time travel and teleportation

8/2/2019 Time Travel and Teleportation

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Time travel and teleportation

2.Twin paradox & Time dilationThe principle of time machine is very well explained by some very famous paradoxes postulated and originated

from Einsteins special theory of relativity.

2.1 Story on space travelLet us illustrate with a hypothetical experiment. Imagine two persons Rohit and Vineeth who are twins born at

the same date, same time and grown upto 25 years and look exactly identical. Both of them have planned a space

travel. And have designed a spacecraft such that the craft can achieve a maximum velocity v c. Due to someproblem Vineeth fails to join the plan but Rohit makes it and goes in the spacecraft with the initial velocity of v c. Time of departure as recorded by Vineeth after both of their date of birth is 25 years, 5months and 16 days.Rohit decides to go to Alpha century, the nearest star to the Earth, which is four light years away from us. As

Vineeth knew about the plan, he expected Rohit after eight years. Vineeth was exactly correct, Rohit returned

home after eight years. But when both of them met they were surprised, confused and shocked.

Vineeth: You still look young and good.

Rohit: What happened to your skin?

Vineeth: You dont look like a 33 year old man.

Rohit: Shut up, I am just 27.

Vineeth: How is that possible?

Rohit: It took me one year to reach the star and one year to return back.Vineeth: Its amazing. How can it happen?

This unusual situation happened because, one moved in the craft at v c, and had his clock slowed down, as perthe definition of Atomic clock, which they both did not know.

This is what is a part of relativity and relative frames. According to Vineeth, Rohit has gone to his past and is still

young, enjoying his bachelorhood and still ameutar by attitude. But according to Rohit, the world has gone intothe future he is left behind, it takes him hard to believe that his brother Vineeth is married and has a daughter who

is six years old.

This does not happen only in such hypothetical situation, but also in our day-to-day life. But such change infraction of time according to our observation is negligible, and hence never determined before Einstein. But this

change in time, shows its real picture when anything travel at a velocity (v) where v c and these are dynamicsof large velocities.

Twin Paradox can be presented in the mathematical form called as Equation of Time Dilation.

Vineeth [email protected]

Abhishek Sharma


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2.2 Moving clocks ( Time Dilation ) -----------------------------------------------------

Consider another hypothetical experiment. Take a rod length L as measured by an observer fixed with the rod and

suppose that there are two mirrors fixed at the ends. Suppose a light pulse is reflected back and forth by the

mirrors. Let us find the time interval between successive reflections from the mirror M1. Let us call the firstreflection event E1 and the next reflection event E2.

Figure shows the situation from a frame S in which the mirrors are at rest. The rod connecting the mirrors is notshown for clarity. The light pulse travels a distance 2L between successive reflections from M1. As the speed of

light is c, the time elapsed between these reflections is t=2L/c.


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Now consider another frame S moving with respect to the frame S with a speed v towards the left. From thisframe, the rod and the mirrors are moving towards the right with a velocity v. The mirror M1 at the time of the

second reflection is at a place different from where it was at the time of the first reflection. If the time of interval

between these reflections is t, the simple geometry of the figure shows that light pulse travels a distancebetween these reflections.

2{ L2+(vt/2)2}1/2Note that the length of the rod is unaltered as it moves in a direction perpendicular to its length. As the speed of

light is c, the time interval between the successive reflections from M1, is

t = 2/c{ L2+(vt/2)2}1/2(ct/2)2 = L2+(vt/2)2(c2v2)(t/2)2 = L2


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t = (2L/c) /{ 1(v/c)2}1/2 t = t/{ 1(v/c)2}1/2 = t Where = 1/ 1(v/c)1/2

Note that is greater than 1. The time interval between the occurrences of the same two events is different asmeasured from different frames. In frame S, both E1 and E2 occur at the same place. The time interval measured

from such a frame where the two events occur at the same place is called improper time interval. Here t is properand t is improper time interval.

According to the equation The proper time interval between the Occurences Of two events is smaller thanimproper time interval by the factor .

This phenomena is called time dilation.

Using the principle of time dilation the time machine is constructed. We need to learn a similar phenomena

happening in atomic clocks, which is equally important for the construction of time machine, we see that in the

next article.


Abhishek Sharma


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3. ATOMIC CLOCKS

Atomic clocks are those clocks on which the whole time measurement depends. It always gives you a right time.

Certain natural movements are defined. So considering the movements of some sub-atomic particles the atomic

clock was constructed.

Muons are those subatomic particles, which are usually emitted by radioactive elements, and these particles are

highly unstable. Their lifetimes are very short about 2.2s, after which a single muon decays. So time taken forthe decay of 45 X 10^8 muons are defined to the period of1 second. Using a cesium isotope the atomic clock

was made. But due to carrying this clock in some moving state, the observations made were found to make a time

delay, as the decay of less number of muons was observed.

N T{ N= No of muons emitted;

T= time taken for its emission}

One test of atomic clock was done by Richard Keating in 1977, putting four portable atomic clocks twice aroundthe earth on commercial airlines, one in each direction. The results found was time dilated on the moving atomic

clocks, and this situation went in favor of Einsteins special theory of relativity.

Thegeneral theory of relativity, which also predicts that the rate at which time passes on a clock is also

influenced by the gravitational acceleration on the clock, and also plays a role in the experiment.

The dilation in time measurement is not only applicable in atomic clock, which depends on dilation of the lifetime

of the sub-atomic particles, but also implies on any living being, experiencing dilation in growth, reproduction etc,

as it delays all regular internal activities. For e.g. flow of blood circulation.

The principle of atomic clocks gives us a conformation that a Time machine can exist. This shows that due to time

dilation one of the two relative observers goes in past and the other one in future. Next topic deals on technicaltime machine, where you can practically experience the stuff.


Abhishek Sharma


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4.TECHNICAL TIME MACHINE

This is a brief introduction to a practical time machine, which could be involved with good engineering stuff. We

need to spend a lot in making some exceptional materials required for its construction. This machine can take theperson sitting in the machine stay back in time. Time dilation would happen, but the most important feature of this

machine is that you can travel at the velocity of light.

4.1 The apparatus and working

The apparatus you need is a D.C motor rating 20,000 rpm, a thin rigid rod of low weight and extremely highYoungs modulus (made as long at 140Km in length), a cage made up of low Youngs modulus, and a

sophisticated atomic clock.

The D.C motor in use should have a shaft of around 0.25m in radius. This rod of high Youngs modulus should be

rigidly fixed to the D.C shaft in the direction perpendicular to the direction of shaft relative to the motor. Thebending of rod due to weight is negligible as when the system rotates, the rod will straightened out. Rigidity is

very important for the rod as to minimize the change in dimensions.

The flexible cage is made for the reason that when the mass inside it moves at such a high velocity, the mass

inside undergoes the series of energy emitting packets, by alternate expansion and contraction of mass. The

expansion in length and increase in mass is given by equations.

L = Lo/{1-(v/c)2}1/2. { L and M are increased length and mass}

M = Mo/ {1-(v/c)2}1/2

For energy calculations, we will consider only the mass.

Before approaching the velocity of light, in later stages the contraction dominates over expansion, as ultimately ithas to travel with the size of photon. These are the series of energy emission packets before becoming a photon,

by emitting electromagnetic radiation.


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Initially 1st energy packet is given like this

E(1)=Mo(1-1-(v/c)^2)/1-(v/c)^2)c^2This is the initial and largest energy packet

E(2)=Mo(1-1-(v/c)^2)/1-(v/c)^2)c^2 -hE(3)=Mo(1-1-(v/c)^2)/1-(v/c)^2)c^2 -2hSo E(n)=Mo(1-1-(v/c)^2)/1-(v/c)^2)c^2 (n-1)h

At this stage energy emission stops, but the total energy emitted is given as

E(t)=E(1)+E(2)+E(3)+..+E(n-1).

{Mo= rest mass of the matter moving at velocity v;

v= initial velocity when matter distortion starts}; h=planks constant;

= Frequency of light energy emitted due to distortion of matter}.So, cage is the most important part of the machine as, the machine should return back the lost energy by the matterduring this process, without any alteration. As this photon has to again come to its original state of mass and

dimensions, when the system comes at rest.

Back to the technical part. As the rating of the motor is 20,000 rpm, the angular velocity calculated is 2093.33rad/sec. The instantaneous centre of rotation or point of zero velocity is at the centre of the shaft. As we have

made a motor whose thickness of the shaft is 0.25m. The velocity of the shaft is 523m/s{ 2093.33 X 0.25 }.

So, similarly the velocity at the end of the rigid rod 140 km long will be

V= I { I = distance between center of rotation and end of rod; = Angular velocity of the shaft.}So,

V = 140 X 10^3 X 2093.33


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V= 2.93 x 10^8 m/s.

And V is almost equal to c.

The top view of the machine gives you a right idea

4.2 Specifications of time machine

Velocity required = 2.93 x 10^8m/sMaximum velocity = cThe total distance traveled in a single rotation is 2X 3.14X140 X 1000= 87,9200m.

The time taken to cover this distance is = 879200/ 2.93 X 10^8 = 300068.25 X 10^-8 = 3000s. {According to astationary clock} = To

So time dilated in 1 rotation is given by T= To/{1-(v/c)2}1/2.

So T= 0.015174 seconds

Increase in time is 0.015174 0.003 = 0.012174 = 12174s.Suppose experimenting with a rat and atomic clock, the growth of rat will delay by 12174s.Hence the rat has gone 12174s in past due to a single rotation in time machine(=10 ^ -6).


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But ultimately what the most amazing fact of this machine is it dilates your time measure, slows you down.

You dont go in past, but equivalently you go in future, because your rotations brings you back again at the

initial position, showing you the advanced clocks, advance in growth and advancement in every aspect.

.

5. TELEPORTATION

This simple idea can give you a confirmation to think about making a teleportation machine. Just answer the

simple question.

Can you see light?

If yes the idea fails. But the answer is no. Light cannot be seen cause what we see is light in its sources. Which areprimary and secondary sources of light. Primary is that source where light originates, by conversion of some other

energy forms into light energy. Reflection of light on any surface makes the surface visible to us, and this surfacebecomes a derived source of light. That is what makes us everything visible. Think about a torchlight reflecting a

mirror and the reflected ray of light passes to infinity in space. This ray of light is invisible.

Till todays date, messages are teleported in form of light. This is what mobile communication

means, by conversion of electronic energy (message) to light energy.

What about teleporting a man? First he should be ready to sit in a technical time machine.

Teleportation is a slight alteration in the technical time machine. What we have to change is to convert the in-

extensible rigid rod in extensible rigid rod (just imagine, as such a rod is not possible, it goes against the laws ofmechanics). If this can happen then teleportation of man is possible. To change the D.C motor rating to variableRPM. This can be done by varying the armature voltage of field current.

As we are on the planet earth, start with teleporting at any place on it. Fix this machine, at the center of

North Pole. My machine has a small disadvantage. Our planet is spherical, due to its curvature, its difficult

getting down from the machine to the place you desire. My machine will make you move at the speed of light andmake you invisible, and the place you want to go will always lie on the circular trajectory formed by the end point

of the extensible rod fixed to the variable rpm motors shaft. Then if your destination is somewhere on it, you are

taken at the point just above it, and then if you jump you may die. Even if you jump, you wont reach the exactdestination (but somewhere near it).

So what we can do is, we need to discover the length from the center of north pole where the radius of

curvature of earth is negligible, no worry that could be easily a range of approx 500km or let it be a variable R,where R is the radii of curvature of earth to be negligible= length of extensible rigid rod.

Suppose if R= 990km then the rod should take any value between 1m to 990km, varying it as a continuous

function and not discrete.

Look at a diagram of the teleportation machine given in the next page.


Abhishek Sharma


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The squeamish patches are represented as different destinations under the plane of machines coverage(Range).

L = the distance the man will be teleported (represented by dotted curve). = Angle between perpendicular distance of line joining the point of destination and shaft (in diag repsby dash lines).

r = length of the extensible rigid rod (represented by thick line.

And r should be known through mapping, of for we can fix a 360 degrees protractor with directions on it,which can help us calculating . { Is in radians} When r and are known, L is simply calculated by formulae L = r. .As the D.C motor is given a variable rating, decrease in length of rod should bring increase in speed of shaft =c/r , where r is a variable.

So T gives time taken for teleportation.

Where T= L/c + t . { c = speed of light in air.


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t = time taken for man to come from the position ofShaft to end of the rod.}

t is very small as the mechanism of varying the length of rod is done by release in tension given to the rod to

bring from 0.001km to r km. So t can be approx equal to L/c.

So, T = 2L/c . {As L


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This mathematical condition is expressed as follows:

dc/dt = at = tangential acceleration.

C2/R = an = Normal velocity.

The total acceleration is the resultant of the vector addition of at &an.

AR = at 2 + an2.

AR =c4/R2 + (dc/dt)2When dc/dt is given the value of1m/s2, then

AR= c4/R2 + 1 = c4 + R2 / R2So

AR>> at

& AR> an.

The resultant acceleration ARproduces an hypothetical particle called tachyon, where velocity of tachyon

(D) is

D = AR T . { T= time of count after the release of tachyon }ThenD = c4 + R2/ R2 T,

This particle is out of the system accelerating. As T increases D goes high such that

D>>>c.

From the above expression we can conclude that, velocity of tachyon is higher than velocity of light.


Abhishek Sharma


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2.2 Matter waves We know that light traverses any medium with bunch of photons vibrating at very less amplitudes and high

frequency. The photons spin during vibration making it produce an electric and magnetic fields,

making it produce electromagnetic waves. Due to extremely less amplitude, the property of a particle in

a wave recognized. This is the cause of the duality of light possessing wave as well as particle functions, and

this function is related to each other.

Let U be the wave velocity of the matter wave, then U = . -----------------------( 1 ) Is the wavelength of the matter wave, Is the frequency of the matter wave.As per De Broglies wavelength

= h/mv ----------------------------------------------( 2 )According to the photon analogy,

E = h. {E is the energy of the photon} -------------------------( 3 )According to mass- energy relationship.

E = m c 2. ------------------------------ ( 4 )So, = m c 2/ h .Putting this in eqn 1, we get U = c 2/v

The above equation shows that one of the either matter particle or the matter wave travels more than the

velocity of light.

Using mathematics we proved that something could travel more than speed of light. So if we make a machine than

can trap the reflected light from any surface, and to get it seen again without changing its form, such asimprovised spectrographs. We can use the above principles for traveling more than c. Then is we follow the raysreflected from earth into space, and we can follow them, get their images captured and see them in a live form, in

series of small discrete energy levels which almost become continuous.


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But there is a problem in finding the probability of finding a particular reflected ray of light in space, and finding

out direction in which we have to travel. Their any infinite chances of these rays to strike another planet, trapped

by the black hole, interfered by other light rays, getting diffracted over any obstacle.

By chance some rays of light get trapped inside a black hole, we would definitely get back the information

without alteration. But anyone in this mission wont be existing, till we wait for the information we will get backin form of a supernova explosion.

The next topic deals with getting the information through a supernova explosion.

7. SUPERNOVA REWINDINGMILLIONS

7.1 The cause of supernova explosionThe imbalance due to energy content inside the even horizon of the black hole causes a huge explosion. And now,

all the information tracked in form of light energy is released in free form. As this explosion is in random, the

probability of finding the exact positioning of the information retaination is less. Though some or the otherinformation will be always found.

The total energy emitted in the explosion, is the summation of all energy forms ,trapped in with no alterations,those equation stated in last chapter and the energy due to explosion of black hole which is given by Einsteinsmass-energy relationship,

E = mc2, where m is the Mass of the black hole.

E = (2.19 x 1030) x (9 x 1016) E = 1.971 x 1044 JoulesThis energy and the energy trapped is total energy emitted in supernova explosion.

This explosion happens after1072 years after formation of black holes.

The supernova explosions main moto is to convert the whole black holes mass into energy. But this energyshoots up with extremely high entropy, which can cause too much disturbances in gaining the pure form of

energy trapped in the black hole earlier in the form of light.


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So, this becomes a probability function of getting a desired ray of light in a particular direction. When external

matter gulped by black hole stores the energy in form of light, the same light energy explodes out withoutalteration, in the 3-dimensional space. This is how we can define a probability of finding a ray of light in a

particular direction.

We know a ray of light is composed of bunch of photons vibrating in vacuum or medium of defined frequency

and wavelength.

As these are bunch of subatomic particles, the probability of getting it can be defined by Heisenbergs Uncertainty

Principle of finding a line of photons in space.

x . Px h / 2y . Py h / 2z . Pz h / 2x, y, z represent positions in 3-dimensional space from a frame of reference as origin, where at origin P(x,y,z,) =(0,0,0). The choice of origin has to done through mapping. And should predict the direction where the ray of light

must have entered the black hole and the probable direction from where the ray is out during explosion.

Px, Py & Pz represent the relativistic momentum of rays of light in x, y & z directions.

Px, Py & Pz are the uncertainty in momentum of light rays where,

Px = kx Px Py = ky Py Pz = kz Pzkx, ky & kz are constants defined by uncertainty percentage x 100.

In an explosion, the propagation of light is not in vacuum, but in a medium of explosive gases whose refractiveindexes could be calculated.

Let the R.I. of that medium be variable in 3 different dimensions as x, y, z, where {x, y, z < 1}

Velocity of light emerging from explosion is:

Vx = x . cVy = y . cVz = z . cx, y, z are the mean of the emitted explosives in the space.

Px = mo Vx / (1 (Vx / c)2)1/2 = mox c / (1 - x2)1/2


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Py = mo Vy / (1 (Vy / c)2)1/2 = moy c / (1 - y2) 1/2

Pz = mo Vz / (1 (Vz / c)2)1/2 = moz c / (1 - z2) 1/2

kx, ky & kz depends on factors like probability of percentage of light to be deflected, interfered, suppressed or

diffracted due to obstacles, all factors contribute different variables.

Px = kx Px = kx mox c / (1 - x2)1/2 Py = ky Py = ky moy c / (1 - y2) 1/2 Pz = kz Pz = kz moz c / (1 - z2) 1/2 x (h (1 - x2)1/2) / (2 kx mox c)y (h (1 - y2)1/2) / (2 ky moy c)z (h (1 - z2)1/2) / (2 kz moz c)The values ofz, y, z gives you the probable positioning of the ray of light emerging through explosion.

7.2 Tracking live imagesHence, by using a technical devices like improvised spectrographs we can get the light images on the screen of

this device, which were stored in the black holes. These are past images, where you can see it live on the screen.

One advantage of using this technique of time travel is you see live images of thing happened millions of years in

past. Imagine the ray of light reflected from earth has trapped inside a black hole, consider the light 10,000 yearsold. You could track images of an ape man and the way he used to live. The story of ape man has just been a

theory, but no strong evidence of his lifestyle has yet confirmed.


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Shells of expanding gas due to Super Nova Explosion in 1987, which spread throughout the galaxy.

8. Riding the brain waves

Our state of mind in daily lives is associated with different brain wave patterns. The best evidence we have of thebiochemical brain wave- activity is the variety of matter wave impulses we can monitor and measure.Our brain

functional capacity from time to time varies due to variation in four different brain wave patterns. They are ,,

and waves.

1) Beta waves are associated with normal state of mind, more concerned in functioning of brain while

undergoing different physical activities.


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2) Theta and delta waves are associated with out sleeping or deep meditation state, where brain function

inversely or delays functioning.

3) Alpha waves do function when we are fully awake but in a very relaxed state (alert meditation). The

pathways between various parts of brain are clearest, and have a greatest and fast access to any area.

The amazing fact that we never noticed, until the discussion of the whole topic is, these are the only brain waves

who let you think about going in past and in future. Why cant we think about using these waves which can

accelerate our time travel.

As mentioned about the alpha waves, when you sit in the most relaxed state. You just try to remember your visit

to London 10 years ago, and you are driven in that state as you are in mood, such that you are in London enjoying

that day again, and you have easily accessed that day traveling 10 yrs back, and a long distance from Mumbai toLondon. Though that day lasted in 24 hours, you are back out of this state within an hour. This is in accordance

with time dilation.

As shown in the last article, that matter waves travel faster than light, its worth calling alpha brain waves as acomplex kind of a matter wave. This could be simply contradicted by saying, distance between your point of

thinking cell to the long term memory cell is so short that, traveling with speed of light, fetches that cell withinfractions of second.

But what about finding a particular brain cell among millions of cells consisting memory images (time taken for

it).

This proves the existence of matter waves and shows that these waves can travel more than the speed oflight.

Though gaining more information regarding this field has become a complex field of research, constructing a time

machine using this theory has still a long-long time to go.

8. Consequences of time travel( conclusion)

1) As far we have seen the machines making you play with time, is most harmful cause

You actually dont play with time but you play with your life.


Abhishek Sharma


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2) These machines slow you down in measuring time, but not actually go in past and again come back to the

original time frame. Once you slow down you can never go fast using the inverse time machine to take you in

future, it actually gives you an idea and shows you the probability of what things may happen in your future

3) No idea on time has been postulated to run faster than time, if it is, its not on planet earth, and it could be on a

planet whose resultant of rotational and revolutionary velocity is less than earths. And this frame is completelydiscrete.

4) Time dilation is intensively observed in frames whose velocity tends equivalent to the speed of light, but asalready explained in technical time machine, the energy emitted due to the distortion of matter, no suitable

mechanism is yet discovered which can retain the lost energy( electromagnetic radiation) to the matter when that

matter comes at rest. This can make anyone in existent.

5) The alternative time machine has talked about hypothetical particles moving more than c. Its real existence has

not yet found, and if that really exists then both the general and special theory of relativity would go in dustbin.

6) Talked about traveling towards supernova, which are too many light years away. Modern technology hasntdeveloped so much that; a machine could be made to travel for such a long time. Even if man travels for such a

long time, the time dilation would be infinitely long, which would hardly alter his age and growth. Doesnt matterbut if the mission is complete and returns back home, his generations would have passed by, and he himself

completely lost back in time.

7) Riding the brain wave would really help us out, but now its out of imagination. Hope it could be possible, but

still we have a long time to go.

Hence from the above consequences we come to a conclusion, whatever happens around is relativity, e.g relativemotion. Its all from our point of views, nothing is wrong, nothing is right. Same is with time depending on the

reference frame you look. Something can remain back or lost in time from our frame, but cant go back and feel

the same or try to rectify. Time is valuable, once lost cant retain back, and the future is in your hand to make ithappen and be successful, you cant make short cuts for their achievements.


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time travel and teleportation

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