. She was far too old to be treated like a baby, Papa had said. And stories were just a waste of time … Filling girls’ heads with nonsense. (Gracie, 2008: 40).
Callie did not get any care and love from a mother for years, but
her father very particular about her education, so he paid Miss J. Tibtorphe
to be Callie’s governess. Callie and Miss Tibby had a closer relationship
more than a governess, she was like a mother to Callie.
During Callie had live with his father in England, her father always
taught her how to behave as a lady. She was taught how the manner of a
lady at the dinner table. At the dinner table, he was charged by his father
to remain graceful and elegant. She also did not allow to ate pork because
her father and her husband Prince Rupert ever said to her that it was
vulgar for a lady to eat any kind of pork.
Nicky hesitated and glanced at his mother. “Mama never eats pork,” he said. “Papa says – said it’s vulgar for ladies to eat pork.” (Gracie, 2008: 35).
Papa’s voice echoed in her head, as it did at most mealtimes. A lady does not eat like a horse, Callie, but picks at her food daintily, like a little bird. With Papa’s critical eye on her, Callie never did enjoy a meal. No matter how delicately she picked at her food, no matter how often she came away from the table hungry, Papa’s gimlet eye was on her, and she always felt like a horse. … Callie started at the bird-portion sliver of bacon on her fork. All forms of pork are anathema to any female of taste. Rupert’s voice echoed in her head. (Gracie, 2008: 86-87).
As the quotation above, it can be seen that even in a non-formal
dinner, Callie was charged by her father or Prince Rupert to kept remain
graceful and elegant in her way to eat. That was what made Callie never
did enjoy her meal with all of his father or Prince Rupert criticisms on the
dinner table.
Callie’s father always told her the manner about how the lady
should act in public society. A lady should be speaking softly and politely
word to the people around her to keep her appearance elegantly and
dignified, so it was not allowed for every ladies to speak loudly or with
vulgarity in public. Callie was also dictated by her father that she should
not speak of her private matters to another person outside of the family
member, while she did not be allowed smile too much or not too friendly to
the common people to made her highly respected in society. It all can be
seen from several quotations below:
Papa would have said, A princess does not raise her voice, Callie. A princess is not a fishwife. A princess remains serene and dignified at all times. Callie had lost her temper. She had raised her voice. For all she knew she’d even screeched like a fishwife – she’d certainly poked him in the chest like one. She had been neither serene, nor dignified. (Gracie, 2008: 86-87).
… She’d been ready to snap the nose of a kindly older man, only for being overly familiar. She used to be gracious and even-tempered. … If she was behaving like a shrew, well, there had been provocation. Several provocations. Being dumped into the freezing sea, then being ridden over, kidnapped, and forced to ride a horse was not conductive to graciousness. Nor was constant fear. (Gracie, 2008: 26).
Callie just let it flow. She was accustomed to maids dressing and undressing her, but none of them had ever called her lovie or bossed her around in such a warm, motherly tone. (Gracie, 2008: 46).
“How d’ye do, ma’am,” Barrow said. “So, you’re a widow, eh?” She blinked. The habit of common people to ask direct, personal questions still shocked her a little. It was not polite to inquire so intimately of a stranger. … (Gracie, 2008: 28).
… Barrow winked at Callie again. She gave him a quick smile. Five-and-twenty years of rigid training slipping away, unregretted. Papa would pointed out that is what came of such laxness –
grooms winked at her in the most familiar way, and cooks cuddled her and called her lovie. (Gracie, 2008: 63-64).
Callie probably happy how the people in Gabe’s house treated her
overly familiar and felt free about it because there was no her father or
Prince Rupert around her, but she still restricted herself making her
remains highly respected by Gabe, Barrow, and Mrs. Barrow. She was not
also familiar with the habit of common people that was very different with
what her father dictated to her.
Because Callie was born from an upper class family, her father
planned a brilliant marriage to her. Callie’s father planned her to marry a
royal family member in Europe. He left Callie and Miss Tibby in England to
grow up and being educated, while he went off on a tour of the various
European courts. Her father original plan was making her could have
married with a great royal family, but he got a Princess Rupert who from a
small kingdom. That was what made Callie’s father never satisfied about
what Callie did in his side.
… “I think he thought he could arrange a better marriage for me sight unseen.” The way she’d turned out had been a crushing blow to Papa. He’d made no secret of his frustration that she’d taken after his side of the family in looks … “I never could do anything to Papa’s satisfaction. I was a thorn in his side, really – not a drop of royal blood visible in me.” … (Gracie, 2008: 146).
Callie had been married with Prince Rupert when she was almost
sixteen years old. It was too young for her, but she must obey what her
father was ordered to her. Prince Rupert married Callie not because he
loved her, but it was for reasons of state or for fortune. He also thought
that a young bride would be more fertile, so he could had a son who will
be the legitimate successor of Zindaria.
She sighed wistfully. It was something she’d never know. Princesses married for reasons of state, or for blood or fortune, not for love. She’d learned that the hard way. (Gracie, 2008: 41).
She shrugged and slapped on more ointment, almost angrily. “Rupert thought a young bride would be more fertile. I was his second wife, you see. The first one was barren.” She rubbed hard at Gabe’s skin. (Gracie, 2008: 148).
The harsh reality that Callie is a lady made her must married with
someone who did not love her at all. She can not argue what her father
ordered to her because it was the rule that she had to do as an upper
class woman.
Callie moved to Zindaria to live there with her new royal family and
she was becoming a princess, one of the important and honorable woman
in the royal family. As a princess, Callie must abide all the royal rules. She
has to do some things no useful for her and she was also doing not an
interesting about the important things of etiquette, diplomacy, and female
accomplishment in the royal family.
“And I cannot seem to be interested in the important things.” “And what were the important things?” “Oh, you know, etiquette, diplomacy, female accomplishment – I mean, what is the point of embroidery?” she rolled her eyes. “The palace was full of the most hideous, perfectly executed pieces of embroidery – cushions,
hangings, screens, - you name it, so there was no need for any more. But no, I must embroider.” “So, you hate sewing.” “No, I quite like sewing, but I like it to be useful. But a princess should do nothing useful. Or interesting.” She laughed wryly, thinking about it. “I don’t know who was more frustrated by me, Papa or Rupert.” (Callie, 2008: 146).
Besides Callie must do something nothing useful because of the
royal princess rules, she could not also express her wishes. Her opinion
and also her wishes always ignored by the men in the royal family. When
she gave expression about her opinions or wishes, she was criticized by
Prince Rupert or her uncle Count Zabor. It always happened when Prince
Rupert taught Nicky to rode a horse rudely, Callie sick of to see her son
being hurt every time he fell from the horse. She always appealed Prince
Rupert to stop taught Nicky rudely, but he never cared about it. Callie
escaped with Nicky from Zindaria to England because Count Anton tried to
assassinate her son, but no one wanted to listen her especially Count
Zabor.
“You didn’t try to have Count Anton arrester?” Gabe asked. She threw up her hands. “Of course I did. I told Count Zabor – Uncle Otto – he is uncle to both my husband and Count Anton, and currently the regent, ruling on Nicky’s behalf until Nicky turns eighteen.” She threw up her hands in frustration. “Uncle Otto thinks I am just silly woman. He thinks I mollycoddle Nicky too much, and ‘worry my little head over nothing.’” She mimicked her voice. “It makes me so angry the way they all think they know better.” “Who do you mean by ‘they’?” She bared her teeth at him. “Men, of course.” (Gracie, 2008: 137).
The horse would move away and Nicky would try to ride it, but his leg didn’t have the strength, and after some bouncing around he would fall off. … Nothing she could say to Rupert had the slightest
effect. Callie had begged and pleaded with him, then stormed and railed, but it had made no difference. She was just silly fearful woman and he was the prince: his word was law. (Gracie, 2008: 136).
Besides Callie opinions or wishes being ignored and always got
criticized by the men around her, she also could not looked after her son
Nicky. She should not take much care to her son, for example she should
not bathed her son even she is his biological mother because of her status
as a lady.
Callie hurried to help Mrs. Barrow rinse the suds from Nicky’s body. It had been years since she’d bathed her son. When Rupert had discovered how she bathed her baby herself, he’d forbidden it. The palace nursemaids did that sort of thing, not his son’s mother. Such a menial chore was improper for a princess. (Gracie, 2008: 75).
As the quotation above, it can be seen that it is forbidden for a
lady or princess to look after her children since it was a nursemaids’
works. The lady was improper to do that because it was a menial chore to
do for an upper class woman in England.
From all of the explanation above, it can be seen that the behavior
and etiquette for a woman during the 19th century in England was
depended on the social class they belonged to, especially for an upper
class woman like lady or princess who must always preserve the honor,
dignity, and graciousness in the public society. Princess Caroline was an
English born woman who restrained by the rules for the lady. She is a
woman made all of her opinions and wishes always ignored by the men in
royal family. Therefore, the woman behavior of the main character as a
lady in 19th century of England can be described when Princess Caroline
who was born and raised in England always taught how to behave as a
lady by her father, and then after she was married with Princess Rupert,
she was also must remain her behavior and etiquette as an upper class
women while sometimes she restrained about it.
C. The Social Condition of Princess Caroline Reflected in England
Women in 19th Century.
The 19th century was a time when behavior and manners were
highest importance. The social condition of a person judged in the proper
etiquette or good behaviors and manners, refers to the socially acceptable
way in which a person conducts herself or himself when in the presence of
others and who has the best manners were highly respected in the
society. In the novel of The Stolen Princess, the social condition of woman
can be seen in a previous discussion and it is related to the upper class
woman social condition in the real life of 19th century of England. Every
woman in 19th century England have different behaviors depending on
their social status, especially for the upper class women who were
required to maintain their etiquette and dignity to got highly respected by
the people in society. The aim of this section is to reveal how Princess
Caroline social condition in the novel may differ or even be alike with the
information about upper class woman social condition in the 19th century
England that the writer had found.
In the 19th century England, upper class women or the ladies were
supposed to keep their self-esteem high and always behaved gracefully.
They received knowledge since the birth on how to behave as a lady. At
the dinner table, an English family had a quiet and elegant attitude. The
family member should not speak while they eating. Especially for lady, her
duty at the dinner table was appearing serene and unruffled. She had to
eat slowly, not to slurp the soup, never chew with her mouth open, and
took no too much portion and it was not only applied at the family dinner,
but also in a formal dinner table. Some kinds of food were forbidden for
lady to eat, such as pork, certain kinds of fish, and some fruits. It relates to
the story of the novel and can be seen from the quotation below:
Papa’s voice echoed in her head, as it did at most mealtimes. A lady does not eat like a horse, Callie, but picks at her food daintily, like a little bird. With Papa’s critical eye on her, Callie never did enjoy a meal. No matter how delicately she picked at her food, no matter how often she came away from the table hungry, Papa’s gimlet eye was on her, and she always felt like a horse. … Callie started at the bird-portion sliver of bacon on her fork. All forms of pork are anathema to any female of taste. Rupert’s voice echoed in her head. (Gracie, 2008: 86-87).
Nicky hesitated and glanced at his mother. “Mama never eats pork,” he said. “Papa says – said it’s vulgar for ladies to eat pork.” (Gracie, 2008: 35).
Polite conversation also had a set of rules for England lady in 19th
century to follow. A polite young lady was told never to speak loudly or
with vulgarity, especially talked about her family or private matters to
another person who not related to her. She was not also too much smiling
and not act familiarly to the common people in the society, because they
had a different scale social class. It is also happen in the novel when
Princess Caroline remembered about what her father told her that she
should not raise her voice when she talked to a person.
Papa would have said, a princess does not raise her voice, Callie. A princess is not a fishwife. A princess remains serene and dignified at all times. Callie had lost her temper. She had raised her voice. For all she knew she’d even screeched like a fishwife – she’d certainly poked him in the chest like one. She had been neither serene, nor dignified. (Gracie, 2008: 86-87).
“How d’ye do, ma’am,” Barrow said. “So, you’re a widow, eh?” She blinked. The habit of common people to ask direct, personal questions still shocked her a little. It was not polite to inquire so intimately of a stranger. … (Gracie, 2008: 28).
… Barrow winked at Callie again. She gave him a quick smile. Five-and-twenty years of rigid training slipping away, unregretted. Papa would pointed out that is what came of such laxness – grooms winked at her in the most familiar way, and cooks cuddled her and called her lovie. (Gracie, 2008: 63-64).
Woman in 19th century England sometimes had no such choices in
marriage. The upper-class English women had married because of the
business, inheritance, blood-lines, or the reasons of state, and it was
rarely found an upper-class woman or a lady who was got married to a
gentleman for love. It was a hypocritical period when relationships were
quite artificial. This case has the similarities to the story of the novel, as we
know that Princess Caroline who was born from an upper-class family in
England must be had married with Prince Rupert who only expected a son
from her.
She sighed wistfully. It was something she’d never know. Princesses married for reasons of state, or for blood or fortune, not for love. She’d learned that the hard way. (Gracie, 2008: 41).
She shrugged and slapped on more ointment, almost angrily. “Rupert thought a young bride would be more fertile. I was his second wife, you see. The first one was barren.” She rubbed hard at Gabe’s skin. (Gracie, 2008: 148).
The 19th century of England was the time when women supposed
to take care of the home and not much else while her husband worked,
she were still confined in doing what she wanted. A wealthy wife was
supposed to spend her time reading, sewing, receiving guests, going
visiting, letter writing, seeing to the servants, and dressing for the part as
her husband’s social representative. In the story of the novel, the writer
can see that Princess Caroline had to spend her time in the royal house to
do embroidery which for her it was nothing useless for her to sewing.
“And I cannot seem to be interested in the important things.” “And what were the important things?” “Oh, you know, etiquette, diplomacy, female accomplishment – I mean, what is the point of embroidery?” she rolled her eyes. “The palace was full of the most hideous, perfectly executed pieces of embroidery – cushions, hangings, screens, - you name it, so there was no need for any more. But no, I must embroider.” “So, you hate sewing.” “No, I quite like sewing, but I like it to be useful. But a princess should do nothing useful. Or interesting.” She laughed wryly, thinking about it. “I don’t know who was more frustrated by me, Papa or Rupert.” (Callie, 2008: 146).
In every family of 19th century in England, it was not allowed for a
lady as a wife to precede the conversation or refute the words of her
husband, as we know from the explanation before that a lady should not
talk too much while she must be maintain her gracefulness. It was causing
for a lady difficult to express her opinion in the family. This case was also
happen in the novel when Princess Caroline tried harder to tell Count
Zabor that someone planned assassination to her son Prince Crown
Nikolai, but Count Zabor did not listen and only criticized her. The similarity
can be seen from the quotation below:
“You didn’t try to have Count Anton arrester?” Gabe asked. She threw up her hands. “Of course I did. I told Count Zabor – Uncle Otto – he is uncle to both my husband and Count Anton, and currently the regent, ruling on Nicky’s behalf until Nicky turns eighteen.” She threw up her hands in frustration. “Uncle Otto thinks I am just silly woman. He thinks I mollycoddle Nicky too much, and ‘worry my little head over nothing.’” She mimicked her voice. “It makes me so angry the way they all think they know better.” “Who do you mean by ‘they’?” She bared her teeth at him. “Men, of course.” (Gracie, 2008: 137).
The horse would move away and Nicky would try to ride it, but his leg didn’t have the strength, and after some bouncing around he would fall off. … Nothing she could say to Rupert had the slightest effect. Callie had begged and pleaded with him, then stormed and railed, but it had made no difference. She was just silly fearful woman and he was the prince: his word was law. (Gracie, 2008: 136).
Callie’s words had never heard, even by her own husband Prince
Rupert because as a woman or lady, she was not allowed to argue with
any men in the royal family. That was happened for every women in the
society of 19th century in England.
From all of the information related to the women social status or
their position in the society of the 19th century England, it can be
concluded that there is similarity between Princess Caroline behavior or
manners in The Stolen Princess novel and the woman social condition in
the 19th century of England. The women behavior, etiquette, and manners
in which reflected to the Anne Gracie’s novel The Stolen Princess,
describes the real condition of women social condition in England in the
19th century, such as their position in the society which their behavior,
etiquette, and manners were depend on the social class they belonged to.
Especially for the upper-class women or the ladies in the 19th century of
England, they must keep their behavior, moral, and dignity to show their
high social status and can be highly-respected in the society, for the good
name of her family.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
After analyzing the novel of Anne Gracie’s The Stolen Princess,
the writer draws the conclusion and suggestion which are based on the
analysis data from previous chapters.
A. Conclusion
There are two important things in this conclusion. The first one is
the woman behavior of Princess Caroline as the main character in the
novel, and the second one is the social condition of Princess Caroline
reflected in England women in 19th century.
Princess Caroline’s behavior as an upper-class lady in the novel
are identified when she remembered and told to people around her about
how was her behavior and etiquette since she lived with her father until got
married with Prince Rupert of Zindaria. Since Princess Caroline was a
child, she was taught by her father how to behave as a lady, such as how
she should act at home, at the dinner table, and in the public. As a lady,
Princess Caroline must obeyed her dad says, she even married Prince
Rupert in her very young age because of her father’s order. After Princess
Caroline had been married with Prince Rupert, she must obey any orders
given by her husband Prince Rupert and all of the rules in the royal family.
Princess Caroline sometimes felt restrained by the men around her who
were too strict and too much criticism to her life. After Prince Rupert died,
she escaped from Zindaria with her son Prince Nikolai to stay away from
Count Anton. There, she felt free and decide for living alone without any
man. Princess Caroline finally meet with Gabriel Renfrew who treated her
gently and promise to protecting her and Prince Nikolai. Gabriel Renfrew
never restrict what Princess Caroline wants to do, but she has to care
about her social status in the community.
Anne Gracie’s The Stolen Princess is set in the 19th century of
England. Princess Caroline’s social condition is reflected in England
women in 19th century. The writer finds that Princess Caroline social
condition in the novel have the similarity with upper-class women in 19th
century of England, such as behavior, manner, and etiquette. It is also
appearing the behavior differences between the upper-class and
commoner women. Princess Caroline’s father taught her about how a lady
spoke in public should remain calmly and graceful, unlike the commoner
women who speaks in a rudely high voice. Prince Rupert also forbid
Princess Caroline to eat any kind of pork because as an upper-class
woman it was too vulgar, but the commoner women could eat any food
what they want. It can be seen that the women’s behavior in 19th century
England has much differences depended on the social class they
belonged to.
From the explanation above, the writer also concludes that
Princess Caroline’s behavior as a lady embedded since she was child. As
a lady, she demanded to be graceful and good in behavior, manner, and
etiquette to make her highly respected in society. Princess Caroline as the
main character of the novel also has the similarity with England women in
the 19th century that the writer found from the analysis in the previous
chapter.
B. Suggestion
Based on the result of the analysis of Anne Gracie’s The Stolen
Princess and conclusion, the writer has to reflect the novel itself with the
real condition when it is created. The writer suggests to the reader who
wants to analyze Anne Gracie’s The Stolen Princess novel to elaborate
both intrinsic and extrinsic aspects. In The Stolen Princess novel, the
reader can find many interesting themes which it is not really difficult to
analyze.
The important one to understand is that the fictional works which
created by Anne Gracie does not only tell about the social condition of
women in the society of 19th century England, it is also appearing the
romance story between Princess Caroline and Gabriel Renfrew. So, the
writer suggests the readers to analyze the element of romance in the
novel. It is mentioned and described as important things in the novel and
for this reasons, the writer believes that they are also needed to be
analyzed.
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APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Synopsis of The Stolen Princess
The story is begin when Prince Nikolai’s puppy was dead after he
gave his milk to the puppy. Princess Caroline was very shock about it, she
suspicious that someone just tried to poisoning and assassinate her son.
So, she decided to flee and hide from Zindaria for her and her son Prince
Nikolai’s life, from people who had attempted to kill her son. Princess
Caroline’s husband Prince Rupert and her ambitious father are both dead,
she is the only one left to protect Prince Nikolai’s birthright because he
would be the heir to the throne of Zindaria.
Princess Caroline planned to visit and would be stay in her old ex
governess Miss J. Tibtorphe in Lulworth village, England. They tried to go
to Lulworth by across the English Channel, but their journey was not
smooth as they thought. Princess Caroline and her son was thrown off the
ship, she is incensed when the sailors dump her and Prince Nikolai into
the surf some mils down the coast from Lulworth, and in the middle of the
night. Princess Caroline and her son make their way to the top of the cliffs,
and suddenly a man who rode a big black horse almost hit Prince Nikolai’s
head. He was Gabriel Renfrew, a third son of an earl. Nobody was hurt
after the accident, but Princess Caroline immediately begins haranguing
him for endangering her son. As an apology, Gabriel Renfrew offered
Princess Caroline and her son to stay at his home, provided dry clothes
and food, and also received care from his servant Mrs. Barrow. There,
Princess Caroline disguised as a commoner, she take a fake name Mrs.
Prynne to conceal her identity.
Gabriel Renfrew’s home is a cheerful place, full of good foods and
friendly staff. That was what made Princess Caroline agreed to stay the
night. While Princess Caroline and Prince Nikolai stayed at Gabriel
Renfrew’s home, they learned to interact with commoners like Barrow and
his wife Mrs. Barrow. Prince Nikolai also can learn so much things that he
never got in the royal, he got a new poor commoner friend name Jim.
Princess Caroline and Prince Nikolai were felt free and happy about it
because they were free to do what they want without having to comply
with strict rules of royal.
The next day, Princess Caroline asked Gabriel Renfrew and Ethan
Delaney to guard her and Prince Nikolai to Miss J. Tibtorphe’s cottage in
Lulworth. There they found Miss J. Tibtorphe was held captive by Count
Anton’s men, but Gabriel Renfrew and Ethan Delaney can handle it by
fought with them while Princess Caroline, Prince Nikolai, and Miss J.
Tibtorphe tried to get Gabriel Renfrew’s home in Grange by the cattle.
Because of Count Anton anger, he burned Miss J. Tibtorphe’s cottage, so
Gabriel Renfrew asked her to stay at his home. It seems that whoever
wants Prince Nikolai dead has followed Princess Caroline and his son to
England. So, Gabriel Renfrew promise to Princess Caroline to keep her
and her son safe, while Gabriel Renfrew really fell in love with Princess
Caroline from the deepest of his heart. But she thought that after her
philandering late husband Prince Rupert died, she decided to never trust a
man again, she will not have a marriage with any man.
Princess Caroline’s secret about she is a princess from Zindaria
was revealed after the incident in Miss J. Tibtorphe’s cottage. The next
day, Princess Caroline took her son, Miss J. Tibtorphe, and Jim to London,
they had to bought some stuff and start a new life in London. They were
guarded by Gabriel Renfrew and his friends. Unsuspected, Count Anton
was overtake Princess Caroline and Prince Nikolai to London and made a
false statement to London government that Princess Caroline and Prince
Crown Nikolai from Zindaria had stolen by Gabriel Renfrew and Zindaria
kingdom asked for them to be returned. Princess Caroline very shocked
and asked Gabriel Renfrew’s brother Nash Renfrew who worked as a
diplomat in the governance to find a solution. The only one solution to
make Prince Nikolai stay close with Princess Caroline and kept him safe is
to change her citizenship status, she must be had married with Gabriel
Renfrew even it is a fake marriage. It was a very tough decision for
Princess Caroline who at the first she decided not to trust a man any more,
and Gabriel Renfrew who love Princess Caroline so much but he really
care about her decision to not had married with any man. But for Prince
Nikolai’s life, she will do anything. So, they were get married and got
support by Gabriel Renfrew’s aunt Lady Gosforth. They had a fake
marriage so Princess Caroline and her son Prince Nikolai will be under the
protection of England law instead. Although they only did a pretend
marriage, but step by step Princess Caroline began to fall in love with
Gabriel Renfrew.
On their wedding night dance party, Prince Nikolai silently stole by
Count Anton and his men. Everyone in Lady Gosforth’s house got
streaked and panic, Gabriel Renfrew felt guilty for not being able to keep
his promise to preserve and protect Prince Nikolai from Count Anton.
Prince Nikolai was still alive, so Gabriel Renfrew and his friends chased
after him. They found Prince Nikolai safely. He was escape by himself and
everyone really proud of him. Soon, Gabriel Renfrew took him to the inn
that not far from the place they met. Princess Caroline felt so relieved can
found her son safely, but suddenly Count Anton came to the inn. He
fought with Gabriel Renfrew but he was lose out. Because Count Anton
can not control his anger, so he tried to shoot Prince Nikolai, but Ethan
Delaney got on to protect him. Count Anton died after Gabriel Renfrew
shot him back. Captain Kordovski who at first got fooled by Count Anton
finally revealed the truth. He was fooled by Count Anton by told him that
Princess Caroline and Prince Crown Nikolai was stolen by Gabriel
Renfrew and all people in Zindaria felt worried of them. Captain Kordovski
asked Princess Caroline and Prince Crown Nikolai to get back to Zindaria
because everyone in Zindaria need them.
Princess Caroline decided to get back and took her ex governess
Miss J. Tibtorphe as her assistant, Prince Nikolai also asked his new friend
Jim to follow them to Zindaria and get educated there with him. Gabriel
Renfrew felt so sad about it because he really love Princess Caroline and
can not let her go. But Princess Caroline asked him to follow her to
Zindaria to be the real husband of her. It was so hard for Gabriel Renfrew
to decide and leave her house, friends, and family in Grange, but he will
do anything for the only woman that he love. So, he say goodbye to his life
in England and his pretend marriage with Princess Caroline now become a
true marriage.
Appendix 2: Biography of Anne Gracie
Award-winning author, Anne Gracie was born in Australia, but
lived in Scotland, Greece, and Malaysia, spent her childhood and youth on
the move because of her dad's job which took them around the world. The
gypsy life taught her that humor and love are universal languages. She
always loved stories. Once she learned to read, she spent her days
outside playing with the animals and when inside she read. For most of
her childhood, she did not have TV, so books have always been a big part
of her life. Travel was also a big part of her childhood. She spent a lot of
time driving from one part of Australia to another, visiting relatives or
friends or simply to see what was there. She had lived in Scotland,
Malaysia, and Greece. She travelled through Europe in caravan. She
learned about histories of Victorian era in 19th century by reading
Rosemary Sutcliffe, Henry Treece, and Georgette Heyer.
Gracie’s first job was in a dog and cat boarding kennels. A
voluntary job teaching women with the little kids English in their home
made her decide to become a teacher and she was done it ever since,
with bouts of traveling in between. One year while traveling, Gracie started
writing a story in a series of notebooks. That story never got published, but
the writing bug had bitten hard and she kept trying. She wrote her first
novel on notebooks bought in Quebec, Spain, Greece, and Indonesia. And
then she discovered romance and the rest is historical. As well as writing,
Anne teaches adult literacy, visiting some historical places, learned about
European history, and expressed her passion in literary works. After four
historical romances published by Harlequin, she moved to Berkley with the
Perfect Rake, and never looked back.
Anne Gracie is a former president of Romance Writers of
Australia, a three time RITA finalist, has twice won the Romantic Book of
the Year (Australia), the National Readers Choice Award (USA), and has
been listed in Library Journal USA.
She is had a number of different jobs, but because reading has
given her so much, Gracie has been a teacher for most of her working life,
teaching English and ESL, working in high schools and college. She now
teaches adults to read and write, where each step is cause for celebration.