title: dosage calculations: “making it real!” - · pdf filetitle: dosage...

Abstract # 2

Ursel, Barter

Title: DOSAGE CALCULATIONS: “MAKING IT REAL!”

Karen Ursel, RN, BN, MHSA Cathy Barter, RN, BScN, MN CON (c)

PhD student Instructor

University of New Brunswick - Moncton

Senior Nursing Instructor

University of New Brunswick - Moncton

Phone: (506) 856-2698

Email: [email protected]

Notes:

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Numeracy and dosage calculation are fundamental skills required to provide safe,

competent nursing practice which are tested throughout nursing programs. Ensuring

patient safety during the clinical practicum and into the future professional nursing

practice is an overarching goal of nursing academia.

This presentation will provide an overview of the ongoing challenges with dosage

calculations and the issues of numeracy within the nursing student population. The

presenters will explore some of the challenges nursing students encounter in

developing dosage calculation competency from a macro perspective. The literature

(Andrew et al., 2009; Wright, 2005, 2006) suggests that the key problem areas are

numeracy skills and the ability to contextualize the problem being asked. The

principles of Parse‟s(1998) Human Becoming theory will be used as a guide to reflect

with the students‟ responses to their numeracy challenges with traditional dosage

administration quizzes. The Faculty members‟ experiences with dosage calculation at

the Moncton campus will also be presented providing baseline statistics, year-to-year

comparisons, and the various strategies that have been utilized in NURS 3073 to

respond to the numeracy challenges.

With the successful project award from the UNB Teaching and Learning Project

Fund, entitled “Developing Numeracy in the Nursing Student Population”, by Dr. C

Aquino-Russell, Dr. J. Grant McLoughlin & K. Ursel, the presenters will share plans

for the project which is intended to address the numeracy skills of nursing students.

The project will involve engaging the mathematical education expertise of Dr. John

Grant McLoughlin, and his Faculty of Education students to work with the nursing

students in Moncton to overcome their “mathematical anxiety” and to enhance their

numeracy skills/competency.

mailto:[email protected]

Abstract # 3

Aquino-Russell, Russell

Title: IMMERSION IN ANOTHER CULTURE: CONSIDERING

PARADOXICAL EXPERIENCES IN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS

Dr. Catherine Aquino-Russell, RN, MN, PhD Dr. Roger Russell, PhD

Associate Professor Director, Professional Studies

UNB Faculty of Nursing - Moncton Campus Crandall University - Moncton

Phone: (506) 869-6592


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We have worked, learned, and lived in Indonesia. These experiences prompted

Roger‟s PhD dissertation entitled: Expatriate Managers’ Immersion in Another

Culture: A Phenomenological Study of Lived Experiences. The findings of this

research uncovered eight paradoxical experiences that were lived by persons who

were immersed in another culture. We have shared these paradoxes with others and

have found that they, too, have experienced similar situations and feelings. We believe

that these paradoxes are universal and could be viewed from the perspective of

teachers in university classrooms and their students, each of whom may or may not

“come from away”. By taking the opportunity to view these paradoxes from

individuals‟ perspectives, understanding will ensue about what it is like to be

immersed in another culture. Conference participants will transcend their

understanding -- to seeing the phenomenon (being immersed in another culture) in a

new light. This insight will assist teachers and students from different cultures to feel

understood and supported in classrooms.


Abstract # 4

Burke

Title: EMBRACING CREATIVITY TO ENHANCE REFLECTION AND

CRITICAL THINKING

Dawn Burke, RN, MN

Senior Teaching Associate

UNB Faculty of Nursing - Fredericton

Phone: (506) 458-7639


Notes:

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Registered nurses are expected to reflect on their nursing practice on an ongoing

basis1. This reflection encourages critical thinking. Recognizing that learners have

varying educational needs and styles I sought to combine the creative with the

reflective. In a two part assignment students first reflected independently on different

aspects of chronic illness through the lens of a camera. Following this, the learners

worked together in clinical groups to present how their photographs captured their

understanding of chronic illness. Students were creative in presenting their thoughts

and utilized such medium as creating videos, writing songs, scrapbooking,

incorporating music and power point. The idea to incorporate photo novella into

teaching was drawn from my thesis research where I explored the meaning of

spirituality in oncology and palliative care nursing by having the participants take

photographs to capture what spirituality meant to them 2. The participants articulated

how the process of taking photographs was beneficial in assisting their critical

thinking, insight and reflection. Since photo novella encourages critical thinking and

reflection3. I was motivated to merge this method into both the classroom and clinical

setting. By combining the use of photography and the arts with reflection on clinical

experiences, students are afforded the opportunity to reflect in such an in-depth

manner than encourages both personal and professional growth. Encouraging this type

of reflection early in their careers may provide nurses with a powerful ability to have

insight and strength to assist others, and may better enable them to experience long

lasting satisfaction and fulfillment as nurses


Abstract # 5

Doucet

Title: THE HEALTH MENTORS PROGRAM: AN INTERPROFESSIONAL

EXPERIENCE LEARNING FIRSTHAND ABOUT CHRONIC

CONDITIONS - A WORK IN PROGRESS

Shelley Doucet, RN, BN, MScN, PhD

Instructor, Department of Nursing & Health Sciences

University of New Brunswick – Saint John

Phone: (506) 645-9445


Notes:

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The Health Mentors Program (HMP) is an innovative learning opportunity that

introduces health professional students to patient/client-centred care, interprofessional

collaboration, and chronic illness and disability. Health Mentors are adult volunteers

with a chronic condition who share their experience with a small interprofessional

team who listen and learn, but do not provide treatment or advice. The HMP engages

almost 600 health professional students from Dalhousie University (17 programs) and

UNBSJ (1 program). Participating from New Brunswick are 30 medical students from

Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick and 18 nursing students from UNBSJ. The New

Brunswick students were organized into 15 teams of three to four students, each

having one mentor. Student teams met with their mentor four times over the academic

year, exploring their mentor‟s Life Story and Chronic Condition Journey.

The HMP is a work in progress, nearing the end of its pilot year. Anecdotal feedback

from students, supervisors, mentors and committee and working group members

reinforces the efficacy of the basic model, while highlighting the nature of

institutional commitment required to deliver a quality interprofessional program. The

planners and organizers of the program have found that their collaborative effort is in

itself a model of interprofessional interaction that provides a valuable underpinning

for the interprofessional experience offered to the students.

Interprofessional collaboration is a reality in today‟s health care system. The HMP

was developed as one way of providing a rich learning opportunity for a broad range

of health professional students that will prepare them to be respectful, caring, and

productive members of interprofessional teams in their practice. Lessons related to the

strengths and challenges of the interprofessional health mentor program will be

described.


Abstract # 6

Lessard

Title: EXPLORING REFLEXIVITY IN NURSING PRACTICE: A

CONCEPT ANALYSIS

Stacey Lessard, RN, BN

UNB MN Student - Fredericton

Mental Health Nurse, Department of National Defence

Phone : (506) 357-6842

E-mail: [email protected]

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Rigorous analysis of core nursing concepts serves to clarify definitions as well as

conceptual boundaries, attributes, and outcomes. In order for nursing to continue to

evolve in its knowledge as a discipline, concept analysis is imperative. This research

seeks to add such clarification to the concept of reflexivity within the nursing

discipline particularly as it applies to nurses in practice. Review of the literature

within nursing, education, and sociology disciplines has highlighted confusion and

lack of clarity regarding the meaning and application of the concept of reflexivity.

Reflexivity is most commonly used in qualitative research methodological discussions

as a means for the researcher to consider the influence one has on all aspects of the

study and its findings. In reference to nursing practice, reflexivity is often used

interchangeably with allied concepts such as reflection however it is also discussed as

a process nurses engage in to facilitate ethical decision making or to make

enhancements to their practice. Using Morse‟s Criterion-Based method of concept

analysis, this research will add clarity about reflexivity and determine its pragmatic

utility (usefulness) within nursing practice. Currently, thorough reading and analysis

of all relevant literature (critical appraisal) is being conducted with application of the

method‟s four guiding principles. This presentation will highlight Morse‟s method of

concept analysis, how it is being used to conduct this study, and what initial data

analysis has revealed thus far.


Abstract # 7

Rickards

Title: THE QUAGMIRE OF RESEARCH ETHICS WHEN STUDYING

FAMILIES: THINGS TO CONSIDER.

Tracey Rickards, RN, MN, PhD (c)

Dalhousie PhD Student - Fredericton

Senior Instructor

UNB Faculty of Nursing

Phone: (506) 447-3412


Notes:

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Developing a research study requires a great deal of work and dedication. You begin

with an idea that warrants further study, formulate a question, establish the method

that fits the question, embark upon the review of the literature, search for or develop

the research tools; finally pulling all this together into a research proposal. In order to

proceed, the next step is applying for approval from the research ethics board from

your institution, the institution in which you will do the research, or both. This may at

first seem fairly straight forward; simply complete the form, submit, wait, and voila!

Not so fast! When considering research on any subject there are a number of

mechanisms in place to consider the wellbeing and safety of the research participants.

No more so than in research involving families. When a research study calls for

inclusion of the input of children the simplicity and straightforwardness suddenly

disappears and becomes a quagmire. Using the backdrop of my own experiences with

seeking ethics approval for my doctoral research into the process of becoming a

lesbian headed step-family, I will discuss the multiple areas requiring thoughtful

consideration.


Abstract # 8

Poley

Title: THE EXPERIENCES AND SUPPORT NEEDS OF INTERNATIONALLY

EDUCATED NURSES FROM OUTSIDE OF NORTH AMERICA AND BRITAIN

IN NEW BRUNSWICK

Kimberley Poley, RN, BN

UNB MN Student - Fredericton

Research Assistant – UNB Fredericton

Phone : (506) 447-3042


Notes:

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Aim: This presenter will critically discuss two things: the challenges associated with

nurses from outside of North America and Britain seeking to become licensed to

practice in New Brunswick and a proposed qualitative study that will examine this

issue further.

Background: The current nursing workforce does not reflect the increasing cultural

diversity of the population of New Brunswick. According to the Nurses Association of

New Brunswick, applications for licensure by internationally educated nurses in New

Brunswick have doubled over the last two years. From January 2009 to September

2009 there were 57 applicants. The majority (26) were baccalaureate prepared nurses

from the Philippines.

Proposed Research Approach: The presenter will describe a proposed qualitative

study that she will complete as part of the requirements of a masters degree in nursing.

She welcomes critique of her proposed approach and hopes to engage the audience in

a thoughtful discussion of the proposed strategies and challenges associated with this

work.

Abstract # 9

Ballem

Title: EXPERIENCED NURSES’ PERCEPTIONS: NEW GRADUATES IN THE

WORKPLACE

Anne Ballem, RN, BN

UNB MN Student – Fredericton

Instructor, UNB Faculty of Nursing

Nurse Educator, Doctor Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital

Phone: (506) 452-5178


Notes:

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Experienced nurses are repeatedly asked to mentor new nurses in intense, demanding

work environments. Nursing graduates enter the workplace anticipating that

experienced nurses will guide and mentor them as they begin to develop clinical

expertise. Existing research showed that new nurses reported a lack of support,

negative interactions and bullying from experienced nurses. This understanding of

experienced nurses‟ views and behaviors was developed from perspectives of new

graduates. To gain an understanding of experienced nurses‟ perspectives of working

alongside new graduates in the workplace I interviewed eight nurses from two New

Brunswick hospitals. Narrative methodology provided these nurses the opportunity to

reflect on their experiences and share their perspectives of working with new

graduates. Analysis revealed that experienced nurses prepare in advance for working

with new graduates and mentoring adds significantly to experienced nurses‟ already

heavy patient assignments in intense workplaces. Experienced nurses are supportive

of new graduates‟ learning and skill acquisition yet participants‟ stories revealed some

actions inconsistent with their statements. The main themes identified were: new

graduates are coming, keeping us on our toes, and carrying the load. The findings

provide valuable information that will help nurses, educators, and managers gain a

greater understanding about what it is like for experienced nurses working with new

nurses. New graduates will benefit by having an understanding of experienced nurses‟

working lives prior to entering their world. The findings will help identify

interventions that can be initiated to formally support experienced nurses as they

mentor new nurses beginning practice.


Abstract # 10

Hurley

Title: ARISING FROM THE FALL: NURSES STORIES CARING FOR THE

FALLEN OLDER ADULT WITH DEMENTIA

Kathi Hurley, RN, BN

UNB MN Student - Moncton

Phone: (506)


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Older adults living in a long-term care facility experience a fall rate three times higher

than for those living at home. The health consequence of falling adds disturbing

adverse outcomes. Although patient safety initiatives are being implemented

nationwide, falls for the older adult with dementia living in a long-term care facility

remain a concern. To advance knowledge regarding effective fall prevention and early

intervention strategies, an approach to research that asks nurses -- as those closest to

the phenomenon of falls -- to share their knowledge and experiences is required. A

sample of no more than six registered nurses having cared for an older adult with

dementia living in a long-term care facility will be recruited through posters and

snowball sampling. Nurses will be interviewed separately in preferred locations.

These interviews will be transcribed and sub stories and themes will be identified. The

resulting stories and themes will be offered back to the nurses for validation and

additional information in a second interview. Asking nurses to share their experiences

will provide meaning and enhance our understanding around the complexity of care

encountered while attempting fall prevention and interventions. Narrative analysis will

draw on the wisdom ensconced in nurse‟s stories of caring for such patients who have

fallen. My project purports to generate knowledge that nurses and other healthcare

professionals as well as family members may consider when implementing effective

individualized interventions for reducing or eliminating falls for this population.

Subsequently, the findings may assist to improve the quality of life for older adult

with dementia living in a long- term care facility.


Abstract # 11

Cruttenden

Title: PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND THE ATLANTIC SENIORS’

HOUSING RESEARCH ALLIANCE STUDY

Kathleen Cruttenden, RN, PhD

Co-Investigator for NB

UNB Faculty of Nursing Adjunct Professor - Fredericton

Phone: (506) 451-6895


Notes:

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The Atlantic Seniors‟ Housing Research Alliance (ASHRA) was a Four--Phase

Atlantic seniors‟ housing and support study funded by a CURA grant from SSHRC.

The purpose of this presentation is to examine participatory research during the

quantitative part of Phase II with Stakeholders and Community Partners from four

Atlantic Provinces. Stakeholders and Partners participated in redesigning the CMHC

questionnaire, involving their communities to support data collection and later,

disseminating the findings. Participatory research is defined as inquiry with the

participation of those affected by an issue for the purpose of education and action for

affected change (Green et al., 1995. 4). Mutual education included learning validity

and reliability issues associated with redesigning an existing questionnaire as a user-

friendly survey tool, use of language, sampling and numbers of respondents required

for the study. The value of Participatory Research for seniors‟ policy-making is

discussed.


Abstract # 12

Wilkins

Title: PICTURE CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY! USING PHOTOGRAPHS AS

TOOLS TO EXPLORE THE COMPLEXITY OF CANCER RISK

Krista Lynn Wilkins, RN, PhD Assistant Professor

UNB Faculty of Nursing – Fredericton

Phone: (506) 447-3077


Notes:

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Background: Increasingly more researchers are recognizing that numbers alone are

not sufficient to understand the complexity of cancer risk. Much of the quantification

of cancer risk has arisen from secondary data sources, such as cancer registries, but

the variables captured do not fully reflect the complex regional circumstances and

dynamics of cancer risk. Visual methodologies may be used as tools to identify new

risk factors for cancer and point to social processes that might influence cancer risk.

Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to provide practical guidelines for (1)

designing photo-elicitation research, and (2) using the words and images that emerge

from that research as a new mode of communicating population health concepts, such

as cancer risk.

Methods: Steps involved in developing a photo-elicitation research study, and the

benefits and challenges of using photographs to engage participants in research will be

explored. Examples will be drawn from the presenter‟s pilot study on the “visual

epidemiology” of second cancer risk among cancer survivors.

Conclusions: When done well, photo-elicitation research can add depth and context to

the epidemiological inquiry of cancer risk. Taking photos will mean research

participants will physically interact with their community and reflect on objects they

may sometimes ignore in considering their cancer risk. The increasingly complex

issues faced by cancer patients and their families demand creative ways to research

solutions to their problems; thus, the time has come for photo-elicitation methods in

cancer epidemiology research.


Abstract # 13

Weaver

Title: IT’S NOT ABOUT FOOD! EXPERIENCES OF PEER FACILITATORS,

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH EATING ISSUES AND HIGHSCHOOL

STUDENTS AT-RISK

Kathryn Weaver, BN, MN, PhD

Professor

UNB Faculty of Nursing

Phone: (506) 458-7648


Notes:

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It’s Not about Food is a collaborative interdisciplinary research-based initiative

designed to help prevent and manage eating issues in the population of university

women students. A clinical placement for small groups of upper level Bachelor of

Nursing students during fall and winter semesters, It’s Not about Food uses peer

facilitated support, psychoeducation processes and feminist constructs to successfully

challenge narrow standards of beauty for women. The initiative has had exceptional

success which may be attributed to the ability of the peer facilitators to share social

and cultural narratives with those seeking help. In this presentation, I will briefly

outline the It’s Not about Food program including its key stakeholders, program

objectives and components, training materials and concurrent Harrison-McCain

funded research agenda. I will share feedback from nursing student peer facilitators

and the analysis of qualitative interviews with past program participants - university

women seeking help for eating issues and associated underpinnings of low self

esteem, disturbed body image and self neglect. Through outreach efforts to extend the

project beyond the university community, educational activities were also conducted

with at-risk middle school students. The positive benefits related to participation in the

project support peer-facilitated pedagogy to address eating and related issues within

campus and surrounding communities, furthering the recruitment and retention of

university students and enhancing health and well-being of all students


Abstract # 14

Getty, et al

Title: HEALTH AND SOCIAL SUPPORT NEEDS OF DESCENDANTS OF

RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL SURVIVORS

Grace Getty, RN, PhD (c)

Professor


Phone: (506) 453-4519


Co-Authored: J. Bartibogue, A. Colfer, D. Francis, M. Ingram, M. Martin, C. Milliea,

G. Nicholas, G. Paul, W. Perley, R Sappier, & E. Simon

Context: Residential School Survivors from Burnt Church, Elsipogtog, and Tobique

First nations advocated that a study be conducted with their descendants, recognizing

that the effects of their experiences at Shubenacadie Residential School had impacted

on their parenting practices and the lives of their children and grandchildren.

Research questions:

What do the descendants of Residential School Survivors understand about the

experiences of their family members while at „Shubie‟?

What were the experiences of descendants of residential schools growing up?

What suggestions for services did the descendants offer?

Method: A community-based participatory action research approach was used. A

research team was composed of Residential School Survivor Advocates, Community

Research Assistants, an Elder, and the Project Coordinator of the Mi‟kmaq/Maliseet

Healing Networking Center, and an academic researcher. Twenty-five descendants

from these communities were interviewed. The data were analyzed by the research

team for each community. The codes were entered into the Ethnograph program and

the report written by the academic researcher with feedback and corrections provided

by the First Nations members of the research team. The study findings were reported

to each of the participating communities. The data from this study have been returned

to the Co-ordinator of the Mi‟kmaq/Maliseet Healing Network.

Findings: The resilience of both Residential School Survivors and their descendants

was evident throughout this study as the descendants located the losses experienced

through the residential school experience within the historical, social, spiritual, and

physical losses endured throughout colonization. Descendants‟ life experiences were

described along with their efforts to heal. Suggestions for programs fell into the

categories of Therapeutic Healing, Reclaiming History, and Cultural Activities.

Twenty-four recommendations emerged from the experiences of the descendants and

their suggestions for health and social programs that would facilitate their families‟

healing.

Conclusions: The suggestions that emerged from this study frame a whole approach

to supporting the healing trajectory in which these families are engaged.


Abstract # 15

McCormack

Title: HEALTH DETERMINANTS THAT INFLUENCE THE HEALTH STATUS

OF HOMELESS PERSONS

Dianne McCormack, RN, PhD

Professor

Department of Nursing, UNB – Saint John

Phone: (506) 648-5734


Notes:

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One of the dominant health models in the Canadian Health Care System purported by

the Government of Canada is the Determinants of Health Model. A comprehensive

measure of health within this model is so difficult that most research studies focus on

narrow but manageable aspects of the determinants of health model. The McCormack

Assessment Scale for the Health of the Homeless (MASHH), inductively derived to

include the health experiences of homeless persons, is a response to this problem for

this population. Beginning evidence of reliability and validity indicate that MASHH

developed using a sequential triangulation design uncovered an internal structure of

health that identified the health determinants important to homeless persons,

delineated critical indicators contributing to health, and confirmed that health is

experienced within a social context. This presentation discusses one of the five study

purposes; to name the health determinants that influence the health status and make a

difference in the health experiences of persons who are homeless. Foundational to

attaining, maintaining, and regaining health for members of this population is the

requirement to identify and understand how diverse determinants influence health.


Abstract # 16

Yeomans, Reading

Title: A NOVEL TOPICAL OXYGEN THERAPY FOR TREATING

CUTANEOUS WOUNDS

Maggie Yeoman, BSc, BPHE, MSc (c) Stacey Reading, PhD

UNB Master of Kinesiology Student – Fredericton Assistant Professor

Faculty of Kinesiology

Phone: (506) 453-4893

E-mail: [email protected]

Notes:

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Participation in athletic training and competition can result in abrasion and blistering

of the foot skin. These injuries are not catastrophic yet they can delay training or

diminish performance. Any intervention that speeds healing will benefit the athlete.

Oxygen (O2) is critical to healing and excess O2 can accelerate the process in

epidermal tissue. Unfortunately, it is difficult to increase tissue O2 levels in the

absence of hyperbaric equipment. The present study tests the hypothesis that O2

enriched water is an effective vehicle for increasing the O2 partial pressure of tissues

(tcPO2) in the foot. To test our hypothesis, 20 subjects (25± 0.5yrs) sat at the end of a

bench and submerged each foot into a container of tap water (Control; 1.7±0.2 mg·L-1

O2, PO2≈50mmHg, 31.2±0.9C°) or oxygen-enriched water (High-O2; 63.3±0.8 mg·L-1

O2, PO2≈1010mmHg 33.8±1.4C°). O2 fluxoptodes were placed on the plantar surface

of the big toe and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probes were secured to the arch

of the foot. Skin PO2 was measured before and after 30 minutes of water submersion

and NIRS continuously monitored changes in haemoglobin (Hb) O2 status. Skin PO2

of the big toe was 86.7±4.3 and 81.7±4.9 mmHg for the Control and High-O2 groups

prior to treatment. Post-treatment, skin PO2 of Control feet decreased from

160.3±0.4mmHg to 81.7±4.9mmHg over 20 minutes. For High-O2 treated feet, skin

PO2 increased from 160.2±0.4mmHg to 237.2±9.9mmHg over the first 2 minutes and

was 117.3±10.1mmHg 20 minutes post-treatment. NIRS revealed that the total Hb

decreased during treatment suggesting that the High-O2 water decreased blood flow in

the foot (Control 0.1±0.9μM; High-O2 -2.4±0.4μM; p<0.05). Despite receiving less

blood, the total oxygenation index increased significantly in High-O2 water treated feet

(Control; -1.5±0.5: High-O2; 1.8±1.0%). These results suggest that oxygen-enriched

water can increase the PO2 in the skin of the foot. Since the skin can absorb

appreciable amounts of O2 from water, soaking in oxygen-enriched water may be a

novel treatment for superficial foot injuries.


Abstract # 17

Scott-Storey

Title: ABUSE AS A GENDERED RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Kelly Scott-Storey, RN, MN, PhD (c) Interdisciplinary PhD Student

University of New Brunswick


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Abuse as a Gendered Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects 1 in 3 Canadian women making it one of the

most serious health challenges facing women today. What is of concern is that while

CVD has been steadily decreasing among men, it is not decreasing as rapidly among

women for reasons that remain largely unknown. Investigation into risk factors for

CVD has primarily focused on sex-based differences with little attention paid to

gender-based differences. Exploration of gender-based differences is warranted to

better understand some of the discrepancies that exist between men and women with

respect to CVD and to better inform primary and secondary prevention efforts.

Interpersonal abuse is a serious gendered social issue affecting nearly half of Canadian

women. Abuse is a chronic stressor that is believed to increase the risk for CVD

primarily through behavioral, psychological, and biological pathways. Despite

emerging links, research examining the relationship between abuse and CVD is still

within its infancy. Using longitudinal data obtained from the Women‟s Health Effects

Study (2004-2010), this study proposes to test a multivariate model examining the

effects of lifetime abuse on CVD risk as mediated through CVD risk behaviors of

smoking and over-eating as well as changes in depressive symptomatology among

women who have left an abusive relationship. This doctoral research is funded

through the Regional Partnership Program involving collaboration with CIHR,

NBHRF, and the University of New Brunswick.


Abstract # 18

O’Donnell, MacIntosh

Title: SUPPORT NEEDS OF WOMEN BULLIED AT WORK

Sue O’Donnell, RN, MN, PhD (c) Judy MacIntosh, BN, MSc (A), PhD

UNB Interdisciplinary PhD candidate Professor, Assistant Dean R.F.D.


Phone: (506) 458-7638


Notes:

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Being bullied at work, characterized by persistent and repeated, offensive, unsafe,

unwanted or intimidating behaviours, and abuse of power and control, results in

significant costs to targets and organizations. Targets report physical, emotional, and

social consequences while organizations report lowered productivity and commitment,

difficulties recruiting and retaining, and increased costs of employee illness and

absenteeism. While personal and organizational costs of bullying are well

documented, targets continue to face challenges finding adequate and appropriate

support for addressing bullying.

Our feminist grounded theory study of 40 Canadian women resulted in a substantive

theory we named managing disruption explaining how women look after their health

following workplace bullying. Support emerged as an important contextual influence

throughout the theory and limited or enhanced women‟s capacity to care for health

and move on.

We focus on support expectations, resources, and outcomes for women bullied at

work. Women sometimes experienced support from unexpected sources and some

sources they expected to be supportive disappointed them. Useful sources of support

included informal help from family, friends, and coworkers and formal help from

workplace, healthcare, and legal professionals. Legislation, policies, and workplace

programs were influential sources of support when present. Support influenced

women‟s outcomes of productivity, commitment, morale, and health. Our findings

illustrate women‟s perceptions of the nature and availability of support as it influenced

health outcomes in workplace bullying. We explore implications of these findings for

working with women bullied at work.


Abstract # 19

Taylor

Title: THEORETICAL TRIANGULATION: DESIGNING RESEARCH TO

UNDERSTAND AND EMPOWER WOMEN WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED

VIOLENCE

Petrea Taylor, RN, BN, MN PhD Student- Interdisciplinary Studies

Phone: (506) 962-4690


Notes:

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How women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) receive help for

suicidal behaviour within psychiatric units is the area of study for my proposed

research. Oppressed on intersecting levels for being female, having experienced IPV,

being institutionalized, and having a mental illness, these women often receive

neglectful and unethical treatment within acute care facilities. Understanding their

experiences is an area of study requiring a research design capable of uncovering

power imbalances by capturing the complexities of the greater social-political

structures that influence their treatment within psychiatric units. This area of study is

also complex and multi-dimensional; therefore, integrating ideology from different

theories will help to meet the epistemological, methodological, and ethical needs of

the research.

Theoretical triangulation using feminism, grounded theory, and critical praxis

(Kushner & Morrow, 2003) is an integrated research design that will address my

proposed research goals to empower women who have experienced IPV and to

understand how they receive help in a psychiatric unit. Feminism and grounded theory

work well together because they both focus on how the person derives meaning from

their interaction with others and promotes equality within the researcher-participant

relationship (Plummer & Young, 2010). Furthermore, feminism and grounded theory

not only yield an understanding of women‟s experiences, but also a critical standpoint

that works to empower them by promoting change. This presentation will explore the

benefits and challenges of using the grounded theory research method within a

feminist framework and how this theoretical „marriage‟ provides opportunities for

critical praxis.


Abstract # 20

O’Donnell

Title: GENDERED EXPERIENCES OF WORKPLACE BULLYING AMONG MEN

Sue O’Donnell, RN, MN, PhD (c)

UNB Interdisciplinary PhD candidate

Phone: (506) 455-8434


Notes:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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Workplace bullying is a serious workplace health issue that presents negative and

lasting consequences. Bullying affects both men and women and is characterized by

persistent and repeated offensive, unsafe, unwanted, degrading or intimidating

behaviours and the abuse of power or control. Even though gender is increasingly

being recognized as an important determinant of health, thus far gender has not been a

central feature of research on workplace bullying. Further, based on what little

research is available, sex differences are often mistakenly reported as gender

differences. Men may face different challenges than women when they are bullied for

a number of reasons. In addition to biological and psychological differences, gender

norms and gender socialization may influence this process. When experiencing health

problems for example, overall, men are less likely than women to seek help from

health professionals, particularly when suffering from emotional health issues. Men

are also more hesitant to disclose concerns and ask questions and less likely to follow

health care recommendations than women. If and how these realities influence men‟s

experiences of and responses to bullying, a workplace problem that compromises

health and often requires seeking help, is unknown. Using a qualitative grounded

theory method, men from across New Brunswick will be interviewed to talk about

their experiences of bullying. By exploring this problem with men, this research will

provide an understanding the interplay of gender with health and health behaviours in

the context of men‟s experiences of bullying. This presentation will focus on the

design and preliminary findings of this research.


Abstract # 21

Wuest, et al

Title: EXAMINING THE FEASIBILITY AND EFFICACY OF A GROUNDED

THEORY-BASED HEALTH INTERVENTION FOR WOMEN IN THE EARLY

YEARS AFTER LEAVING AN ABUSIVE PARTNER: A PARTNERSHIP

APPROACH

Judith Wuest, BScN, RN, PhD

Honorary Research Professor


Phone: (506) 458-7666


Co-Authors: M. Merritt-Gray, M. Hodgins, N. Dubé, J. Majerovich, M. Ford-Gilboe,

C. Varcoe

Knowledge of how to address health problems associated with IPV to reduce long-

term morbidity and mortality is scant. In a grounded theory study, we found that

abuse-related health problems, along with ongoing violence, life changes, and costs of

getting help, were a form of intrusion that interfered with women taking control of

their lives after separation from an abusive partner but that women were able to

strengthen their capacity to limit intrusion. In our longitudinal study of women who

had separated from an abusive partner, women had poorer physical and mental health

than Canadian women in general, evident in high rates of chronic disabling pain,

cardiovascular risk, and symptoms of depression and PTSD. Despite higher health

service use, women experienced little relief of symptoms.

Based on these findings, we conceptualized a theory-based intervention called iHeal

to improve women‟s health and quality of life after leaving by reducing intrusion, and

increasing their capacities to manage intrusion. The 6-month intervention was

designed to be delivered collaboratively by a nurse and domestic violence outreach

worker.

A partnership among academic researchers, Liberty Lane Inc, NB Women‟s Issues

Branch, and NB Department of Health received funding from CIHR and NBHRF to

examine the feasibility and efficacy of nurses delivering the iHEAL in collaboration

with existing NB outreach services for 50 abused women in four communities using a

pretest-posttest-6 month follow-up, repeated measures and a process evaluation. We

will briefly describe how our previous research findings informed the development of

the iHEAL program and our progress to date in our feasibility study. The findings of

our study will expand understanding how the capacity of abused women may be

enhanced through innovative community-based intersectoral approaches to health care

delivery.


Abstract # 22

Tryphonopoulos, Letourneau

Title: PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION GUIDANCE TO IMPROVE

MATERNAL-INFANT RELATIONSHIPS OF DEPRESSED MOTHERS: A

RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (RTC)

Penny Tryphonopoulos, RN, BN, PhD (c) Nicole Letourneau, RN, PhD

UNB Interdisciplinary PhD candidate Professor, Canada Research Chair

UNB Faculty of Nursing – Fredericton Project

Director

Faculty of Nursing - University of New Brunswick

Phone: (506) 447-3043


Background: Mothers and infants in stressful environments, such as those affected by

Postpartum Depression (PPD), are known to have both reduced quality maternal-

infant interactions and elevated cortisol levels. Both elevated cortisol levels and poor

quality maternal-infant interactions associated with PPD negatively affect

developmental outcomes in children and cause decreased resiliency to stressors later

in life (Essex et al., 2002; Gunnar & Donzella, 2002). Maternal depression calls for

immediate intervention for a mother-infant dyad; however, researchers are only

beginning to identify effective methods for enhancing relationship quality between

depressed mothers and their infants (van Doesum, Hosman, & Riksen-Walraven,

2005). Maternal depressive symptoms may be improved via parental training

interventions that promote sensitive and responsive maternal-infant interactions. The

effect that these interventions may have on cortisol levels in mothers and their infants

also requires investigation, especially given that cortisol is often used as an outcome

measure in intervention studies that address compromised caregiving environments.

Purpose: This study seeks to disentangle the observed relationships between PPD,

maternal-infant interaction quality and cortisol levels while also testing the efficacy of

a professional interaction guidance intervention designed to improve the relationships

of these dyads.

Methods: This RCT will utilize both qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate

the intervention. Intervention mothers will receive video-feedback interaction

guidance from the Primary Investigator, an RN.

Program Implications: This research is poised to fill critical gaps in understanding

the reciprocal relationship between parenting quality, maternal mood, and stress. The

proposed presentation will describe the study background, methods, and preliminary

findings.

mailto:%[email protected]

Abstract # 23

Aldous

Title: PARENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF FEEDING A CHILD WHO HAS DEVELOPED

OVERWEIGHT

Sarah Aldous, RN, BN

MN Student – Fredericton

Senior Program Advisor

Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health

Department of Health, NB

Phone : (506) 849-7323


Notes :

________________________________________________________________________

Over the past 25 years there has been a threefold rise in childhood obesity rates in

Canada. Parent perspectives about the development of weight problems in children

have been under researched. This study used a Narrative Methodology framework to

elicit the stories, opinions and experiences of six parents who were asked to recall the

feeding experiences of their, now overweight or obese, child.

Overarching concepts during the analysis of tape-recorded interviews included stigma,

struggles to feed and maternal isolation in the feeding experience. Five collective

areas of experience emerged as issues of association, instruction, dimension, provision

and perception. Association included relationships, instruction involved ways in

which mothers were informed about feeding and dimension incorporated a child‟s size

or age, or time scales. Provision encompassed ways mothers fed their children and

perception comprised participants‟ feelings, experiences and beliefs about feeding

their children.

Data emerged as poetry and was used to enhance participant expression and impact

the reader. From the data obtained from these interviews and poems, new knowledge

has been acquired pertaining to parents‟ experiences of feeding. Health professionals

may be able to apply this information to the prevention or family management of child

overweight and obesity in order to empower and educate new parents. The study may

also contribute to policy decisions regarding early nutrition and child development

programmes. These are particularly relevant for parents of high risk babies whose

parents have a history of obesity or for parents whose ability to provide a healthy

nutritious diet during infancy is compromised.


Abstract # 24

Tryphonopoulos, Letourneau

Title: IDENTIFYING THE SUPPORT NEEDS OF FATHERS AFFECTED BY

POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

Penny Tryphonopoulos, RN, PhD (c) Nicole Letourneau, RN, PhD

UNB Interdisciplinary PhD candidate Professor, Canada Research Chair


Project Director

Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick

Phone: (506) 447-3043


Notes:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Maternal postpartum depression (PPD) has been extensively studied in the last

decade; however, much less is known about the impact of PPD on fathers. Up to 50%

of partners of women with PPD also have depressive symptoms. Co-morbidity has

been found to have an additive effect on child development, putting children with two

depressed parents at significantly greater risk for poor developmental outcomes

compared to those with one affected parent. Like mothers, the emotional well-being

of fathers has been shown to have an impact on the father-infant interaction and may

result in long-term behavioural problems in children. Unfortunately, researchers have

paid limited attention to supporting fathers as they cope with depression in their

partner or in combination with their own paternal depression. This is a serious

knowledge gap considering fathers have been clearly shown to be the most significant

source of support for new mothers suffering from PPD. Though fathers are a natural

source of support for many women, fathers‟ depressive symptoms are likely to

decrease their ability to provide maternal support. The objective of this study was (1)

to describe the experiences, support needs, resources, barriers and preferences for

support of fathers whose partners have had PPD and, (2) to develop a support

intervention for fathers affected by postpartum depression. Qualitative methods and

community-based research approaches were used in this Canada-wide

exploratory/descriptive study. Telephone interviews were conducted with a total of 36

fathers. The proposed presentation will describe the study‟s methods, analyses, results,

and plans for future research.

mailto:%[email protected]

Abstract # 25

Herbert

Title: LESSONS LEARNED FROM A RCT TO HELP PARENTS MAKE THEIR

HOMES SMOKE-FREE

Rosemary Herbert, RN, PhD

Associate Professor

University of Prince Edward Island – School of Nursing

Phone: (902) 566-0788


Notes:

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________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Rationale: One in twenty Canadian children aged 0-11 years are exposed to

environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home. The objective of this randomized

controlled trial was to test if parents‟ participation in an intervention based on an

empowerment ideology and participatory experiences decreased the number of

cigarettes smoked in homes where children ≤ 5 years resided.

Methods: Sixty families were randomized to the intervention (n=30) or control

(n=30) groups. The intervention included three weekly group sessions followed by

three weekly follow-up telephone calls over six consecutive weeks. Parents shared

experiences about ETS, identified personal strengths and resources, and developed

action plans. Data were collected in interviewer-administered questionnaires at

baseline and six months follow-up.

Results: Ninety-three percent of the sample consisted of mothers, 77% of whom

smoked during pregnancy. Forty-two percent of the total sample reported a household

income of <$15,000. The median number of cigarettes smoked in the home daily

decreased from 18 to 4 in the total sample however no statistically significant

difference was detected between groups at six months follow-up.

Conclusions: Participation in the study, independent of group, may have resulted in

parents decreasing the number of cigarettes smoked in the home. Valuable lessons

were learned about recruiting and working with this group of parents, all of whom

faced challenges associated with tobacco, and almost half of whom lived in poverty.

Sources of funding: Canadian Tobacco Control Research Initiative, Canadian Nurses

Respiratory Society, Canadian Nurses Foundation Nursing Care Partnership, PEI

Lung Association, PEI Cancer Control.


Abstract # 26

Bulman, Mathews, Parsons

Title: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON HIV SCREENING DURING PREGNANCY:

DOES AN OPT-OUT POLICY BENEFIT PREGNANT WOMEN?

Donna Bulman, BN, PhD

Assistant Professor


Maria Mathews, BSc, BA, MHSA, PhD – Assistant Professor, Memorial University

Karen Parsons, BN, MN, PhD – Associate Professor, Memorial University

Phone: (506) 458-7636


Notes:

_____________________________________________________________________

Objective

The presenter will outline the difference between opt-out and opt-in policies in

maternal HIV/AIDS screening. Findings from a recent study will be presented. The

purpose of the study was to obtain an increased understanding of the information

women receive about HIV/AIDS during pre-natal screening.

Methodology

This is an exploratory qualitative research study that was carried out in

Newfoundland and Labrador between 2007 and 2008. There were eleven

participants in the study. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and women

were asked to reflect upon their experiences of maternal HIV/AIDS screening. A

thematic analysis occurred and the data was interpreted using a human rights and

policy-related lens.

Findings

Four key themes were present in the data. They were that misconceptions about the

purpose of maternal HIV screening are present, that misunderstandings exist about

the right to refuse screening that physicians used paternalistic decision making in

their approach to pre-natal HIV screening, and that women struggled with juggling

the responsibility for their own health and that of their unborn child.

Conclusion

The guidelines for maternal opt-out screening developed by the Society of

Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada are not consistently followed in

Newfoundland and Labrador. This may represent a missed opportunity for women

to develop new understandings about HIV prevention and to make informed choices

about their health care.


Abstract # 27

MacIntosh, Jones

Poster

Title: WORKPLACE BULLYING IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF WOMEN

EXPERIENCING PARTNER ABUSE

Judith MacIntosh, BN, MSc (A), PhD Serna Jones, RN, BN

Professor, Assistant Dean Research & Faculty Development MN Student - UNB


Phone: (506) 458-7638


Notes:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

The Women‟s Health Effects Study is a longitudinal investigation of a community

sample of 309 women from three Canadian provinces. We used interviews to collect

data annually for five years in order to describe changes in women‟s health and

resources after leaving an abusive partner, to explore interrelationships between past

and ongoing violence and access to resources, and to estimate economic costs

associated with women‟s efforts to manage. We used standardized self-report

measures, survey questions, and bio-physical measures. In Waves 2, 3, and 4 of data

collection, we explored experiences of these women with workplace bullying.

Initial analysis shows that over three-quarters of women studied reported experiencing

workplace bullying, largely psychological abuse. Most women reported feeling „a

moderate amount‟ to „a lot‟ of distress and harmful effects on their health, friendships,

work, interactions with people at work, and feelings about themselves. Many women

reported that being bullied affected economic situations, what kinds of jobs they

would consider, and their search for work.

We discuss our preliminary analysis about workplace bullying and its impact on the

lives of women who had experienced partner abuse. We also discuss implications for

working with women who have had these two types of abuse experiences.


Abstract # 28

MacDonald, Gibson

Poster

Title: PARENTING CHILDREN REQUIRING COMPLEX CARE AT

HOME: RE-VISITING NORMALISATION AND STIGMA

Heather MacDonald, RN, PhD Cheryl Gibson, RN, PhD

Professor, BN Program Director Retired Dean

UNB Faculty of Nursing – Fredericton UNB Faculty of Nursing – Fredericton

Phone: (506) 458-7644

Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Notes:

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________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________

The objective of this study is to increase our understanding about the impact of stigma

and normalization on parents of children who require complex care. This paper

focuses on normalization and stigma, two phenomenon that were extracted from the

findings of an ethnographic study that explored parents‟, nurses‟, and social workers‟

beliefs and experiences with respite services. In depth interviews and participant

observation were conducted with 47 participants that included 19 mothers, 4 fathers,

and 7 grandparents of children who required complex care and, 13 nurses and 4 social

workers. Issues of normalization and stigma emerged from the data. Unlike parents of

children with various chronic illnesses, these parents were not able to use

normalization as described in the literature. Parents of children requiring complex care

described normalization as keeping up appearances and as escaping. Normalization,

to them, was about counter-acting stigma. The findings of this study have important

implications for practice. Rather than encouraging parents to use normalization as

defined in the literature, clinicians should seek ways in which the parents see

themselves as normal. In this study one of the ways for parents to achieve feelings of

normalcy was to escape from their care giving role for a period of respite.



Abstract # 29

Wilkins, Woodgate

Poster

Title: A MIXED METHOD STUDY OF SECOND CANCER RISK AMONG

CANCER SURVIVORS

Krista Lynn Wilkins, RN, PhD Roberta Woodgate, RN, PhD

Assistant Professor Associate Professor

UNB Faculty of Nursing – Fredericton University of Manitoba

Phone: (506) 447-3077


Notes:

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Background: Recent research shows that cancer survivors are at greater risk of

developing cancer than the general population. Knowledge of the magnitude of second

cancer risk among cancer survivors, and factors influencing that risk is urgently

needed to improve the health of cancer survivors.

Purpose: An exploratory mixed method study was conducted to provide a detailed

understanding of second cancer risks among cancer survivors.

Methods: Data collection methods included: (1) qualitative survey of current follow-

up cancer care practices, (2) population-based health databases (cancer registry and

health insurance databases), and (3) qualitative interviews on how cancer survivors

interpret and manage second cancer risk.

Findings: Coordinated follow-up cancer services are not universally available across

Canada. Yet, cancer survivors have a 4-7-fold increased risk of developing cancer

compared to the general population in Nova Scotia and Manitoba, respectively.

Second cancer risk varied by demographic and disease-related factors, such as age at

first cancer diagnosis, cancer type, treatment era, and time since diagnosis. Second

cancer risk does not exist only as an epidemiological calculation. Second cancer risk,

from the perspective of cancer survivors, is shaped by more intuitive conceptual

models than statistical models of risk. The theme, Life after Cancer – Living with

Risk, described survivors‟ sense that second cancer risk is a part of their everyday

lives.

Conclusions: Study results provide foundational knowledge about the nature of

second cancer risk that may be used to develop and refine standards for survivorship

care, including how second cancer risk can be best managed.


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