TISSUESTISSUESEpithelialEpithelial

ConnectiveConnectiveMuscle Muscle NervousNervous

EPITHELIALEPITHELIAL superficial layers of mucous superficial layers of mucous

membranes, cells comprising skin, membranes, cells comprising skin, cells lining body cavities and cells lining body cavities and connecting tubesconnecting tubes

Minimal intercellular materialMinimal intercellular material Tightly packed cell sheetsTightly packed cell sheets characteristicscharacteristics

• Many or few layersMany or few layers• Ciliated or notCiliated or not• Glandular or notGlandular or not

blood vessels, heart, alveoli, lymph vessels secretory function as in thyroid

stomach, intestines, gall bladder

skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus

Ciliated

nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Lining of bladder

Epithelial Tissue

Connective TissueConnective Tissue

Solid, liquid , gelSolid, liquid , gel Primarily matrix (intercellular Primarily matrix (intercellular

material) which binds cellsmaterial) which binds cells May be loose or denseMay be loose or dense

Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue AreolarAreolar

• Supportive, elastic, weave of flexible Supportive, elastic, weave of flexible collagencollagen

• Between muscles & supports organsBetween muscles & supports organs AdiposeAdipose

• Fat cells found below skin in subcutaneous Fat cells found below skin in subcutaneous fasciafascia

• Between muscles and organsBetween muscles and organs LymphoidLymphoid

• LymphocytesLymphocytes• Tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodesTonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue

White FibrousWhite Fibrous• Unyielding, strong, closely packedUnyielding, strong, closely packed• Ligaments, tendons, aponeurosesLigaments, tendons, aponeuroses• Fascia covering of organsFascia covering of organs

Yellow ElasticYellow Elastic• Elastic, has recoilElastic, has recoil• Cartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungsCartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungs• Some ligaments Some ligaments

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue TendonTendon

• Tough, non elasticTough, non elastic• Great tensile strength, keeps fibers Great tensile strength, keeps fibers

from being separated when pulledfrom being separated when pulled• Reduced compressive strength, Reduced compressive strength,

keeps fibers from being crushedkeeps fibers from being crushed• Always associated with a muscleAlways associated with a muscle• Attaches muscle to bone, cartilage Attaches muscle to bone, cartilage

and to each otherand to each other• Aponeuroses, flat tendon sheetAponeuroses, flat tendon sheet

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue

LigamentLigament• Great tensile strength, none or Great tensile strength, none or

little stretchlittle stretch• Bind bone to bone, bone to Bind bone to bone, bone to

cartilage, cartilage to cartilage-cartilage, cartilage to cartilage-skeletalskeletal

• Bind organs to organs- visceralBind organs to organs- visceral

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue FasciaFascia

• All dense connective tissue other All dense connective tissue other than tendons, aponeuroses or than tendons, aponeuroses or ligamentligament

• Found throughout the bodyFound throughout the body• Usually in the form of membranous Usually in the form of membranous

sheetssheets• Commonly associated with muscles: Commonly associated with muscles:

endomesium, perimesium, endomesium, perimesium, epimysiumepimysium

Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesCartilage Cartilage

HyalineHyaline• Both tensile and compressive Both tensile and compressive

strengthstrength• Covers articular surfaces of boneCovers articular surfaces of bone• Non-articular surfaces of cartilage Non-articular surfaces of cartilage

are perichondrium covered are perichondrium covered • Calcification or ossification with ageCalcification or ossification with age• Found in chondral/costal portion of Found in chondral/costal portion of

ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial passagespassages

Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesCartilageCartilage

Fibro-cartilageFibro-cartilage• Dense ,white, flexible fibersDense ,white, flexible fibers• Found in some joints in the bodyFound in some joints in the body• Intervertebral discsIntervertebral discs

Yellow-elasticYellow-elastic• Firm elastic fibersFirm elastic fibers• Found in the pinna, epiglottisFound in the pinna, epiglottis

Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesBone/osseousBone/osseous

All bone begins as cartilageAll bone begins as cartilage Provide rigid skeletal supportProvide rigid skeletal support Dense or compactDense or compact Lamellar or sheet like structureLamellar or sheet like structure

• Great tensile and compressive strengthGreat tensile and compressive strength Spongy or porousSpongy or porous

• Appears porous microscopicallyAppears porous microscopically• Contains marrow that produces red and Contains marrow that produces red and

white blood cells, blood plasma matrixwhite blood cells, blood plasma matrix

Special Connective TissuesSpecial Connective TissuesBloodBlood

Blood cells arise from within bone Blood cells arise from within bone marrowmarrow

Fluid component is plasmaFluid component is plasma Blood consists of corpuscles (cells) Blood consists of corpuscles (cells)

and platelets which are separated by and platelets which are separated by plasmaplasma

Cells are red (erythocytes) and white Cells are red (erythocytes) and white (leukocytes)(leukocytes)

Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

SkeletalSkeletal• Voluntary muscle or somatic, found in Voluntary muscle or somatic, found in

skeletal structure, striated in appearanceskeletal structure, striated in appearance SmoothSmooth

• Involuntary muscle, found in digestive and Involuntary muscle, found in digestive and other involuntary organs, non striatedother involuntary organs, non striated

CardiacCardiac• Both smooth and striated in appearance, Both smooth and striated in appearance,

found in the heartfound in the heart

Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

Elastic, contractile tissueElastic, contractile tissue Agonist is the prime mover of a structureAgonist is the prime mover of a structure Antagonist opposes a given movementAntagonist opposes a given movement Synergists are muscles that stabilizeSynergists are muscles that stabilize Muscles are innervated by a single nerveMuscles are innervated by a single nerve

• Sensory innervation is termed afferentSensory innervation is termed afferent• Motor innervation is termed efferentMotor innervation is termed efferent• Motor unit is one efferent nerveMotor unit is one efferent nerve fiber fiber

and the muscle fibers to which it and the muscle fibers to which it attachesattaches

Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

Fascia surrounds muscle componentsFascia surrounds muscle components• Endomysium surrounds a muscle Endomysium surrounds a muscle

cell (fiber)cell (fiber)• Perimysium surrounds bundles of Perimysium surrounds bundles of

muscle fibersmuscle fibers• Epimysium surrounds the muscle Epimysium surrounds the muscle

itselfitself

Nerve TissueNerve Tissue