timeline to war. territorial expansion and delaying the inevitable 1803 louisiana purchase mexican...
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Timeline to Timeline to War War
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Territorial Expansion and delaying the inevitable
• 1803 Louisiana Purchase • Mexican Cession after Mexican War
- both led to debate over will the new states be “free” or “slave”
• Founding Fathers wanted a stronger Union in 1787 so they created an uneasy compromise over slavery
- it couldn’t last forever
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• Missouri reached pop. for statehood• Senate had = slave and
free states• Missouri would be slave
tipping the balance• Henry Clay compromise• Maine created from
Mass. as a free state• Missouri as a slave
state• slavery will not be
permitted north of Missouri’s southern border – 36 30
Henry Clay
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1820 Missouri Compromise
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William Lloyd Garrison
• 1831• revived the anti-
slavery movement through the Liberator
• set up the American Anti-Slavery Society
• faced much Northern opposition
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Nat Turner Rebellion
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• 1831• 60 whites killed• Virginia• revolt led by Nat Turner
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The Gag Rule
• passed by Congress in 1836• agreed not to discuss slavery
- tabled petitions sent by the public• lasted until 1844
- repealed after much campaigning by JQ Adams
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Frederick Douglass
• 1845 Autobiography published
• Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave
• raises awareness of horrors of slavery
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Mexican WarTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• 1846 War Begins• Treaty signed 1848
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Wilmot Proviso
• 1846• proposed making land acquired in
Mexican Cession closed to slavery• made it through House twice- never
made it through the Senate
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Compromise of 1850• Zachary Taylor is
Pres. • Compromise by
Henry Clay1. CA. is a free state2. abolished slave
trade in DC3. popular sovereignty
in the newly acquired territories of Mex. Cession
4. strengthened national fugitive slave law
Old and feeble, Henry Clay presents his 1850 compromise to the Senate,
Future President Millard Fillmore (presiding), John C. Calhoun (right of Fillmore), and Daniel Webster (head in hand) listen intently. Drawing by
Peter Rothermel
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In an interest of “peace, concord and harmony,” he called for an end to “passion- passion, party,
party– and intemperance.” Otherwise, continued sectional
bickering would lead to a “furious, bloody, implacable,
exterminating” civil war. Henry Clay
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“I have, Senators, believed from the first that the agitation of the subject
of slavery would, if not prevented from some untimely and effective
measure, end in disunion.”John C. Calhoun
Believes the South needs1. equality in the territories2. return of fugitive slaves3. guaranteed equilibrium between N&S
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“I wish to speak today, not as a Massachusetts man, not
as a Northern man, but as an American…I speak today for the preservation of the
Union. Hear me for my cause.”
Daniel Webster
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First proposed by Clay in January- not passed until September
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Neither side was truly happy
stage is set for a showdown between
sections
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This diagram, explained by a note written by Henry I. Bowditch, shows the arrangement of members of the Boston Anti-Man-Hunting League as they would surround a slave or man-hunter, and concealing him until he consented to release the slave. The League was a secret society founded in Boston in 1854 to resist the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. The diagram, in pencil and watercolor on brown paper, places the slave hunter in the center (SH), surrounded by the speaker of the committee (S), a member to take hold of the hunter's head (C), two members to take hold of the arms (A1 and A2) and two for the feet (F1 and F2), and twelve additional members to form an outer circle to ward off intruders while the committee conveyed the slave to safety. Bowditch's note continues, "One plagued in this way would not invite others to come & run the same risk of annoyance."
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin• 1851-2• Written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe• raised awareness of
horrors of slavery• “so you’re the little
woman who wrote the book that made this war” - Lincoln
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Franklin PierceDemocrat elected to President
1852• doughface- N. w/ S.
sympathies• defeats Whig
candidate Winfield Scott in a landslide
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Fugitive Slave Law• led to armed slave-catchers
on the streets in the N. • worked w/ support of federal
government• 1854 Pres. Pierce spent over
$100,000 and brought in troops to return Anthony Burns to Va.
• “We went to bed one night old fashioned, conservative, Compromise Union Whigs and waked up stark mad Abolitionists” – Amos Lawrence textile magnate
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•Boston reacts in protest to the recapture of Burns
•before Comp. of 1850 -9 states had personal liberty laws refusing to cooperate
•storm jail, a sheriff is killed
•beaten back
•Pierce send in the troops
•Burns is sent back to VA
Runaway Burns
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Gadsden Purchase• 1853• Sec. of War
Jefferson Davis instigates
• $10 million• Buy land from
Mexico• Transcontinent
al RR
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Ostend Manifesto
• 1854• strongly suggested that the United
States should take Cuba by force if Spain refused to sell
• Southerners-fear independent black Republic in Cuba – approve
• vigorously denounced by the free-soil press as a plot to extend slavery
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Kansas-Nebraska Act• 1854• proposed by Stephen
Douglas- Illinois Senator• wanted the Trans-
continental RR to go through his home stateIllinois
• wants 2 new western territories
• each territory gets to choose if they want slavery = popular sovereignty
• Anti-slavery Northerners angry believing it was a revocation of the Missouri Comp.
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Republican Party Formed
• 1854• Whig party fails• reorganize as Republicans• dedicated to preventing the spread
of slavery in the west• not powerful enough to gain
presidency in 1856• gains ground
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Bleeding KansasPottawatomie Massacre
• 1856• pro and anti
slavery factions launch guerilla warfare (mini-civil war)
• want to control the vote over slavery
• pro sacks town of Lawrence- an anti stronghold
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• anti responds with massacre of pro forces at Pottawatomie Creek
• led by John Brown• hacked the men to
death
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Brooks v. Sumner• May 1856• S.C. Rep. Preston Brooks attacks Mass. Senator
Charles Sumner for delivering a speech slandering Brooks’s uncle
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James BuchananDemocrat elected President
1856• defeats
republican candidate John C. Freemont
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Dred Scott Decision
• 1857• Dred Scott sues for
freedom on the basis he lived in a free territory for a time
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• chief justice Roger Taney
• ruled against Scott1. slaves are not citizens
and cannot sue2. Congress has no
authority to declare slavery illegal in the territories
3. AF. Am. have “no rights which a white man is bound to respect”
• implies individual states cannot ban slavery
• S. rejoiced believing states or Congress could not ban slavery
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Northerners fear slaveholding interests are
slowly eroding the liberties even of free
white men
Now they must accept Slavery throughout the
Nation
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Lincoln Douglas Debates
• 1858• Senate Race in
Illinois• Lincoln v. Stephen
Douglas• Lincoln wins
debate but loses Senate race
• places Lincoln in the national eye!
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Lincoln wants to stop the spread of slavery not
stop slavery
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We “cannot endure permanently half slave,
half free- (we) will become all one thing or
all the other”Abraham Lincoln
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John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry
• 1859• financed by wealthy
abolitionists• leads small band of
blacks and whites• attack federal armory• idea = seize
weapons, distribute among slaves, slave revolt will destroy slavery throughout the S.
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• no slaves come!• alerted early
militia besieges Brown and his men
• company of fed. marines under Colonel Robert E. Lee captures Brown
• quickly found guilty
• sent to gallows Dec. 2
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“ the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but
with blood”John Brown
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Reaction to John Brown
• anti-slavery portray Brown as a martyr to the cause of freedom
• pro-slavery upset over idea of N. helping slave revolt and N. Reaction
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Abraham LincolnRepublican elected President
• 1860• reflects unsettled state of
Union• Stephen Douglas N.
Democrat• John C. Breckinridge S. Dem• Abraham Lincoln Republican• John Bell constitutional
unionist ( remnants of S. Whigs)
• Lincoln pledges to leave slavery where it was
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•election Nov. 6, 1860
•Lincoln does not appear on the ballot in 9 states
•40% pop vote
•majority of electoral votes
•does not carry one single S. state
•travels in disguise through Maryland to avoid getting shot
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