tips for the presentation of data presentation by: astrid marschatz

Tips for the presentation of data

Presentation by: Astrid Marschatz

UNDOCO, DevInfo Project Manager

DevInfo v6.0 training workshop

Geneva, 7-11 December 2009

Why do we want to present data?

Why do we want to present data?

• To portray and describe facts

• To communicate information

• To advocate for issues and persuade audiences

• To engage readers/viewers

It is essential for presentations of data to be – clear– informative – self-explanatory– pleasant in appearance

What does the optimal presentation of data depend

on?

• The type of data (e.g. text or numeric, categorical or binary)

• The amount of data and the space available

• The type of media (printed, PowerPoint, etc.)

• The audience

• The message to be conveyed

The optimal presentation of data depends partially on ….

What are some benefits of tables?

• Display information in a clear and orderly manner

• Good for large amounts of information and detailed data

Benefits of tables

BULGARIA

Select social indicators

Year

Rate of children (0-17 yrs) affected by parental divorce

Rate of children (0-3 yrs) in infant homes

Rate of children (0-17 yrs) in residential care

Per 1,000 population Per 100,000 population

1989 6.3 894.7

1990 5.9 880.1 1281.4

1991 5.7 887.9 1307.9

1992 5.0 962.1 1349.7

1993 3.9 1037.9 1400.3

1994 3.6 1115.7 1417.5

1995 5.0 1121.1 1441.9

1996 4.7 1236.2 1520.8

1997 4.6 1307.7 1409.8

1998 5.3 1334.9 1401.6

1999 5.0 1280.8 1451.0

2000 5.3 1207.0 1428.4

2001 5.4 1237.5 1467.3

2002 5.6 1176.5 831.3

2003 6.9 1096.4 774.5

Source: TransMONEE 2005

What are some benefits of graphs?

• Graphs can display information in a clear, effective and visually

appealing manner

• Graphs help to show

– relative distributions

– disparities between groups

– relations between indicators (correlation)

– trends over time

Benefits graphs

Direct Rule Dis-

tricts

Dushanbe City

GBAO Khatlon Sughd0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

TAJIKISTANDivision of resident population

Per 1000 persons

Below employable age Employable age Above employable age

Graphs help to show relative distributions

Source: InfoUNICEF Argentina. Source: Tajik GenderInfo

6%

8%

40%

47%

ARGENTINAPopulation by marital status, 2001

Number

Divorced/Separated Widow(er) Single Married

Graphs help to show disparities between groups

1990 20040

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

CROATIALife expectancy at birth

Years

Female Male

Year

Perc

ent

Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG.

1992

2002

42.4

28.0

93.4

87.0

KYRGYZSTANProportion of population whose homes are

connected to water supply systemPercent

Urban

Rural

Percent

Year


Graphs help to show relations between indicators

Source: MDGInfo 2009. Source: MDG Info 2009.

Belarus Bulgaria Ukraine Kaza-khstan

Georgia0

10

20

30

40

50

60

SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPEGender pay gap (percent) and Share of Women

in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector (percent)

2000

Gender pay gapShare of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector

Perc

ent

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

RUSSIAN FEDERATIONCarbon dioxide emissions (Thousand metric tons) and Consumption of all ozone-depleting substances (ODP

metric tons)1990 - 2006

Carbon dioxide emissionsConsumption of all ozone-depleting substances

Thou

sand

met

ric to

ns

ODP

met

ric to

ns

Graphs help to show trends over time

Source: MDGInfo 2009. Source: MDGInfo 2009.

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

SELECT ASIAN COUNTRIESTelephone lines

Per 100 population

Kazakhstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan

Per 1

00 p

opul

ation

19901992

19941996

19982000

20022004

20062008

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

ALBANIAMarine and terrestrial areas protected, 1990 -

2008Sq km

Marine areas protected Terrestrial areas protected

Sq k

m

What are some benefits of maps?

184522

183411

317491

302532

206184

207053

401496

402961

493298

491148

310380

301508

1544864

1455837

242399

244160

49383

51696

589872

568275

7101324

6725879

680981

657542 471533

459458

145089

144894 1577398

1489403

150125

149169237889

236266

168024

166544

544911

534140

481199

484323

278151

274671

96479

100479

810386

769265

• Maps can display information in a clear, effective and visually appealing manner

• Maps help demonstrate how data vary geographically

Benefits maps

ARGENTINAPopulation size, 2001

Source: InfoUNICEF Argentina.

Total 101,079 - 500,000500,001 - 1,000,0001,000,001 - 13,827,203Missing ValueCantidad de poblacion Femenina

Masculina

Tips for presenting data in tables

• Table titles should be concise and descriptive, presenting the reader/viewer with a clear idea of

– the table’s content

– the population included

– the reference period

E.g. “Share of adults aged 15 years and older living with HIV, who are

women, 1990, 2002, 2006 (Percentage)”

• Columns and rows should have a heading/stub identifying the data presented

Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible data tables

Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible data tables

• The unit of measure should be mentioned either in the title of the table or in the column/row headings/stubs

• For clarity, row/column arrangement should follow a standard (natural or logical) order, e.g. alphabetical, geographical, by magnitude

• The use of decimal points within tables must be consistent

• Numeric values should be right-justified

• The source of data must always be specified

Administrative staff in education, 2006-2007

Area NameAdministrative staff in preschool institutions

Administrative staff in primary-lower secondary education

Female Male Total Female Male Total

Deçan/Decani 0 0 0 2 25 27

Dragash/Dragaš 0 0 0 0 20 20

Ferizaj/Uroševac 2 1 3 6 46 52

Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo Polje 3 0 3 8 7 15

Gjakovë/Ðakovica 3 1 4 9 47 56

Gjilan/Gnjilane 3 0 3 4 32 36

Gllogovc/Glogovac 0 4 4 5 46 51

Istog/Istok 3 0 3 6 13 19

Kaçanik/Kacanik 1 0 1 0 18 18

Kamenicë/Kamenica 2 0 2 3 19 22

Klinë/Klina 1 1 2 1 25 26

Leposaviq/Leposavic 0 0 0 0 1 1

Lipjan/Lipljan 0 2 2 3 26 29

Malishevë/Mališevo 0 0 0 0 30 30

Mitrovicë/Mitrovica 1 3 4 12 37 49

Novobërdë/Novo Brdo 0 0 0 1 3 4

Obiliq/ Obilic 2 0 2 4 6 10

Pejë/Pec 3 0 3 11 42 53

Podujevë/Podujevo 2 0 2 14 43 57

Prishtinë/Priština 17 5 22 35 59 94

Prizren 1 1 2 19 67 86

Rahovec/Orahovac 1 0 1 0 34 34

Shtërpcë/Štrpce 0 0 0 1 3 4

Shtime/Štimlje 0 0 0 0 10 10

Skenderaj/Srbica 1 1 2 2 30 32

Suharekë/Suva Reka 1 1 2 2 39 41

Viti/Vitina 1 2 3 2 29 31

Vushtrri/Vucitrn 3 0 3 5 36 41

Zubin Potok 0 0 0 1 1 2

Zveçan/Zvecan 0 0 0 0 1 1

Table hard to read.

Units? Location? Source?

Source: KosovoEducation.

KOSOVO

Administrative staff in education, 2006-2007

Number

DistrictAdministrative staff in preschool institutions

Administrative staff in primary-lower secondary education

Female Male Total Female Male Total

Deçan/Decani 0 0 0 2 25 27

Dragash/Dragaš 0 0 0 0 20 20

Ferizaj/Uroševac 2 1 3 6 46 52

Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo Polje 3 0 3 8 7 15

Gjakovë/Ðakovica 3 1 4 9 47 56

Gjilan/Gnjilane 3 0 3 4 32 36

Gllogovc/Glogovac 0 4 4 5 46 51

Istog/Istok 3 0 3 6 13 19

Kaçanik/Kacanik 1 0 1 0 18 18

Kamenicë/Kamenica 2 0 2 3 19 22

Klinë/Klina 1 1 2 1 25 26

Leposaviq/Leposavic 0 0 0 0 1 1

Lipjan/Lipljan 0 2 2 3 26 29

Malishevë/Mališevo 0 0 0 0 30 30

Mitrovicë/Mitrovica 1 3 4 12 37 49

Novobërdë/Novo Brdo 0 0 0 1 3 4

Obiliq/ Obilic 2 0 2 4 6 10

Pejë/Pec 3 0 3 11 42 53

Podujevë/Podujevo 2 0 2 14 43 57

Prishtinë/Priština 17 5 22 35 59 94

Prizren 1 1 2 19 67 86

Rahovec/Orahovac 1 0 1 0 34 34

Shtërpcë/Štrpce 0 0 0 1 3 4

Shtime/Štimlje 0 0 0 0 10 10

Skenderaj/Srbica 1 1 2 2 30 32

Suharekë/Suva Reka 1 1 2 2 39 41

Viti/Vitina 1 2 3 2 29 31

Vushtrri/Vucitrn 3 0 3 5 36 41

Zubin Potok 0 0 0 1 1 2

Zveçan/Zvecan 0 0 0 0 1 1

Poverty level

Low (<25%) Medium (25-35%) High (>35%)

Extreme poverty level

Low (<3%) Medium (3-6%) High(>6%)

Colored cells for easy interpretation of data

Source: DevInfo Armenia PRSP-MDG.

ARMENIA

Poverty and extreme poverty levels, 2005

Percent

Region Poverty level Extreme poverty level

Aragatsotn 32.3 3.1

Ararat 30.9 7.4

Armavir 31.6 3.8

Gegharkunik 36.8 2.9

Kotaik 34.5 8.7

Lori 28.8 5.8

Shirak 42.5 4.3

Syunik 28.9 2.3

Tavush 25.8 3.8

Vayots Dzor 19.2 1.8

Yerevan 23.9 3.6

ARMENIA

Poverty and extreme poverty levels, 2005

Percent

Region Poverty level Extreme poverty level

Aragatsotn 32.3 3.1

Ararat 30.9 7.4

Armavir 31.6 3.8

Gegharkunik 36.8 2.9

Kotaik 34.5 8.7

Lori 28.8 5.8

Shirak 42.5 4.3

Syunik 28.9 2.3

Tavush 25.8 3.8

Vayots Dzor 19.2 1.8

Yerevan 23.9 3.6

Source: DevInfo Armenia PRSP-MDG.

No special row arrangement

Rows arranged alphabetically

Rows arranged by data value

SELECT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rate (15-49 yrs), 2005

Percent

Country Adult HIV/AIDS prevalence rate

Romania 0.1

Belarus 0.3

Macedonia 0.1

Bulgaria 0.1

Croatia 0.1

Serbia & Montenegro 0.2

Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.1

Russian Federation 1.1

Moldova 1.1

Ukraine 1.4

Source: CEE CIS Regional MDG



Percent


Belarus 0.3


Bulgaria 0.1

Croatia 0.1

Macedonia 0.1

Moldova 1.1

Romania 0.1



Ukraine 1.4




Percent



Bulgaria 0.1

Croatia 0.1

Macedonia 0.1

Romania 0.1


Belarus 0.3

Moldova 1.1


Ukraine 1.4


Tips for presenting data in graphs

• Graphs should be visually appealing and easy for readers/viewers to comprehend

• Graphs take up space so they should illustrate only important points

• Do not use graphs if you have too few or too many values, or values show little variation

• Choose a clear graphical display The most appropriate type depends partly on the number of

categories to be represented and their relative size

• Graphs should be understandable by themselves, i.e. the title and subtitle should refer to – the content – the population– the reference period

Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible graphs

• For clarity, arrangement should follow a natural or logical order, e.g. alphabetical, geographical, by magnitude

• Redundant features such as excessive gridlines and labels or unnecessary 3-D effects should be avoided, since they crowd the plot area and risk distracting the reader/viewer

• All axes should be properly labeled. The unit of measurement for each axis must be clear, and tick marks and gridlines included where necessary

• Axis scales should start with the minimum value. If scale breaks are

used, these should be marked with a symbol


Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible graphs (cont.)

Turke

y

Armen

ia

Ukrain

e

Albania

Serbia

& M

onte

negr

o

Geo

rgia

Russia

n Fed

erat

ion

Kyrgy

zsta

n

Kazak

hsta

n

Azerb

aijan

Roman

ia

Tajikis

tan

Mold

ova

Bosnia

& H

erze

govin

a

Uzbek

istan

Mac

edon

ia

Croat

ia

Bulgar

ia

Belaru

s

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPEProportion of seats held by women in national parliament, 2005

Percent

Perc

entWrong type of graph for data


Turkey

Armenia

Ukraine

Albania

Serbia & Montenegro

Georgia

Russian Federation

Kyrgyzstan

Kazakhstan

Azerbaijan

Romania

Tajikistan

Moldova

Bosnia & Herzegovina

Uzbekistan

Macedonia

Croatia

Bulgaria

Belarus

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPEProportion of seats held by women in national parliament, 2005

Percent

PercentSource: CEE CIS Regional MDG

Female Male Total92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

MACEDONIANet enrolment ratio in primary education

Percent

2000 2007

Perc

entWrong type of graph for data

Source: MDGInfo 2009.

Female Male Total92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100


Percent

2000 2007

Perc

ent

==

Axis break should be very visible!!

Source: MDGInfo 2009

Female Male Total0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Percent

20002007

Perc

ent


Female; 21.9

Male; 63.6

TURKEYEmployment-to-population ratio, 2007

Percent

Wrong type of graph for data


Female Male

21.9

63.6

TURKEYEmployment-to-population ratio, 2007

Percent

Sex

Perc

ent


1990 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

100

200

300

400

500

600

TURKEYSeats in national parliament (Number) and Seats held by women in national

parliament (percent)1990 - 2009

Seats held by women in national parliament Seats in national parliament

Different units on same axis


1990 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

TURKEYSeats in national parliament (Number) and Seats held by women in national

parliament (percent)1990 - 2009

Seats in national parliament Seats held by women in national parliament

Num

ber

Perc

ent


No special column

arrangement

Columns arranged

alphabetically

Columns arranged by data value

Sour

ce: I

nfoU

NIC

EF A

rgen

tina.

Sour

ce: I

nfoU

NIC

EF A

rgen

tina.

Sour

ce: I

nfoU

NIC

EF A

rgen

tina.

Buenos Aires

Catamarca Chubut Cordoba Entre Rios La Rioja Mendoza Neuquen Rio Negro Santa Fe Tucuman0

200

400 ARGENTINASocial investment in health, 2002

Pesos per child

Province

Peso

s pe

r ch

ild

Neuquen La Rioja Chubut Catamarca Rio Negro Entre Rios Cordoba Mendoza Buenos Aires

Santa Fe Tucuman0

100

200

300

400ARGENTINA

Social investment in health, 2002Pesos per child

Province

Peso

s pe

r ch

ild

Neuquen Santa Fe Chubut Rio Negro Entre Rios Catamarca La Rioja Buenos Aires

Cordoba Tucuman0

50100150200250300350400 ARGENTINA

Social investment in health, 2002Pesos per child

Province

Peso

s pe

r ch

ild

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

5

10

15

20

25

30

15.1516.11

7.08 6.957.98

8.689.21

9.81

20.27

21.72

23.0323.94 24.34 24.8 25.28

27.05

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINATelephone lines

Per 100 population

Per 1

00 p

opul

ation

Unnecessary gridlines or

data labels


1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

5

10

15

20

25

30


Per 100 population

Per 1

00 p

opul

ation


1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

15.1516.11

7.08 6.957.98

8.689.21

9.81

20.27

21.72

23.0323.94 24.34 24.8 25.28

27.05


Per 100 population

Per 1

00 p

opul

ation


Adolfo Alsina Campana La Matanza Lihuel Calel0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

ARGENTINA (selected departments)Population , 2001

Number

Entre 10 y 14 años total Entre 5 y 9 años total Entre 15 y 19 años total Entre 0 y 4 años total

Department

Num

ber

Graph type not appropriate

for relative size of categories

Adolfo Alsina Campana La Matanza Lihuel Calel0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Population in 2001

Argentina, selected departments

Entre 10 y 14 años total Entre 5 y 9 años total Entre 15 y 19 años total Entre 0 y 4 años total

Department

20002001

20022003

20042005

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINAArea protected to maintain biological diversity, 2000-2005

Square Km

Year

Squa

re K

m

Unnecessary 3-D effects

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

300

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINAArea protected to maintain biological diversity, 2000-2005

Square Km

Year

Squa

re K

m

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

RUSSIAN FEDERATIONProportion of own account and contributing family workers in total employment

Percent

FemaleMale

Perc

ent

Excessive gridlines


1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0.50.700000000000001

1.11.5

1.8

2.6 2.5

8.68.1

6.26

5.6 5.76

5.85.5

11.4

2

2.52.7

3.33.3

7.77.4

5.9

5.9 6 6.16.4 6.3

6.1

RUSSIAN FEDERATIONProportion of own account and contributing family workers in total employment

Percent

FemaleMale

Perc

ent


Tips for presenting data in maps

• They should be visually appealing and easy for readers to comprehend

• Maps take up space so they should illustrate only important points • Maps should be understandable by themselves, i.e. titles should refer

to the content, the population, and the reference period

• Maps should be accompanied by a legend, and by labels when necessary


Tips for preparing clean, comprehensible data maps

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

nCentral Banat District

South Banat District

North Banat District

Sremski District

Backa South District

Backa North District

West Backa District

Note: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

SERBIA – VOJVODINAPopulation density (persons per sq km), General

practitioners (per 1000 population) and Hospital beds (per 1000 population

Source: DevInfo 5.0 Srbija Serbia

Too many themes

Total 64 - 7576 - 100101 - 148Missing Value

Total 0.30 - 0.350.36 - 0.40Missing Value

Total

n 3.4 - 5.0

n 5.1 - 7.0

n 7.1 - 10.4n Missing Value

Population density General practitioners Hospital beds

Georgia

Turkey

Bulgaria

Greece

Per 100 population

30 - 30

31 - 74

75 - 96

97 - 143

Missing Value

Note: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.Source: UNICEF, SOWC 2007.

Too many data categoriesSELECT COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPE

Telephone lines, 2002-2004Per 100 population

Georgia

Turkey

Bulgaria

Greece


Per 100 population

Less than 75

75 or more

Missing Data

Source: UNICEF, SOWC 2007.

SELECT COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND EUROPETelephone lines, 2002-2004

Per 100 population


Romania 4


Ukraine 6.4

Macedonia 5.1

Moldova 1.6

Croatia 4.7

Belarus 6

Bulgaria 5.3

Albania 0.8


SELECT COUNTRIES OF EUROPECarbon dioxide emissions per capita, 2002

Metric tons

Map labels hard to read


Total 0.8 - 4.04.1 - 4.84.9 - 6.4Missing Value

Serbia & Montenegro4.4

Romania4

Bosnia & Herzegovina4.8

Ukraine6.4

Macedonia5.1

Moldova1.6

Croatia4.7

Belarus6

Bulgaria5.3

Albania0.8


Total 0.8 - 4.04.1 - 4.84.9 - 6.4Missing ValueSource: CEE CIS Regional MDG.

SELECT COUNTRIES OF EUROPECarbon dioxide emissions per capita, 2002

Metric tons

Dushanbe City52.1In percent of economically active populationTotal2004

Sughd9.3In percent of economically active populationTotal2004

Khatlon7.0In percent of economically active populationTotal2004

GBAO17.9In percent of economically active populationTotal2004

Direct Rule Districts6.8In percent of economically active populationTotal2004


Source: Tajik GenderInfo

TAJIKISTANTotal level of unemployment in the 14-24 age group, 2004

Percent

Map labels overloaded

Unemployment 6.8 - 7.07.1 - 25.025.1 - 52.1Missing Value


Source: ESDEMSource: ESDEM

Dushanbe City52.1

Sughd9.3

Khatlon7.0GBAO17.9

Direct Rule Districts6.8

TAJIKISTANTotal level of unemployment in the 14-24 age group, 2004

Percent

Source: Tajik GenderInfo

Unemployment 6.8 - 7.07.1 - 25.025.1 - 52.1Missing Value

Uzbekistan

Turkmenistan Tajikistan

Kyrgyzstan

Kazakhstan


SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ASIAInfant mortality rate, 2003

Per 1000 live births

Does it print well in B&W?



Uzbekistan

Turkmenistan Tajikistan

Kyrgyzstan

Kazakhstan




SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ASIAInfant mortality rate, 2003

Per 1000 live births

Experiment with different types of data presentation to display

particular data points before choosing the most appropriate one and …

Keep it simple!

tips for the presentation of data presentation by: astrid marschatz

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