timetime, space, and development: an introduction to economic geography space timespace geography...
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Time, , Space, and , and Development:Development:
An Introduction to An Introduction to Economic GeographyEconomic Geography
Geography 1010BGeography 1010BTuesday/Tuesday/ThursdayThursday9-11 October 20079-11 October 2007
Ian MacLachlanIan MacLachlanhttp://people.uleth.ca/~maclachlan/
Questions? [email protected]? [email protected]
Review of Last WednesdayReview of Last Wednesday
Regional Economic StructureRegional Economic Structure Growth and Development: Case of Growth and Development: Case of
Coalhurst Coalhurst Economic SectorsEconomic Sectors
Structural Change, DevelopmentStructural Change, Development Global and national scaleGlobal and national scale
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Regional Economic Regional Economic Development TodayDevelopment Today
Generalize about Regional Economic Generalize about Regional Economic DevelopmentDevelopment Modernization TheoryModernization Theory Dependency TheoryDependency Theory
AgglomerationAgglomeration Global Assembly LineGlobal Assembly Line Global OfficeGlobal Office
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Theorizing about Economic Theorizing about Economic DevelopmentDevelopment
Shift from empirical Shift from empirical representations…representations…
to theoretical generalizationsto theoretical generalizations
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Stages of Economic DevelopmentStages of Economic Development
Walter W. Rostow’s EconomicDevelopment Model
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Modernization TheoryModernization Theory
Myth of developmentalismMyth of developmentalism Inevitability of progressInevitability of progress
Exploitation was integral to stagesExploitation was integral to stages
Competition in a crowded fieldCompetition in a crowded field Barriers to growth & developmentBarriers to growth & development
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Dependency TheoryDependency Theory
Marxist theory originating in Latin Marxist theory originating in Latin AmericaAmerica
Core and periphery conceptCore and periphery concept Development of core comes at expense Development of core comes at expense
of peripheryof periphery Colonialism and exploitation by imperial Colonialism and exploitation by imperial
powerspowers Neocolonialism and exploitation by TNCsNeocolonialism and exploitation by TNCs
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Dependency TheoryDependency Theory
Underdevelopment is an active processUnderdevelopment is an active process Underdevelopment ‘develops’Underdevelopment ‘develops’
Uneven exchange of low value resources Uneven exchange of low value resources for high valued manufacturesfor high valued manufactures
Wealth and development of the global Wealth and development of the global core is a product of the poverty and core is a product of the poverty and underdevelopment of the periphery underdevelopment of the periphery
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Regional Economic Regional Economic DevelopmentDevelopment
Structure and growthStructure and growth Classification, structural change and Classification, structural change and
economic developmenteconomic development Scales of analysisScales of analysis
CoalhurstCoalhurst CanadaCanada The WorldThe World
Tools for thought!Tools for thought!
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EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE: PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION
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CATTLE BUTCHERS
Packinghouse aristocrats
Semiskilled difficult
Hazards Injuries
Knifework bravado
Status stigma
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80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
Perc
ent
of
manufa
ctu
ring a
vera
ge w
age
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
MEATPACKING WAGES AS A PCT. OF MANUFACTURING
Comparatively well paid!
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EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE: PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION
Market orientationBeveragesPerishablesNewspapers (printing)
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EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE: PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION
Raw material orientation Resource processing Grain/oilseed millsMeat packing Mineral ore concentrators
Forest products
Natural Valley Farms, Neudorf, Saskatchewan
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EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE: PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION
External economies Agglomeration effects
Linkages: up and down
Localization economies Shared access to specialty inputs e.g. labour
Infrastructure (fixed social capital) Infrastructure Social capital
Urbanization economies
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GLOBAL ASSEMBLY LINE
Transnational firm Nineteenth century Teck-Cominco, Alcan (Rio-Tinto, 2007) MacMillan-Bloedel (Weyerhaeuser, 1999) Magna, Bombardier – mfg.
Market access – tariff factories Global sourcing
Intrafirm trade: 75% of US imports by 1970
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GLOBAL ASSEMBLY LINE
World products, global scale Export processing zones Dependent on trade
Local products Cement blocks Newspapers Food service
Global homogenization of preferences? 100 mile diet?
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Source: Boeing Everett, WA, largest building in the world 18
GLOBAL OFFICE
Banking, finance, business services Back office functions
suburbanization Offshoring of back offices Call centres
Technical support Ireland, India, Moncton, Lethbridge
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CONCLUSION
Economic activity shapes regions Global trends Regions constrain economic functions Economic geography:
How people earn their livings How livelihood systems vary by region How economic activities are interconnected in space
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