40

Easter အားလပရကမာ ဘာဝနာပြားလ႔ ကသလရာ

wdo&Pausmif;wkduf\ 2011-ckESpf rSwfwrf;wif yHk&dyfav;rsm;

ျမနမာရးရာ စဥလာထနးျမ ထမနပြ ေပာရႊငႏြ

1

2011-ck? arv? 1373-ck? uqkefv

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2

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39

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38

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3

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4

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37

twlwuG ESpfOD;ukodkvfxl;udk qnf;yl;cJhMu ygonf/

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Easter Holiday (4)&ufw&m;pcrf;yGJ

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uav;oli,f Ak'bmom,Ofaus;rIESifhjrefrmpmoifwef;

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qGrf;pm;ausmif; tvSL&Sifrsm;tm; zdwfac: jcif;

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36

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Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkY odem;vnfoifhaom ygVda0g[m&oifwef;

2011-ck rwfv(6)&ufaeYrSpí tywfpOf we*FaEGaeYwdkif; (5)ywfwdwd q&mawmfOK;y@dwmbd0Ho u Handout pm&Gufrsm;a0iSí ydkYcsoifMum; ay;cJh&m oifwef;om;^ol pkpkaygif; (30)cefY pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm wufa&mufcJhMu ygonf/

jrefrmESpfopful; toHrpJy|mef;yGJ ESifh jrefrmESpfOD; pkaygif;qGrf;tvSL

{NyDv(15? 16? 17)&uf oHk;&ufwkdifwdkif toHrpJ aeYnrjywf r[my|mef; &GwfzwfylaZmfyGJudk jrefrmESpfopfudk BudKqdkonfhtaejzifh yifhoHCmrsm;tygt0if oHCmawmf(9)yg;u &GwfzwfylaZmfcJhMuNyD; 'umç'umrtaygif; olawmfaumif; wdkYu em,lMunfndK vSL'gef;ylaZmfjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? y|mef;yGJaemufqHk;&ufjzpf onfh(17)&ufaeYwGif jrefrmESpfOD; pkaygif;qGrf;qufuyfjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;

5

ygw,f? a&aomufjrpf cdkifvdkU&Sd&ifjzihf yifpnfawGç tudkif;tcufawGç tzl;tyGihfawG a0a0qmqmeJU zl;yGihfvmvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfvmwJhtcgrSm tJ'DtyifuaeNyD; csKdNrdefaumif;jrwfwJh toD;awG oD;vmvdrfhr,f? yif&if;taMumif;rsKd;aphwpfckwnf;eJU csKdNrdef aumif;jrwfwJh toD;awG jzpfay:rvmEdkifbl;? rsKd;aphuaeNyD;awmh tyifudk jzpfapw,f? tyifuaeNyD; tudkif;tcufawGudkjzpfapw,f? tudkif;tcuf uaeNyD; t&GuftvufawGeJY tzl;tyGihfawGudk jzpfapw,f? zl;yGihfNyD;wJh tcgusawmhrS toD;jzpf&ygw,f? taMumif;aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmjzpfNyD;rS tusKd;&ygw,f? 'gudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]oaAÁ "r®m tewåm}} vdkU a[m awmfrlw,f/

aqmif;Oyrm

'gawG[m twåac:wJh jyKjyifwwfaomyk*d¾Kvf&JU MoZmtmPmtvdkuf jzpfwmr[kwfbJç wpfpHkwpfckaom (at;*sihf&JU) oabmw&m;t& jzpfwm r[kwfbJeJU taMumif;uaeNyD; aqmif&GufvdkufvdkU tusKd;w&m;awG jzpfae w,f? taMumif;w&m;awG ESpfpkaygif;ç oHk;pkaygif;ç ig;pkaygif; aygif;vm wJhtwGufaMumihf tusKd;w&m;awG jzpfay:aew,f? apmif;OyrmeJU Ak'¨ bk&m;&Sifu ñTefjy awmfrlygw,f? apmif;uav; wD;csifwJhtcg apmif; uav;udk &ifrSmydkufNyD;awmh BuKd;awGudk ravsmhrwif; nd§vdkufw,f? nd§NyD;awmh vufcufuav;eJU? odkUwnf;r[kwf &dk;&dk;vufeJYyJ 'Dapmif;BuKd; awGudk wD;vdkufw,f? wD;vdkufwJhtcgusawmh apmif;oHu om,myDo MunfjrwJh *DwoHav;ay:vmw,f? a'gifa'gif 'if'ifeJU apmif;oH ay:vm w,f/ 'DtoHawGudk b,fwkef;u apmif;q&m[m apmif;xJrSm xnhfxm; ovJ? BuKd;xJrSmxnfhxm;ovm;? apmif;xJrSmyJxnhfxm;ovm;? vufcwf xJrSm xnhfxm;ovm;? b,fwkef;urS rxnfhbl;? b,fwkef;urSvJ r&SdcJh bl;? odkUaomfvnf; apmif;BuKd;&,fç apmif;BuKd;wef;NyD;awmhaeatmif csnfaESmifp&mjzpfwJh apmif;aumufcGuf&,fç NyD;awmh vufcwfuav;&,fç toHudk vdIifNyD;xvmatmif zefwD;xm;wJh apmif;xJrSm&SdwJh vdIif;oHav; &,fç apmif;wD;wJhyk*d¾Kvf (ig apmif;wD;r,fqdkwJh ya,m*0dnmOf) pdwf uav;&,f - tJ'DtaMumif;awG aygif;qHkvdkufwJhtcgusrS a'gifa'gif

6

'if'ifeJU 'DtoHawGay:vmNyD;awmh apmif;q&m uRrf;usifrItm;avsmfpGm yDoMunfjrwJh *DwoHav;awG xGufay:vm&ygw,f/

twå r&Sd? emrfESihf &kyfom&Sd

ckeuajymwJh ]udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfEdkifw,f} qdkwm olajymcsifwmu rdrd&JU oEÅmefav;rSm (twå)&Sdw,f? (twå)[m cHpm;wwfw,f? a&G;cs,f wwfwm olua&G;cs,fw,f? odwmu oluodwm? a[m'gav;[mcsKd w,f? 'gav;[m csOfw,f? csOfwm igrBudKufbl;? csKdwm BuKdufw,f? tJ'D[mu csKdvGef;tm;BuD;w,f? ig 'gudk rBuKdufbl;? tcsOfuav; ig,lr,f? tJ'Dvdk odNyD;awmhç cGJjcm;NyD;awmh a&G;aumufwwfwm twåvdkUac:w,f? twåav;[m a&G;cs,fw,f? 'gaMumihfrdkYvdkY ]udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfEdkif w,f}qdkwm &SdEdkifw,fvdkY olwdkYu,lqw,f? bkef;BuD;wdkU Ak'¨jrwfpGm&JU oabmt& ]udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfEdkifw,f} qdkwm r&Sdbl;? cHpm;wwfwJh twåvJr&Sdbl;? twGif;rSm odwwfwJh twåvJr&Sdbl;? odwwfwmu emrf w&m;av;yJ? cHpm;wwfwmu a0'emav;yJ? rSwfom;wwfwmu onm vdkYac:w,f? tJ'D emrfw&m;awG&JU tcs,ftvS,fcHNyD;awmh ][JU a&SUoGm; vdkufygOD;}qdk&if emrfw&m;awGu cdkif;vdkufwdkif; &kyfw&m;u ajcvSrf;eJU wpfvSrf;NyD;wpfvSrf; wdk;oGm;&w,f? tJ'Dvdk 'D&kyfw&m;BuD;u vdkufem& w,f/ ][JU aemufqkwfvkdufygOD;}vdkU trdefYay;vdkufwJhtcg &kyfw&m;BuD; u wpfjznf;jznf;aemufudk wpfvSrf;NyD;wpfvSrf; qkwfoGm;&w,f? ]xdkif vdkufygOD;} qdk&ifvJ xdkYtwl wpfjznf;jznf; xdkifvdkuf&w,f? emrfeJY &kyf w&m;awG[m tJ'Dvdk jzpfaew,f? emrfw&m; &kyfw&m;awGrSwpfyg; wpfjcm; bmrS tjyifty ya,m* r&Sdbl;? 'gudk tewåvdkU ac:w,f/ /

ajrmif;jrq&mawmfBuD;\Mo0g'

'umç 'umrawGudk bkef;BuD; av;av;eufeuf arwåm a&SUxm; NyD;awmh wdkufwGef; EId;aqmf owday;csifw,f? bk&m;ppfç bk&m;rSefudk pdkufpdkufpl;pl; avhvmNyD;awmh udk,fusihfw&m; jzLpifatmif vkyfyg? orm"d&atmif ur®|mef;bm0emrsm;xdkifyg? oDveJU orm"djynhfpHkoGm; w,fqdk&if &kyfemrf "r®wdkYtay:rSm xdk;xkd;azmufazmuf odwwfwJh y#da0" ÓPfqdkwm ra0;vSygbl;/

35

These ten things nourish the ten things that are desirable, liked, charming and hard to win in the world. What ten? Energy and exer-tion nourish wealth. Finery and adornment nourish beauty. Doing things at the proper time nourishes health. Friendship with the beautiful nourishes virtue. Restraint of the senses nourishes the holy life. Not quarrelling nourishes friendship. Repetition nourishes great knowledge. Lending an ear and asking questions nourishes wis-dom. Study and examination nourishes the teaching. And living rightly nourishes rebirth in the heaven world.

34

A

C

D B

7

tbd"r®mw&m;awmft& aomreó - aysmf&Tif 0rf;ajrmufrIonf ukodkvfaomreóç tukodkvfaomreó [kESpfyg;&Sd\/ xdkwGif - (1) ukodkvfaomreó [lonf ukodkvfudpöü 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfjcif;? ukodkvfudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjyKjcif;? ukodkvfESifhaysmf&Tifjcif;wnf;/ (2) tukodkvfaomreó [lonf tukodkvfudpöü 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfjcif;? tukodkvfudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjyKjcif;? tukodkvfESifhaysmf&Tifjcif; wnf;/

tukodkvfjyKvG,f xdkESpfrsdK;wGif tukodkvf aomreóonf vGefpGm jzpfvG,f\/ ykxkZOfowå0gwdkY\ oEÅmefü avmbça'go paom udavomtEko, "mwfrsm; udef;0yfaeaomaMumifh tukodkvfjzpfzdkY&m tukodkvfjyKzdkY&m vGefpGm tavhtusifh&ae\/ odkYjzpfí tukodkvfudpö umr*kPfudpöwdkYü xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tm;pdkufrIr&SdbJ vG,fvG,fulul 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjyKEkdif Mu\/ xrif;pm;&if; pum;ajym&if; yGJMunfh&if; aysmf&TifEkdifMu\/ udk,fBudKufaomtm½HkESifhawGUvQif csufcsif;yif jyHK;&TifEkdifMu\/ xrif;udk [if;aumif;aumif;eSifh pm;&awmhrnfqdkvQifyif aysmf&TifEkdifMu\/ avmbudpöüomru a'goudpöüvnf; aysmfEkdifao;\/ Oyrm – om;aumifudk owfjzwfzrf;qD;&ef BudK;pm;aom rkqdk;onf om;aumifudk jrifvQif 0rf;om\/ zrf;qD; owfjzwfNyD;aomtcg 0rf;om aysmf&Tif\/ tMuifolonf rdrdrkef;aeol (odkYr[kwf) rdrd&efoludk ysufpD;apvdk owfjzwf ñSOf;qJvdk\? &efolysufpD;onfudk aoonfudk Mum;&vQif 0rf;om\/ xdkol\oEÅmefü rkef;qJ zrf;qD;owfjzwfqJcPwGif a'goç a'greó jzpfaomfvnf; zrf;qD; owfjzwfEkdifonfhtwGuf &efolao onfhtcg 0rf;ajrmuf aysmf&Tifjcif;jzpfayonf/ (ygyo®ð &rwd raem = pdwfonf raumif;rIü arGUavsmf\- "r®y'/)

jrif;NcH y@dwf ☺

8

ukodkvfaomreó ukodkvfaomreóum; þrQavmuf tjzpfrjref? jzpfzdkYrvG,fay/ o'¨gç ynmç 0D&d, paom w&m;rsm; xufoefrS jzpfEkdif\/ ukodkvf aomreó jzpfzdkY&m taMumif;(3)yg;&Sd\/ (1) 0dok'¨'d|dwm- pifMu,faom t,l&Sdjcif;/ ]]pifMu,faomt,l&Sd}}[lonf rdpäm'd|d rjzpfjcif;? uHESifhuH\ tusdK;udk em;vnfaom ur®óuwmÓPf&Sdjcif;wnf;/ (ur®óuwmÓPf=uHomvQif udk,fydkif Opöm &Sdonf[k odaomÓPf/) tcsKyfrSm ukodkvfrSef; tukodkvfrSef; od-jcif;? &wemoHk;yg;udk &wemrSef; odjcif;wnf;/ (2) o'¨gA[kvwm- o'¨gw&m;rsm;jcif;? o'¨gw&m; tm;aumif;jcif;? ukokdvfjyK&mü o'¨g-,HkMunfrI tm;enf;aevQif 'geyJjyKjyK? oDvyJ aqmufwnfaqmufwnf? bmukodkvfjyKjyK wGefYqkwf ysif;,daewwf\/ bk&m;&Sdcdk;&müyif pdwfrygbJ jzpfaewwf\? 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om aysmf&TifrI rjzpfEkdifay/ (3) tmedoHo 'óm0dwm- rdrdjyKvkyfaom tvkyf\tusdK;udk jrifjcif; (tbd? |? 1? 117)/ avmuü tusdK;r&Sdaomtvkyfudk rnfolrQ rvkyfcsifMu? tusdK;&SdrS jyKvkyfcsifMu\/ ukodkvfonf uHESifhuH\tusdK;udk em;vnfoltwGuf vGefpGmtusdK;&SdaMumif; odEkdif\/ avmuü csrf;om rSeforQ ukodkvfrygbJ rjzpfEkdif? ukodkvfonf csrf;omtm;vHk;\taMumif; jzpf\/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmu ]]rm bdu©a0 yknmeH bm,dw¬ - &[ef;wdkY ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkYudk raMumufMuESifh/ ukodkvfaumif;rIjyK&rSm raMumuf MuESifh/ okcaówH t"d0peH ,'d'H yknmed – - ykn aumif;rI[lonf okc csrf;om\ emrnfjzpf\}}[k rdefYawmfrlonf/ (tH? 2? 465? arwåokwå/) ]]ukodkvftusdK;udk od}}[l&mü qGrf;tusdK;(5)yg;? a&tusdK;(10)yg;ponfjzifh tjynfhtpHk odzdkYrvdkay/ ]],ck vkyfrnfhtvkyfonf (0g) vkyfaeaomtvkyfonf a&S;a&S;bk&m;paom olawmfaumif;wdkYvkyfonfh tvkyfjzpf\/ a&S;a&S; olawmfaumif;wdkYonf 'geç oDvpaom aumif;rI rsm;udk jyKvkyfí yg&rDjynhfaomtcg r*fzdkvf edAÁmef w&m;xl;&vQuf t&d,mjzpfNyD; oHo&mrS uRwfvGwfawmfrloGm;Muayonf/ igonfvnf; þ'geç oDv paomaumif;rIrsm;udk jyKvQif yg&rDjynfhaomtcg r*fzdkvf edAÁmefw&m;xl;&vQuf t&d,mjzpfNyD; oHo&mrS {uefuRwfvGwf ayvdrfh rnf}}[k odvQif vHkavmufayNyD/

33

ေကာငးအလႉ အကးမား

၁။ ကနးေအာငးေနရန၊ ခမးသာရန၊ အမနျဖစေပသည။ ၂။ စာနဝငစားရန၊ ႐ႈမတရန၊ ဧကနသငေပသည။ ၃။ ေကာငးလႉသဟာ၊ လးစပါ၊ လႉရာေရာကေပသည။ ၄။ ေန႔ညမျခား၊ ကသလမား၊ ျဖစပြားေလေတာသည။ ၅။ ေကာငးအလႉရင၊ တရားျမင၊ ခပငၿငမးႏငသည။

မၾကာမ ေဆာကလပေတာမည တသရဏ၏ ဆြမးစားေကာငး

32

ဝမးေျမာကဖြယ ကသလသတငးေကာငး

ကသလရငမား သရထားႏငၿပးျဖစသညအတငး တသရဏေကာငးေတာ၏

ဘရားေကာငးေဆာငက လြနခသညႏစက ျပျပငမြမးမအသစေဆာကလပၿပးစးခရာ ယခအခါတြင ဘရားဝတတကျခငး၊ တရားနာျခငးစေသာ ကသလေကာငးမႈမားက ကယျပန႔ ခမးသာစြာျပလပ ေဆာငရြကႏငၾကေသာလညး ရဟနးချခငး၊ ရငျပျခငးစေသာ အလႉ မဂၤလာျပလပျခငး၊ ေမြးေန႔ဆြမးကပျခငး၊ လကထပမဂၤလာဆြမးေကၽြးျခငးစေသာ ကသလပြ မားအတြကမ ေနရာအေနအထားသည ကဥးေျမာငးေနေသးျခငး၊ ဘရားဆငးတေတာ မား ေရ႕တြငျပလပေဆာငရြကေနရ၍ အဂါရဝျဖစေနျခငးစေသာ အေၾကာငးမားေၾကာင (၃၅၇)ေကာငးေဆာင၏ အေနာကဖကတြင ယခလ တသရဏဆြမးစားေကာငးေဆာငသစ တစခက ေဆာကလပရန စစဥရျခငး ျဖစပါသည။

ဤသ႔ေဆာကလပျခငးျဖင တစခကခတ ႏစခကျပတ ဆသလ တစႏစလင သးႀကမျပလပေနေသာ တရားစခမးမားတြင အမးသမးေယာဂ သေတာစငတ႔အတြက ကယဝနးစြာ တရားထငျခငး၊ စၾကေလာကျခငးစေသာ ဝပနာကသလတရားမားလညး တးပြားရယလာႏငမည အကးကပါ ရရလာမညျဖစသလ အပတစဥ စေန/တနဂၤေႏြေန႔တငး သငၾကားေပးေသာ ကေလးမားအတြက အေျခခဗဒၶဘာသာ ယဥေကးမႈ သငတနးကလညး ကယဝနးစြာ ျပလပေဆာငရြကႏငမညျဖစပါသည။ သ႔ျဖစပါေသာေၾကာင "ဝဟာရဒါန သဃ၊ အဂၢ ဗေဒၶန ဝဏၰတ" ဟေသာ

ဘရားရင၏ စကားေတာအရ သဃကေကာငးအလႉသည အလးစက လႉဒါနးရာေရာကသည

လြနကႀကးျမတေသာ နဗဒၶကသလအလႉျဖစေသာေၾကာင ကသလရငမားအေနျဖင ဝသာခါ၊

အနာထပဏတ႔ကသ႔ အလႉေရစကလကန႔မကြာ သဒၶါတတအား နညးမားမဆ ကသလ

ပါဝငႏငေၾကာငး နဗၺာနအကးေမာ၍ ႏႈးေဆာအသေပးအပပါသည။

W V 9

v,fwDq&mawmf\rdefYqdkcsuf ukodkvfaomreóESifhywfoufí v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\pum;udk wpfqifh rSwfom;zl;onfrSm q&mawmfBuD;u w&m;a[mpOf y&dowftm; ]]rif;wdkY bk&m;qGrf;awmfuyfaomtcg rdrd\ om;orD; ZeD;viftm; xrif; auR;&oavmuf 0rf;rombl;? bk&m;qGrf;awmfuyfaomtcg tJoavmuf 0rf;omvQif rif;wdkY edAÁmefESifheD;NyD}}[k rdefYawmfrlygowJh/ q&mawmf\ qdkvdk&if;rSm ukodkvfudk rysif;r&d ,Hk,HkMunfMunf xufxufoefoef aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmufpGm jyKwwfzdkY ta&;BuD;\? xdkokdY jyKwwfolonf {uef edAÁmefESifh eD;ayNyD/ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om apwemxufoefpGmjzifh yg&rD aumif;rI jyKEkdifMuygap/ /

]]tdkemaoa&; 'ku©ab;}}

မနာမက၊ တရားက၊ ေန႔ည မေမရာ။

မအမက၊ တရားက၊ ေန႔ည မေမရာ။

မေသမက၊ တရားက၊ ေန႔ည မေမရာ။

အမႈကစၥ၊ ေပါမားလ၊ ဘဝလတ႔ရြာ။

ေန႔မာမအား၊ ညမအား၊ တရားလကလြတကြာ။

ကစၥၾကားတြင၊ ႐ႈဆငျခင၊ သျမငဉာဏပညာ။

သေဝစတဓာတ၊ စြယမတ၊ ေျဖာငမတေစၾကပါ။

ျမးရႊငေပာပါး၊ တဟားဟား၊ လမးမားသတကြာ။

ေနာငတပပန၊ မရရန၊ နညးမနတရားသာ။

နဗၺာနေရာကမ၊ ေအးသညပ၊ မခဓမၼတာ။

(ေရႊကငသာသနာပင စကငးဆရာေတာႀကး)

10

wpfcgawmh bk&m;½Sifudk,fawmfjrwf om0w¦dNrdKU aZw0efausmif; awmf0,f bdu©K bdu©KeD Oygoum Oygodumr[laom y&dowfav;yg; tm; £wd0kwfygVdawmf yOöykAÁedrdwåokwfawmfudk tajccHí &[ef;wdkU ewfrsm; pkawcgeD;aomtcg taygif;toif;ewfrsm;u 0dkif;NyD; owday;Mu w,fponfjzifh a[mawmfrlygonf? ewfrsm; pkawcgeD;aomtcg edrdwf (5)rsdK;xifvmygw,f? ]]0wfnpf yef;nSdK;? acR;qdk; ,dk½Sm? rvStqif; aecif;rom? yOö edrdwf t&dyfay:vm? ewfpkawh jzpfavh"r®wm}} [laom vuFmtwdkif;---(1) 0wfnpf=0w¦med udvdóEÅd-ewf0wf wefqm 'Gg&,mrsm; npfEGrf;vmjcif;? ewfom; ewforD;rsm; 0wfqifxm;aom t0wfwefqm 'Gg&,mrsm;onf &moDOwk tyltat;aMumifh jrLrIH zHkwdkUjzifh t0wfrsm; acR;pdkum avQmf&zGyf&vkyfp&mrvdkyJ vlUjynfrSmvdk npfywfjcif; a[mif;EGrf;jcif;r½dSyg? ewfjynfrSm uH\t½dSeft[kefowådaMumifh tjrJwrf; awmufyjzLpif MunfvifvdkU aeygw,f? toufwrf;ukefvdkUyJjzpfjzpf uHpGrf;ukefvdkUyJjzpfjzpf pkawcgeD;aomtcg cE¨mudk,frSm 0wfqifxm;aom t0wfwefqmrsm; npfEGrf;vmygonf/ (2) yefndSK;=rmvm rdvm,EdÅ= cE¨mudk,frSm wefqmqiftvSjyifxm;aom yef;rsm;ndSK;EGrf;vmjcif;? vljynf rS yef;awGuawmh &moDOwk'gPfaMumifh odwfMumMumrcHyJ ndSK;EGrf; ajcmufaoGYoGm;ovdk ewfjynf½dS ewfom; ewforD;wdkU\ cE¨mudk,fü wefqmqifxm;aom yef;rsm;ndSK;EGrf;onf[lí r½dSyg? pkawcgeD;tcgwGif yef;rsm;ndSK;EGrf;vm&ygonf? (3) acR;qdk;,dk½Sm= uapä[d ao'g rkpöEÅd= csdKif;Mum;rS acR;rsm; ,dkxGufvmjcif;/ ewfjynfonf vlUjynfrSmuJhodkU ylvGef;at;vGef; onf[lí r½dSyJ aevrsm;uvnf; jrifhrdk&fawmif cg;yef;u vSnfhywfoGm; vmaewmaMumifh &moDOwk nDnGwfrQwum acR;xGufjcif; r½dSyg? pkawcgeD;aomtcgrSmawmh cE¨mudk,frS acR;qdk;rsm; xGufvmyg onf/ (4)rvS tqif;= uma, 'kAÁPÖd,H Mouúrwd=½kyftqif; azgufjyef vmjcif;? ewfom;ewforD;rsm;onf uHt[kefaMumifh ewforD;rsm;u 16-ESpf t½G,favmuf ewfom;rsm;u ESpf(20)t&G,favmuf pjzpfNyD; cg;udkif; oGm;aMuG tom;ta& wGefUvdyfjcif;r½dSyJ pkawaomtcgwGifvnf; 16-ESpf

ar,cjznk Y

31

jyK\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;av;rsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif; wnf;/

(8) tMuifolonf rdef;rMuL;ç aoaomufMuL;ç avmif;upm;MuL;onf jzpfí &wdkif;&wdkif;aom Opömudk zsufqD;\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif; oHk;rsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/

(9) tMuifolonf rdrdr,m;jzifh ra&mifh&JbJ jynfhwefqmrwdkYü jypfrSm; \? olwpfyg;r,m;wdkYü jypfrSm;\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;ESpfrsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/

(10) t&G,fvGefNyD;aom a,mufsm;onf wnfoD;ozG,f i,faom om;jrwf&Sdaom rdef;ri,fudk odrf;jref; aqmif,l tdrfoljyKvkyf\? xdkrdef;ri,ftm; a,mufsm;wpfyg;twGuf pdwfrcs&aomaMumifh rtdyfEdkif? xdkrtdyfEdkifjcif;onf ysufpD;jcif;\taMumif;wnf;/

(11) tMuifolonf ig;çtrJpaom tpm;tpmwdkYü rufarmaom oabm &Sdaom? Opömudk pnf;urf;rJh z½dkz&J jyKwwfaom rdef;rudkaomf vnf;aumif; xdkodkYoabm&Sdaom a,mufsm;udkaomfvnf;aumif; tdrfaxmifxdef; t&müxm;\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;onf ysufpD; qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/

(12) tMuifolonf Opömenf;í pnf;pdrfOpömwdkYü wyfrufrI BuD;rm;\? rif;rsKd;üvnf; jzpf\? xdkolonfum; rif;tjzpfudk awmifhw\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;onfysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/

avmuü jzLpif aumif;jrwfí ÓPftjrifESifhjynfhpHkaom ynm&Sd onf þysufpD; qkwf,kwfaMumif;wdkYudk aumif;pGm Munfh½I qifjcifí a&Smif&Sm;EdkifaomaMumifh csrf;ajrUat;jraom ewfjynfavmuodkY csOf;uyf& \[k rdefYawmfrl\/ odkYjzpfaomaMumifh Ak'¨&Sifawmfbk&m;\ þpum;awmfudk em,l rSwfom; vdkufemusifhMuHMuvQuf rdrdoEÅmefü trSm;enf;EkdiforQ enf;yg; apum ]]ynm&SdwdkY uJh&JUpGyfpGJEdkifrnfh tvkyfrsm;udk pdk;pOf;tenf;i,frQ rjyKusifh&m}}[laom arwåokwfvm pnf;urf;enf;vrf;twkdif; usihfoHk;Ekdif Muojzifh ]]trSm;qifjcif ÓPfjzihfjyif}}EkdifMuí vlçewfçedAÁmefoHk;wefaom csrf;omudk &&SdcHpm; pHpm;EkdifMuygap[k arwåmjzifh yw¬ematmifqk jyKvdkuf &ygownf;/ /

30

olaX;\ t&Hjzpfaom aZw0efausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrl\? xdktcg ewfom;wpfa,mufonf nOfhOD;,H vGefNyD;aom oef;acgif,Htcgü tvGef ESpfvdkzG,faumif;aom tqif;&Sdonfjzpfí aZw0efwpfausmif;vHk;udk xGef;vif;apvsuf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHodkY csOf;uyfNyD;vQif jrwfpGmbk&m;udk &Sdcdk;um wpfckaomae&mü &yfwnfNyD;aomf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;um; tb,fygenf;[k avQmufxm;\/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf atmufyg ysufpD;qkwf,kwfjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom trSm;rsm;udk a[mMum;cJhay onf/ (1) BuD;yGg;oludkvnf; od&ef vG,fulvSay\? ysufpD;qkwf,kwfoludk

vnf; od&efvG,fulvSay\? w&m;udkvdkvm;awmifhwolonfBuD;yGg; &\? w&m;udk rvdkvm; rawmifhw rkef;xm;olonf ysufpD;&\/

(2) xdkolonf olawmfr[kwf ol,kwfrmwdkYudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;\? olawmfaumif;wdkYudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;rI rjyK? ol,kwfrmwdkY\ w&m;udk ESpfoufjrwfEdk;\? xdkoHk;rsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;aywnf;/

(3) tMuifolonf tdyfpufidkufrsOf;avh&Sd\? taygif;tazmfü arGUavsmf avhç pum;ajymrIü arGUavsmfavh&Sd\? Edk;Mum; x<urIr&Sd ysif;&d\? vsifpGm trsufxGufavh&Sd\? xdkol\ xdktaMumif;ig;rsKd;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;aywnf;/

(4) tMuifolonf tdkrif;í ypädrt&G,fodkY a&mufNyD;aom trdudk vnf;aumif;? tzudkvnf;aumif; auR;arG; jyKpkEdkifpGrf;ol jzpfyg vsuf rauR;arG; rjyKpkay? xdkol\ rauR;arG;rjyKpkjcif;onf ysufpD; qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/

(5) tMuifolonf jAm[®Pudkvnf;aumif;? orPudkvnf;aumif;? xdkrSwpfyg;aom zkef;awmif; ,mpumudkvnf;aumif; ypönf;av;yg; jzifh zdwfMum;NyD;jzpfvsuf rkom;ajymqdkjcif;jzifhvSnfhywf\? xdkol\ xdkvSnfhywfjcif;onf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/

(6) tMuifolonf rsm;aom pnf;pdrf&Sdol tojym&Sdol pm;zG,fESifh jynfhpHk oljzpfygvsuf aumif;jrwfaom abmZOfwdkYudk wpfa,mufwnf; pm;oHk;\? xdkol\xdkpm;oHk;jcif;onfysufpD;qkwf,kwfaMumif;wnf;/

(7) tMuifolonf trsKd; ]Zmwd}rmef cufxef\? Opöm ]"e}rmefcuf xef\? tEG,f ]a*gwå}rmefcufxef\? rdrdaqGrsKd;udkvnf; rxDrJhjrif

11

t½G,ftwdkif;yif jzpf&ayonf? xif½Sm;aom tdkjcif;rsdK; r½dSayrJh rxif½Sm; aom Oyg'f XD bifoabm tdkjcif;rsdK;um;½dSygonf? pkawcgeD;tcgüum; cE¨mü ta&mift0gñId;rSefí ½kyftqif; azmufjyefvmygonf/ xkdodkY ewf om; ewforD;wdkU\ ½kyftqif;rsm; azgufjyefvmjcif;udkMunfhí rMumcif pkaw&rnf[kod&ygonf? (5) aecif;rom-a'a0g a'0goae embd&rwd= rdrdbHkAdrmefü arGUavQmf aysmfydkuf ESpfcsdKufrIr½dSawmhjcif;? ewfom; ewf orD;wdkUonf rdrdwdkUae&m AdrmefESifh pnf;pdrf&dyfNidrfudk wG,fwm wyfruf rcGJEdkif rcGg&uf pGJrufaewwfMuaomfvnf; pkawcgeD;aomtcgwGif Adrmef udk NiD;aiGU pdwfysufNyD; aecsifpdwf r½dSawmhyg/ ewfom; ewforD; wpfyg;yg; pkawawmhrnfqdkvQif (1) ewf0wf wefqm 'Gg&,mrsm; npfEGrf;vmjcif;? (2) cE¨mudk,fwGif tvSjyif wefqm qifxm;aom yef;rsm; nSdK;vmjcif;? (3) csdKif;Mum;rS acR;rsm; ,dkxGuf vmjcif;? (4) ½kyftqif; azgufjyefvmjcif;? (5) rdrd bHkAdrmefwGif arGUavQmf aysmfydkuf ESpfNcdKufrI r½dSawmhjcif;[laom edrdwf 5-rsdK; jzpfvmNyD; taygif; toif; ewfrsm;u 0dkif;vQuf oHk;cGef;aom pum;jzifh owday;MuygowJh- (1) ok*wd*reH abm *pä=tarmif ewfjynfuae pkawawmhr,f qdk&if taumif;qHk;bHkudk a&mufatmif oGm;yg? (2) ok*wd*reH *EÉm okv'¨vmbH vb= taumif;qHk;bHkudk a&mufNyD;&if taumif;qHk; &wem udk&atmif ,lyg? (3) okv'¨vmbH vbdwGme okyÜwd|dawm b0g[d =taumif;qHk;&wemudk &,lNyD; aysmufroGm;apyJ jrJjrHpGmqkwfudkifxm;yg vdkU pum;oHk;cGef;jzifh owday;Muygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u y&dowfav;yg;udk w&m;a[maewmqdkawmh &[ef; awmfwpfyg;u avQmufxm;ygw,f? bkef;awmfae0ef; xGef;vif; awmufy awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;? ewfwdkUrSmMum; oHk;cGef;aompum;wGif--- (1) taumif;qHk;bHkudk a&mufatmifoGm;ygqdkwm tb,fbHkudk qdkvdkyg ovJ? txufewfjynf odkUr[kwf jA[®mhjynfudk qdkvdkwmygvm;bk&m;-[k avQmufxm;aomtcg cspfom;-taumif;qHk;bHkqdkwm vlUbHkudk ajymwm[k rdefUawmfrlygonf? ewfjynfa&mufcsifvdkU? ewfjynfrSm wzufig;&meJU pHjref;csifvdkU? jA[®mhjynf a&mufcsifvdkU ukodkvf aumif;rIawG jyKaeygvQuf tb,faMumifh vlUbHkudk taumif;qHk;bHk[k ajym&ygovJ? bk&m;jzpfcsifwJh yk*¾dKvf vlUjynfrSm yg&rDjznfh bk&m;jzpf&w,f? yapöuAk'¨g t*¾om0u

12

r[mom0uBuD;awGvnf; vlUjynfrSm yg&rDjznfhusifh&wmyg? ewfjynfrSm tm;vHk;jynfhpHkaewmaMumifh 'geyg&rDjznfhzdkU rvG,fyg? odMum;rif;vnf; vlUjynfqif;NyD; t½Sifr[muóy udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;tm; qGrf;cdk;avmif; &w,f r[kwfvm;? ewforD;awGu b,fnm wpfzufpDrS wGwfwD; wGwfwmvkyfaewmaMumifh OykofapmifhzdkU rvG,fulovdk ig;yg;tm½Hk umr *kPfawGeJU tjrJvdk jrL;wl; aysmfyg; uckef wD;rIwfaeMuwmaMumifh w&m; tm;xkwfzdkUvnf; rjzpfEdkif? udk,fhatmufu wd&pämefbHkudk Munfhvdkuf&if Edkif&mpm; BuD;Edkifi,fnSif;qJawGyg? aMumifjzpfawmh MuGufawGpm;? Muuf jzpfawmh wDaumifawG ydk;aumifawGpm;? usm;jzpfawmh orif'&,fawG owfpm;? a>rjzpfawmh zm;awG MuGufawG pm;aewmaMumifh tukodkvfawG rsm;NyD; ukodkvfjyKcGifhr&Muyg? aemuf vlUjynfrSonf ewfjynf jA[®mhjynf wufcsifvJ&? atmufpHkcsifvJ tvG,fuav;rdkU b0ya'omBuD; jzpfvdkUae wmrdkU ]]taumif;qHk;bHk}}[k qdkvdkygonf/ taumif;qHk; &wemudk &atmif,lyg qdkwmu bmudkqdkvdkygovJ bk&m;-[k avQmufxm;aomtcg cspfom;- taumif;qHk; &wemqdkwm o'¨gw&m;udk ajymwm[k rdefUawmfrlygonf? rSefygonf? o'¨g[lonf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemoHk;yg;ESifh uHç uH\tusdK; þig;rsdK; udk ,HkMunfwmyg? aumif;wmvkyf aumif;usdK;&NyD; raumif;wmvkyfu wefjyef raumif;usdK;awG &vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfjcif;? 'gwGifru orx bm0em 0dyóembm0em tm;xkwf&if oHo&mwpfavQmuf ESdyfpufvm aom udavomawG enf;oGm; usJoGm; yg;oGm; ukefcrf;oGm;vdrfhr,fvdkU vnf; ,HkMunfygw,f? udk,fay: EIwfay:txd a&mufvmaom 0Dwduúr udavomudk ig;yg;ç½Spfyg;çudk;yg;pom; oDvw&m;udk xdef;odrf;jcif;jzifh y,f&ygonf? pdwftpOfwGifxMuGaomif;usef;aeaom y&d,k|meudavom udk bk&m;tm½HkjyK ykwD;pdwf arwåmydkU orxyGg; orm"dw&m;jzifh y,f& ovdk cE¨mtpOf pdwftpOfwGif udef;aeNyD; tm½Hkpaom qefUusifbuf w&m;rsm;ESifh taMumif;quf aygif;zufrdaomtcgrS ay:aygufvmaom tEko,udavomudk ½kyfçemrfwdkU\ tay:ü rjrJ qif;&J tpdk;r&[k vu©Pma&; oHk;yg;wif qifjcif½IyGg; 0dyóemynmw&m;jzifh y,f&onf[k ,HkMunfaom o'¨gyg? 'gaMumifh o'¨gudk taumif;qHk;&wem [k qdkvdk ygonf/ aysmufysufroGm;atmif jrJjrHpGm qkwfudkifxm;yg qdkwmu bmudk

29

pOf;vJ aumufuspfaom iSufrkqdk;onf udk,fudk (opf&Gufponf jzifh) zHk;vTrf;ouJhodkY rdrd\ tjypfudkrlum; zHk;vTrf;\/

(4) udk,fhtusKd; udk,fhudpöudk olwyg;\ tusKd;rsm;pGmjzifhaomfvnf; rqkwf,kwfap&m/ udk,hftusKd;pD;yGg;udk odem;vnfNyD;í udk,fhudpöudk om tm;xkwfonf jzpf&m\/ þjrwfpGmbk&m;\pum;awmfwdkYt& rdrd\trSm;udk rdrdodjrifEkdif

atmif BudK;pm;vQuf jyifqifaeEkdifa&;onf aeYpOfb0 touf&Sifaexdkif a&;twGuf ta&;ygaom vdkufemp&m b0vrf;ñTefjzpfygay\/ rdrdwdkY\ aeYpOfb0wGif trIudpörsm;udk aqmif&Guf&mü orÜZOfac:aom todÓPf w&m;jzifh qifjcifpOf;pm; awG;ac: oHk;oyfvQuf aexdkifaqmif&Gufoifh\/ orÜZOfac:aom todÓPfw&m;av;yg;&Sd&mwGif rdrdaqmif&Gufrnfh trIudk omw¬uorÜZOfjzifh tusKd;½Sdovm;ç r½Sdvm;[k OD;pGm pOf;pm;oifh\/ tusdK;&SdonfhtrIudpöjzpfygaomfvnf; oyÜg,orÜZOfjzifh avmuç"r®ESpf XmewdkYü oifhawmf&JUvm;ç rawmfvm;[k pOf;pm;vQuf owdw&m;vufudkif xm;NyD; aqmif&Gufoifhay\/ Oyrmtm;jzifh bk&m;zl;oGm;w,fqkdygpdkY? bk&m;zl;oGm;vQif ukokdvf&jcif; tusKd;aus;Zl;½Sdyg\/ odkYaomf bk&m;pwJh XmerSm yGJvrf;obifawG ½Sdae&if? oGm;vm0ifxGuf aeMuwJhvlawG tvGef rsm;jym;pGm½Sdae&ifaygh? tJ'Dvkdqkd&if tm½kHawGjym;NyD; orm"dysufjcif;pwJh oDvç orm"dç ynm tusifhoHk;jzm ysufpD;Ekdifrnfqdkygu roGm;oifhay/ tcsKyftm;jzifh 'ku©a&mufol wpfyg;olwdkYtm; ulnDu,fwifonf tp&Sdaom xdkxdktaMumif;jycsufwdkYjzifh rdrd\oEÅmefü oDvç orm"dç ynmpaom olawmfaumif; Opöm&wemrsm; qkwf,kwfysufpD;aprnfqdkvQif aumif;pGmusufatmif rD;rzkwf&ao;aom tdk;xJodkY qDudk xnhfNyD; odrf; ouJhodkY jzpfayvdrfhrnf/

þodkYqdkvQif wdk;wufBuD;yGm;vdkolwdkif;twGuf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfjcif; udk jzpfapwwfaom trSm;rsm;udk odxm; em;vnfxm;zdkY vdktyfygonf/ odem;vnfNyD;aemuf rjyKrdatmif a&SmifMuOfjcif;ç rSm;aevQifvnf; jyifqif jcif;jzifh wefzdk;&Sdaom b0ydkif&Sifrsm;jzpfvmayrnf/ xdkuJhodkY ysufpD; qkwf,kwfjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom trSm;rsm;udk oAÁñkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf okwåedygwf y&mb0okwfü tao;pdwf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/taMumif;rSm tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0w¬djynf temxydPf

28

avmuwGif vHk;0 trSm;uif;olwdkYrSm or®morÁK'¨ bk&m;&SifESifh

yapöuAk'¨gwdkYom &Sdayonf/ &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfrsm;yif wpfcgwpf&H tukodkvf r[kwfaom trSm;rsdK;jyKrdwwfayonf/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m t&SifjrwfBuD; onf wynfh&[ef;i,ftm; tokb ur®|mef;udk rSm;,Gif;pGm ay;rdcJhonf r[kwfygvm;¿ odkYjzpfvQif omrefykxkZOfwdkYtaejzifh trSm;uif;&ef rvG,f ulvSay/ odkYaomfvnf; rSm;,Gif;rnfudk aMumufaeygu rnfonfhudpöudkrQ aqmif&Gufí jzpfawmhrnfr[kwfacs/ ]]ysuftpOf jyifcP}}qdkonfhpum; twdkif; ta&;BuD;onfrSm rdrd\trSm;udk rdrdjrifí tcsdefrD jyKjyifEkdifa&;om jzpfayonf/ cJwHav;wpfacsmif;ü cJzsufudk xnfhxm;ay;jcif;onf xdk rSm;,Gif;rIudk jyifqifEkdif&ef r[kwfygvm;¿ tcGifhompOfu tm;rxkwfrd vQifç aemif rusef;rmaomtcgç tdkrif;rpGrf; jzpfaomtcgç ao&rnfh anmifapmif;ü avsmif;íae&aomtcgç tyg,f 4-yg;ü usa&mufaeonfh tcgrsm;ü ]][dkwkef;u trSm;jyifqifzdkY tm;rxkwfcJhrdonfrSm rSm;avpG rSm;avpG}}[k BuD;pGmaemifw&wwf\/ rSm;NyD;rS rSm;rSef;odvsuf ylyefaom þaemifw&jcif;rsKd;ESifh rêuH&avatmif BudK;pm;oifhay\/ ]]trSm;Mum? trSefjzpf}}qdkouJhodkY rjzpfapbJ ]]trSm;awGUu? trSef&}}qdkouJhodkY BudK;pm; jyifqifoifhayonf/

xdkYaMumifh oAÁñkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf "r®y'ygVdü atmufygtwdkif; qHk;rawmfrlxm;ayonf/ (1) olwpfyg;wdkY\ ravsmfaom tjypftemtqmwdkYudk rMunfh½I&m?

olwpfyg;wdkU\ aumif;rI raumif;rI jyK rjyKudk rMunfh½I&m? rdrd\ aumif;rI raumif;rI jyK rjyKudkomvQif Munfh½I&m\/

(2) rdkufaomolonf rdrdrdkufonfhtjzpfudk od\/ xdkodrIaMumifh ynm&Sd jzpfEdkifao;\/ rdkufaomolonf igynm&Sd[k rdrdudk,fudk xifrSwf aeygrlum; xdkoludk pifppf vlrdkuf[lí qdktyf\/

(3) olwpfyg;wdkY\ tjypfudk jrifvG,f\/ rdrd\ tjypfudkum; jrifEdkifcJ \/ xkdolonf zGJudk vTifhouJhodkY olwpfyg;wdkY\ tjypfudk vTifh\/

t&Sifyanmbmo G

13

qdkvdkwmygvJbk&m;-[k avQmufxm;wJhtcg cspfom; &½dSxm;aom o'¨g w&m; b,fvdk taMumif;rsdK;eJYyJawGUawGU b,fvdktcuftcJrsdK;eJUyJ &ifqdkif &apumrl aysmufroGm;apeJU jrJjrHpGm xdef;odrf;xm;yg [k rdefUawmfrlyg onf? ykxkZOfyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ o'¨gw&m;onf zGJyHkay:wGif pdkufxm;aom wdkifuJhodkU rcdkifjrJyJ touftdk;tdrf pnf;pdrfESifh ywfoufvmvQif ysufys,f oGm;Edkifygonf? t&d,myk*¾dKvfjrwfwdkU\ o'¨gw&m;um; tb,fodkUaom taMumif;rsdK;eJUyJ awGUawGU uGef*&pfay:wGif pdkufxm;aom ausmufwdkif uJhodkU r,dkifrvJ cdkifjrJaeygawmhonf? bk&m;½Sifvufxufawmfu okyÜAk'¨ trnf½dS udk,fa&jym;a&m*guk|Elemonf 'g,umwpfa,muf jrwfpGm bk&m; w&m;emum aomwmyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f? okyÜAk'¨\ o'¨gw&m;udk prf;oyfvdkaom odMum;rif;u tarmif okyÜAk'¨-oif[m odwfqif;&JwJh vlwpfa,mufjzpfwmaMumifh oifhwouf pm;rukefatmif ypönf;awG yHkvdkU ay;r,f? &wemoHk;yg;udk bk&m;ppf bk&m;rSef w&m;ppf w&m;rSef oHCmppf oHCmrSefr[kwfbl;vdkUajymygqdkawmh okyÜAk'¨-u aeprf;ygtHk; oifu b,folvJ? igu ewfwdkUaoXfeif; odMum;rif;jzpfw,fvdkU jyefajzaom tcg w,frdkufwJh odMum;? rajymoifh rajymxdkufwJhpum;udk vmNyD;ajym &ufyav? oifvdk yk*¾dKvfeJU tzufvkyf pum;ajymaevdkU ighrSm tusdK;r½dS? oifxifxm;ovdk ig rqif;&Jygbl; zdk;odMum;&,f? ighrSm olawmfaumif; Opöm ckESpfjzm ½dSygw,f? 'gaMumifh vlcsrf;om tppfyg-[k raMumufr½GHU &J0HUpGm jyefajymvdkufygw,f? odMum;rif;vnf; bk&m;xH ta&mufoGm; tusdK;taMumif; avQmufxm;wJhtcg jrwfbk&m;u oifvdk odMum;rsdK; t&mtaxmifru zsufqD;aomfvnf; okyÜAk'¨&JU o'¨gw&m; rysufpD;Edkif awmh [k rdefUawmfrlygonf/ ypönf;jzifh zsm;a,mif;aomfvnf; ,HkMunfcsuf o'¨gw&m; rysuf? csdef;ajcmuf [efUwm; ajymqdkjim;vnf; &wemoHk;yg; tay:ü ,HkMunfrIudk rpGefUvTwf? xdkuJhodkUaom o'¨gw&m;rsdK;udk jrJjrHpGm qkwfudkifxm;yg-[k ewfrsm;u pkawcgeD; ewfom; ewforD;tm; 0dkif;vQuf owday;Mu onfudk axmufí rdrdwdkU &½dSydkifqdkifxm;aom vlUbkH vlUavmu vlUb0 udk wefzdk;½dSpGm toHk;cswwfNyD; taumif;qHk;jzpfaom &wemudkvnf; &,lydkifqdkifum xm0& jrJjrH wnfwefU t½SnfcefUatmif xdef;odrf;EdkifMuyg ap-[k qkawmif; arwåm yw¦emtrI jyKvdkuf&ayownf;/ /

14

(၂ဝ၁၁-ခႏစ ဇႏၷဝါရလမ မတလအတြငး) ေကာငးေျမ၊ ပစၥညးေလးပါးႏငနဝကမၼအလႉရငမား

၁။ Dr မးျမင+ေဒၚညမးညမးလြငျမင မသားစ £ 500 ၂။ မဘဘးဘြား အစကအစမမားအားရညစး၍ Dr တငေမာငျမင၊ Dr ခငစနးရ၊ Dr ရေကာသျမင၊ Ms Min Kuan, Michael William Myint & Mr Myo Thant £ 300 ၃။ Ms Yamin Myo Nyunt & M A R C Loh Family £ 300 ၄။ ဥးထနၾကညလငး+ေဒၚလြငမာက မသားစ £ 200 ၅။ Mr Peter Linn + Nyo Seint Lay & Ahkar Linn, Thiri Linn £ 200 ၆။ Dr မငးစန + ေဒၚဇာနညဝငး £ 100 ၇။ မဘဘးဘြား အစကအစမမားအားရညစး၍ Dr ျမငဝငး £ 100 ၈။ Dr ေမျမႏြယ £ 100 ၉။ Dr မျမငသနး £ 100 ၁ဝ။ In Memory of late sister Thi Thi Zin Mrs Me Me Zin + Johan Lemmene £ 100 ၁၁။ မခငေဒၚတငျမငအားရညစး၍ ကႏငေအာငမး+မထကထကေအာင £ 100 ၁၂။ Dr ခငသကေမာအားရညစး၍ ကေအာငမး+မမးသတာေကာ၊ သမး Sue May £ 100 ၁၃။ မခင Dr ခငသကေမာအားရညစး၍ သား ကေကာမးထြနး £ 100 ၁၄။ မစႏၵာ ႏင မးမး မသားစ £ 65 ၁၅။ ေဒၚေအးျမခင £ 60 ၁၆။ ကရနမးေကာ+မရရေ႒း မသားစ £ 60 ၁၇။ James Aung & Family £ 50 ၁၈။ ေဒၚႏငးရ £ 50 ၁၉။ ပြငသရက (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 50 ၂ဝ။ ေဒါကတာမးေအာငေကာ (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 50 ၂၁။ မဘမားအား အမႉးထား၍ ကေအာငမငးဥး၊ ကထငေအာင £ 50 ၂၂။ Dr ေဆြလငး + Dr သဥၨာမငး £ 50 ၂၃။ မမာလာေထြး (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 50

27

xkdYaMumifh vlukd em;vnf&ef OD;pGm vl\pdwfESifh pdwfukd jc,fvS,f aeaom apwodufwkdYukd em;vnf&ayrnf/ okdYrSom vlukd em;vnfEkdif rnf/ y&rw¬w&m;wkdYukd em;vnf&ayrnf/ okdYrSom avmuukd em;vnf Ekdifayrnf/ rsufpdonf tqif;½lyg½Hk rsKd;pHkukd jrifjcif;udpö aqmif&Gufyg onf/ aumif;aomjrifuGif; raumif;aomjrifuGif;ukd ra&G;cs,fwwfay/ ynmuom qHk;jzwfcsufcsum a&G;cs,f&ygonf/ þuJhokdY ocFg&w&m;wkdY\ aMumif;usKd;jzpfpOfoabmukd aoao csmcsm aphaph ii odoGm;aom vlom;onf ol\b0ü vmb? ouúm&? odavmuukd b0\ yef;wkdif? oHo&m\yef;wkdiftjzpf xm;awmhrnfum; r[kwfawmhay/ vmb[laom Opöm"e\ t&SifocifMuD; jzpf&rnfrSm yif yef;vSaywum;[k ÓPfü odomxif&Sm;avjyD/ ouúm&[laom vltrsm; \ tav;tjrwfjyKcHum &mxl;XmeEÅ&0daoo\ t&SifocifMuD; jzpf&rnf rSm 'ku©rsm;vSaywum;[k ÓPfü xifvmavjyD/ odavmu[laom xif ay:ausmfMum; *kPfxl;bGJUcHum ausmfapmxif&Sm;rI\ t&SifocifMuD; jzpf& rnfrSmvnf; 'ku©qif;&JrQomygwum;[k a,m*D\ÓPfü ay:vGifvm avjyD/ aemufqHk;rSmawmh vkdtifqE´ jzpfcsifrI t&mrSeforQonf b0ay; tajctaeaemufokdY waumufaumuf ygoGm;avawmhonf/ vkdtifqE´ rjynfh0cifrSmyif b0ukd tqHk;owfoGm;Mu&olawG rsm;vSygonf/ þ a,m*Dyk*d¾KvftwGuf qE´jynfh0oGm;w,fvkdY rqkdEkdifayrJhvnf; atmifjrif onfhb0wpfckukd ykdifqkdifxm;olç jrifhjrwfonfhb0rSm arGUavsmfaeol wpfOD;tjzpf qkdEkdifygonf/ vlom;rsm;tm;vHk; vkdtifqE´awG &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifawG ukd,fpD ukd,fpDeJU atmifjrifwJh b0c&D;vrf;ukd rsufESmyef;vSvS txufwef; usus avQmufvSrf;EkdifMuygapukefownf;/

N

26

um; ta'go arwåm? u½kPmESifh qefUusifaypGwum;/ vlonf jzpfcsif&m&m rsm;vGef;vSonf/ vkdcsif&m&m rsm;vGef;vS ayonf/ pD;yGm;vnf; jzpfcsifonf/ avmu"mwfynmwwfvnf; jzpfcsif onf/ xifay:csifonf/ ausmfMum;csifonf/ tjcHt&Hy&dowf rsm;csif onf/ wpfzef igomvQif pD;yGm;jzpfol? igomvQif Opömaygol? igomvQif ½kyfacsmol? igomvQif usef;rmol [lívnf; jycsifao;onf/ qufvufjyD; igvkd wwfonfhawmfonfhvl? igvkd pdwfaumif; ESvHk;aumif;&dSonfhvl? igvkd oDvorm"dESifh jynfhpHkonfhvl þZrÁLrSm &dSao;vkdYvm;? olwpfyg;ukd <um;&efr&dSvQifvnf; rdrdukd,fwkdif ukd,fhukd,f ukd <um;í xkdt<um;rmeESifh aysmfaewwfonf/ jzpfcsif&m&m rsm;vGef; onf[k qkd&mwGif &Hcgwpfckjzpfí rjyD;ao;aomfvnf; aemufrS ESpfck oHk;ck av;ckrsm;pGm jzpfcsifaejyefjyD/ vlonfrdrdtwGufvnf; jzpfcsifonf/ olwpfyg;twGufvnf; jzpfcsifonf/ þb0twGufvnf; jzpfcsifonf/ þb0twGufomru aemifwrvGef b0twGufvnf; jzpfcsifjyefao;onf/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom wefcdk;&SifwpfOD;OD;u vlom;\ jzpfcsifaom qE´ukd jznfhqnf;ay;rnfqkdvQif wpfaeYwpfreufrQyif jynfhpHkatmif jznfhEkdifrnf rxif[k awG;xifp&m jzpfygonf/ tqHk;ü vlom;onf xkdwefckd;&Sif\ wefckd;ukdyif vkdcsifaernfrSm aocsmayonf/ vlonf aumif;&m&mukdom vkdcsifaejcif;um; r[kwfwef&may/ ]] 'DocsØKif;rSm wkdYtbkd;&JUtkwf*lu tMuD;qHk;yJ }} [k wpfOD;u *lukd vufnSKd;nTefjyD; ajymygonf/ aemufwpfOD;u ]] wkdYtbkd;tkwf*luawmh ao;ayr,fh 'DocsØKif;rSm vuf&mu xdyfwef;yJ olUavmufvuf&m aumif;wJh *lr&dSbl;/ EkdifiHjcm;u 'DZkdif;,ljyD; uGefysLwmESifh *lyHkxkwfwm ]] vlonf aumif;wmukdvnf; jzpfcsifonf/ aumif;wmukd <um;csifonf/}} 4if;jzpf&yfukd em;vnf&ef rcufyg/ okdYaomf vlonf &Hcg qkd;wmvnf;yJ jzpfcsifjyefonf/ 4if;ukd em;vnf&ef cufwwfygonf/ vlukd arm[u jc,fvS,fxm;ygonf/ wPSm rme? 'd|du vTrf;rkd;xm;ygonf/ rodrIarm[? vkdcsifrI wPSm? wyfrufrI avmb toD;oD;ukd vl[k ac:í r&yg/ 4if;wkdYonf vlr[kwfay/ pdwfukdjc,fvS,fwwfaom apwodufrsm;omjzpfonf/

15

၂၄။ Dr မးညြန႔+ Dr ခငမာမာ £ 50 ၂၅။ ကၿဖးထကေဇာ (ပရကၡရာအလႉ) £ 50 ၂၆။ Dr ျမငဝငး £ 40 ၂၇။ Mr Ye Sit Paing + Nan Hmwe Hmwe Hung £ 40 ၂၈။ မလရညဝငး၊ မျဖမြနေကာ £ 40 ၂၉။ ကေကာစးဝငး £ 40 ၃ဝ။ Tina Wang, Teresa Wang, Jerry Tsai, Faye Tsai, Portia Tsai £ 30 ၃၁။ In Memory of late aunty Mrs Irangani De Silva £ 30 ၃၂။ ဖခငဥးကက၊ မခငေဒၚမမခင ကရညစး၍ Dr ခငမာေထြး £ 30 ၃၃။ မခငေဒၚလၿမငအားရညစးကသလ (သကၤနးအလႉ) £ 30 ၃၄။ မခငေဒၚလၿမငအား ရညစးကသလ (ေကာငးအလႉ) £ 30 ၃၅။ ကရမငးေရႊ+မမြနမြနထြနး(သမး)သကျမတႏးေရႊ (ညမ) မသြယသြယထြနး £ 30 ၃၆။ အဘြားေဒၚျမငျမငအားရညစး၍ ေမာငေကာခငဟနး(ေမြးေန႔) £ 20 ၃၇။ ကေဇာေဇာ £ 20 ၃၈။ Portia, Faye, Tina, Teresa & Jerry £ 20 ၃၉။ Mr Lwan Moe + Nan Nwe Ni Myint £ 20 ၄ဝ။ မအာကာမးျမငျဖ မသားစ £ 20 ၄၁။ ကေအာငေကာ+မသနးသနးႏြယ (သမး)ေမသ၊ (သား)ထြနးေအာငေကာ £ 20 ၄၂။ သယဥလငး၊ စျမတေအာင £ 20 ၄၃။ ဖခငဥးတငဥး၊ မခငေဒၚတငျမင ကရညစး၍ ကႏငေအာငမး+မထကထကေအာင £ 10 ၄၄။ Mr Hugh Evans (Ireland) £ 10 ၄၅။ ဆရာေလးေဒၚဥတရာ £ 10 ၄၆။ မခငမဥၨ £ 10 ၄၇။ Steven Aung San Nyunt & Family £ 10 ၄၈။ Mr Hoke Hlaing + Mrs Kyi Kyi Maw £ 10

16

၄၉။ Nicky Lin Tun £ 10 ၅ဝ။ ေစတနာရငတစဥး £ 10 ၅၁။ ကၿဖးထကေဇာ £ 10 ၅၂။ ကေကာေဇယ+မေဆြဇငသန႔ မသားစ £ 10 ၅၃။ ေစတနာရငတစဥး £ 10 ၅၄။ In Memory of late Mrs Tina £ 10 ၅၅။ မဘမားအားအမႉးထား၍ မအအမာ £ 10 ၅၆။ မခငေဒၚတငျမငအားရညစး၍ ကမး၊ ကေဇာေဇာေအာင၊ မနလာ £ 10 ၅၇။ မခငေဒၚတငျမငအားရညစး၍ ကႏငေအာငမး+မထကထကေအာင £ 10 ၅၈။ ေစတနာရငတစဥး £ 5 ၆ဝ။ ဥးေကာေကာညြန႔ + မျမတျပညၿဖး (ေမြးေန႔အလႉ) £ 5 ၆၁။ Kaberi Chakma £ 3

အသမစပ႒ာနးပြ ဆြမးအလႉရငမား(၂ဝ၁၁-ခႏစ ဧၿပလ)

၁၅-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ဏဆြမး ေဒၚျမငျမငဥး မသားစ ။ ေန႔ဆြမး ေဒါကတာမငးစန+ေဒၚဇာနညဝငး ၁၆-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ဏဆြမး ဥးေအာငေကာႏင+Dr. လလခင မသားစ ။ ေန႔ဆြမး ဥးျမဟန+ေဒၚသနးေ႒း မသားစ ၁၇-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ဏဆြမး ဥးေကာေကာညြန႔+ေဒၚျမတျပညၿဖး ။ ေန႔ဆြမး ျမနမာႏစသစကး ႏစဥးစေပါငးဆြမးကပ

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owå0gawGukd igodovkd odEdkifygapç igjrifovkd jrifEdkifygapqkdonfh qE´awGeJU av;toacsFeJU urÇmwpfodef; Mumjrihfatmif ypönf;Opöm pdefa&T &wemrsm;udk ay;urf; vSL'gef;jcif;qkdonfh 'geyg&rD? ukd,fvuft*Fg tMuD;ti,frsm;ukd vSL'gef;jcif;qkdonfh 'geOyyg&rD? rdrdtoufukdyg riJh uGufbJ ay;urf;vSL'gef;cJhonfh 'geOyyg&rD tp&daom yg&rDq,fyg; tjym;oHk;q,fukd jznfhusifhcJhjyD; aemufqHk;bk&m;tjzpfokdY a&muf&dSawmfrlcJh ygonf/ bk&m;&Sif\qE´onf tjynfht0 jynfhpHkoGm;jyD;vkdY rqkdEkdifao;yg/ bk&m;jzpfjyD;vQifjyD;csif; rdrdtay: aus;Zl;rsm;onfh avmuDpsmef tbdnmPf&xm;aom tmVm&ESifh O'u&aohESpfyg;ukd u,fwifcsifonfh qE´awGjzpfay:vmaomfvnf; t½lybHkokdY a&mufESifhaejyD; jzpfaomaMumifh u,fwifEdkifcGifh r&cJhygbl;/ &Sifa'0'wfonf aemufqHk; uG,fvGefawmf rlcgeD; tcsdefwGif bk&m;&Sifukd zl;ajrmfcsifonfh qE´awGjzpfay:vmum bk&m;&SifESifh awGUcsifonfh qE´&dSygaomfvnf; awGUcGifhr&bJ uG,fvGefoGm; &&Smygonf/ t&Sifom&dykwå&monfyifvQif rdcif\aus;Zl;ukd qyfEdkifzkdY twGuf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm apmifhqkdif;cJh&ygonf/ aemufqHk; y&dedAÁmef pHawmf rlcgeD;tcsdef usrSomvQif Ak'¨bmom0if jzpfapcsifonfhqE´u jynfh0oGm;cJh ygonf/ qkdvkdonfrSm qE´wpfck atmifjrifjynfhajrmufzkdYqkdwm wpfcg wpfav b0wpfckwnf;eJU &if;vkdYawmh r&bl;qkdwmukd odapcsifygonf/ rdrduynmwwfonfholeJUawGUawmh ukd,fwkdifvnf; ynmwwfcsif onfh qE´awG jzpfay:vmygonf/ ukd,feJUywfouf&m ywfoufaMumif; om;orD;awG oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGawG aqGrsKd;awmfpyf&m awmfpyfonfhol awGukd odapcsif wwfapcsifonf qE´qkdwm &dSMuwmygyJ/ jynfhpHkcsifaom avmuMuD;onf rjynfhrpHkjzpfae&ygonf/ jidrf;csrf; csifaom avmuMuD;onf rjidrf;rcsrf; jzpfae&ygonf/ vSycsifaom avmuMuD;onf rvSry jzpfae&ygonf/ om,mcsifaom avmuMuD; onf romr,m jzpfae&ygonf/ arwåm&Sif? u½kPm&Sif yk*d¾KvfjrwfMuD; wkdYonf avmuMuD;ukd tjrJxm0& jynfhpHkjidrf;csrf; om,mvSy pkdjynf apcsifygonf/ jrifhjrwfaom yk*d¾KvfwkdYonf vlom;wkdYtay: arwåmrkd;? u½kPmrkd; &GmoGef; jzKd;jcif;rSm tpOftvm"r®wmaywnf;/ okdYaomf avmbrkd;? a'gorkd;? arm[rkd;? rmerkd;? rpä&d,rkd;rsm; oJoJrJrJ &GmoGef;csaeaom ykxkZOfwdkY\ vlUabmifavmu vlwkdY&Gmonf

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qE´qkdonfrSm rdrdjzpfcsifonfh t&mrSeforQç rdrdvkyfcsif atmifjrif csifonfhvkyfief;rSeforQukd qkdvkdjyD; b0qkdwmuawmh vuf&dS&&dSxm;onfh cE¨mukd,f a,mufsm; rdef;rb0ç vufawGU&ifqkdif MuHKawGUae&onfh b0ay; tajctaeukd qkd&rnfjzpfonf/ vlom;wkdif;rSm vSywJh tdyfruf uav;awG xufjrufonfh vkdtifqE´awG &dSaeMupjrJyg? xkdvkdtifqE´ awGukd az:xkwfjyoonfhtaejzifh What are you going to do when you grow up? om;om;av; rD;rD;av;MuD;vmvQif bmvkyfcsifovJvkdY i,fpOf awmifaus; uav;b0upjyD; vlMuD;rdbawGu ar;avh&dSMuygonf/ ukd,fjzpfcsifonfh qE´awG ukd,fpDukd,fi ajymjywwfMuygonf/ þonf rSm rdrdwkdY &ifaoG;i,f uav;rsm;\vkdtifqE´awGukd xkwfaz:apcsifMu onfhoabmygyJ/ touft&G,fawG MuD;jyif;vmonfhtcgrSm ukd,fjzpfcsif onfhqE´eJU b0ay; tajctaeawGu ajreJUrkd;yrm uGmjcm;vmwwfyg w,f/ okdYaomf qE´0awm uðemr ur®H eodZöswd qkdonfhpum;ukdawmh arhrxm;oifhMuygbl;/ qE´&dSvQif rNyD;ajrmufEkdifaomt&m r&Sd? b,ft&m rqkd atmifjrifjyD;ajrmufEkdifonf[laom tm;ay;pum;av;wpfcGef;ygyJ/ qE´&dS,HkeJU t&m&mwkdif; jyD;ajrmufatmifjrifEkdifw,fqkdonfh pum; onf wu,fawmh vufcHEkdifp&m taMumif;r&dSygbl;/ bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh qE´&JUaemufuG,frSm MudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIqkdonfh 0D&d,? MuHq awG;awm qifjcifwwfonfhynmeJU pdwftm;xufoefrIoabm raemav; rsm; yg0ifvmrSomvQif jyD;jynfhpHkEdkifygonf/ vkdtifqE´ &dS,Hkoufouf eJUawmh b,ft&mrS ratmifjrifEkdifygbl;/ avxJrSm wkduftdrfaqmufovkd taumiftxnfaz:vkdYr&yg/ avmurSm qE´jynfh0oGm;onfhol&,fvkdY r&dS Ekdifygbl;/ ykxkZOfowå0gawGtwGufawmh jynfhpHkoGm;onfh vlawG r&dSbl; qkdwm aocsmaeygonf/ bk&m;&Sif[m okar"mb0u wpfa,mufwnf; edAÁmefukd vG,fvG,f ulul 0ifEkdifygonf/ okdYaomf igwpfa,mufwnf; edAÁmefukdul;rnfqkd&if b,ftusKd;rsm;rSmvnf; oHo&m0JMoCxJrSm epfajrmaeonfh a0ae,s

ÓPfÓPf B

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အသမစပ႒ာနးပြ အလႉရငမား(၂ဝ၁၁-ခႏစ ဧၿပလ)

၁။ ေဒၚျမငျမငဥး မသားစ £ 160 ၂။ ဥးတငခငအားရညစး၍ မဝငးၾကညျဖ £ 150 ၃။ ေဒါကတာျမငဝငး မသားစ £ 100 ၄။ Dr ရေသြး + Dr ၾကညၾကညလ (သမး) Dr ခငေသြး £ 100 ၅။ ေဒါကတာမငးည + ေဒၚခငျမေဆြ £ 50 ၆။ ဥးျမဟန + ေဒၚသနးေ႒း မသားစ £ 50 ၇။ ေဒါကတာတငတငဝငး £ 50 ၈။ Dr ၾကညတး + ေဒၚခခေဆြ၊ (သား)ၿဖးေဇာေအာင၊ (သမး) စမးလေဝ £ 50 ၉။ Dr ကက + ေဒၚေမာလျမျမဝငးက £ 50 ၁ဝ။ မျပညၿဖးေကာ £ 30 ၁၁။ ေဒၚေမာလစးႏင သားမား £ 30 ၁၂။ Dr ေဇယာေရႊ + Dr မးဆမး £ 30 ၁၃။ ကမး + မျဖေဖြး (သမး) မသစၥာ £ 30 ၁၄။ Dr ဇာနညရျမင + Dr ေမျမတစ £ 30 ၁၅။ ဥးေအာငေကာႏင+Dr လလခင မသားစ £ 24 ၁၆။ မတငတငလႈင £ 15 ၁၇။ မခငစစဝငး £ 10 ၁၈။ ဖခင(ဥးစးျမင)၊ မခငေဒၚခငခငဝငးအား အမႉးထား၍ သမး မဝငးပပစး £ 10 ၁၉။ ဥးေကာေကာညြန႔+မျမတျပညၿဖး မသားစ £ 10 *မတခက။ ။ သဃာေတာမားအား သးျခားကပလႉေသာ ပ႒ာနးအလႉရငမား ႏင ေဝယာဝစၥကသလရငမားျဖစၾကေသာ Burmese Youth Association မ လငယမားႏင အျခားေသာ လငယ လႀကးအားလးေသာ ကသလရငမားက ဤေနရာ၌ မတတမးတငလက သာဓ အႏေမာဒနာေခၚဆအပပါသည။

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The Buddha is like an expert doctor in that he is able to heal all sickness of the defilements. The Dhamma is like a rightly applied medi-cine, and the Sangha, with their defilements cured, are like people re-stored to health by that medicine. Of course, Dhamma is a medicine for curing disease. This is a strange and special medicine because it can be taken by anyone, regard-less of religion, nationality, ethnic background, education, class, or lan-guage. Anyone may use this medicine, for Dhamma is like those modern drugs that cure physical ailments. Such drugs can be taken by people all over the world, no matter what their religion, race, sex, profession, or language. Although we come from different cultures, we can use the very same kind of medicine. Take aspirin, for example, no matter who and where we are, we can take a few aspirin to get rid of a headache. Dhamma is the same and it is the universal medicine.

Which is the serious illness?

There are two kinds of illness: physical illness and mental illness. There seem to be people who enjoy freedom from physical illness even for a year or two ……. even for a hundred years or more. But rare in the world are those who enjoy freedom from mental illness, even for one moment, except those who are free from mental defilements. Nowadays it is estimated that nearly 340 million people worldwide are affected by depression, 45 million by schizophrenia and 29 million by dementia. Men-tal disorders account for a high proportion of all disability adjusted life

Bhikkhu Pañño

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(၂ဝ၁၁-ခႏစ ဇႏၷဝါရလမ မတလအတြငး) တသရဏဝဟာရ ဆြမးစားေကာငးေဆာင အလႉရငမား

၁။ ကေအာငေကာသ+မလလဝငး (သမး)ေကသဝငးေအာင ကလာဝငးေအာင၊ (သား)ေနသနဝငးေအာင £ 100 ၂။ ေဒါကတာမငးစန+ေဒၚဇာနညဝငး £ 100 ၃။ ကြယလြနသ ေဒၚညြန႔ရအားရညစး၍ ေဒၚသနးရင £ 40 ၄။ ဥးစးျမင+ေဒၚတငတငခင (သား)ေဝယစး၊ သဟစး £ 30

2011 Easter တရားစခမး ဆြမးအလႉရငမား

၂၂-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ဏဆြမး မဝငးပပစး၊ ။ ေန႔ဆြမး ဖခငဥးသနးထြဋကရညစး၍ ကဝငး+မအငယေလး မသားစ၊ ၂၃-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ဏဆြမး ဥးေအာငေကာႏင+Dr လလခင၊ ။ ေန႔ဆြမး မနလာေအး၊ ၂၄-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ဏဆြမး ကဝငးႏငဥး+မစစစစဝငး ။ ေန႔ဆြမး ဖခငဥးျမသနးအားရညစး၍ သားသမးတစစ၊ ၂၅-၄-၂ဝ၁၁ အ႐ဏဆြမး+ေန႔ဆြမး မအာကာမးျမငျဖ၊

Having seen a shape with the eye, smelt a smell with the nose, sa-voured a taste with the tongue, felt a touch with the body or cog-nized a thought with the mind, he is not entranced by its general ap-pearance or its detail. For if he lived with the sense organs uncon-trolled, attraction, repulsion and evil unskilled states of mind would grow. So he controlls the sense of organs, and having this noble control of the sense organs, he experiences within himself the hap-piness of being unruffled.

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"Whatever treasure there be either in the world beyond, whatever precious jewel there be in the heavenly worlds, there is nought comparable to the Tathagata (the Perfect One). This precious jewel is the Buddha. By this (asseveration of the) truth may there be happiness."

"That Cessation, that Detachment, that Deathlessness(Nibbana) supreme, the calm and collected Sakyan Sage (the Buddha) had realized. There is nought comparable to this (Nibbana) Dhamma. This precious jewel is the Dhamma. By this (asseveration of the) truth may there be happiness."

"The eight persons extolled by virtuous men constitute four pairs. They are the disciples of the Buddha and are worthy of offerings. Gifts given to them yield rich results. This precious jewel is the Sangha. By this (asseveration of the) truth may there be happiness."

ing someone to talk to. At the end she was given three stages of treat-ment which to have cured her and she was totally free from all mental defilements. "May all beings be free from all mental defilements and peaceful forever."

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years (DALYs) lost, and this burden is predicted to grow significantly (WHO, 2001b) in the future. "The body is afflicted, weak, & encumbered. For who, looking after this body, would claim even a moment of true health, except through sheer foolishness? So you should train yourself: 'Even though I may be afflicted in body, my mind will be unafflicted.' That is how you should train yourself." said the Buddha. (Samyutta Nikaya, Nakulapita Sutta) This is why there is the principle that Dhamma must be studied and learned internally, rather than externally. We must learn from life itself. Learn from all the things that you experience within this fathom-long body. Please be certain to learn inside only, and don’t bother learn-ing outside. The things that we learn from external sources, such as books and talks, are never enough. Only by looking within can we come to understand these spiritual diseases completely. The external kind of study and learning, such as reading books, discussion, and listening to talks as you are doing now, can do no more than explain the method and means of inner study. This external study only learns how to go about the inner study. Then, you must go and do that inner study in or-der to understand Dhamma. This way of understanding the Buddha and his teachings dates back to the earliest texts, and yet is also very cur-rent. Buddhist meditation practice becomes now popular as a form of healing, and quite a few psychotherapists now recommend that their pa-tients try meditation as part of their treatment.

The treatment to cure sickness of defilements

There are three stages of treatment according to the Buddha's teaching – morality is the first stage, concentration the second, and wis-

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dom the third. The eight steps of the Eightfold Path are classified under these three stages. Morality includes right speech, right action, and right livelihood; concentration includes right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration; and wisdom includes right understanding, and right thought (which are the first two steps in the Eightfold Path). Although wisdom is in one sense the beginning of the Eightfold Path, in a more important sense it is the outcome. There are three stages of treatment because there are three stages of defilement which must be overcome. In the first stage, defilements are not manifest in words or deeds, but lie latent in each being. In the second stage they come up from the latent state to the level of thoughts, emotions, and feelings when they are awakened by an object, pleasant or unpleasant. In the third stage they become fierce and ungovernable and produce evil actions. The three stages of treatment dispel the three stages of defile-ment. Morality can dispel only the defilements of evil actions, but leaves untouched the defilements of the two lower levels, so they could rise again. Therefore, morality is called the temporary putting away of defile-ments. Concentration can dispel only the second defilements of thoughts, emotions, and feelings. It can be effective for a considerable time, for it is more powerful than morality; but since the defilements which are latent are not dispelled, the defilements of the second level could arise again. Therefore the putting away by concentration is called the putting away to a distance. The defilements of the first level, the latent defilements, are dis-pelled by wisdom, by insight. They are untouched by morality or concen-tration, but when dispelled through insight will never arise again. Getting rid of them by wisdom is like cutting a tree by the root; therefore, the putting away by insight is called the cutting away. Since the three stages

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of treatment are interdependent and interrelated, they should be prac-ticed at the same time. For example, when living a moral life, it is easier to have right concentration and right understanding. The practice of right concentration helps one to live rightly and to understand things rightly; and in the same way, the practice of right understanding helps one to live rightly and to concentrate rightly. On the other hand, they cannot be practiced separately, for it is impossible to live a moral life without con-centration – which mind control – and without right understanding; in the same way, concentration and wisdom always require the other two stages. In addition, the Buddha also used various kind of techniques to heal all sickness of the defilements like modern psychiatrists who heal mental health by relaxation, physical activity, learning to assert yourself, setting goals, expressing feelings, facing up to problems, finding some-one to talk to and etc,. At the Buddha's time a lady named Kisāgotami whose little son suddenly fell ill and died. She was carrying the child's corpse in her arm, came to the Buddha and said him, "Master, give me medicine for my son to be alive." The Buddha replied that she needs to bring only very small quantity of mustard seed from any house where no one had ever died. She trusted the Blessed One's word and went to the town to search for it. But she couldn't find any house where no one had ever died. She was told, "The dead are more numerous than the living." Towards evening she finally realized that she was not alone in being stricken by the death of a beloved one: this was common human fate. What no words had been able to convey to her before, her own experience of going from door to door had made clear. So that is why the Blessed One asked her to search for such mustard seeds. Therefore the Buddha was able to heal her obsession and bring her to an acceptance of reality by using the techniques such as learning to assert herself, facing the problems, find-