Tinh du ti - Phn 3: Phng php chit tch tinh du ti3.1.Phng php chng ct li cun hi nc Quy trnh:- Lm sch nguyn liu: Lm sch lp v ti trc khi chng ct v ti cn v s nh hng ti hiu sut ca qu trnh chng ct- Gi nh: gip cho qu trnh chng ct xy ra nhanh hn. Ti c th gi nh bi cc phng php th cng hay dng my xay sinh t- Chng ct: Cn 200g ti c gi nh cho vo bnh cu, lng nc a vo khong 2/3 bnh cu. Tin hnh un 3 4h khi lng tinh du khng tng na th kt thc qu trnh chng ct.- Lm kh tinh du thu c bng Na2SO4khan.- Tinh du thu c c mu vng, mi hc, v cay- Hm lng tinh du thu c theo phng php chng ct li cun hi nc: 0,18 0,2%3.2. Phng php dng dung mi hu c ete du ha

Quy trnh:- Ti cng c lm sch v gi nh nh phng php chng ct li cun hi nc- Cho 200g ti gi nh vo 300ml ete du ha ngm khong 15 ngy- Lc: hn hp ti ngm trong ete du ha bng phu Bucher, tch phn b v thu dung dch- Cho ton b dung dch lc thu c vo bnh cu- .Lp h thng my c quay ( nhit 40oC; s vng quay: 90 150 vng/pht. Khi thy dung mi khng tch ra c na th dng ct.Hm lng tinh du chit theo phng php ny: 0,23 0,25%So snh 2 phng php:Nu dng phng php chit tinh du ti bng dung mi hu c ete- du ha th hiu sut thu tinh du s cao hn so vi phng php chng ct li cun hi nc. Tuy nhin sn phm tinh du thu c phng php dng dung mi ete du ha s ng c khi nhit thp hn 40oC.

Tinh du ti - Phn 2: Tinh du ti1.Thnh phn ca tinh du tiCc hp cht c trong tinh du ti

STTTn hp cht%

12-propene -1 -ol0.7

21-propene, 3,3-thiobis-sulfide1.4

3methyl-trans-propenyl-disulfide1.1

4disulfide, di-2-propenyl37.2

5trisulfide, methyl 2-propenyl5.6

62-vinyl-4h-1,3-dithiin0.9

7trisulfide, di-2-propenyl49.6

8diallyl tetrasulphide1.8

* Hp chtTrisulfide, di-2-propenyl

T trng:1.116 0.06 g/cm3

IUPAC:3-prop-2- enylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene

KLPT:178.3386000g

im si:95.00 - 97.00 C

CTPT:C6H10S3

im chp chy:62.78 C

* Hp chtDisulfide, di-2-propenyl :37.2 %

T trng:1,01 g/cm3

IUPAC:4,5- Dithiaocta 1,7-diene

KLPT:146.28 g

im si:180oC

CTPT:C6H10S2

* Hp chtDiallyl tetrasulphide (di-2-propenyl tetrasulfide)

T trng:1.211 0.06 g/cm3

IUPAC:3-prop-2-enyldisulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene

KLPT:210.4036000

im si:180oC

CTPT: C6H10S4

* Hp chtTrisulfide, methyl 2-propenyl (methyl allyl trisulfide)

IUPAC3-methylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-eneBottom of Form

CTPT:C4H8S3

T trng:1.157 0.06 g/cm3

KLPT:152.3013200

* Hp cht :2- vinyl 4h 1,3 dithiin: 0,9%

2. Mt s tnh cht c bn: -Alliin: di tc dng ca men allinase to thnh allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) Allicin: l cht lng khng mu, d bay hi, gy mi T trng: d = 1,112 c im: km bn, tng i c hot tnh ha hc ( kh nng chng vi khun). trong nc ( t = 23oC), chu k phn hy : 30 40 ngy Do d phn hy nn khi chung ct khng tm thy allicin c mt trong tinh du -S phn hy ca Allicin: to ra 3-vinyl-6H-1,2-dithiin -S phn hy ca Allicin: to ra2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin - Diallyl Disulphide kt hp vi Oxi s to thnh Diallyl Disulphide Oxide - C6H10OS2- tc Alicin Thng thng, phn trm nhng hp cht nh : 2- propen 1 ol; 1-propene, 3,3-thiobis-sulfide s tng khi nhit v thi gian chit tng ln nhng nhng hp cht ca lu hunh nh : dimethyl disulfide; methyl 2 propenyl disulfide; dimetyl trisulfide v di 2 propenyl trisulfide s gim Khi nhit v thi gian chit tng th nhng hp cht ca lu hunh t 2, 3 lu hunh s chuyn xung hp cht mt lu hunh3.Tnh cht tinh du ti:- T trng 20oC: 1,092 - nht 20oC : 1,73 - Tinh du : mu vng, mi hc, v cay4. ng dng tinh du ti: Mi mt loi tinh du c mt c tnh ring v c nhng tc dng cha bnh ring trong hot ng ca vic tr liu bng Aromatherapy.Mt im chung ca cc loi tinh du nguyn cht l tt c chng u c cng dng dit khun d nhiu hay t.Ngoi ra, tinh du c th nh thc gic quan con ngi, xoa du nhng cngthng, lo u v tr li v thanh xun cho da, tinh du ang c coi nh mt liu php thn k cho phi p khi n spa. Tinh du l tn gi chung nhng hn hp gm nhiu cht hu c d bay hi (ch yu gm cc tecpen v tecpenoit) c tch ra t thc vt. L cht lng, khng tan trong nc, tan trong cc dung mi hu c. C tnh quang hot; trong khng kh, b oxi ho lm thay i mu v mi.H thc vt c tinh du gm khong 3 nghn loi, trong khong 150 - 200 loi c ngha cng nghip. Phng php ph bin tch tinh du t cy c l chng ct bng hi nc. Nu cc cht c trong tinh du b phn hu khi chng ct bng hi nc th ngi ta dng phng php chit bng dung mi hu c (vd. ete du ho, benzen, metilen clorua, vv.).

Tinh du ti, nc ti, dch ngm ti u c tc dng khng khun mnh ph rng, khng khun v c ch khun. Ti v tm c tc dng khng khun mnh hn ti v trng. Ti ch lm thuc u c tc dng i vi cc loi khun khng vi streptomycin, penicillin, chloromycetin, aureomycin. Ti cng c tc dng c ch nm vng su v nng ca c th, nng ca du ti c tc dng i vi nm l 1mcg/1ml.- Ti c tc dng chng ung th, c kh nng lm gim t l pht sinh ung th bao t.- Ti c tc dng chng amip v trng roi (trichomonas).- Ti c tc dng h lipid huyt, c ch cc mng x cng ng mch hnh thnh, tng hot tnh dung gii ca fibrin, c ch s lm tng ngng tp tiu cu ca ADP v Adrenalin, c tc dng h p.- Ti c tc dng lm tng chuyn dng lymph bo, nng cao kh nng min dch ca c th.- Ti cn c tc dng tt nh h ng huyt v ci thin tnh trng nhim c ch mn tnh.5. Nhng lp lun v c ch cha bnh ca tiCc nh nghin cu cho rng mi khi ung th u tri qua ba giai on pht trin, v giai on no chng cng b ti chng ph. Trong giai on u tin, hot ng ca oxy trong c th qua qu trnh oxy ha chuyn thc n thnh nng lng sn sinh ra cc gc t do (loi cht c hi) gy thng tn cc t bo khin n pht trin bt thng. Vic n ti hng ngy (v mt s rau qu giu cht chng oxy ha) c th v hiu ha cc gc t do. Cc cht chng oxy ha trong ti c kh nng tn cng khi u trc khi n c th nhen nhm. Vic b sung cc vitamin C, E, beta-caroten cng c tc dng nhng khng mnh bng ti v ch xanh (c tc dng mnh gp 10 ln). giai on th hai l giai on pht bnh, nhng t bo ung th s pht trin nhanh nu cc h thng min dch ban u b ph v. Lc ny ti s c tc dng ngn khng cho cc t bo ung th pht trin, tiu dit s pht trin ca nhng mch mu mi nui sng khi u.

Tinh du ti - Phn 1: Tng quan cy ti1. Tn khoa hcAlliun satium L.Tn khc: i ton (Trung Quc), Ail (Php), Garlic (Anh). B phn dng: Thn d ca cy ti (Bulbus Allii sativi).2. Ging ti- Ti a phng: ti gi, ti tru trng nhiu cc tnh min ni pha Bc. Cc tnh Duyn hi min Trung thng trng cc ging ti nhp ni c to cn gi l ti ty (Nhm Allium Porrum L.).- Ti trng: L xanh m to bn, c to, ng knh c 4 - 4,5 cm khi thu hoch v la c mu trng. Kh nng bo qun km hay b p.- Ti ta: l dy, cng, mu l xanh nht, c chc v cay hn ti trng. Dc thn gn c c mu ta. Khi thu hoch c mu trng ng. Mi c c 10-11 nhnh (tp), ng knh c 3,5- 4 cm. Ging ny c hng v c bit nn c trng nhiu hn ging ti trng.Nng sut ca 2 ging trn t trung bnh 5-8 tn c kh/Ha.Tnh v: Theo ng y, ti v cay, tnh n, hi c, vo hai kinh can v v3. M t cyTi l cy nh c c (thn d) trng lm gia v, khp ni trn th gii t rt xa xa, nhng th xy dng Kim t thp Gizeh Ai Cp n rt nhiu ti.4. Thu hi, ch bin, gingKhi ti gi, l bt u vng a, th thu hoch ct b phn l, gi li mt on thn, phi kh vi nng, ri kh trong bng rm l c.C thng phm thu hoch sau khi trng 125 - 130 ngy lc l gi, gn kh. Nh c, gi sch t b thnh chm, treo trn dy ch thong bo qun. Nu c nhiu vo kho, trn gin nhiu tng.C ging phi c thi gian sinh trng trn 140 ngy. Chn nhng c ng knh 3,5 - 4cm, c 10 - 12 nhnh, khng b bnh ring, b thnh b nh treo ni thong mt hoc trn gc bp.5. c im sinh l sinh thiXut x ca hnh ti ni chung cc nc Trung . Do vy ti a nhit mt v l cy chu lnh. Nhit cn thit cy sinh trng v pht trin l 18-20oC to c cn nhit 20-22oC. pH thch hp t 6 - 6,5. t thch hp l tht nh ti xp giu mn. m t ty vo giai on sinh trng, pht trin ca cy, cn mc 70-80% cho pht trin tgan l, 60% cho c ln. Thiu nc, cy pht trin km, c nh. Ngc li, nu tha nc cy s pht sinh bnh thi t, thi nhn, nh hng ti qu trnh bo qun c.Thi v:Ma v thch hp cho ti l: trng vo thng 9 - 10, thu hoch c vo thng 1 - 2.- ng bng Sng Hng: Trng 25/9-5/10. Thu hoch 30/1- 5/2.- Khu vc min Trung: Trng thng 9-10. Thu hoch thng 1-2.6. K thut trng6.1. Lm t, trng ct trng ti:chn t loi tht nh, ti xp, giu mn, chn vn, d thot nc. Sau khi gt xong la ma sm, lm t k v ln lung ngay trnh gp ma mun. pH thch hp 6,0-6,5. Ngun nc khng b nhim t cc khu cng nghip, bnh vin, khu ngha trang v phi xa ng quc l.t lm k, ln lung rng 1,2 - 1,5 m, rnh rng 0,3m. Sau khi ln lun, rch hng bn phn. Mi lung trng 5-6 hng, khong cch hng 20cm.Ti ging chn nhng nhnh t c chc, khi lng c 12-15 g, c 10-12 nhnh. Mi ha cn 1 tn ti ging (370kg/so). Khong cch trng mi nhnh 8-10 cm. Khi trng xong ph mt lp rm r bm ngn ln lung mt du 5cm giu m v hn ch c mc.6.2. Bn phnPhn hu c ch dng loi ngm . Khng c dng phn ti hoc nc phn ti ti cho cy. Lng phn b nh sau:Loi phnTng sBn ltBn thc

kg/sokg/sokg/sokg/sot 1t2t3t4

Phn chung20.00074020.000740----

m ure300111003,52,02,02,01,5

Ln supe50018,550018,5----

Kali sunphat2409803,01,51,51,51,5

6.3. Cch bn- Bn phn lt ng thi khi lm t- Bn thc: Bn phn m v phn kali cn li kt hp vi c t xi xo6.4. Chm scTi nc u n khi cy mc v khi c 3 - 4 l tht th ti nc vo rnh, nc thm ln dn.C thi gian sinh trng ti 4 - 5 ln. Trc mi ln ti rnh nn kt hp bn thc phn ha hc (s m v kali cn li).6.5. Phng tr su bnhCy ti thng b cc bnh sau y:-Bnh sng mai(Peronospora destructor Unger.)xut hin vo cui thng 11 dng lch, khi c nhit thp v m khng kh cao. Phng bnh tt nht l trc khi bnh xut hin phun nh k dung dch Boc 1% (1 kg phn xanh + 1 kg vi cc + 100 lt nc l) hoc Zineb 0,3%Ngoi ra, nhng ngy c sng nn ti ra sng cho cy hoc rc tro bp cng l bin php tt.-Bnh than en (Urocystis cepula Prost.).Bnh xut hin trn c, khi c sp thu hoch v c trong thi k bo qun. Cch ly nhng c b bnh. Dng Zineb 0,3% phun tr.7.Cac hoat cht trong ti- Tinh du: 0,1-0,36% . bao gm hp cht sunphua:+ Allicin: 2- propene -1 sufinothionic acid S 2 propenyl ester(C6H10S2)CTPTC6H10OS2

KLPT162.28 g/mol

Ttrng1.112 g/cm3

imchy