tissues
DESCRIPTION
this ppt is all about tissues it contains full information and pictures about plant tissues and animal tissues hope the people who download it will not get any time wasted cause it is fully containing info n pics but u guys have to do the animataions...... :):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):)):):):):):):):):)::):):):):):):)):):):)TRANSCRIPT
BY: HAMZA M.AZAMCLASS : IX
TISSUES
A group or collection of similar cells
performing or help to perform same function and arise from the same origin are called tissues.
The tissues are of different types depending on the functions of the organism, they are mainly of two categories PLANT TISSUES and ANIMAL TISSUES.
DEFINITION
Plants perform functions which are different from animals and also their structure is different , hence they have tissues which are different from animals. They are further classified into many sub categories which is shown in the table below:
PLANT TISSUES
The main characteristic of this tissue is that it is responsible for the growth of plants.
The cells of this tissue continuously divide and later differentiate ( i.e. get converted ) into permanent tissue.
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
The cells are made of thin & elastic cell wall made of cellulose.
The cells may be round , oval, polygonal or rectangular in shape.
They are compact, having no intercellular space.
There is a large nucleus and abundant cytoplasm.
The protoplasm contains very few or no vacuoles at all.
Characteristics of the cells/ tissue
This is so because in plant body growth occurs only at these regions.
Hence , on the basis of this there are 3 types of meristem :
1. APICAL MERISTEM 2. INTERCALARY
MERISTEM 3. LATERAL MERISTEM
This tissue occurs at specific regions of the plant body
APICAL MERISTEM As the name
suggests this tissue is present at the apex of the main & lateral shoots and roots.
This tissue gives the plant body a linear growth.
LATERAL MERISTEMThis tissue lies on the
sides of the plant body.
It lies under the bark of the plant in form of cork cambium.
It gives the plant it’s width or girth.
INTERCALARY MERISTEM
This tissue is present at the base of the nodes, internodes, leaves etc.
They are also present in between the permanent tissue.
They give the plant growth in length.
These tissues arise from the meristematic tissue.
The cells of this tissue gradually loose their power to divide and acquire a definite shape, size and function.
These tissues may be living or dead.There are 2 types of permanent tissues1. Simple permanent tissue2. Complex permanent tissue.
PERMANENT TISSUE
This tissue comprises of same type of cells which perform the same function and all arise from the same origin. There are three categories of simple permanent tissues: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, & Sclerenchyma.
SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE
THE THREE SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUES
PARENCHYMACharacteristics: a) The cells are living.b) The cells are thin walled.c) There may or may not
be intercellular spaces. d) They are the most
unspecialized cells.e) No depositions are seen,
the cell wall consists only of cellulose.
f) There is a prominent nucleus, cytoplasm & vacuoles.
There are some special types of parenchyma tissues :
Storage parenchyma : The cells enlarge to store nutrients & water.
Aerenchyma : Air cavities are present in the parenchyma tissue to provide buoyancy to the aquatic plants.
Chlorenchyma : These parenchyma cells have presence of chlorophyll & hence can perform the function of photosynthesis.
Parenchyma tissue is found generally in all parts of the plant body. It forms the Ground tissue in leaves, stem, roots & fruits etc.
a) To store materials such as starch, proteins, hormones etc and waste products such as gum, tannin, resin etc.
b) Parenchyma cells perform the metabolic activities of the plant.
c) Forms the packaging tissue between the specialized tissue.
d) By providing turgidity , they provide mechanical strength.
e) Chlorenchyma helps in performing photosynthesis.
Functions of parenchyma
COLLENCHYMA
Characteristics:a) It has cells which are
somewhat elongated.b) The cell walls are thin
except at the angular region ( where the cells join). The thickenings are caused due to deposition of cellulose or pectin.
c) There is o or less intercellular space.
d) The cells are living, have distinct nucleus & dense protoplasm.
e) They often contain chlorophyll.
Functions : a) Providing mechanical
strength is the primary function.
b) Provide flexibility.c) Photosynthesis, as
they contain chlorophyll.
They are present below the epidermis in dicot stems and leaves. They absent in dicot roots and all parts of monocot plants.
SCLERENCHYMA
ANIMAL TISSUES
TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUE
TYPE STRUCTURE LOCATION FUNCTION
CUBOIDALEPITHELIUM
CUBE LIKE CELLSWITH NUCLEUS AT THE CENTRE
•LINING OF KIDNEY• TUBULES•SALIVARY,SWEAT & PANCREATIC DUCTS.
•SECTRETION• EXCRETION & ABSORPTION
COLUMNAREPITHELIUM
TALL,PILLAR OR COLUMN LIKE CELLSWITH NUCLEUS TOWARDS THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE
•LINING OF THE STOMACH•LINING OF THE INTESTINE & GALL BLADDER
•SECTRETION• EXCRETION & ABSORPTION• MUCOUS IS SECRETED.
CILIATED EPITHELIUM
CERTAIN CUBOIDAL & COLUMNAR HAVE CILIA AT THEIR FREE END.
OVIDUCTS, TRACHEA, BRONCHIOLES & IN NEPHRONES OF KIDNEY
MOVEMENT OF CILIA BRINGS ABOUT MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES IN ONE DIRECTION
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
CUBOIDAL & COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM ARE MODIFIED INTO GLANDS
SALIVARY, GASTRIC, INTESTINAL , SWEAT GLANDS, ADRENAL AND THYROID GLANDS.
SECRETE ENZYMES, MUCOUS OR HOMONES.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
More than one layer of cell is present.
STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
TYPE STRUCTURE LOCATION FUNCTION
SQUAMOUSEPITHELIUM
THIN FLATTENED CELLS, WITH A CENTRALLY PLACED NUCLEUS, COMPACTLY ARRANGED.
•FORM LINING OF MOUTH, OESOPHAGUS AND LUNGS.•INNER LINING OF BLOOD VESSELS•IN FORM OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM IT COVERS THE SKIN SURFACE
* DIFFUSION OF MATERIALS OR EXCHANGE OF GASSES. * PROTECTION FROM CHEMICALS, MECHANICAL INJURY, ENTRY OF GERMS & DRYING.
They have the basic characteristics as : Cells, which are loosely packed, fibres which
are scattered in between the cells and matrix which is the ground tissue.
It may be jelly like fluid, dense and/ or rigid.They are located widely throughout the body,
present between different tissues and organs.They mainly function in binding , packaging &
other functions as storing fats, transporting substances etc.
CONNETIVE TISSUES
Our body contains two liquid connective tissues:
1) blood 2) lymph Blood is the major liquid connective tissue. It’s
constituents are divided into two types Liquid : plasma Solid : corpuscles [ cells]
Liquid connective tissue
It is a straw coloured liquid and constitutes 55% of the blood.
90 – 92% of plasma is water while 6-8% is proteins such as fibrinogen etc.
Plasma without coagulation proteins is known as serum.
It contains mineral ions and other organic compounds like glucose, amino acids, lipids, hormones, vitamins etc.
Plasma
RBC WBC PLATELETS
1. They are biconcave & appear disc like concave structures.
1. They are round or irregular in shape
1. Smallest and irregularly shaped.
2. Do not have nucleus. 2. Have a prominent nucleus which can be lobed. They can have granulated or granulated cytoplasm.
2. Colorless
3. They are red due to presence of respiratory pigment - Hemoglobin.
3. It is colorless . -----------------------------------
4. Transports oxygen & carbon dioxide.
4. Acts to protect against the diseases.
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5. Formed in the bone marrow from the stem cells.
5. There are 5 types of WBC NEUTROPHILS, ACIDOPHILS, BASOPHILS, LEUCOCYTES & MONOCYTES.
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6. Survive for 121 days and destroyed in spleen liver
6. Formed in the bone marrow from stem cells.
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CORPUSCLES /CELLS