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T W E N T Y C E N T S O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

THE ;W E E K LY N E W S M A G A Z I N E

$ 6 . 0 0 A Y E A R » . U . S . P A T . O F F . )

PROCTER & GAMBLE'S McELROY

He Duz the d i shes w i th a T ide o f Joy .



T H E L U R L I N E S A I L S F R O M S A N F R A N C I S C O A N D L O S A N G E L E S A L T E R N A T E L Y

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Come on along and join a lovely, lazy cruise . . . toHawaii and home again on the LURLINE! Come see thesweep of sky and sea caressed by southern trade winds.Come roam the ship from stem to stern . . . you'll findfriends and fun and beauty everywhere. For Hawaii'smagic sparkles on Hawaii's own LURLINE: friendshipsquickly flower ... and ship games, parties, movies, dancing--all have the carefree joy of the Islands. This brightthread of Hawaii woven through your voyage . . . andthe matchless food, the thoughtful service, the comfortof your accommodations . . . result from Matson experience gathered over more than half a centuryon the Pacific. And it's all yours -- to be twiceenjoyed -- on your round-trip fare!



RESEARCH KEEPSFIRST IN RUBBER

Rubber moves jawsthat chew rocks by the ton

A typical example of B. F. Goodrich improvement in rubber

that i t 's endless-- no splices or overlaps. The grommets make it a flexiblebel t but one tha t s tands shocks andheavy loads far better than ordinarybelts. No other kind of belt has grommets ; no other be l t s tands so muchpunishment or lasts so long.

After the B. F. Goodrich GrommetV belts were installed, i t was foundthey lasted 200% longer than the beltsused before -- important money wassaved, and time formerly needed forrep lacement could now be used inprofitable production.

This performance is typical, not an

unusual case at all . I t 's the result of

a policy at B. F. Goodrich -- the policyof constant product improvement, of

neve r cons ide r ing a produc t "goodenough". I f you use rubber be l t ing,hose or other industrial rubber goods,it will pay you to check with your BFGdis tr ibutor before you buy to see i fyou, too, can save money because ofB. F. Goodrich research. Or write TheB. F. Goodrich Company, Dept. M-96,Akron 18, Ohio.

INSIDE that mass of metal are bigjaws that chomp like human teeth.

But i t ' s rocks they bi te and gr ind--2000 tons a day-- for building concreteroads! The jaws are powered by rubberbe l t s and eve ry t ime they gr ip andgr ind a new batch of rock, you canimagine the jerking jar that hits thosebel ts . They were be ing broken andtorn to shreds in days.

Looking for ways to save, the contractor tried a kind of belt new to him-- Grommet V belts -- developed andmade only by B. F. Goodrich. A grom-met is a cord loop inside the belt. It ismade like a giant twisted cable except

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

B.E GoodrichINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

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T I M EOctober 5, 1953

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Beaut i fu l , Unusual , Usefu l G i f ts Mai led From Al lOver The World For Only $2?5 each -POSTPAID, DUTY FREE

You can make this Christmasunforgettable for friends and fami ly with Memberships in theAround * the - World ShoppersClub! Christmas can come 3, 6,even 12 times during the comingyear to the lucky people on your

list-- and at a price so low you can afford to givemany more gifts than you thought possible.

Just imagine the excitement of your friendsas they begin receiving mysterious packagesfrom abroad, with colorful stamps and exotic

postmarks-- all sent in your name! Each giftexquisitely made, charmingly different and inperfect taste . . . representing the many fascinating cultures of the world.

Surprise Gifts Sent Each MonthFrom Distant Lands

One month your recipient mayreceive a rare example of Florentine sculpture or a beautiful silkIndian sari; other months maybring an old-world woodcarvingBlack Forest, a piece "of precious Belgian glassware or a chic product of La Belle France. Enclosed with each package will be a colorfulillustrated brochure describing the origin andsignificance of the article-- adding even moreglamour to each gift!

from

ceives a handsome card announcing his Membership, and soonafter he will enjoy his first giftfrom abroad. However, becauseso many of our gifts are madeby hand and supplies are limited, we urge you to mail the

coupon at once. You can be sure your friendswill be enchanted with their gifts, for these arethe things you would choose if you weretravelling abroad! And here is our guarantee:if you are not delighted upon receipt of the

first gift, we will refund you thetotal amount paid on the membership. Rush your gift list today!

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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Don't give a*Ho-Hum"Gift tte Christmas!B a n m C X M a M a a a t M t s m s e i S S K H M M . . M M g i t f H f i R B t a t a B g

for the people you like best -- and yourself too....

G I V E M E M B E R S H I P S I N T H E

A R O U N D - T H E - W O R L DS H O P P E R S C L U B

H o w t h e A r o u n d - t h e - W o r l d S h o p p e r s C l u b C a n

S e n d T h e s e G i f t s f o r O n l y $ 2 . 0 0 E a c h

American dollar credits abroad are magic.And the Club commands fabulousbargains at the great InternationalFairs as well as in the markets andbazaars of native artisans who still;create in ancient hand-craft tradi

tions. Through the Club's enormous buyingpower and prestige, Memberships cost only$6.00 for 3 months, $11.50 for 6 months,$22.00 for 12 months, postage paid, duty free,

direct from the place of origin. Every articlevalue-guaranteed: if available in the U.S., eachwould retail at from $3.50 to $6.00!

G i f t s T h a t R e m i n d Y o u r R e c i p i e n t O f Y o u r

Thoughtfulness Again and Again!The glamour of most Christmas gifts quickly

fades with familiarity but the pleasure ofAround-the-World Shoppers Club Membership is experienced month after month withthe arrival of each new gift from abroad.

Giving gift Memberships is easy.Just complete the coupon below,using an extra sheet, and mail. AtChristmas-time each recipient re

A C O M P L I M E N T A R Y M E M B E R S H I P F O R Y O U

Every t ime your gif t Memberships total 36months, you, or anyone you name, receives aFREE 6-month Club Membership. Simply addthe name to your list, and indicate.

The U. S. Post Office Dept. charges a service fee of 15#for delivery of foreign packages, which is collected by thepostman and cannot he prepaid by the Club.

A r o u n d - t h e - W o r l d S h o p p e r s C l u b , D e p t . 2 1 27 1 C o n c o r d S t r e e t , N e w a r k 5 , N . J .

R E A D W H A T M E M B E R S S A Y A B O U T T H E C L U B

"I have enjoyed you r internat ional t reasurehunt' so very, very much. I think a membershipwould make a wonderful present to give someo n e ! " - K . K . H . . M e f r o s e P a r k , / / / ."The whole family gathers round when thelatest package arrives. You are doing a wonderful job . . . Each gift is a real bargain!"

-R.R.B.. Montv»/e, Conn."Just ant icipat ing the coming of a 'surpr isegift ' has been great fun and a real lift!"

- S . K . F . , T r o y , N . Y .

"Your gifts show exquisite taste in their selection. I am more than pleased and I feel urgedto tell you so." -- M.Z., Philadelphia, Pa."Thus far I have received two articles -- and amstill speechless with surprised pleasure!"

- J . S . S . , W / n s r o n - S a f e m . N . C .

(NOTE: All original letters on file in our office)



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A t y p i c a l e n g i n e r o c k e r a r m a t 4 0 m . p . h .

Rocks back and forth1743 times per mite

M o d e r n E n g i n e s D e m a n dQual i fy Lubr icat ion

Q U A K E R S T A T E O I L R E F I N I N G C O R P O R A T I O N , O I L C I T Y , P A

M e m b e r P e n n s y l v a n i a G r a d e C r u d e O i l A s s o c i a t i o n

L E T T E R S

Subscr ip t ion Rates : Con t inen ta l U .S. , 1 y r . , $6 .00 ;2 y rs . , $10 .50 ; 3 y rs . , $14 .00 . Canada and Yukon ,

1 y r . , $6 .50 ; 2 y rs . , $11 .50 ; 3 y rs . , $15 .50 . Plane-s p e e d e d e d i t i o n s , H a w a i i , 1 y r . , $ 8 .0 0 ; A l a s k a ,1 yr.,$ 10.00; Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico,

C a n a l Z o n e , V i r g i n I s l a n d s , C o n t i n e n t a l E u r o p e& Japan , 1 y r . , $12 .50 ; a l l o ther coun t r i es , 1 y r . ,$ 1 5 . 0 0 . F o r U . S . a n d C a n a d i a n a c t i v e m i l i t a r ypersonnel anywhere in the wor ld , 1 y r . , $4 .75 .

Subscr ip t ion Serv ice : J . E . King , Gen l . Mgr . Mai ls u b s c r i p t i o n o r d e r s , c o r r e s p o n d e n c e a n d i n s t r u c

t ions fo r change o f address to :

TIME SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE5 4 0 N . Mi c h i g a n A v e n u e

Chicago 11, Il l inois

C h a n g e o f A d d r e s s : S e n d o l d a d d r e s s ( e x a c t l y a si m p r i n t e d o n m a i l i n g l a b e l o f y o u r c o p y o fT I M E ) a n d n e w a d d r e s s ( w i t h z o n e n u m b e r , i fany) - - a l low th ree weeks fo r change-over .

Advert is ing Correspondence should be addressed to:TIME, T ime & Li fe Bui ld ing , 9 Rockefe l l er Plaza ,

N e w Y o r k 2 0 , N . Y .

Copyright: TIME is copyrighted 1953 by TIME INC.u n d e r I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o p y r i g h t C o n v e n t i o n . A l lr i g h t s r e s e r v e d u n d e r P a n A m e r i c a n C o p y r i g h t

Conven t ion .

The Associa t ed Press i s exclus ively en t i t l ed to theuse fo r repub l i ca t ion o f the local t e l eg raph ic andcab le news pub l i shed here in , o r ig inated by TIME,T h e W e e k l y N e w s m a g a z i n e o r o b t a i n e d f r o m

The Associated Press.

TIME INC. also publishes LIFE, FORTUNE, ARCHITECTURAL FORUM and HOUSE & HOME. Chairman,M a u r i c e T . M o o r e ; P r e s i d e n t , R o y E . L a r s e n ;Execu t ive Vice-Pres iden t fo r Pub l i sh ing , HowardB l a c k ; E x e c u t i v e V i c e - P r e s i d e n t a n d T r e a s u r e r ,C h a r l e s L . S t i l l m a n ; V i c e - P r e s i d e n t a n d S e c r et a r y , D . W . B r u m b a u g h ; V i c e - P r e s i d e nt s , B e r

n a r d B a r n e s , A l l e n G r o v e r , A n d r e w H e i s k e l l ,J a m e s A . L i n e n , R a l p h D . P a i n e , J r . , P . I .P r e n t i c e ; C o m p t r o l l e r a n d A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y

Arno ld W. Car l son .

T I M EOctober 5, 1953

Volume LXI INumber T4

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Q u a k e r S t a t e M o t o r O i l i s m a d e t o s u i t t h erequi rements of a l l makes of cars and for every

t y p e o f s e r v i c e . A s k y o u r d e a l e r .

QUAKER)STATE

M O T O R O I L

LAVONNE C. CRAWFORD

MARY LEE HUNTER

Let t ers to the Ed i to r shou ld be addressed to TIME &LIFE Bui ld ing , 9 Rockefe l l er Plaza , New York20 , N.Y.

THE PERFORMANCE you demand from your carhas resulted in engines designed for high-

compression, high power, and faster moving parts.That's why you need Quaker State Motor Oil ...designed and tailor-made for today's engines!

Quaker State is made from 100% Pure Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil. Every drop is theproduct of continuous research and 50 years ofspecialization in automotive lubricants. This full-bodied oil keeps your engine cool, clean, and quiet.Economical too ... you go farther on every quart.

G r a s s R o o t s R e p o r t

Sir:What a great , wide, amazing country i t

;urns out to be when one of your editors getsaway from big c i ty thinking [TIME, Sept .14] . . . Send more edi tors on tours of thisreat country !

Dallas

Sir:Y o u r a r t i c l e . . . f i l l e d m e w i t h a d e e p

sense of shame . . . Every group, it appears,is a special interest group . . . People's att it u d e s e e m s t o b e . . . t h a t w e c a n h a v eprosperity and security without paying forthem. I hope there are a few ci t izens whothank their lucky stars that they can affordto pay taxes to defend their land, afford topay for all the luxuries Americans enjoy . . .who deem it a privilege to help the world remain free , so that we may remain free ourselves. We are admit tedly a warm-heartedpeople when disaster st r ikes. Must we beawakened by a cataclysm?

Kentfield, Calif.

Sir:Your "strong and stable U.S." strikes meas typical smug TiMEry ! All your readers arenot thriving farmers, satisfied businessmenand relaxed Republicans. Neither are mostAmericans . . . I would be very much interested in a feature article on "Our ForgottenPeople , " t he t ime-c lock punche rs , housewives and oldsters in the tragedy of America-- the aging big city.

The people who prosper move their homesand stores to the suburbs, out to the sunlightand t rees, but the mil l ions who fol low the



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p r e s e n t s t h e a i l n e w 1 9 5 4

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B E N D I X O h i o A P P L I A N C E S , D i v . A V C O M a n u f a c t u r i n g C o r p o r a t i o n , C i n c i n n a t i 2 5 , O h i o

same deadly routine every day, year in andyear out, see no improvement in their livesand many don't have the nerve or ambitionto want any. These are our starving ones -not starved for food, but for stable homelife, religious training, proper channeling ofta lents toward making a product ive l ivelhood, ability to amuse themselves . . .

EDITH J. WILMERMinneapolis

Sir:Your contributing editor Alvin Josephy'

junket produced an incisive report . . . How

ever, Josephy's use of the label "progressiveconservatism" is as valid as a label "conservative Communism." Conservatism, understoodneeds no sugar-coated shell such as "progressive" to be palatable.

JOSEPH M. TOCKMAN

Shot ReturnedSir:

The arrogant Bri t i sh naval off icers hadbet ter mind thei r language when they calthe Chinese Nationalist navy "riffraff" (Sept7) . In the past two months, I have visi tedChinese navy ships, inspected thei r navaacademy and wa tched the i r maneuvers . have met many of thei r men, including admirals and sailors, and I ' l l cast my vote fotheir men being equal to the British or ouown U.S. naval personnel . I 've been pr ivleged to know many Bri t i sh and Americaadmirals, including such charmers as Briain's Admiral Tennant and our own beloveAdmiral Halsey. Free China 's Admiral GJohn Ma can hold his own with any of them

Had it not been for the determination othe Chinese Nationalists to remain free, plu

Amer ica ' s con t inued recogni t ion o f F reeC h i n a , i t i s v e r y d o u b t f u l i f t h e B r i t i s hw o u l d h a v e H o n g K o n g a n d S i n g a p o r etoday . The Chinese Na t iona l i s t s a re l awabiding citizens, which is more than anyonecan say for Communist China's naval pirate. . . Shame on England for not withdrawingrecognition of these world gangsters.

ZETTA WELLSTaipeh, Formosa

D on Ado l f o & H i s Peop leSir:

Congratula t ions on the excel lent covestory on Mexico's President Ruiz Cortine[TIME, Sept. 14]. With Naguib in Egypt, anIke in America , one is moved to hope thusual moral decay fol lowing war is abou

over. After the long and dreary procession oaged, powerful murderers, s ly and c levephonies, eggheads, screwball Messiahs, hotshots, white-haired, fast-buck boys and jusplain internationally celebrated jerks -- it irefreshing to realize that an old-fashionedhonest man is, at long last, news.

WILLIAM CARLTON DAVIERosedale, N.Y.

Sir:I f y o u w a n t t o j o i n t h e g a n g b e n t o n

smearing Miguel Aleman, go ahead. Thatwhat a free press is for, is n't it? But how dyou know about those gaieties of Aleman anhis pals? Did you have sleuths s neak in othem, or are you satisfied with broadcastindirty gossip ? Why get so incensed becausAleman is good-looking? . . .

President Ruiz Cortines is a very fine manThat's why Aleman made him his understud

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5

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Las Vegas, N. Mex.

Sir:These one-man, grass-root surveys of pub

lic opinion leave me skeptical. People are polite by instinct and tend to tell the inquisitivestranger what they think the stranger wantsto hea r , o r a t l ea s t someth ing tha t won 'hurt his feelings . . .

RIDGELY CUMMINGSSan Francisco



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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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for many years in the difficult task of rulingMexico wisely and, with no prodding fromanyone, picked him to be his successor . . .

JULIO C. GAMAS MARIN

A. E. RICHARDSMexico City

Sir:Everyone who read your article certainly

must have been really impressed by the chara c t e r a n d t h e d o i n g s o f P r e s i d e n t R u i zCortines . . .

I t m a y b e o n l y a n i m p r e s s i o n a t f i r s tsight . . . Has Mr. Ruiz Cortines jailed anyof h i s fo rmer Cabine t co l l eagues o f t heAleman era? Has he taken away from themthe hundreds of thousands or mi l l ions ofpesos which they had received illegally andcorruptly ? Why has he done nothing of thisk ind? . . . I f he on ly had t r i ed to do i t , hewould have been dead the very day his purpose became known to a l l t hese cor rup tpeople who have, today as yesterday, morepower and more inf luence than the decentpeople like 'Mr. Ruiz Cortines . . .

You and your reporter . . . overest imatethe influence that the very high ethics of thePresident will have upon the conduct and thec h a r a c t e r o f t h e o f f i c i a l s . . . I h a v e n odoubt that nothing has changed really exceptthe behavior of the President himself andthat of a few of his friends, w ho are a t inyminority . . .

DR. WERNER ARONQuito, Ecuador

Sir:Sombreros off to Chaliapin's clever cover-

piece of Mexican Eagle Ruiz Cort ines beh e a d i n g a r a t t l e d a n d a p p r o p r i a t e l y A -

shaped, IB-mottled snake-in-the-GRAFT . . .HENRI DESCAMPS-FAJARDOCaracas, Venezuela

Sir:You slap the Mexican press when you s ay

that it was too close to the game of Alemanand his cronies to chronicle much of it. Justwhat do you mean? That i t was in jeopardyand therefore scared ? Shucks ! Like yourself,the Mexican press isn't scared of anythingthis side of the grave . . . Probably the lackof the chronicles you miss is due simply tothe fact that there was nothing of the sort tochronicle . . .Who was the editor who, notwith the traditional blue pencil of his kindbut with the rewrite man's typewriter, washurled out of his window four f l ights intothe st reet , or was i t a courtyard? He must

have had a name. There must be a date tothe cr ime. In short , who, when, where tosubstant ia te your fabricated why.

Pro-Piltdown

Sir:Allow me to say a few words for Piltdown

man . . . TIME'S book editor [Sept. 14] im

plies that this ancient prototype leaves himcold. I realize, of course, that you can't like

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Mexico City

Sir:You fe l lows seem to know more about

Mexico than we that l ive here . Makes mefeel like working for Don Adolfo after I readyour excel lent ar t ic le . . . Up to date thereare a lot of people that believe that Mr. RuizCor t ines i s a puppe t o f Migue l Aleman ' s

regime . . .

ARTURO DOMINGUEZ PAULINMexico City

<§ No fabrication is the defenestrationof Presente's Editor Jorge Pino Sando-val, who tried to print such chroniclesin 1948, was tossed from the fourthfloor into a courtyard by thugs, suffering severe injuries. -- ED.



" O r i o n " g i v e s t o p c o c

ORLON Adds Easeof Care andGood Looks toMenswear This Fall

d f e e l o f s o f t l u x u r y , y e t i t m a k e s t h e m m o r e p r a c t i c a l t h a n e v e r . S E E " C A V A L C A D £ O F A M E R I C A " O N T V

C l o t h e s o f " O r i o n " h o l d t h e i r p r e s s a n d s h a p eb e t t e r . T h e y l o o k n e a t l o n g e r , e v e n i n d a m p

w e a t h e r . T h e y d r y q u i c k l y a n d t h e p r e s s s t a y s i n .

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Y o u g e t m o r e w e a r o u t o f c l o t h e s o f " O r i o n "b e c a u s e t h e y k e e p n e a t - l o o k i n g l o n g e r , s p e n d

m o r e t i m e o n y o u a n d l e s s t i m e o u t f o r u p k e e p .

You'll find leading stores offering clothing made with"Orion". Du Pont produces fibers only -- not fabrics orgarments. The skill of mills and manufacturers in usingfibers properly is your assurance of quality and value.

Today, men are looking more and more

for clothes that are easy to live in, easyto take care of. In topcoats, they want

comfort, and they expect good looks, too.

You'll find both these qualities in top

coats of "Orion". Du Pont "Orion" gives

fabrics a rich, luxurious feel, makes themsoft and comfortable. Yet it helps themkeep neat-looking with less care and hold

their shape better even in damp weather.

There are other good things that"Orion" brings to men's clothes. Sports

jackets, slacks, suits, shirts and othermenswTear items that make proper use

of "Orion" acrylic fiber can go longerwithout pressing. They are good travel

ing companions, too. They pack easily,

and when they are unpacked, mostwrinkles hang out.

This new kind of menswear is now

available in fall and winter fabrics in a

broad selection of colors, styles and patterns. For the widest choice, you'll wantto shop early.

"Orion" is Du Pant's trade-mark for its acrylic fiber



H o w f o t a l k b a c k

to the boss

This isn ' t a case of "safe ty throughd i s t a n c e . " I t ' s p a r t o f t h e y a r dman's job to ta lk back to the s ignalt o w e r o v e r t h e t w o - w a y l o u ds p e a k e r w h e n m a k i n g u p f r e i g h tt r a ins on The Mi lwaukee Road .

M o d e r n c o m m u n i c a t i o n s p l a y abig par t in progress ive ra i l roading.A m o n g t h e m e a n s u s e d o n t h eM i l w a u k e e a r e s h o r t w a v e r a d i o ,t a p e r e c o r d i n g , p n e u m a t i c t u b e s ,

and publ ic address sys tems.

A d d i n t h e m o r e o b v i o u s f a c t o r ss u c h a s d i e s e l a n d e l e c t r i c p o w e r ,h i g h s p e e d t r a c k a n d s e a s o n e dt r a n s p o r t a t i o n m e n , a n d y o u b e g i nto get the full picture of what makesThe Mi lwaukee Road a f avor i t e .

A word from you will put this rail-r o a d a t y o u r s e r v i c e . M i l w a u k e eRoad agents are located in principalc i t ies . Cal l the man neares t you.

toot o f the m ap!

S H I P - - T R A V E L

M i l e s o f l i n e 1 0 , 6 6 8m b e r o f s t a t i o n s 1 , 7 8 7

o m o t i v e s 1 , 0 1 5ight t ra in c a rs . 5 7 ,5 8 3is e nge r t ra in c a rs 1 ,0 5 9

3 2 , 7 7 6

1 2

THE MILWAUKEE ROADRoute of the SUPER DOME HIAWATHAS

C H I C A G O , M I L W A U K E E . S T . P A U L A N D P A C I F I C R A I L R O A D

everybody. But just the same, it wasn't easybe ing P i l t down man . Al l he had be tweenhimself and starvation was a club. And whatcan you do wi th a c lub ? . . . He had a lotm o r e t o w o r r y a b o u t t h a n t h e q u e s t i o n :What British author is going to write aboutPi l tdown man? Nor do I bel ieve he wouldobject to a histor ical romance involving api thecanthropus or two. But then he neverheard of editors.

MERVIN C. HELFRICHGlen R'idge, N.J.

M r . D u l l es ' Ad L ibsSir:

By what right does TIME become the judgeof how a U.S. Secretary of State should actor talk [Sept. 14]? Also, how' does TIME getthe r ight to "score" his "hi ts and errors"?. . . Russia clearly stated how it wanted theG e r m a n e l e c t i o n t o g o . T h a t w a s n e v e rcriticized. However, when Mr. Dulles made astatement which was an exact reflection ofthe feelings of most Americans, the screamsof " r ighteous" indignat ion were loud andlong . . .

WARD S. YUNKERAtlanta

Sir:It strikes me that the crit icism expressed

may be we l l - founded , bu t i s g ross ly misplaced . . . Congratulations, Mr. Dulles. It'sa real relief to get an honest statement fromanyone these days -- and especia l ly a diplomat . . .

I am s i ck un to dea th o f our ado le scen tapproach to foreign affairs, and especiallyo u r p i t i f u l f e a r o f w h a t t h e r e s t o f t h eworld thinks of us. Personally, I don't give adamn wha t t he re s t o f t he wor ld th inks .

MARGARET A. BURKEWindsor, Vt.

Sir:We are indeed fortunate in that Mr. Dulles

was not a Democrat under the Truman Adm i n i s t r a t i on . O n e a d - l i b b e r a t a t i m e i senough.'

HENRY M. MICHELCICMt. Olive, 111.

G. I. BAGGETTGreen Bay, Wis.

P a y n e W h i t n e y C l i n i cSir-

Your article on the Payne Whitney Clinic[Sept. 14] expresses with clarity the processof psychia t r ic t reatment which is so of tensurrounded with mystery and befuddled explanations. As a clinical psychologist I amfrequen t ly a sked to exp la in wha t psychotherapy is. In printing this article, TIME hasmade available to many readers an accuratea c c o u n t o f " o n e o f t h e h o p e f u l a r t s o fhealing."

JANET L. HOOPESLansdowne, Pa.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

L i t t l e N e w S c h o o l H o u s e

Sir:Concerning modern schools [Sept . 7] . . .

s i nce when d id oc t agona l and hexagona lbuildings with their cost doubling and triplingthe cost of a four-square, three-story buildi n g i m p r o v e t h e s t u d y o f t h e 3 R s ? T h eaverage taxpayer and his school board havebeen taken for a fast ride down the chute bya lot of modernists who are not qui te surewha t t hey want t o do excep t t ha t i t mustbe "different."

S t r o n g e s t M e n i n t h e W o r l d

Sir:I t was a p l easure to see a magaz ine o f

your ca l ibe r devo te a l i t t l e i n t e l l i gen t a ttention to the sport of weight l ift ing [Sept.



This "Ounce of Prevention

"SAFETY DISCS

GUARD AGAINST 9

G R E A T E S T S K I D P R O T E C T I O N I N T I R E H I S T O R Y !

With ord ina ry t i r e s , t r ead r ibs o fyour t i res tend to compress into asmooth, slippery surface. That 's because r ibs squeeze together underpressure -- l ike the edges of yourfingers when you make a fist. Treadloses i t s vi ta l gr ip on the road . . .

and you skid!

Wi t h l i f e - s a v i ng A rms t rong T i re s ,t h e t r e a d c a n ' t c o m p r e s s ! C a n ' tsqueeze toge the r - - can ' t l ose i t sgrip! "Ounce of prevention"" discsbetween r ibs keep gripping edgesapart -- l ike your fingers when youp u t r u b b e r d i s c s b e t w e e n t h e m .You don ' t skid!

3-YEAR UNCONDITIONAL GUARANTEE

Armstrong gives you the longest,

s t r o n g e s t g u a r a n t e e i n t h e i n

dustry -- three full years against

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t i r e w i l l be r ep laced by a com

parable new tire with full credit

for the per iod of guarantee not

r e a l i z e d . S e e y o u r A r m s t r o n g

dealer now !

Patent appl ied for

BEST BLOW-OUT PROTECTION, TOO!Armstrong gives you the f ines t

b low-out p ro tec t ion in the t i r eindustry. But never forget-- skids,

n o t b l o w - o u t s , a r e t h e m a j o r

c a u s e o f a c c i d e n t s d u e t o t i r e

failure. In fact, 9 out of 10 such

accidents are caused by skids. So,

with Armstrongs you're that much

safer than with any other tire !

A R M S T R O N G

P R E M I U M S f T I R E SF U L L 3 - Y E A R U N C O N D I T I O N A L R O A D H A Z A R D G U A R A N T E E

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3



CLOTHES

14 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

'^^M You are looking at America's largest selling year 'round> T i m e l y C l o t h e s / , . , , . 7 , , , ^

^ § suit -- PLATEAU . . . the suit with the weightless feel. Ine

DotWum, Toifiou/ho.

TIMELY.

14], a form of athletic competition which,in i t s rude forms, i s as ancient as any . . .and is deserving of more than the jea lousjeers hurled at it by lesser men.

JAMES C. WOLFORDForest Hills, N.Y.

Sir:"Officially, and beyond controversy . . ."

D o u g H e p b u r n i s t h e 1 9 5 3 w o r l d h e a v yweight weight- l i f t ing champion -- but not"the strongest man in the world" . . .

T h e r e w e r e t w o m e n i n t h e c o n t e s t a t

S tockholm who have l i f t ed h ighe r t o t a l sofficially than Doug Hepburn. John Davis,this year's runner-up, who was handicappedby a leg injury, holds the world's record totalat 1,062 Y-Z Ibs., and Jim Bradford, who failedt o p l a c e , h a s t o t a l e d 1 , 0 4 0 I b s . . .

At the present t ime there is a young man(20) from Tennessee who is more deservingof being called "the world's strongest man"

Bob Sherrill

WEIGHT LIFTER ANDERSONA 7621/4-lb. squat.

than anyone else known in the weight-liftingworld. He is Paul Anderson, who packs amassive 300 Ibs. on a 5 ft. 9^ in. frame.

In one year's intensive training, he is within 15 Ibs. of Hepburn's press record (a record it took Hepburn nine years to establish),has snatched more and has cleaned and jerkedmore than Hepburn . In fac t , Anderson i sone o f t he few men in the wor ld to havecleaned and jerked 400 Ibs. . . . In the squat,which f i rst brought fame to Hepburn, thecomparison is as follows: Hepburn's best is665 Ibs. ; Anderson's official best is a staggering 762% Ibs. . . .

JIM MURRAYManaging Editor

Strength and Health

York, Pa .

F a m i l y S u r v e y

Sir:. . . The Family Survey of the Lutheran

Church -- Missouri Synod [Aug. 17] . . . i snot a "Kinsey for Lutherans." The sex question was only one in 50 that were asked. Thequest ionnaire, as a whole , was less than athird of the entire research into histor ic doctrines and practices in the Christian church.

Regardless of the scientific objectivity ofDr. Kinsey, his name has come to be associated with anything "sexational." It is not acompliment to have a religious study labeledin that way.

PAUL G. HANSENResearch Director

Lutheran Family SurveySt. Louis

> ^fylH^ 1 fabr ic is a unique s i lky wors ted of regular wei ght . But

on your back it feels singularly weightless, giving matchless comfort in a lmost a l l c l imates . Pla teau is made only by Timely

Clothes . . . with famous Balanced Tailoring to assure i ts good looks

through many seasons. $72.50. For name of your Timely Clothier and

free booklet , "How to Choose Clothes to Improve Your Appearance,"

write Timely Clothes, Dept. T-37, Rochester 2, N. Y.



them yet. . . but he will by and by

if the milk and stainless steel people have any say about it

Growing children need plenty ofgood, wholesome milk.

Grown-ups do, too.And the U. S. milk industry, now

supp ly ing more than 60 mi l l ionquarts of fresh, vitamin-rich milkand cream a day, is doing everythingit can to increase production . . . andsafeguard the purity and delicateflavor of this low-cost, body-buildingfood.

Take dairy farmers, for example.To guard your health, they aim for

the lowest possible bacteria count. Inincreasing numbers, they pipe orpour milk as it is taken from the cowsright into sterilized, self -refrigerating stainless steel farm tanks (it 'sNickel-containing stainless steel, bythe way).

In these tanks, your milk is quicklycooled to about 38° F. to prot ect itsflavor. Later on -- and sti l l nevertouched by hand -- it's pumped intothe stainless steel lined tank of an

insulated truck. And "highballed" todairies where, as you might expect,

Inco Nickel . .Your Unseen Friend

T h e I N T E R N A T I O N A L N I C K E L C O M P A N Y , I n c ,

Being alloyed, Inco Nickel does its

work unseen. That is why it is called"Your Unseen Fr iend."You and "Your Unseen Friend": Morning , noon and n igh t , Inco N icke l i salways with you-- helping to make yourl i fe eas ier , br ighter , more pleasant ,m o r e w o r t h w h i l e . J u s t h o w ? " T h eRomance o f N icke l , " an in te re s t ingbooklet, tells you. Send for your freecopy. Write The International NickelCompany, Inc . , Dept . 359b, 67 WallStreet, New York 5, N. Y. ©1953, T.I.N. co.

most of the equipment is made ofbright, shining, Nickel-containingstainless steel.

Now why all this stainless steel?

Well, for one thing, milk doesn'trust or corrode this type of stainless.So there's no metal pick-up to destroythe delicate flavor of your milk andcream.

For another thing, it doesn't pit.

No hideouts for germs -- one reasonbulk handling milk producers areable to keep their bacteria countdown so low.

For another thing, this stainlesssteel is easy to keep clean -- a "must"in the milk industry. Wash it andscrub it as hard and as often as youplease -- put strong chemicals to it,harsh abrasives, live steam-- stainlesssteel can take this punishment and so

protect the purity and flavor of yourmilk.

Stainless s teel aside, there aremore than 3000 Nickel-containingalloys. Nickel-containing becauseNickel adds toughness, hardness, corrosion resistance and other specialproperties to metals with which it isalloyed.



Howls Business ?

F r i g i d a i r e " P a c k a g e d C o o l i n g "

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realize other important advantages with Frigidaireproducts that can be used, or adapted, for a widevariety of applications. Follow the lead of businessesof all types, coast to coast. Call your Frigidairerepresentative today-- it won't cost you a cent, andit may save you many dollars.

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bottled drinks. New pressure-balanced Water Coolers. IceCream Cabinets designed to hold more, make serving easier.

Reach-In Refrigerators offering more convenience, morestorage, in less floor space. Compressors for walk-in coolersand every cold-making need. Air conditioning. Everythingyou need to run a more efficient food service operation.

Self -ContainedA i r C ondi t i one rs

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Ice CreamCabinets

Froz e n FoodDisplay Cases

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run a mote l ?Maintain full occupancy at premium rates with newFrigidaire Room Air Conditioners, that combine the lux

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o r r u n a b a r ?Frigidaire equipment pays off in bars and taverns. Auto

matic Ice Cube Makers provide regular size cubes or sensational new "cubelets" that make better drinks and savemoney, too. Frigidaire Beverage Coolers serve every singlebottle of beer at just the right temperature . . . cool fast tokeep up with demand. Quiet, attractive Air Conditionersassure real comfort for more trade, more spending.

Your Frigidaire Dealer will be glad to show you how science, business andindustry use Frigidaire products to save time and increase profits. Look forhis name in the Yellow Pages of the phone book. Or write Frigidaire, Dayton 1,Ohio. In Canada : Toronto 13, Ontario.

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cold-making equipment can be filled and filled best byFrigidaire. Refrigeration for walk-in coolers . . . self-servicecases for meats, produce and frozen food . . . compact airconditioning units. Every unit is designed with you inmind -- built to increase your sales and protect your profitswith extra service, dependability and performance.

F r i g i d a i r eB U I L T A N D B A C K E D B Y G E N E R A L M O T O R S



T f M l ] m ' M E l F T T M E ( T I M E ] T I M E n M M E

A L E T T E R F R O M T H E P U B L I S H E R

to come across such joggers ... asthese: the depression phrase, 'We'lllet you know if anything turns up';the Chicago newspaper ad, 'Bulletholes rewoven perfectly' . . . andthe Japanese battle cry, 'Go to hell,Babe Ruth -- American, you die.' "

Simon & Schuster, old hands atpublishing quiz books, havethis to say: "Live ThemAga in i s a pa r lor gamematching the fiendish del ights of c rossword puz

zles, Ask Me Another andTwenty Questions. Do youknow, for instance, who inspired the quip, 'There butfor the grace of God goesGod?' Who started network

on-the-field play-by-play broadcasting? Who was Herbert Hoover's running mate in 1932 -- described byH. L. Mencken as 'half Indian andhalf windmill'?"

Do you know?

Cordially yours,

I I / V \ T i M E T I M E M E

T I M

M

The TIME covers on this pageare only a few of the 1,596 tha thave appeared since the first issue ofTIME was published in 1923. Manyof you have followed the news ofthose thirty years with TIME -- andwhat years they have been !

Now, on our thir t ie thanniversary, the edi torsof TIME have produced abook ca l led L ive Them

Again, a "quiz book andmemory jogger" coveringthe years 1923-1953. It hasjust been published by Simon & Schuster in a paper-bound edition (price: $1).

Says the New York Times BookReview: "Ultrasophisticated . . . alot of good reading and good fun. . . TIME'S quizmasters know that agood question is one that is neitherhard nor easy but that makes readerand friends want to look up the answer. Their book does just that . . .

It is as pleasant as opening up a boyhood drawer in an old family chest

* For the names, see page 122.



f o r a n e n c h a n t e d h o l i d a y

s o h igh in c ha rm. . . s o low in c os t !

Y o u ' l l y i e l d w i t h d e l i g h t t o t h e g a y a n d g r a c i o u s

s p i r i t o f t h e s e t r o p i c i s l e s . . . a n d f i n d a w h o l e n e w

w o r l d i n t h e i r a n c i e n t f o l k w a y s a n d b r e a t h - t a k i n g l o v e l i n e s s .

A i r a n d s t e a m s h i p l i n e s l i n k H a w a i i w i t h S a n F r a n c i s c o ,

L o s A n g e l e s , P o r t l a n d , S e a t t l e , V a n c o u v e r . F r o m H o n o l u l u

a n d f a m o u s W a i k i k i B e a c h o n O A H U , s h o r t f l i g h t s t a k e y o u

t o t h e o t h e r H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s . . . M A U I , H A W A I I , K A U A I . . .

e a c h o n e d e l i g h t f u l l y d i f f e r e n t , e a c h o n e l u r i n g y o u

w i t h n e w c h a r m s . L e t y o u r T r a v e l A g e n t

h e l p y o u a r r a n g e a v i s i t t o t h e m a l l .



7^ <ssL<&<2<w

The friendly hospitality of the famous Town House is

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dining patio. The lovely decor is characteristic of the

originality found in each of the renowned rooms in the

distinguished group of Hilton Hotels around the world.

Conrad N. Hil ton, President

EXECUTIVE OFFICES * THE CONRAD HILTON * CHICAGO 5, ILLINOIS

L OS

7n 3Veu; JorkTHE WALDORF-ASTORIA

THE PLAZA AND THE ROOSEVELT

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In St. Louis, Mo.THE JEFFERSON

In Columbus, OhioTHE DESHLER HILTON

In Tort Worth and 81 Paso, 7exasTHE HILTON HOTEL

In San "Bernardino, CaliforniaARROWHEAD SPRINGS

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In £os AngelesTHE TOWN HOUSE

In Dayion, ObioTHE DAYTON BILTMORE

In Albuquerque, "New 'MexicoTHE HILTON HOTEL

In San Juan, Puerto RicoTHE CARIBE HILTON

In "Madrid, SpainTHE CASTELLANA HILTON



INDEX

C ov e r S t o r y . . . . 92News in Pictures . . . . 30

A r t 8 6B o o k s 1 1 0B u s i n e s s 9 1C i n e m a 1 0 4E d u c a t i o n 5 8Foreign News. .35Hemisphere. . . 40In te rna t iona l . . . 32L e t t e r s 6M e d i c i n e 5 4

Theater .

M i l e s t o n e s 1 0 3

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TIMEE D I T O R - I N - C H I E F H e n r y R . L u c eP R E S I D E N T R o y E . L a r s e nE D I T O R I A L D I R E C T O R J o h n S h a w B i l l i n g s

MANAGING EDITORRoy Alexander

ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOROtto Fuerbringer

SENIOR EDITORSRobert W. Boyd, Jr., Edward O. Cerf, Thomas Griffi th,Henry Anato le Grunwald , Hi l l i s Mi l l s , John OsborneC o n t e n t P e c k h a m, J o s e p h P u r t e l l , J o h n T i b b y , J o h n

Walker , Max Ways .

Douglas Auch incloss , Lou i s Banks , Bruce Bar ton , J rG i l b e r t C a n t , E d w i n C o p p s , A l e x a n d e r E l i o t , F r a n kGibney, Max Gissen, Roger S. Hewlet t , James C. KeoghLouis Kronenberger, Jonathan Norton Leonard, RobertManning, William Miller, Paul O'Neil, Margaret Quimby

Carl Solberg, Walter Stockly.

Harriet Bachman, Jesse L. Birnbaum, Godfrey BlundenW i l l i a m B o w e n , P e t e r B r a e s t r u p , R o d n e y C a mp b e l lR o b e r t C . C h r i s t o p h e r , C h a m p C l a r k , R i c h a r d M .Clurman , Donald S. Connery , George Dan ie l s , HenryBradford Darrach , J r . , Nigel Denn i s , Thomas Dozier ,O s b o r n E l l i o t t , W i l l i a m F o r b i s , R e b e c c a F r a n k l i n ,Bernard Friwell , Manon Gaulin, Ezra Goodman, EldonGri f f i ths , Alex Groner , Alan Hal l , Sam Halper , Car t erHarman , Barker T . Har t shorn , Alv in M. Josephy , J r . ,T h e o d o r e E . K a l e m, D o u g l a s S . K e n n e d y , E s s i e L e eByron D. Mack , Peter Mathews , Rober t McLaughl inMart in O 'Nei l l , Richard Oulahan , J r . , Rober t Parker"

George B. Post , Richard Seamon, Mark Vishniak.

Michael J. Phillips

Vi rg in ia Adams , Sh i r l ey Barger , Helen Sco t t Bennet tD o r o t h e a B o u r n e , A m e l i a R i d d i c k B r e n t , B a r b a r aBrundage, Marjorie Burns, Peggy Bushong, Nancy McD.Chase, Lil ian Davidson, Estel le Dembeck, Lois Dickert ,A n n e D i r k e s , K a t h l e e n D o n a h u e , J o a n D y e , M a r t aErdman, Lenora Ersner, Harriet Ben Ezra, Jane Farley,Marcel le Farrington, Dorothy Ferenbaugh, Blanche Finn'R o s e m a r y L . F r a n k , M a r y E l i z a b e t h F r e m d , J u d i t hF r i e d b e r g , Ma r c i a G a u g e r , Ma r i e K a t h r y n G i b b o n s ,Ber t a Gold , Jean Gutheim, Doro thy Slav in Hays tead ,Harriet Heck, Robin Hinsdale, Bonnie Claire Howells .Helen Newlin Kalem, Quinera Sari ta King, Helga Kohl,Vera Kovarsky, E. Eleanore Larsen, Mary Ellen Lukas,Sy lv ia Crane Myers , Amel ia Nor th , Mary Bay lo r Rein -har t , Danu ta Reszke-Bi rk , Margare t Ror i son , Dei rd reMe a d R y a n , J a n e D a r b y S c h o l l , R u t h S i l v a , M. A v aSmith, Zona Sparks, Frances Stevenson, Jean Sulzberger,Y i Y i n g S u n g , E l e a n o r T a t u m, Ma r y V a n a ma n , P a u l avon Haimberger , Mar i lyn Wel lemeyer , Joan Whar ton ,

Elsbeth Jean Wright .

Lawrence Laybourne (Chief of Correspondents), BarrenBeshoar, Grace Brynolson, Arthur W. White.

Bureaus - - WASHINGTON: James Shep ley , John BealWalter Bennett , Marshall Berger, Clay Blair, Jr., GeorgeB. Bookman, Martha Bucknell , Edwin Darby, T. GeorgeHarris , Henry Luce III, James L. McConaughy, Jr., AlyceMoran, John L. Steele, James Truitt, Anatole Visson. CHICAGO: Sam Welles, Robert W. Glasgow, Carl Larsen, RuthMehrtens, Robert Schulman. Los ANGELES: Ben Williamson, John Allen, Terry Colman, Frank McCulloch, JamesMurray . DETROIT: Fred Col l ins . ATLANTA: Wi l l i amHowland, Boyd McDonald. BOSTON: Jeff Wylie. DALLAS-Will iam Johnson. HOUSTON: Willard C. Rappleye, Jr.DENVER: Ed Ogle, Charles Champlin. SAN FRANCISCO:Al fred Wrigh t , Rober t Morse . SEATTLE: Dean Brel i s .OTTAWA: Serrell Hillman, Byron W. Riggan. MONTREAL-

William White. TORONTO: Edwin Rees .

FOREIGN NEWS SERVICEMa n f r e d G o t t f r i e d ( C h i e f o f C o r r e s p o n d e n t s ) . J o h n

Boyle, Frederick Gruin, Clara Applegate.Bureaus -- LONDON: Andre Laguerre, A. T. Baker, HonorBal four , Wi l l i am McHale , George Voig t . PARIS: Er i cGibbs , Fred Kle in , Cur t i s Prendergas t , George Abel l .B O N N : F r a n k W h i t e , T o m L a mb e r t . R O ME : R o b e r tNev i l l e , Les ter Berns te in , Wi l l i am Rosp ig l ios i , JohnLuter. MADRID: Piero Saporiti. JOHANNESBURG: Alexander Campbell. BEIRUT: James Bell, David RichardsonN E W D E L H I : J a me s B u r k e , J o e D a v i d B r o w n , A c h a lRangaswami. SINGAPORE: John Dowling. HONG KONG-J o h n M. Me c k l i n . T O K Y O : D w i g h t Ma r t i n , J a me s LGreenfield. MEXICO CITY: Robert Lubar, Rafael DelgadoL o z a n o . P A N A MA : P h i l i p P a y n e . R i o D K J A N E I R O -

Cranston Jones. BUENOS AIRES: Ramelle MaCoy.

PUBLISHERJames A. Linen

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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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TIMEwhich the Administration is now, afterHumphrey's speech last week, firmly committed.

The actual prospect may be darker thanthe figures indicate. Since the economy isoperating at very near capacity, there islittle chance that revenue receipts willexceed present estimates. But any slacking

V o l . L X I I N o . 1 4 J L J L J L T J L J L _ I O c t o b e r 5 , 1 9 5 3T H E W E E K L Y N E W S M A G A Z I N E

N A T I O N A L A F F A I R ST H E N A T I O N

G r i m A r i t h m e t i c

H e rb e r t R e d ma n - - L IF E

Punctually to the second one morninglast week, the wail of the air-raid sirensrose over New York City. Waved downby cops and white-helmeted wardens, thestream of auto traffic, from Staten Islandto The Bronx, froze at the curbs; driversand passengers scurried to shelter. In theschools, children left the classrooms,huddled together far down on inside corridors. Shoppers vanished from Fifth Avenue; the subway stations filled up. Tele

vision went off the air, and radio switchedto the rotating CONELRAD emergencynetwork (TIME, March 2). Within minutes, the city was silent, the streets deserted. Only the pigeons and 5,000 U.N.employees paid no heed.

Fif teen minutes la te r , the a l l -c learsounded, the city came to life again, andthe biggest public-participant practicedrillt in history was a resounding success.New Yorkers had cooperated willingly,and 400,000 police and Civil Defenseworkers had played their roles well.

New York's big drill and the wholehearted public cooperation was symptomatic of the growing concern over the

atomic future. Across the land, there wasa clearing, chilling awareness that America and the world might be moving towarda climax of the atomic age.

A Frightening Possibility. In Washington, a United Press reporter disclosedthat the U.S. is nearly ready to start assembly-line production of thermonuclearbombs. The new weapon will cost but afraction of the price of the Eniwetokmodel (which re ta i ls a t an es t imated$100,000,000 f.o.b., Hanford, Wash.).On the conveyor belt moreover, the superbomb will come in a handy new size. Lastyea r ' s t e s t bomb, was too c rude andcumbersome to be delivered by air. The

new model will fit snugly into a 6-52.If was news of great portent. Conceiva

bly, cheap bombs might some day be within the reach of many nations, great andsmall . The poss ibi l i ty was a lmost asfrightening as the news that the Russianscould make the new weapon, and actually

There is no sacrifice -- no labor, notax, no service -- too hard for us tobear to support a logical and necessarydefense of our freedom.

That sentence in Dwight Eisenhower'sspeech to the Republican rally at BostonGarden last week set talk buzzing andtypewriters clacking. Was it a portent ofbad news? Many thought so. TreasurySecretary George Humphrey, scheduledto address the American Bankers Association convention in Washington the following day, was puzzled when he heardthe President's speech on TV. But, uponchecking with the boss, Humphrey learnedthat the "no sacrifice" remark did notsignify a switch in Administration taxplans.

Reassured, Humphrey told the bankersnext day that i ) "there will be no requestfor renewal" of the excess-profits tax, nowdue to expire Jan. i, and 2) the personalincome-tax cut (about 10%) set for Jan.i "will become effective." He added that"many further adjustments in taxes arenow under consideration." The bankers

applauded. Their applause would probablyhave been less hearty if Humphrey hadmade it plain that some of the "furtheradjustments" would be adjustments upwards.

Unbalanced Budget. Despite its whittling job on the budget, the Administration is operating $3.8 billion in the redthis fiscal year. The loss of excess-profitstaxes and of IQSI'S income-tax boost willcost the Treasury some $5 billion a year.On top of that, other Korean war tax increases -- on corporation profits and liquor, wine, beer, cigarettes, gasoline, sporting goods and automotive vehicles, partsand accessories -- are due to end April i.

Total estimated revenue loss in fiscal1955 (beginning next July): $7 billion ayear. That plus the current deficit addsup to $10.8 billion. In order to balancethe 1955 budget against its income prospects, the Administration would have tocut its 1955 spending program $10.8 billion below the 1954 level ($72.1 billion).

Washington officials do not believe thata slash of that magnitude is possible.They believe that the Administration willhave to ask Congress to i ) postpone someof the April decreases, 2) enact new taxesto make up for at least part of the lossresulting from the January decreases, to

SECRETARY HUMPHREYWhere will he get the money?

off of business activity would cut the t axreturns.

Unpopular Levy. What will probablyemerge from the Treasury's current studyof dozens of varied tax schemes is a proposal for a federal levy -- possibly 10% --on manufactured goods (TIME, Sept; 28).It would be collected from the manufac

turer, but -passed on to the retail purchaser. Foodstuffs and medical supplieswould be exempt, as would alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and gasoline, which arealready taxed at special rates.

Such a tax, if it replaced the presentill-assorted collection of excise taxes onjewelry, furs, luggage, musical instruments, etc., would net perhaps $3.5 billion a year. This would still leave $7.3billion to be made up by postponing someof the April decreases and by more paringof expenditures. Even if the unpopularmanufacturers' tax is enacted, a balancedbudget in the next fiscal year is unlikely.

* The U.N. felt it would be impolitic for a peaceorganization to recognize the drill.

*f" The Civil Defense assumption for the drill:two so-kiloton atom bombs had expl'oded overlower Manhat tan and outer Queens, ki l led1,104,814 and injured 512,000, knocked outBrooklyn and Manhattan bridges, disabled public utilities.

B o m b s f o r E v e r b o d yT H E A T O M



PRESIDENT IN SPRINGFIELD

R igh t aw ay qu i c k l y , a m an ' s head and hea r t .

A s s o c ia te d P re s s

TIME Map by R. M. Chapin, Jr .

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

had fired one specimen (TIME, Aug. 31).Officialdom was as concerned as the

public over the lengthening shadow ofthe atom. The President and his NationalSecurity Council held a grim, top-secretmeeting to study the problems of defense.After the conference, Vice President Nixonwas the most talkative. Said he: "Thecouncil met, the President presided, andthe meeting lasted three hours."

A Crushing Capability. In Wentworth-by-the-Sea, N.H., retired AEC ChairmanGordon Dean asked a blunt question."Can we as a nation and can the nationsof the now free world permit the Sovietto reach the position where, if it chooses,it can completely annihilate this country?" Dean asked a convention of textilemanufacturers. "Time and the unwillingness of the free world to stop the clockcombine to give her this power . . .

"While most of the world is fast becoming aware that it cannot afford war,all of the world is aware that wars cannotbe effec t ive ly fought by any countrywhose hands are tied behind its back andthat aggressions cannot be crushed without the employment of the most crushingweapons . . . Russia has the capabilitytoday to hurt us badly, and . . . withintwo years she will have the capability tovirtually destroy us if she moves first.Since we have consistently underestimated the Russians, let's call it one year-- not two."

T H E P R E S I D E N C YW h i t e H o u s e R e o c c u p l e d

Critical problems were piling up, urgentquestions waited for answers, but DwightEisenhower was calmly readjusting himself to life in the White House. At measured pace, he proceeded through a weekwhich ranged from reviewing the nation's

defense needs to enjoying his grandchildren.

24

Back from vacation (and a speechmak-ing trip in Massachusetts), Ike droppedin on the organizational meeting of hisCommission on Foreign Economic Policy.A way must be found, he told the group,to "develop new markets for our greatproductive power and at the same timeassist other nations to earn their own living." Chairman Clarence Randall laterdeclined to speculate on how this challenging goal might be achieved. "For afellow with a loud mouth," he said, "you'dbe surprised how tight I can keep it."

Out on the lawn by the White Houserose garden, the President was at hisspontaneous best. Members of the U.S.Committee for United Nations Day stoodhushed as they heard his simple avowal offaith in the U.N. : "Where every new invention . . . seems to make it more nearlypossible for man to insure his own elimination from this globe, I think the UnitedNations has become sheer necessity."

Ike reached into his wartime memoriesfor an object lesson to the Committee onEmployment of the Physically Handicapped. He had once asked for a certainmajor general to be placed in command ofa corps. He was told the man could notpass medical requirements. Replied General Eisenhower: "Please send this manr ight away quickly. I t ' s his head andheart I want." Ike got his officer (who,although not identified by the President,was Troy Middleton), and he "fully metevery expectation I had of him."

The crushing problem of national defense was the subject at both the Cabinetmeeting and the lengthy session of the National Security Council (see above). Butduring his off-hours, the President foundtime to visit his grandchildren, dodging themodel planes which air-minded David, 5,

* Getting ready to speak. Stepping on to plat

form: Press Secretary James C. Hagerty. Center:Massachusetts' Senator Leverett Saltonstall.

sent zooming around the room; admiringthe doodles which filled the drawing booksof Barbara Anne, 4, and delighting in thebaby tricks of Susan, 21 months.

Last week the President also:<| Named Bryce Harlow, 37, former Oklahoma City textbook publisher, as chiefpresidential speechwriter in place of Emmet J. Hughes, who resigned to returnto the editorial staff of LIFE.C| Revived the Point Four Program's policy steering committee, inactive since lastNovember, by appointing seven new members and continuing the tenure of fiveothers.1$ Attended the swearing-in as his liaisonman with Congress of I. Jack Martin, onet ime Taf t a ide . Grinned Ike : "Be prepared for a good long oath, because JusticeBurton really gives you the works."

F O R E I G N R E L A T I O N ST h e T o o t h b r u s h T r e a t y

In July 1951, the late Admiral ForrestSherman, then Chief of Naval Operations,slipped off quietly to Madrid to scout thechances for a military-aid pact with Spainwhich would give the U.S. the use of keySpanish naval and air bases. At that timePentagon planners, worried at the poorprogress of Western European defense,were anxious to insure a firm U.S. foothold behind the Pyrenees, in case theRussians should overrun Germany andFrance. In October 1951 with U.S. military and economic missions already activein Spain, Congress voted $100,000,000for Spanish military and economic aid.

Formal negotiations were begun sixmonths later -- but they proceeded slowly.The Sta te Depar tment and the White

House were reluctant to make any sort ofagreement with Franco Spain. Their reasons: i) the Franco government is a dictatorship; 2) a U.S. -Spanish pact "mightcause the jittery Western European alliesto think that the U.S. considered themmilitarily indefensible.

The Franco government, for its part,did not like to surrender sovereignty overany of its own military bases. Also, Spainhoped to raise the aid ante by playing coy.(Franco's hope: that the U.S. would outfit all Spain's armed forces, and re-equipthe transportation system, in return for



was a prisoner of war because of unfortunate circumstances. Other prisoners of warhad i t roughe r than I had i t . I havetalked to a great many of those men, andthere are real heroes among them . . .

"I didn't see another American fromJuly 27, 1950 to Sept. 3, 1953, and I wantyou to know wha t i t means to be anAmerican. It's something more valuablethan anything else you have. And get it

out of your head tha t I 'm a hero. I 'mnot. I'm just a dog-faced soldier."Under the photofloods, Dean showed

the marks of his ordeal. The brown h airhis family knew had faded to frosty grey.

Help WantedSince las t July, Admira l Arthur W.

Radford and the Joint Chiefs of Staffhave been making a new assessment of theU.S. armed forces. Last week, their delibera t ions a lmost over , they found oneproblem more pressing than others. Theproblem: manpower.

Because of low birth rates in the De

pression years, the number of young menavai lable for the draf t each year hasshrunk to 1,100,000, of whom roughly850,000 can meet physical and mentalstandards. To keep up the present U.S.military force of 3,500,000 -- made upprincipally of two-year enlistees, 1,000,-ooo new men are needed annually.

The rate of re-enlistments in the Regular Army had dropped to 6.1% by December 1952. Current re-enlistment ratesin all three services are far below requirements. The Navy and the Air Force in thepast have filled their vacancies with four-year volunteers -- since many men of draftage preferred four years at sea, or in the

air to two Army years, which might include combat infantry service in Korea.With Korean infantry service now doubtful, U.S. draftees find two-year terms ofservice more attractive.

It is hard to find enough good officers.The rate of resignations from the U.S.Military Academy was 12% in 1952 --double the 1950 figure. Out of 810 navalR.O.T.C. college graduates, educated atNavy expense and eligible this year forregular commissions, only 10% applied.Said former Joint Chiefs Chairman OmarBradley, at a congressional hearing lastJuly: "If you removed today the prohibition against resigning from the [Regular]

service, I think you would find a whol eflock of resignations coming in."

Why They Want Out. One reason forthis state of affairs is full employment.Even in 1946 and 1947, the uncertainties of civilian life kept much good officerand N.C.O. material in uniform. In thelast few years, however, almost no civilianhas wanted for some kind of employment.Wages in manufacturing industries haverisen to 270% of 1940 wage scales. Military pay during the same period has hadno such rapid increase.

Among other specific reasons for notentering the U.S. armed forces or stayingin them:

JOB SECURITY. The man in the servicetoday is a pawn in t he murky chessboardmaneuvers of Congress and the servicesheads, continually changing the size, shapeand pattern of the armed forces. A 20-year pension plan, which induces a man torejoin the service, might be rescinded theyear after he comes in. An officer who hasspent most of his professional life in somebranch of specialized research is apt to findthat Congress or the Defense Departmenthas scrapped his whole branch overnight.

THE RESERVES. Reservists and NationalGuardsmen, who should be a constantsource of Regular Army material, were unjustly handled during the Korean emergency, because of badly organized reserve

2 5

the base rights.) Complained a Spanishdiplomat: "You Americans outfit the restof the world with wardrobes, but for usyou have only a toothbrush."

This year, the new Administration inWashington decided that 20 months is along time to wait for a treaty. Ambassador James Dunn arrived in Madrid inApril with orders from Secretary of StateDulles to get a pact signed. The Spaniards, meanwhile, had realized that theyhad best be content with what aid theycould get, since bolstered NATO forcesmade Spain less important as a defensiveposition in 1953 than it was in 1951.

Last week Dunn and Spanish ForeignMinister Alberto Martin Artajo signed a20-year defense agreement, with accompanying economic and military assistancepacts. The U.S. will give Spain $226,000,-ooo, already appropriated by Congress,in military and economic aid. In return,the Spaniards give U.S. armed forces theright to use and develop certain Spanishbases. Their probable locations: air basesnear Madrid, Barcelona and Seville ; naval

facilities at the Atlantic port of Cadiz,the Mediterranean port of Cartagena.

A R M E D F O R C E SHome Is the Harabaj i

Borne on a friendly tail wind, the big,potbellied C-97 reached the Californiacoast nearly an hour ahead of schedule.The pilot radioed ahead for instructions,and the word came back: slow down. Bythe time the plane touched ground atTravis Air Force Base and taxied into thetelevision and newsreel lights one nightlast week, everything was in readiness.Air police tried to hold back a cheering

crowd of 500. As soon as the ramp waslowered, a beaming woman hurried up intothe outstretched arms of her husband.There, in the relative privacy of the bigplane, Major General William F. Deana n d h i s w i f e e m b r a c e d . W h e n t h e yemerged, smiling, a few moments later,the crowd broke ranks and surged aroundthem. The most famed prisoner of theKorean war was home at last.

In the confusion of the flashbulbs andthe frenzied greetings, two-year-old Robert Dean Williams was shoved into thearms of the grandfather he had neverseen. The child started to cry. There weretearful hugs from the general's 73-year-

old mother, his daughter and other relatives. Someone in the swarming crowdplucked a silver star from his shoulder,and by the time he was led to the waitingroom of the terminal for a press conference, Dean looked bewildered and happy.

A Challenge for Rocky. As he facedthe press, General Dean seemed to havesome trouble keeping his emotions undercontrol. "I'm overwhelmed by this welcome," he said in a halting voice. "I thas been a great surprise to me to havethis accorded me at every stage of my tripfrom Panmunjom to my final destination,my home." Then his thin voice took on aparade-ground tone. "I want a few things

understood," he said. "I was not a hero. I

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

U n i te d P re s s

GENERAL WILLIAM DEAN & GRANDSONJ u s t a d o g - f a c e .

A deep tan could not cover his haggardP.W. look. But he had a quick smile forthe welcomers. "I feel like a million dollars," he said. "I almost sent a challengeto Rocky Marc iano, I fee l so good."

A Cable for Rhee. Afterward, Deandrove to his hillside home in Berkeley,which he had never seen, with his sleepinggrandson on his lap. Next morning, thegeneral ate breakfast in his patio and received a procession of reporters and relatives. Occasionally a feminine voice -- hiswife's or daughter's -- called from the win

dow to ask whether he wanted bacon orsausage with his eggs, or what he wantedto do with his laundry. His two grandchildren crawled in his lap, and he tried toteach young Dean Williams to call him"harabaji," which is Korean for "grandpa."

Later, there was a family party at hismother's and a big welcome from the citizens of Berkeley. At week's end, Dean gotoff a cable to Syngman Rhee, asking clemency for the two South Koreans under indictment for betraying him to the Communists, and began to answer a three-footstack of mail -- most of it from parents ofsoldiers still listed as missing in action.For the hero of Taejon, it was the end of

a long and harrowing journey.



records. Men with large families and promising careers found themselves suddenlyfighting in Korea, while unmarried students or young married men of draft agegot easy deferments. Tens of thousands ofreservists, exasperated by' this system,have severed their connections with allreserve programs.

NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS. In a bygone day, Army sergeants and Navy chiefpetty officers were important men, thebackbone of their services. Now there areserious shortages of N.C.O.s in all theservices. One reason: the importance oftheir rank has been steadily watered down.In their desire to reward technical specialists and keep men re-enlisting, the

B e r t E m m a n u e l

CAMPAIGNER FERGUSON & CONSTITUENTS*On five Democratic Senate seats, a covetous eye.

armed forces have passed out ratings fartoo liberally. Moves to "democratize" theservices have also reduced the N.C.O.s'authority. With the resultant loss of respect for noncommissioned rank, manyveteran N.C.O.s quit in disgust.

Solut ions? A Pentagon commit tee ,headed by Rear Admiral John P. Womble,is now at work trying to recommend somepolicy steps for solving the armed forcesmanpower problem. Among their suggestions: more pay and the retention of oldperquisites, such as commissaries; a consistent personnel policy with unchangingl imits for pens ions and re t i rement; agreater effort, from the top down, to enforce discipline and give troops strongerleadership -- pride in a military unit isoften a good substitute for big pay in ablanket factory.

Another high-level suggestion: increasethe enlistment bonus from the present$600 top to $1,500-$2,000. It takes about$14,600 to bring a raw recruit into one ofthe services and train him properly. Onetrained man with a bonus of $2,000, re-

enlisted, theoretically puts the U.S. Government $12,600 to the good.

26 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

POLIT ICAL NOTESSenate Prospects

The present division of the U.S. Senate (47 Republicans, 47 Democrats andWayne Morse) pleases nobody exceptWayne Morse. With elections to be heldnext year for the places now occupied by13 Republicans and 21 Democrats, planners of both parties are busy figuring outways & means to win control of the Senate. The G.O.P. has a covetous eye on theSenate seats of five Democrats: Illinois'Douglas, Iowa's Gillette, Delaware's Frear,Montana's Murray and Minnesota's Humphrey. Democrats have marked four Republicans for defeat : Michigan's Ferguson,

Kentucky's Cooper, California's Kucheland Massachusetts' Saltonstall.

Targets for Democrats:<I Homer Ferguson : A few months ago,Democrats were confident of toppling Ferguson. Now they are not so sure. Fence-mending his way through 46 of Michigan's83 counties, he has dropped his ponderous,fault-finding manner and shown friendlyskill as a campaigner who appears at wedding receptions, fraternal meetings and

county fairs.<I John Sherman Cooper : About as popular as a Republican can be in Kentucky,the courtly Cooper last year carried astate that Ike lost. But he will be in deeptrouble if Alben Barkley decides to run(TIME, Sept. 14).<1 Thomas H. Kuchel : An appointee ofGovernor Earl Warren, Kuchel is littleknown and is skeptically regarded by hisparty's conservative wing in California.<I Leverett Saltonstall: As chairman ofthe Senate Armed Services Committee,Saltonstall has little time for politicking

* P a t r i ck A U 'en H eck and b r i de , daugh t e r o fMichigan's Secretary of State Owen Cleary.

back home. But he campaigned hard thissummer, and Democratic chances are fading in Massachusetts.

Targets for Republicans:< | Paul H. Douglas : Having annoyedmany Illinois liberals by his economystand, freewheeling Paul Douglas will needall the help he can get.<I Guy M. Gillette : In a state which went64% Republican last year, his situation isshaky. Representative Thomas E. Martinis seeking Iowa's G.O.P. nomination.tj J . Allen Frear: Unimpressive in theSenate, Frear may pull through on hiscampaigning in Delaware.<I James E. Murray : Montana Republicans always think -- so far, wrongly -- theyare going to beat Murray.<J Hubert H. Humphrey: Minnesota 'sbest potential G.O.P. candidate, Representative Walter H. Judd, is backing awayfrom a Senate race against fast-talking,New Dealing Humphrey, whose chancesare improving.

In Ohio, Robert A. Taft Jr . is beingurged to try for his father's place, now

vacant. But Democratic Governor FrankLausche would be a rugged opponent evenfor a Taft. It would be an ironical twistof politics if the G.O.P. were to lose theSenate by dropping the seat once held byMr. Republican.

LABORT h e W a r D a n c e r s

"What's the atmosphere there in St.Louis?" Vice President Dick Nixon asked,just before he set out on behalf of President Eisenhower last week to try a charm-and-pacification job on the delegates tothe American Federation of Labor con

vention."Cool," said Acting Labor Secretary

Lloyd Mashburn.Nixon then asked an odd ques t ion:

"Why?""You know as well as I do," Mashburn

bluntly replied. The answer was indeedobvious -- the delegates were sore and suspicious over the resignation of their fellowunionist, Pipefitter Martin Durkin, as Secretary of Labor. They preferred to believethat Durkin was speaking the truth whenhe said that the President had gone backon an explicit face-to-face promise to recommend 19 changes in the Taft-Hartleylaw. Addressing the convention, the ex-

Secretary had spoken softly, even admiringly, of Eisenhower, but he had plainlyimplied that he considered Ike's denialof his accusation a lie . He cited threemain points:

1) The 19 proposed amendments, hesaid, were not a rough working draft, asthe Administration argues, but had actually been on their way to Congress in finalform on the very day Senator Robert A.Taft died.

2) Though it was decided to hold backthe amendments out of deference to theSenator, and though the Wall Street Journal subsequently set off a wave of criticismfrom U.S. industry by publishing them,the President personally assured him on



*%%*** f ft w*r<.

'Snow THE BOYS IN "N e w a r k E v e n i n g N e w s

own remarks to f ive minutes of reminiscence.

Decontamination Squad. Not since1935, when John L. Lewis took a swing atthe carpenters' Bill Hutcheson, had anA.F.L. convention turned out so muchbanner news. And it did not stop withcelebrities or the delegates' belligerent reaction to the Eisenhower-Durkin split.With George Meany as president, the federation had a strong hand at the helm forthe first time since gentle old Bill Greentook office in 1924; and for the first time

in many decades, it set out to clean upits own house.Ambitious Teamster Chieftain Dave

Beck leaped into a decontamination job,throwing Joseph P. Ryan and his gangster-ridden International Longshoremen's As-

sociation out of the federation at long last,and setting up a new A.F.L. union to wrestcontrol of the New York waterfront.

Beck, President Meany, and Paul Hall,East Coast big wheel of the SeafarersUnion -- all members of a five-man committee which is to run the new waterfrontunion -- made it plain that they intendedto make the I.L.A.'s expulsion stick. Andit was obvious, even as old Joe Ryan wasgobbling his last "heavy-hearted" wordsof protest into a microphone on the convention floor, that the Hudson River piers

would not be reformed without a battle.In New York, tough I.L.A. satraps begana desperate effort to renew the union'scontract (which is due to expire this week)by reducing their demand for a 50^ -an-hour wage increase to 10^.

Words -- and Muscle. New York waterfront employers seemed on the point ofgoing along. But the A.F.L. acted fast todeny Ryan's union the new contract -- andits present position as bargaining agent.Beck asked Governor Tom Dewey to exertevery influence to keep the employersfrom signing; the A.F.L. executive council asked "federal, state and city authorities" and "responsible citizens" to swing

their weight against a "collusive" contract.At the same time, gangs of muscular,

white-capped A.F.L. sailors took morepractical action. Armed, the I.L.A. protested, with jack handles, two-by-foursand crowbars, they invaded Brooklyn piersdominated by Longshore Boss Anthony("Tough Tony") Anastasia, and stoodsignificantly by while speakers promisedprotection for all dockworkers who deserted to the new union. The employers,at least temporarily, took a standoffishattitude toward the I.L.A. At week's end,as the A.F.L. convention broke up in St!Louis, New York and New Jersey copswere hurriedly preparing for trouble e»the docks.

Aug. 19, Durkin said, that the leak wouldmake no difference in his attitude.

3) On Sept. io, the President "informedme that he had changed his position . . .and could no longer go along with the 19amendments."

The Silent Treatment. The delegatesapplauded Durkin vociferously and prepared, almost to a man, to enjoy dislikingthe Vice President. When Nixon steppedout of an Air Force plane at St. Louis,not a soul from the A.F.L. was on hand togreet him. Next morning, when he walkedto the speaker 's platform in the GoldRoom of the Jefferson Hotel, not a soulapplauded. Though there was a perfunctory scattering of handclaps later, when hebegan to speak, hundreds of delegatessimply sat and looked at him. But if Nixonrealized at this point that he had entereda lion's den, he seemed buoyed by a trulyDaniel-like confidence.

He began by speaking of his "goodfriends" in the ranks of labor. He praisedthe "splendid . . . aggressive leadership"of A.F.L. President George Meany. "Then

down at this table in front of me," he wenton, "I see another good friend, MartinDurkin . . . We are going to miss MartinDurkin in Washington. I am sure Mrs.Nixon will agree with me [that] we aregoing to miss Mrs. Durkin . . . one of themost gracious ladies ever to be in Washington." This made scant impression, however, if only because the delegates knewwhat Nixon apparently had failed to realize -- that the Durkins have lived in Washington for years and still do.

An Angry Murmur. "If, at the conclusion of this Administration's first fouryears in office, the American people conclude it has served the greedy few." Nixon

cried, "[it] will lose the next election andit will deserve to lose." A burst of derisivelaughter swept the hall. The delegatesgrew even more hostile as the Vice President set out to explain the controversybetween Eisenhower and Durkin as a "misunderstanding" between two "honorablemen." The President, Nixon stated, "hasnever been guilty of breaking his solemnlygiven word on anything." An angry murmur rose as he said: "I trust him and Ithink the American people indicated thatthey trust him by [their] overwhelmingvote . . ."

But the delegates swallowed their irascibility completely when Secretary of

S t a t e J o h n F o s t e r D u l l e s m a d e a nappearance. Received with surprisingwarmth, he said: "You have done morethan any other single body to explode theCommunist myth. In this matter thereshould be closer partnership between us"-- and got a ringing round of applausewhen he finished.

It was a big-name convention. Ex-President Harry Truman attended too, and wasgiven an uproarious reception -- although hepaid for it. Long-winded A.F.L. AncientMatthew Woll and other speakers, whopreceded him at a memorial service for thefederation's former president, WilliamGreen, talked for more than an hour.

Truman listened restively, and limited his

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Franc is Mi l le r -- L IFE

A.F.L. PRESIDENT MEANY

For Ike, an angry murmur.



that America had grown too fast, toocoarsely, too muscularly . . .

"We can now assert that this historicalattitude was erroneous. The nation grewnone too fast. We can see today that allits wealth, all its strength, were needed tomeet a succession of world crises -- and westill dwell in a crisis era. Had we appliedrestrictions to keep our economy small,tame and pure, we would have lost thefirst World War. Had the United States

not possessed the mightiest oil industry,the greatest steel industry, the largest automotive factories . . . and the most ingenious working force in the world, wewould indubitably have lost the secondWorld War. Were we significantly weakertoday in technical skills, in great millsand factories and the scientific knowledgewhich gave us priority with the atomicbomb and hydrogen bomb, all Western

He was towing several inflated rubberbags. When the officer shouted at him, theswimmer dived and escaped. Inspectorswho got the bags out of the water foundthat they contained American tool bits,of a type in great demand in CommunistChina. The Communist frogman had hopedto attach them to the ferry's hull, for thejourney out of Hong Kong's territorialwaters. After that, smuggling them intoRed China would have been easy.

Barely a week later, Italian finance police picked up a California-born Italiancitizen named Walter Rava in a small cafein Milan. He was arrested for forging anItalian government import certificate for5,000 tons of Chilean copper. Rava waspart of a gang, headed by the Rumaniancommercial attache in Bern, Switzerland,which specialized in getting control ofstrategic materials sent to Europe, supposedly destined for Western Europeanbusinessmen. Once the goods arrived, theywere smuggled behind the Iron Curtain.

Rava and the Chinese swimmer, each inhis own way, were part of an international

Communist drive to get strategic goodsfrom the West. The British revenue officers and the Italian police were part of aneffort by the free world governments tostop the Red smuggling. This week theU.S. economic experts who direct thiseffort published their third formal progress report, over the signature of ForeignOperations Director Harold E. Stassen.Their conclusion : controls on strategic materials exports to the Communists haveconsiderably tightened.

Pressured Aluminum. The commandcenter of the long economic fight againstCommunism is Washington's EconomicDefense Advisory Committee, representing

eleven government agencies, ranging fromthe Department of Agriculture to theAtomic Energy Commission. EDAC reports to Director Stassen, who is chargedwith administering the Battle Act. Thislaw, passed in 1951, forbids U.S. aid toany country which knowingly permitsgoods on the U.S. embargo l is t to beshipped behind the Iron Curtain.

By the nature of their mission, EDACand its agents overseas have to conductmost of their operations in secret. It helpsno one but the Communists, for instance,to publicize the kind of pressure used toblock a shipmerit of aluminum from goingto a Communist country. As a result, the

gaps in the control system are far morewidely known in the U.S. than its successes. Total exports by the NATO countries to Russia, the European satellites andCommunist China dropped from $1,269,-700,000 worth in 1947 to $449,900,000 in1952.

The U.S., as the EDAC report makesclear, cannot make its allies cut out tradein nonstrategic materials with the Communist bloc. EDAC's economic warriors,however, have tried to persuade otherfree world businessmen, and their governments, that trade with the Communistswill not bring the rosy economic futurewhich the Reds promise. Principal reason:Communist planners, intent on getting

2 8 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 B 3 t

T H E E C O N O M YHigher Cost o f L iv ing

The U.S. cost of living went up again inAugust, reaching the highest peak yet. TheBureau of Labor Statistics reported lastweek that its index (1947-49 = 100) increased from 114.7 in mid- July to 115 inmid-August, with meat, rent and increasedNew York City subway fares accountingfor much of the rise (fresh vegetables,

home furnishings and women's clothingdeclined a bit). In news accounts of theB.L.S. report, such headline phrases as"new high" tended to obscure the factthat over the past year the retail pricelevel has changed very little: in August1952, the index stood at 114.3.

OPINIONNo Need to Apologize

With the changing generations, historians alter their interpretations of pastevents. Historian Francis Parkman, writing in the 18505, thought of the westward

movement in the U.S. as the s tory ofman's impact on nature. Frederick J. Turner, writing 50 years later, saw pioneeringas the origin of U.S. individualism. Amodern U.S. historian, Columbia University's Allan J. Nevins (The Ordeal of theUnion), speaking in Dearborn, Mich, tothe Society of American Archivists, discussed some added meanings of the modern era in U.S. history -- "the emergenceof America to the leadership of the Western world." Said Historian Nevins :

"My own guess is that this great development . . . will in some fashion beconnected, by future interpreters, with theadvent of an age of mass action, mass

production and mass psychology in American life. From being one of the mostunorganized, the most invertebrate of nations in 1860, we have grown into themost powerfully and efficiently organizedpeople on the globe . . . Our thinking in1864 was still individual thinking. Todayit is largely mass thinking, shaped andcolored by mass media of unparalleled andsometimes dismaying potency . . . Ournational outlook, once that of the individualistic pioneer, has become a socialoutlook. Without this pervasive internalchange, our new position in the worldwould have been impossible.

"The striking shift in our character and

our world position in the last half-century, of course, has some direct results,already visible, in our interpretation ofhistory . . . The apologetic atti tude ofthe years of the Great Depression is gone.We can henceforth be more confident andmore energetic in asserting that our wayof life, called decadent by our enemies,has proved itself historically to be freer,more flexible and more humane than anyother . . .

"In the past, our historians were apologetic about our love of the dollar, ourrace to wealth, our interest in materialobjects . . . Our writers in general -- forour historians but followed the poets, thenovelists and the dramatists, intimated

A l f re d E ls e n s ta e d t - - P lx

W O R L D T R A D EC l o a k & D a g g e r E c o n o m i c s

On the night of May 13, 1953, a Britishrevenue officer in Hong Kong, watchingthe midnight sailing of the Hong Kong-Macao ferry, spotted a man swimming inthe dark water alongside the ferry's hull.

HISTORIAN -NEVINSlameness does no t bu i ld c iv i l i za t ion .

Europe would be cowering -- we ourselveswould perhaps be cowering -- before theknout held by the Kremlin. The architects of our material growth -- the menlike Whitney, McCormick, Westinghouse,Rockefeller, Carnegie, Hill and Ford -- willyet stand forth in their true stature as

builders of a strength which civilizationfound indispensable.

"It will yet be realized that the industrial revolution in the United States camenone too soon, and none too fast, andthat the ensuing mass-production revolution, as yet so little understood by Americans , was not born a day too ear ly."



economic self-sufficiency inside the IronCurtain, are interested in Western manufactures only until they can make theproducts themselves. While businessmenselling to the Communists may make fastshort-term profits, they make their countries dangerously vulnerable to futureCommunist pressures when the Reds resume their old practice of using trade asa political weapon.

Precluded Kerosene. Since 1951, whenthe U.N. General Assembly embargoedarms and war material shipments to Communist China, the U.S. economic warriorshave concentrated on widening the list ofprohibited goods in other countries. Tocut down free world exports to Red China,EDAC and its overseas agents are alsoconstantly negotiating with free worldcountries to adopt more stringent inspection systems on shipping under their control. Using its exchange power as a lever,the U.S. tries to find alternative marketsfor countries which would like to sell toChina. As a last resort, EDAC's cloak &dagger economists have used "preclusive

buying," i.e., outbidding the Communistsfor China-bound goods. Early this year,in this way, the U.S. kept a shipment ofRumanian aviation kerosene from reaching a Chinese port.

For the first few months of 1953, according to EDAC's report, controls onstrategic goods tightened, e.g., in MarchBritain agreed to establish a tougherlicensing system for British ships in theChinese trade (TIME. March 16). Butshipments of nonstrategic goods, as a result of the Korean armistice negotiationsand Red China's sudden eagerness to tradewith the West, are almost 50% heavierthan they were at this time last year. If

the armistice sticks, the U.S. faces heavypressure from foreign businessmen to cutdown EDAC's embargo list, or abandonit altogether.

2 9

U n i te d P re s sGOVERNOR DEWEY

The f ingerpr in t s were wanted .

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 . 1 9 5 3

N E W Y O R KYonkers Doodle

Until a decade ago, harness racing wasa minor, pastoral sport, largely confinedto county fairgrounds and camp-towntracks. Then the trotters were broughtto the big city, presented to the racingpublic at night in big, new floodlightedtracks, and built up to a major sportingenterprise. Today harness racing is a $430million-a-year business, the fastest-growing spectator sport in the U.S. With somuch money and public interest, it wasalmost inevitable that the bumpkin sportwould catch the eye of big-city racketeers.Las t week in New York , a s a ma jorharness-racing scandal unfolded, GovernorThomas E. Dewey ordered an investigation of racketeering at the raceways.

The trouble centered around YonkersRaceway, the nation's leading harnesstrack, where million-dollar nights at theparimutuel windows are commonplace, andspectators outnumber the fans at EbbetsField.

Last August, Labor Boss Thomas F.Lewis was murdered outside his Bronxapartment by a hired gunman who waskilled, in turn, by a policeman. Lewiswas president of Local 32-E of the A.F.L.'sBuilding Service Employes' Union, whichhad free rein at Yonkers Raceway.

Trouble Insurance. Lewis, i t turnedout, had run Yonkers Raceway as thoughhe owned it. The management meeklyagreed to hire hoodlums and ex-convictsbrought in by Lewis and ignored the statelaw requiring sworn affidavits outliningtheir backgrounds. In the three yearsthat Yonkers Raceway has been operating,the management also shelled out $165,000

to four labor "troubleshooters." The payoffs were made to prevent "labor disturbances" which might close the track.

Press and public clamored for the answers to two questions: i) Why had theNew York State Harness Racing Commission done nothing about the violationof the regulations? and 2) Who were theowners who submitted to Lewis' dictatorship? As the storm swirled up the Hudsonto Albany, Governor Dewey acted promptly. First, he suspended the license of theYonkers track (which was scheduled toopen a 42-night fall meeting this week)until all 1,200 employees had submittedfingerprints and required statements.

Penny's Ante. The names of some ofthe owners of the Yonk ers Raceway,meanwhile, were made public. Head of theYonkers Trotting Association and ownerof all voting stock is William H. Cane, 79,sportsman who built Boyle's Thirty Acresin Jersey City (scene of the Dempsey-Carpentier "Battle of the Century") andpromoted the Hambletonian at his Go-shen, N.Y. track as the nation's top annual harness race. Other stockholdersincluded J. Russel Sprague, G.O.P. national committeeman, boss of Long Island'sNassau County and close friend of Governor Dewey; Dr. Richard Hoffman, best

known as Frank Costello's psychiatrist;and Mrs. Jeanne Weiss, daughter of the

A s s o c i a t e d P r e s sSTOCKHOLDER SPRAGUE

The payments were de fer red .

late Democratic bigwig, Irwin Steingut.Sprague got his 4,000 shares of Yonkers

stock from Norman Penny, another LongIsland Republican leader, in a unique time-payment plan. The 1950 sale price was $20a share; Sprague 's dividends were $6 ashare the first year, $8 a share the second.He completed payments in the spring of1953- When the scandal broke, the stockwas worth about $100 a share.

This week, as Dewey's investigatorsgot to work on the Yonkers mess, the NewYork World-Telegram and Sun trottedout another scandal, this one at Roosevelt

Raceway on Long Island. Labor bosses,the paper said, have been milking the paychecks of track employees for $345,000a year; every Friday night, Roosevelt employees who wanted to keep their jobshastened to a bar in nearby Hempsteadand forked out cash tribute to the racketeers.' Some of the payments went fortickets to clambakes, but the rest of themoney was simply handed over with noquestions and no explanations.

Owner of the bar is William De Koning,onetime A.F.L. power and close friend ofGeorge Morton Levy, head of the Roosevelt Raceway. In 1951, Levy admitted tothe Kefauver commit tee tha t he pa idFrank Costello $60,000 over a four-yearperiod to keep bookmakers out of theRoosevelt track. De Koning, it developed,is a capitalist of some dimensions as wellas a big union man; he owns approximately $300,000 worth of stock in the Roosevelt and Yonkers tracks, has admittedyearly incomes as high as $125,000. DeKoning resigned last May as chief ofLong Island's construction unions, butcontinued as the unofficial labor leader atRoosevelt Raceway.

Immediate reaction to the Long Islandrevelations was a chorus of denial fromthe Roosevelt management and a flurry

of subpoenas from the Nassau Countydistrict attorney's office.



NEWS IN PICTURES

PILFERING COP: PatrolmanHarold C. Smith, 41, wi th 14yea rs on Cleve land fo rce , i scaught by newsphotographe r( snapping p i c tu re s f rom wind o w a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t ) a s h er i f les a parking meter ( lef t ) .

D e t e c t i v e s , t i p p e d o f f b y r eporter, close in to make arrest.


SEAFARER'S NIGHTMARE: Passengers aboardFrench l iner l ie de France crowd to ra i l ing ascrewmen of Liberian-flag freighter Greenville,

smashed in howling Atlantic gale, abandon thest r icken vessel to storm. l ie de France sa i lors,fighting 20-ft . waves, rescued 24 of 26 in crew.

SHUTTERBUG'S DELIGHT: Fireworks and 1,000 f lashbulbsl ight up Chicago's Museum of Science and Indust ry for 3,000local camera fans who shot pic ture on cue from loudspeaker .

REWARDED MOTHER: Mrs.Anne Spada, 29, who reachedfinals of Mrs. America beautyc o n t e s t b u t w i t h d r e w t o b ewith nine chi ldren and plant-f o r e m a n h u s b a n d , e n j o y s r e

ward of unsel f ishness: a f reeF lor ida vaca t ion g iven by resort owners for whole family.



U n i te d P r



I N T E R N A T I O N A Luties and hoped that "you will find theroad completely cleared of problems . . ."But he brought up the problem of Trieste(TIME, Sept. 21); the French delegationworried about France's claims in the Saar;the Dutch wanted to talk about tradebarriers; only the Germans seemed keenon the real purpose of the meeting: toframe a political constitution for Europewith "as strong a supranational authorityas possible." Once accepted, the politicalauthority would be nourished by the European coal-steel pool (already in operation), and defended by the long-plannedsix-nation European Army.

rope last week was making faster progresstowards it than it had in all of a year.EDC -- the scheme to get the Germansinto uniform on the s ide of th e Westwithin the straitjacket of a European Defense Community -- had risen from its supposed deathbed. Euro Blank, the embryonic Defense Ministry of West Germany,casually let it be known that 105,000 volunteers are ready to don European Armyuniforms; to prove that the Ruhr can armthem (a point that has been proved before). German industrialists staged animpressive display of military trucks andsignals equipment . Another Germangroup even offered to show France how tobuild homes more quickly.

Such activity east of the Rhine, thoughdramatic evidence of Germany's astonishing comeback, did at least as much harm asgood. The No. i obstacle to EDC is Frenchfear of German arms; the more eager theGermans are to have them, the less willing

are the French to let them have them."Chancellor Adenauer is a man of highconscience," said Edouard Herriot, President of the French National Assembly, ina bitter speech last week. "But he is therefor four years, and the treaty we are askedto sign is for 50 years." A German countered: "We are asked to solve the mostdifficult and intricate problem in .history-- namely, to raise an army larger thanRussia's but smaller than France's."

Hefty Boost. To allay French fears,London, Washington and Bonn were busysearching for ways to make it easier forParis to lay the European Army treatybefore the Assembly. Konrad Adenauer

began deliberately advertising his willingness to make concessions over the disputed Saar, even though they might costhim support in the nationally mindedBundestag. Britain, which has guaranteedFrench security on five separate occasionssince 1945 ("Ever since I was a smallboy," said one bored Foreign Office man),did i t aga in. A Bri t ish minis te r , sa idWhitehall, will sit in on the debates ofEDC's governing Council of Ministers.By this formula of "association, but notmembership," the British will still be freeto withdraw their troops from Europewhenever they like; yet their move wasenough to give EDC another boost in

France. Guy Mollet, leader of the influential (105 seats) French Socialists, hintedthat a majority of his party might now bewilling to vote for ratification.

Theoretically, the help of some 80 ofthe Socialists would give Premier Laniela majority in the National Assembly forratification of EDC. But perversely, thedebate would bring down his Cabinet,which contains no Socialists but does haveseveral Gaullist ministers, all strongly opposed to EDC. The dilemma: withoutthe Socialists, who oppose his domestic

* Germany i s forbidden to bui ld weapons unt i lEDC i s r a t i f i ed , and then wi l l be r es t r i c t ed tonon-atomic ones.

32 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

C O L D W A RA s s u r anc es

The fall leaves turned gold, the swallows arrowed south, and the world 'sstatesmen came back from the beachesand the mountains to the cares of a new

season. The cares were still dismally thesame -- they had taken no vacation -- butthe atmosphere around them was changed.

Summer had begun with Moscow's peaceoffensive running full blast. Fall was beginning with stirrings which could, without much stretching, be called a Westernpeace offensive. The movement was looseand vague, but it somehow fell togetheraround one word: assurances.

In their public pronouncements and private talks, Western diplomats last weekrepeated the word again and again -- assurances that will convince Russia that theWest wants peace, assurances against renewed fighting in Korea, assurances to

quiet France's fears of reborn Germany.Britain's Winston Churchill spoke upagain for four-power talks to negotiateLocarno-type assurances between Russiaand the West. At the U.N., where U.S.Secretary of State Dulles had set the toneby recognizing Russia's right to assurancesagainst hostile encirclement (TIME, Sept.28), France's Maurice Schumann carriedthe mat te r fur ther . "No na t ion understands better than France what the haunting fear of invasion and the obsessivelonging for security can mean," said he.He turned pointedly to Russia's AndreiVishinsky. "I assure you, you will find usready to seek with you . . . a guarantee

against the modification by force of existing boundaries." Schumann also thoughthe saw hope of negotiating peace in Indo-China (see below}.

The U.N. talked of a new plan to neutralize Korea and exchange mutual assurances with the Communists against renewed aggression there. In Western Europe, allied diplomats concentrated onways to reassure hesitant France that itcan safely unite with Germany in theEDC (see below}, while France took painsto tell Russia -- as did Germany's KonradAdenauer before them -- that assurancescan be negotiated to convince Moscow ofEDC's peaceful purpose.

If all the talk meant what it seemed tomean, the West was embarked on a realeffort to test Russia at the negotiatingtables.

WESTERN EUROPEE D C W a k e s U p

The 1 6th century Villa Aldobrandini,which looks down on Rome from theQuirinal Hill, was built in the period ofEurope's Renaissance. Last week the Deputy Foreign Ministers of France, Germany, Italy *and Benelux met in its frescoed hall to map the way to a politicalrenaissance: the United States of Europe.

Italy's Premier Pella welcomed the dep


FRANCES MAURICE SCHUMANNO n e w o r d a g a i n a n d a g a i n .

Proposals. Somewhat to their surprise,the deputies did make some progress -- atleast on paper. Their tentative proposals:<J A European Assembly, elected by thedirect votes of 155 million citizens of theU.S. of Europe.CJ A European Senate, similar in functionto the Senate of the U.S. but appointed bythe Parliaments of the six member nations.CJ A Cabinet with executive powers, head

ed by a President of the United States ofEurope elected by the Senate.

To allay the fears of France (pop. 42million) that a reunited Germany (pop.65 million) might one day dominate theEuropean Assembly elections, a ceiling wasfixed above which no nation's delegationmight rise. Luxembourg (pop. 300,000)was pacified by a clause guaranteeing representation for states whose populationsare too small to elect even one memberto the supranational chamber.

Lively Issue. To most Europeans, theblueprint was one more of a succession ofvisionary goals that at best might becomereality in a generation's time. But on theeveryday level of practical politics, Eu



and the three Associated States of Indo-China.

But the biggest and most important ofthe Indo-Chinese states, Viet Nam, wasnot so easily calmed. Assured at last ofindependence from France once the Communist threat is erased, the Vietnamesewere in no mood to see their independencefall prey to a still strong and unreformedHo Chi Minh. "The only way to end the

war," said Viet Nam's Premier NguyenVan Tarn, "is to beat the Viet Minh militarily and disperse their armies . . . Negotiations would have the effect of givingthe Viet Minh an enormous advantageover us."

ican college boys returning from vacat ion. One of them spot ted a Chinesenewspaperman. "Hey, Comrade Lee," heshouted, "see you in Peking." A ChineseCommunist called: "Don't forget us!""Never!" cried another American.

The "non-repat" P.W.s had nothing tosay to the American newsmen, but Communist Correspondent Wilfred Burchettof Paris' L'Humanite busily distributed a

statement signed by all of them. "Ourstaying behind does not change the factthat we are Americans," it read. "Welove our country and our people. [But]the murder of the Rosenbergs, the legallynching ... of dozens of ... Negroes . . .

THE VAN BUREN DICKENSONS OF CRACKER'S NECK, VA."My boy wants to return home."


T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3 3 3

policies, Laniel cannot get ratification ofEDC; without the Gaullists, who opposeEDC, he cannot govern France.

Like so many French Premiers before,Laniel's solution was to play for more time."My government will ask parliament toput EDC on its agenda," he announcedlast week. But first , Foreign MinisterBidault and Chancellor Adenauer "mustexamine in common the problems con

cerning France and Germany . . ." Specifically, that meant the knotty Saar question. How long would that take? Lanieldid not know -- but it was pertinent thatboth he and Bidault are candidates tosucceed President Vincent Auriol, whosete rm ends th i s yea r . Ne i the r man i sanxious to stake his candidacy on EDC,and the betting is that both will keepquiet about it until the election is decided.

But at least -- and at last -- Paris hadpromised to put the matter before itsparliament. That fell under the headingof progress, with a small p.

U N I T E D N A T I O N S" T h e O n l y W a y "

In the customary fashion, France's Deputy Foreign Minister Maurice Schumannset out on an oratorical tour of the cold-war world one day last week from therostrum of the United Nations GeneralAssembly. Suddenly he put down for asurprise landing in Indo-China. Was itnot possible, he asked, to negotiate an endto the seven-year-old Indo-China war?

Perhaps, said Schumann, Russia andRed China would be willing to discuss anegotiated Indo-China peace at the impending Korean peace conference, or rightafter it. "Certain unofficial declarations,"

said he, "might have led to the thoughtthat the two powers which . . . inspireand arm the Vie t Minh [Communis t]rebels were disposed to consider the opening of negotiations to put an end to thewar." From France, Schumann's boss,Pre-mier Laniel, uttered similar sentiments."A strong people is not dishonored bynegotiating," said the Premier.

F i r s t word of the negot ia t ion t a lkreached Washington on the news tickers."France today offered to negotiate withthe Communists for peace in embattledIndo-China," began one dispatch. Comingas it did on top of the new U.S. decisionto double aid to the French in Indo-China,and France's promise of a vigorous newmilitary effort to beat the Reds (TIME,Sept. 28), the report shocked U.S. policymakers. "State Department officials werehopping mad," one correspondent reported. But when they read the complete textof Schumann's remarks and heard thehasty explanations of French officials, U.S.diplomats calmed down. Paris was stillsolidly behind General Henri Navarre's"We must attack" program for Indo-China, the French explained, but Paris wasalso hopeful that successful military operations might force Viet Minh Leader HoChi Minh, and his Russian and Chinesementors, to give up the war and acceptterms favorable to the Western powers

KOREATwenty-Three Amer icans

Two open, Russian-built trucks rattledsouth through Korea's demilitarized zoneto "Indian Village," collecting point forthe Korean war P.W.s who do not want togo home. Twenty-four voices rose in unison from the trucks, and the refrain of theCommunist Internationale echoed downthe narrow valley: "Arise, ye prisonersof starvation, arise, ye wretched of theearth." Just as the trucks rolled into thebarbed-wire compound, they shouted thefinal line: "The International Soviet willfree the human race." Then they raisedclenched fists in the Communist salute.

One was a Briton, 23 were Americanswho had chosen to renounce their homeland and live on the Communist side ofthe Iron Curtain. A band of U.S. newsmen silently watched the group dismount,chattering and joking with each other andlooking -- except for their faded blue P.W.uniforms -- like a bunch of crew-cut Amer-

are the best comments we can make to. . . the American tradition of freedom."

Men & Mothers. Sticking to its decision to sit on the names and addresses ofthe 23 Americans, even though Burchett'slist revealed them, the U.N. commandnevertheless riffled through its files and

pieced together a composite picture: theycome, mostly, from middle-income families, nearly all are in their 20s; manyhave high-school educations, all professone form of religion or- another. Sevencome from cities or large towns, 16 fromsmall towns, villages or backwoods communities; eleven come from Southernstates, three of them are Negroes; almostall have names that are American fromway back. Most of them were capturedin 1950, giving Communist indoctrinatorsthree years to wash their brains.

From Olympia , Wash, to For t Ann

* In the picture frame, at left: son Leonard,

serving with the Army in Germany; at right: sonEdward, who refused repatriation in Korea.



those he had he valued highly: a Parker51 pen, a Ronson l ighter , U.S. Armypants and a North Korean cap. He didnot drink, he had neither wife nor mistress. In his personal household of 20,sexual intercourse was forbidden; drunkenness, even at the "Russian dances"which Lee occasionally organized, wasforgiven three times, then ended with abullet. "Lee himself hardly spoke at all,"said Koh Sang Kyun, his aide-de-campwhom the South Koreans captured earlylast year. "He didn't run around."

In the nine weeks since th e Koreantruce was signed, the San Sonnim hascontinued to loot and pillage. Recently, aSouth Korean patrol flushed a band ofthem from hiding and killed half a dozen.Five of the corpses were barefoot but one,better clad than the rest, wore a pair oftorn tennis shoes. Last week he was identified. Seven well-aimed bullets had put anend to the studies of Lee Hyun Sang.

the air. Though the Air Force had studiedseveral MIGs part by part, this one wasthe first specimen in shape to fly.

At least as interesting as the captiveMIG was the chubby North Korean pilotwho flew it in to win General Mark Clark's$100,000 reward. Soon to be reunited withhis mother, who fled North Korea monthsago, and assured of asylum in the U.S.,Senior Flight Lieut. Noh Keum Suk toldair intelligence officers that the Communists had been busily bringing MIGs fromManchuria into North Korea ever sincemid-August. Lieut. Noh said that he himself had seen at least 80 partially cratedjets rolling south on flatcars. "We madethe armistice only to improve our militaryposition," he reported a North Koreanpolitical officer as saying. U.S. airmen,who have been picking up MIG pips ontheir radars during the last fortnight, werenot surprised. Lieut. Noh further revealedthat, during the fighting, three Communist air divisions in North Korea were entirely manned by MIG-flying Russianpilots who wore Chinese uniforms.

One U.S. airman had a tactical quest ion : Why d idn ' t the MIG p i lo t s t ryevasive tactics when U.S. Sabre jets goton the i r t a i l s ? The Nor th Korean explained that the Communist pilots preferred to hunch behind the protectivearmor at the backs of their necks ratherthan turn their vulnerable broadsides tothe Sabre-jet fire. "Whenever we turn,"he said wryly, "you kill us."

N.Y., in the places that had once beenhome to the men on Burchett's list, thereaction was the same wrenching disbelief. "We don't believe it . . ." "It justcouldn't be." "They're holding him againsthis will." In Alden, Minn., the mother ofPfc. Richard Tenneson, 21, told reporters,"If I could talk to him for ten minutes, Icould at least make a dent in that kind ofthinking." Mr. & Mrs. Van Buren Dicken-

son, the parents of Corpora l EdwardDickenson, 23, sat in stunned sadness intheir home in Cracker's Neck, Va. like astudy in American gothic. "I won't believe anything except that my boy wantsto return home," said Mrs. Dickenson.

" T o p P e r f o r m e r s . " B u t t h e A r m ydoubted that the Tennesons and the Hawkinses, the Dickensons and the otherswould see the 23 Americans soon again.U.N. officers were certain that they hadbeen picked for display because theywere "the top performers" among a largergroup of Red-held progressives.

One of them shouted across the barbedwire to an American correspondent: "Go

home, you imperialist Yankee!" It was soAmerican -- for the words came in a richSouthern accent.

The Man of Different WisdomIn the wild Chiri ("Different Wisdom")

mountains of southwest Korea, Red guerr i l la bands s t i l l maraud and plunder ,sweeping down from their lairs to ransackvillages and loot the creaky buses th atbounce along the region's rutted roads.There are at least 3,000 guerrillas, andthe villagers on whom they prey call themSan Sonnim ("Mountain Guests"). Untillast week many of them were devotedhenchmen of Lee-Hyun Sang, a plump,

mustached Marxist.Lee joined the guerrillas in 1949, a year

after most of them had deserted SyngmanRhee's army. He plodded up the mountains, muttered the proper passwords andquietly announced that the North Koreangovernment had sent him to take charge.Lee's tablets of authority were a Russiandictionary, a Russian-language history ofthe Communist Party, and a Korean history of Bolshevism. His books never lefthis side; his orders were never questioned.

Under Lee's imaginative command, theSan Sonnim wrecked thousands of SouthKorean trucks and trains. When the Communist army rolled south in 1950, heemerged from the hills and was made Redcommissar of South Chungchong province (around Taejon). He ordered massexecutions of captured South Koreans.

Later forced back to the hills, Lee became the No. i guerrilla in South Korea.Yet he himself never fired a shot. A scholar and ascetic, he studied three hours before breakfast, left his rice bowl to readhis books until noon. From lunch until 3p.m., he listened to reports, and studied.In the evenings he gave orders for thesabotage of U.S. convoys and studiedagain until precisely 8 p.m., when he laydown to sleep.

The San Sonnim looked on Lee as "agreat man." He had few possessions, but

34

A s s o c i a t

MIG PILOT NOH KEUM SUK$100,000 worth of secrets.

"You Ki l l Us"The Russian-built MIG jet fighter that

dropped onto Korea's Kimpo airport wasall crated and on its way by air transportto Ohio's Wright-Patterson field last weekwhen the U.S. Defense Department handeddown its ruling: the MIG was not a legitimate prize of war because it had been surrendered by its pilot after the armistice.The crated aircraft was grounded en route-- reportedly at Okinawa -- and the U.N.command announced that it was cancelingits offer of $50,000 reward for additionalMIGs. Furthermore, it offered to returnthis one to its "rightful owner" if theowner would step forward and p resentproof of ownership. The plane had alreadyrevealed enough secrets to compensate forthe $100,000 it cost, but the Air Force

rushed a team of test pilots and engineersto examine it and test its performance in

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Here & there last week, a chapter was

added to stories that had already madetheir splash in the news:

<I In Warsaw, Bishop Czelaw Kaczmarek,latest scapegoat in Communism's runningbattle with the church, was consigned toprison for twelve years. After two years inprison, the bishop had "confessed" to suchcrimes as treason, spying for the U.S. andthe Vatican -- more than enough to hanghim for, if he were really guilty.<J British officials in Germany paid 22,500Deutsche Mark ($5,357) damages toHans Klose, an ex-Wehrmacht privatewho was captured by the Bri t ish andturned over to the Russians for five years'imprisonment on the mistaken impression

tha t he was a former Abwehr off icer(TIME, June i). A British court whichtried Klose 's suit for mistaken arrestplaced the blame for the error squarely onthe Russians, but urged that Hans shouldbe compensated for his sufferings. SaidHans: "I am grateful . . . That they paidis proof that there is good will."<J Looking pale and wan, Russian Ambassador Anatoly Lavrentiev attended a diplomatic reception in Teheran, his firstpublic appearance since he disappearedthree weeks ago amid reports that he hadshot or poisoned himself in despair overCommunism 's ha r sh se tback in I r an(TIME, Sept. 14). Lavrentiev, said embassy spokesmen, had simply been "ill."

A d d e d C h a p t e r s

S E Q U E L S



F O R E I G N N E W S


BEVAN

Uni t y f rom d issent .

Sadovy -- LIFE

GREAT BRITAINThe Pol i t ic ians

The strongest single sentiment in Britain today is a vague and touching beliefthat the cold war might be ended if theU.S. and Russ ia could jus t be got toshake hands, like good sports, and talkthings over. Malenkov, many articulateBritons argue, may not be such a badchap at all; if only the stubborn Americans would listen to reason (preferablythe voice of the BBC), a bright new agemight dawn.

The vote-getting possibilities of thisbroad public conviction form an irresistible temptation to British politicians.Aneurin Bevan was the first to recognizethem; Churchill, his mortal foe, tappedthem in his famed Locarno speech in whichhe called for a "parley at the summit"(TIME, May 18). Yet it is a milder manthan either who most sums up this strange

new British brand of neo-neutralism in thecold war. His name is Clement Attlee.Agree & Blast. At 70. colorless Clem

Attlee is probably the most astute theorist-politician in Britain. He knows howto conquer by conceding, how to learnfrom the other fellow. Sensing the wideappeal of Churchill's demand for a BigFour conference, Attlee has made politica l capi ta l by i ) agree ing with i t , 2)blasting the Tory government for lettingthe U.S. State Department calm Sir Winston down. Last week Attlee was busywith an even cleverer move: to reunitethe feuding Labor Party and cut "Nye"Bevan down to size by taking over the

Bevanite program and making it his own.Three thousand delegates representing6,400,000 members of the Labor Partywere gathering in Margate for their 52ndannual conference. "It may be that nowand again somebody will say rather roughthings," forecast black-browed AneurinBevan before descending on Margate withhis Bevanly host. "[But] don't let anyone make any mistake . . . When we havehad our row and made up our minds, thismovement is going to be a solid, unitedmovement."

Attlee agreed, with a smile. Then hepresided over the customary meeting ofthe party's National Executive Commit

tee, whose job it is to settle on the resolutions to be laid before the party conference. Instead of watering down the fierceanti-Americanism of the Bevanite proposals (as he has often done in the past). Attlee let them stand. The council adopteda foreign policy plank which recommended that: The Peking Communists shouldbe recognized as "the effective" government of China and admitted to the U.N.(as the Tories also advocate), NationalistFormosa should be "neutralized," German rearmament should be postponed until the West makes further effort at afour-power German settlement.

When the full conference met, Attlee

turned back two Bevanite maneuvers to

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

pushed the thunderous Welshman rightoff his own front porch.

"If the jarring sects of the SocialistParty are ever to reach any common basisof agreement," commented the conservative Daily Telegraph, "it must be on thebasis of anti-Americanism. [The Laborleaders] have felt compelled to go fartherthan they may feel wise to avoid 'losingcontact with the masses.' "

Yet, for all the grave wrath of the Telegraph, the fact is that Tory foreign policydiffers from Labor's hardly at all in practice. Tory popularity has been slippingsince it reached a high-water mark at thetime of Churchill's Locarno speech, andmany Conservatives believe the only wayto recover is to outdo Labor by headingmore decisively toward neutralism. Winston Churchill himself, relaxing in the sunon the Cote d'Azur, felt it necessary thisweek to proclaim that he is willing to goto Moscow, or almost anywhere the Com

munists care to mention -- if only the Redleaders will sit down and bargain.

A N D O R R AAur io l Y . Aur io l

By a t radi t ion da t ing back to KingHenry of Navarre, France's chief of stateis ex officio co-ruler of Andorra, a tiny(pop. 5,200) feudal principality of happy,Spanish-speaking shepherds and smugglersnestling amid the peaks of the Pyrenees.This amiable sharing of rulers has notprevented Andorrans from quarreling almost continuously with their big neighborand protector to the north. Last week

they were at it again, and, as both co-Prince of Andorra and President of theRepublic of France, blinking, kindheartedVincent Auriol was in the middle.

Like Gilbert & Sullivan's Pooh-Bah, thePresident stepped over to the French sideof his office where the co-Prince could nothear him, and announced that he no longer recognized the leaders of Andorra'sCouncil of the Valleys, who governed inhis name. The Pyrenees pr inc ipa l i typromptly threatened to get even by issuing new postage stamps franked "Sovereign Republic of Andorra."

The quarrel, or this phase of it anyway, had been going on ever since the end

of World War II, when France nationalized all its radio stations, thereby erasingall paid advertising from the air. Andorrarefused to play ball. Unduly proud of itsown radio station -- "Here Here Andorra"-- and of its beautiful lady announcer,whose dulcet commercials had earnedmore than 1,000 offers of marriage forherself and many more advertisers' pesetas for her employers, it kept both working at top speed, entertaining and sellingnot only its own people but a goodly section of southwest France as well.

Charging that Andorra was reapingcommercial benefit from a purely "illusory independence," France set about jam

ming the station, and sent in technicians

35

ATTLEEConquest by concession.

make the anti-U.S. attack even blunter,then pushed through his own platformwithout trouble.

Jarring Sects. Far from forfeiting hisleadership to Bevan, Attlee had provedhe was still in command and had takenfor his own the Bevanites' -- and some ofChurchill's -- strongest appeal to the country. The two Socialists are stil l polesapart on domestic issues (e.g., further

nationalization, of which the Bevanitesmake a fetish), and Bevan is still out towin over the party from the Attlee regime, any way he can. But Attlee has



A b a d a r t

I R A N

DKahran

B a h r e i n . < /

QATAR

36 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

E r n e s t H a m l i n B a k e r

INDIATest o f Fa i th

As disciple and spiritual heir of Ma-hatma Gandhi, frail and wispy AcharyaVinoba Bhave, born to India's Brahmancaste, came to love the Untouchables. Likethe Mahatma, he called them harijans, or"children of God." As he tramped acrossIndia's countryside, exhorting landowners

to give up part of their holdings to landless peasants, the respected Bhave wouldvisit the Untouchables in their outcastdwellings, and accept food from theirhands. Slowly chipped at over the years,the Hindu practice of untouchability wasdeclared illegal in the constitution whichfree India adopted in 1949. But Bhave,like Gandhi, knew that true justice forthe Untouchables must come not fromman's laws but from man's conscience.

Last week Bhave came to the holy placeof Deoghar, in Bihar, where proud pandas(priests) stil l cling to the tradition inspite of the law. At a prayer meeting,Bhave expressed gentle regret that Untouchables were not permitted to enter

Deoghar's 1,200-year-old Temple of Baid-yanath to receive darshan, or spiritualblessing. "On the question of service anddevotion to God," he said, "there shouldbe no barr ie r ." Later , as dusk spreadacross the ancient holy grounds, Bhaveput his faith in man's conscience to test.The holy man walked silently to the temple with his disciples, among them severalUntouchables. When they neared the greatstone pile, the pandas gave the alarm.Some 50 of them, many armed with stavesand sharp canes, rushed out and set uponthe pilgrim band. Bhave calmly instructedhis disciples to sit down and accept thebeating without fighting back. One disciple was knocked unconscious, three werehurt so badly that they later went to ahospital. Bhave himself was cut severaltimes, although his followers tried to protect his 86-lb. body with their own.

Thanks & Forgiveness. Back in hiscamp, Bhave admonished his disciples tobear no ill will toward the pandas. Thenhe offered thanks for "having the blessingof the Lord in this manner." But a n a

tional cry of protest rose up across India."This stupid and brutal assault," criedPremier Jawaharlal Nehru, "brings outforcibly the degradation of those whoclaim to serve religion, and want to makeit a vested interest of their own." President Rajendra Prasad, who gave up hisBihar estates to Bhave's campaign to collect land for his landless ones (TIME, Mayu), sent a message of shame and regret.The opposition Socialist Party bitterlycriticized Bihar's Congress-dominated government for not protecting a man reveredby millions of Indians as a saint.

Quickly, the Bihar police arrested twelveof the pandas for assault, and for barring

the temple to Untouchables in defiance ofthe law. It was the first time Hindu priestshad been prosecuted for a defiance thatmany had practiced since the law waspassed. Bihar's chief minister warned theother pandas that he would lead the nextparty of Untouchables to the temple.

Alarmed and surprised by the clamor,the pandas gave way: they swung backthe temple's doors and stood by, somesilent, some muttering, while Untouchables flocked in to pray. Bhave set outonce more for the villages, leaving behindhis prayer that the pandas be forgiven."This is an age of science," said the holyman, "and every faith is being tested. If

our society keeps this in view, and behaves accordingly, all will go well."

YUGOSLAVIA"G ive Us the Job . . . "

After Tito's Yugoslavia broke fromMoscow and the Cominform in 1948, theU.S. poured into the country hundreds ofmillions in arms and war supplies. ButWestern observers could not get a look atthe results, could only wonder whetherDictator Tito's army, which won its WorldWar II fame as a ragged band of partisans,was able to handle modern weapons andmachines . A jape c ircula ted throughWestern embassies in Belgrade had it that

the slogan of the Yugoslav army was:"Give us the job, and we'll finish the tools."

Last week Tito took the wraps off someof his 300,000 troops, and the jest provedjust a jest. In Ljubljana gap, the mountaincorr idor leading f rom the Hungar ianplains to Zagreb, Rijeka and Trieste, agroup of military observers and reportersfrom six NATO nations watched while65,000 Yugoslavs maneuvered. Spruce andhigh-spirited, they were divided into an"aggressor" force and a defending forcecovering Zagreb. They maneuvered withSherman tanks, trucks, jeeps, go-mm.guns, U.S.-made F-47 fighters (World WarII's Thunderbolts) and British Mosquitoes, and they handled them with facility.

One weak spot was a battalion parachute drop; an aggressor cavalry force, ledby a saber-swinging commander, was inamong the paratroops before they gotready to fight. But on the whole, the foreigners were impressed. Said Sir JohnHarding, chief of the British ImperialGeneral Staff: "The allied program of giving weapons to Yugoslavia can go ahead."

Said Major General Charles Palmer, chiefof staff of U.S. Army Field Forces: "Theytook hold of American equipment in goodshape, even though they had some of itonly a short time."

Tito himself, driving around the maneuvers area in a U.S. jeep, was pleasedwith his t roops ' performance and byWestern praise of it. But he nostalgicallyrecalled his tough, resourceful partisanbands of World War II. "There is still arole for partisans in modern war," Titosaid. "There are two Yugoslav armies,and one of them is partisan."

T R U C I A L O M A NBlood, Sand & Oi l

For more than a year, Britain has carried on a sort of comic-opera blockadearound the oasis of Buraimi. a cluster of8,000 Arabs in mud-walled villages not farfrom the Persian Gulf. Last week theblockade abruptly lost its comic flavor.There was shooting in the desert andblood on the sand.

Fired by the belief that oil may lieunder Buraimi's sand, strong-willed old

Trouble Spot

S A U D !

A R A B I A

TIMH Map by R.M C.

HOLY MAN VINOBA BHAVEOut of man's conscience, true justice.

to build a new one. The Andorrans promptly slapped a fat import tax on all radioparts. The French countered by charging

1,000 f rancs for an exi t visa for anyFrenchman who wished to visit Andorra.Andorrans protested that the French wereruining their tourist trade.

"Relations between France and Andorracannot be broken, because Andorra is nota sovereign state," said one Quai d'Orsayofficial impatiently last week. "One of herco-Princes, the President of France, hasnow sent a message complaining that theCouncil of the Valleys has failed to ratifycertain French reforms. We are now waiting to hear what Andorra's other co-Princehas to say." The other co-Pr ince , theSpanish Bishop of Urgel, whose title goesback as far as Auriol's, said nothing. He

had only their spiritual welfare at heart,the bishop told the Andorrans. As thewords fly back & forth, Andorra's six-manpolice force and 200-man army stand by,waiting for the call to arms.



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THE SHAH OF IRAN AT PRAYERRoom for only one king in a kingdom.


trace, but there were many more to continue their work; of the 5.600 officers andmen in the Iranian air force, some 400 aresuspected of being agents of Iran's violentTudeh (Communist) party.

Unholy Alliance. In unholy alliancewith the Qashqai tribesmen and thousandsof other Iranian nationalists, the Tudehwas missing no opportunity to underminethe Shah's new pro- Western governmentand, conceivably, throw Iran back into thesuicidal grasp of old ex-Premier Mohammed Mossadegh. Artfully the Communistsbred rumors that Mossadegh would berescued from the guarded barracks roomwhere he awaits trial for treason. Theyscared much of Teheran into believing lastweek that the Qashqai in the south werepreparing to attack the capital.

Before he could begin to solve the urgent domestic and international problemsbeleaguering Iran, tough-minded PremierZahedi had to handcuff the Tudeh andtheir fanatical allies. To quell the Qashqaitribesmen (whom Mossadegh once ruledas Governor General of Fars), Zahedi stationed army tanks and troops at strategicroad junctions, mountain passes and infront of the U.S. Point Four mission in

the Qashqai territory. In Teheran, his police hacked day & night at the hard coreof the Tudeh party, some 7,000 card-carrying Communists. By this week, sixweeks after Mossadegh's fall, the new regime had:«I Raided 178 Tudeh cells, jailed 700 "suspects," exiled 181.<I Seized 150,000 Communist books, aswell as rifles, ammunition, grenades, bazookas and pistols.<I Uncovered lists of doctors, chemistsand engineers deemed trustworthy by theTudeh for such chores as the theft anduse of dynamite , s ta r t ing r iots in themosques and operating Communist radio

stations.The Tudeh , a s the a f fa i r a t Gha la

3 9

King Ibn Saud claims Buraimi as part ofSaudi Arabia; and Britain, as "protector"of Trucial Oman, claims it for a TrucialOman Sheik and the Sultan of Muscat.Since the summer of 1952, the claimantshad fought their siege with angry wordsand glowering looks. Ibn Saud sent EmirTurki Ibn Utaishan to occupy Buraimi,supposedly in answer to an appeal forprotection by the villagers. Britain countered by stationing three young officers

and a batch of Trucial Oman levies in astring of Beau Geste mud forts sprinkledaround the oasis, to harass and starve theEmir into retreat (TIME, April 27). Occasionally the British rifles would scareoff a caravan, occasionally one wouldget through to bring food to the SaudiArabians.

But recently somebody started shootingin earnest, and both sides admitted lastweek that there have been several smallbut nasty battles. The Saudi Arabiansblamed the British, reported several casualties on their side, hinted they mightthrow the debate into the United Nations.

The British insisted that Arabian caravanguards had started the shooting. The U.S.,caught in the middle as a "third party"mediator between its British allies and itsoil-owning Saudi Arabian business partners, had another small but serious trouble spot on its hands.

IRANSabotage

A major, two lieutenants and a sergeantof the Iranian air force climbed into ajeep one velvet evening last week and casually drove eight miles southwest of Teheran to Ghalamorghi air base. The major

smartly returned the sentries' salute, andthe jeep rolled to a 'large hangar. Insidewere 26 F-47 (Thunderbolt) fighters andsix armed T-6 training planes, U.S. giftsto Iran's tiny air force. The planes werealready gassed up and armed for a reconnaissance sweep over the remote provinceof Pars, where 150,000 Qashqai tribesmenare revolting against the Shah and his newPremier, Strongman Fazlollah Zahedi.

The major and his men parked theirjeep and marched into the hangar. After awhile, they reappeared, drove back to themain gate, abandoned the jeep, hailed ataxi and drove off into the night. A fewminutes later, a sentry noticed a telltale

flame shooting from the hangar. He gavethe alarm. Fire fighters found a smoldering wick leading to the fuel tank of oneof the trainer planes. The wick had beenignited by a lighted cigarette slowly burning down into a box of matches. Othermakeshift fuses led to three other T-6s.All the fuses were stopped before theyreached the planes, but 25 of the F-475had already been put out of action by thesaboteurs, who had cut their communications and wiring equipment.

The saboteurs had disappeared without

* The same crude device employed to sabotage

a Nazi munitions train in the Trzcinski andBevan play and movie Stalag 17.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

morghi air base proved, was still far fromsquelched. But in its crackdown, the newregime found it had more public backing than i t had dared to hope for . Inoverthrowing Mossadegh and calling theirShah back from his brief exile, Iraniansseemed to have given their own patriot isma bracing shot in the arm. "There is anold Iranian proverb : 'There's no room fortwo kings in a kingdom,' " one Iranianexplained. "It was either the Shah or Tudeh. And the people chose the Shah."

JAPANSelf-Defense Force

For one hour last week, in a villa bythe sea, Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshidaand Progressive Party Chief MamoruShigemitsu conferred on a measure to giveJapan new world stature as a sovereignnation. Then the two party leaders, themost influential men in Japan, issued ajoint s ta tement tha t Japan's defensesshould be strengthened, "in view of thepresent world situation, and of the risingspirit of independence among Japanesepeople." The plan:^[Japan's n0,000-man National Safety

Force, l imited by Japanese law to themaintenance of "internal order," shouldbe renamed "Self-Defense Force," andshould be built up to oppose direct foreignaggression.^f U.S. garrisons stationed in Japan underthe two-nation security pact should be"gradually reduced" as the Japanese force-- armed by the U.S. -- grows in strength.

By getting together on the program,Japan's two major political parties hurdled one of the big obstacles that hadstood in the way: the anti-rearmamentsentiments of Japanese women, who weregran ted the vo te by Japan ' s pos twar

MacArthur constitution." Neither party

dared take on by itself the political riskof going against the women.



T H E H E M I S P H E R E

40

B o b R e e d

T H E A M E R I C A SF r ie n d in N e e d

For three days this week Dwight Eisenhower, President of the most powerfulrepublic in the world, played host to thePresident of Panama, one of the world'ssmallest. In the same EUR-54, the SacredCow, that flew Roosevelt to Yalta, JoseAntonio Remon and his attractive wifeCecilia reached Washington with only afew hours to spare before a presidentialdinner in their honor. They were to spendthe night in the White House, then moveacross Pennsylvania Avenue to Blair Houseand a round of wreath-laying, receptionsand a return banquet for Ike. Next stop:New York, where President Remon, asuperheated baseball fan, hopes to look inon the World Series.

Timely Roundup. Like Ike, "Chichi"Remon, 45, is a professional soldier. Butsince Panama had no army, he had to go

abroad for his education, graduating as acavalry officer from Mexico's MilitaryCollege. Back in Panama, he entered theNational Police (the nation's only armedforce) as a captain. At U.S. invitation, helater attended the famed old cavalry schoolat Fort Riley, Kans., where he became acrack shot and a good friend of the U.S.Pearl Harbor time found Chichi in a position to do his friends of the north a goodturn; before midnight on Dec. 7, 1941 hehad smoothly rounded up every Germanand Japanese resident of Panama -- a timely precaution against sabotage of thePanama Canal.

By 1947, Colonel Remon was police

chief and Panama's strong man and President-maker. Eager for a little order in hiscountry's mercurial politics, but reluctantto become President, he patiently triedfour men in the office. Finally he decidedto run himself, campaigned hard last year,and won easily in a fair vote.

Higher Taxes. So far, Chichi Remonhas managed to be Panama's best Presidentin years. Panamanians, accustomed to seeing the public treasury drained in one wayor another by elected officials, now tellthemselves incredulously that he is "reallytrying to do something for Panama." Heraised income taxes, previously a joke, by50% in the higher brackets -- and forbade

the government to do business with anyone who could not produce a tax receipt.Now he has tackled the delicate job ofrewriting Panama's relationship to theU.S., whose flag flies over the Canal Zone.

This unique relationship was laid downin a treaty dating back to the 1903 revolution which freed Panama from Colombia.Panama remained possessor and theoretical sovereign of the Zone, but the U.S. gotthose "rights, power and authority" whichit "would possess and exercise if it werethe sovereign," in exchange for $10 million down and $250,000 a year (raised to$430,000 in 1936. when the U.S. went offthe gold standard).

What Chichi seems to want now (though

M E X I C OSometh ing for the G ir ls

Article 34 of the Mexican Constitutionused to begin: "Citizens are those maleswho . . ." Last week, after ratification bystate legislatures and formal promulgationby the Senate, the wording was deftlyamended. Article 34 now begins: "Citizensare those men and women who . . ."

The change, a campaign pledge whichPresident Adolfo Ruiz Cortines has madegood, gives women full legal rights of citizenship, notably the vote. The voting privilege will start at 21 for single men orwomen, at 18 for the married -- on theamiable theory that marriage is an indication of maturity. Only one of 40 Senatorsspoke out against the amendment. "This,"cried Aquiles ElorcLy, in a faint echo ofthe anticlericalism that used to keepMexican politics at a low boil, "hands thecountry to the church." None of theother 39 lawmakers seemed to fear thatMexico's predominantly Roman Catholicwomen would rush out to form an all-

powerful, pro-clerical party.

C A N A D ATurn of the Season

Ptarmigan were turning white , andoverhead, in the slate sky, geese were going south with the season. Ice was beginning to form in the Mackenzie River delta.At Aklavik, in the northwest corner of

Canada's Arctic backyard, men hurried tounload the last supply ship of the season.The last Arctic transients (scientists, construction workers, summer prospectors)flew upriver in a float plane, the lastscheduled flight before the freeze-up.

Even the Eskimo hunters were leaving.For weeks they had been feeding theirHuskies a rich diet of fish, getting themready for the long Arctic winter. Now itwas time to start out for the muskrat andwhite fox trapping grounds on the delta.Soon Aklavik would be all but deserted --a lonely clutter of wooden buildings, clapboard shanties and Eskimo tents perchedon a frozen mud flat.

Standards Are Different. Headquartersof the 96,000 square miles of delta andtundra in the Aklavik subdivision (permanent pop. some 250 whites, 1,000 Eskimos and 250 Indians), the little townhas an Anglican and a Catholic mission,a token naval force and an overworkedsquadron of the R.C.M.P. Social center isthe North Star Inn, northernmost hotelin the Western Hemisphere.

"Standards in my hotel are differentfrom those outside," says Marge White,the inn's buxom (245 Ib.) proprietress,who is her own bouncer. "I don't carewhat goes on if it doesn't cause a riot."

What a Man Wants. Trail's end for theArctic wanderers, the eccentrics or outcasts who drift north to escape civilization, Aklavik can infect the unwary withan almost tropical languor. Some men loseinterest in the "outside," forget to batheor change clothes, learn to live on blubberand half-cooked caribou, sometimes movein with the Eskimos. Others simply cometo cherish the quiet, sedative sameness ofthe Far North. The old-style beachcomberis a vanishing type. But even today theMackenzie delta still shelters a Britishdiplomat's son, three Oxford graduates,the Eskimo children of a British aristocrat paid to keep out of England. "We are

all fastened to the Arctic by the strongestties," said a bewhiskered remittance man."We are either devoted or desperate."

Almost dead center between Russia andthe U.S. on the shrunken maps of air-agegeography, Aklavik is also a radar station.But Canadian forces plan no expandedoutpost there. Rather than pin down expensive garrisons, Canada expects to usefast-moving airborne troops for futurenorthern defense. This suits the Aklaviksourdoughs to perfection. "I hope thenorth is always a frontier," said one old-timer as he watched the supply boat shoulder south through the ice last week. "Weneed a place where a man can still do

what he wants, when he wants."

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

CHICHI & CECILIA REMONIs the U .S. due fo r a ren t boos t?

he has not said so officially) is a fairerannual rent. Possible asking price: $1,000,-ooo, or a percentage of the canal's tolls(now running around $37 million a year).Chichi also would like the Canal Zone tocurb some of its business activities (notably, commissaries for its employees) tohelp competing Panamanian commerce.

The U.S. is undoubtedly prepared toconcede something, and delegates fromboth countries have just begun negotiat

ing in Washington. How much Panama getsin the end may depend a lot on just howtactful a pitch likable, English-speakingChichi Remon was able to make to Ikeat dinner this week.



/Flashbulb Fred the photo fiend came in the Statler

» lobby. He told the room clerk, "Hold it, Son-- photog

raphy's my hobby. I'd like to take your picture; would

you pose a moment, please? Your smile will come acrosson film if you'll just murmur, 'Cheese.'"

} When Fred was shown his Statler room he said, "Why,

'*this is swell! It's cheerful and it's spotless clean -- it

really rings the bell! That Statler bed i s super-soft --

I'm sure I'm going to love it. If you boy s just stand

over there, I'll get a picture of it."

I "Hooray!" cried Fred while in his tub. "This water's

' * good and hot ! There's lots of soap and towels, and a

good bath hits the spot. I lov e my photo darkroom,

but this bright room's even neater. It's so darn clean,reflected light is knocking out my meter!"

» The meal he had that evening was sublime in every

* way. Said Fred, "I've never had such food! That steak

was triple-A! From mushroom soup to apple pie, that

dinner suited me! Hold still while I record this scenefor all posterity."

S T AT L E RHOTELS

41

" I t ' s - f o r e s t f i r e t i m e - p l e a s e b e c a r e f u l /

£* Next morning Fred was on his way. He paused outside

*^t the door with tripods, lenses, lights and films, andcameras galore. Said he, "I've got some dandy shots

and had a perfect rest! No wonder folks say Statler's

where you really are a guest!"

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

S T A T L E R H O T E L S : N E W Y O R K * B O S T O N * B U F F A L O * D E T R O I T

C L E V E L A N D * S T . L O U I S * W A S H I N G T O N * L O S A N G E L E S

*

A N O T H E R G R E A T N E W S T A T L E R - - H A R T F O R D( O P E N I N G S U M M E R , 1 9 5 4 1

D o y ou ow e y ours e l f a t re a t ?

Make i t a weekend a t the Sta t le r !



KING PAUL, QUEEN FREDERIKA & PRINCE CONSTANTINE (LEFT)On the family cruiser, vacationers.

International

N am es m ak e new s . Las t w eek t hes enames made th is news:

K i n g P a u l a n d Q u e e n F r e d e r i k a o f

company in 1950) by taking him to taskfor staging opera in English translations."That is all right for the lesser companies,but the Met should present opera in itsgreatest form, and that is in the originallanguages. Besides, you can't understandthe words, even if they are sung in English." Wagnerian Soprano Helen Traubel,just finished a two-week engagement in aChicago nightclub, made public a lettershe had received from Bing, and thoughtfully appended her answer. Bing had written that opera and popular singing "donot really seem to mix very well" andsuggested: "Perhaps you would prefer togive the Metropolitan a 'miss' for a yearor so until you may possibly feel that youwant again to change back to the moreserious aspects of your art." Singer Trau-bel's indignant reply: "I will be unable tosign the contract the Metropolitan OperaAssociation has offered me ... Artisticdignity is not a matter of where one sings. . . To asser t tha t a r t can be found inthe Metropolitan Opera House but not ina nightclub is a rank snobbery."

Old Groaner Bing Crosby was back forhis 22nd radio season, but the blue of thenight was no longer meeting the gold ofthe day. While lazing about his Nevadaranch this summer, he had got to thinking . about his sunset theme (which hehelped compose a quarter of a centuryago), decided his public must be as boredwith it as he is. Bing put The Blue of theNight to pasture, ordered a new instrumenta l piece to take i ts place on theCrosby show. Its tentative title: "Bing'sTheme."

The late Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson,who held the highest legal post in the land,died without leaving a valid will. He hadwritten wills in 1928 and 1930, but nei

Ac tre s s Audrey (Roman Hol iday )Hepburn confessed her surprise at beingin the movies at all : "I never thought I'dland in pictures with a face like mine.I 've had a complex a l l my l i fe aboutbeing definitely ugly."

"For outstanding services in the struggle aga ins t wa rmonge rs and for thestrengthening of peace." Baritone Paul

Robeson received the International StalinPeace Prize for 1952 (complete with diploma showing a picture of Joe Stalin)in ceremonies in Manhattan. The award,good for $25,000 in cash, would have beentendered in Moscow if the St ate Department had let Robeson make the journey.The substitute presentation of what Communist Author Howard Fast called "thehighest award which the human race canbestow upon one of its members" was described by the Daily Worker: ". . . Therewas a hush as the medal, with Stalin'slikeness on one side, was pinned on. Thencame the misty eyes as Fast embraced theguest of honor, tiptoeing to kiss him on

both cheeks." Robeson, "in a voice shakyas few have heard it," said: "I have always been, I am. and I always will be,a friend of the Soviet Union."


ROBESON & FRIEND

From Moscow, love and k isses.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Greece, after posing at their summer palace with Crown Prince Constantine, 13,for an engaging family photograph, setout from the Piraeus in a cruiser, slippedquietly ashore at Naples and traveledincognito to Austria. They will journeythrough Europe, sail for the U.S. in lateOctober. At the " same time, two otherGreek leaders landed in Italy and werefeted with maximum pomp and ceremony.Premier Alexander Papagos and ForeignMinister Stephanos Stephanopoulos weremet at the Rome airport by a delegationheaded by Italian Premier Giuseppe Pella.That evening, going to a reception inRome's Castel Sant' Angelo, spectacularlylighted by 1,023 flaming oil pots, Stephanopoulos and Papagos were saluted byguards in 16th-century costume. The party in the famed Borgia apartments atopthe ancient pile (classically known asHadrian's Tomb) was the high point of afour-day visit which had the practical end

of uni t ing the Greeks and I ta l ians inpledges of friendship.* * *

I n H o v e , E n g l a n d , M r s . C l e m e n tAttlee, famed for chauffeuring her ex-Prime Minister husband during his campaign travels, was fined £i ($2.80) forleaving her Humber Hawk parked without lights for nine hours and "obstructing" a local street.

* * *For the Metropolitan Opera's Impresa

rio Rudolf Bing, there was no Manhattancrag out of the range of two of grand opera's most massive voices. Wagnerian Tenor Lauritz Melchior, on his way to a sing

ing job in a Las Vegas hotel, updated anold quarrel with Bing (they 'had parted

4 2

ther had witnessing signatures. At probatecourt in Washington, it was disclosed thatVinson, after a lifetime of Governmentservice, left an estate of $7,163, d ebtsof $6,000.

* * *In probate office at Nashua, N.H.. the

estate of the late Republican SenatorCharles W. Tobey, who left no will, wasput at $20,000.

* * *

An estate tax appraisal in Manhattanrevealed that the late James V. Forrestal,investment banker who became the firstSecretary of Defense, left a net estateof $1.201.019.

P E O P L E



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T H E P R E S S

ant of Mohammed." Growled one newsman : "I got news for you. In that religiona woman is nothing." Shortly after, Ritaand Dick he ld the ir own conference.United Press Newshen Aline Mosbypromptly asked an embarrassing questionof Argentine-born Haymes: "If you'redeported [for illegal entry into the U.S.],what country would you like to live in?"

Snapped Haymes: "I won't be deported."Rita rushed to his defense, cooed: "I'llfollow Dick anywhere on earth." "HasRita ever cooked for you?" asked anotherreporter. That was too much for Dick."Don't be silly," he answered scornfully."Who would marry Rita for her cooking?"

Chant of Croupiers. Next day brightand early, reporters were awakened at9:30 by a ring of the telephon e and a

ranged to have the judge come half anhour late.)

A s t h e c e r e m o n y s t a r t e d , Y a s m i nplucked at her mother's elbow, whispered :"What are you doin', Mommy, gettin'married?" Even the text for the marriageservice suited the occasion. It said: "Willyou love, honor and cherish [each other]throughout your married life" insteadof "so long as you both shall live."

As Dick slipped the ring on his bride'sfinger, photographers interrupted, holler

ing "Hold it!" Then Yasmin jumped up,shouted "Mommy, I want a ring too." Awedding guest quieted her down by slipping off his own ring -- a large diamond setin platinum -- and putting it on Yasmin'sfinger. Within two minutes the ceremonywas ended and the newlyweds went out,as Columnist Florabel Muir wrote, past"the clanking of the slot machines and thesoft chant of the croupiers at the crap

NEWLYWEDS & NEWSMEN AT LAS VEGASFor richer, for poorer, and for the pressagent.

Edward Clark -- LIFE

voice that said cheerily: "Good morning.This is the Sands operator. We have beenasked to awaken you so you could get upand prepare for the wedding." In theGold Room of the Sands, everything wasready. Newsreel cameras, TV equipmentand flash guns lined the wall. Los Angeles

Herald & Express Reporter Jimmy Cren-shaw spotted a musician carrying a bullfiddle and made for Pressagent Freeman."I got it in the paper already, boy," criedReporter Crenshaw. "no music, no wedding march; there better not be a weddingmarch." Freeman obliged: "O.K. Ritadoesn't want music anyway. No music."

When Rita arrived, in a pale blue Irishlinen dress with a toast-colored hat, tulleveil and a bouquet of white orchids andlilies of the vall ey. Groom Haymes wason her arm. Six feet in front of themmarched Pressagent Freeman, to give photographers a focusing point for their cameras. (To make sure there would be plenty

of time for pictures, Freeman also had ar-

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3 45

An Unfrumpt ious WeddingAt Las Vegas' raucously elegant Sands

Hotel last week more than two dozenHollywood newspaper, magazine, TV andradio reporters gathered for an event:the wedding of Cinemactress Rita Hay-worth and Crooner Dick Haymes, eachheaded altarward for the fourth ti me.

Only Columnists Louella Parsons and Hed-da Hopper were missing. Louella, whotraveled half way around the world fouryears ago to be at Rita's side when shemarried Aly Khan at Cannes, this timetelephoned her blessings but was "toobusy" to a t tend; Hollywood assumedthat she had the word that Rita's studio,Columbia Pictures, did not approve ofthe marriage. Hedda was miffed becauseshe had not been personal ly invi ted,and snappishly told readers: "All I 'vegot to say -- and I hope these will bemy last words on the subject -- is theydeserve each other." Louella and Hedda

missed something.Never in Hollywood history had therebeen such a sample of matrimony-by-pressagent. Although Actress Hayworthat first insisted that she wanted none ofthe "pomp and frumptiousness" of herwedding to Aly Khan, she meekly surrendered to the greater wisdom of Press-agent Al Freeman of the Sands Hotel.As soon as reporters arrived, he providedthem with a mimeographed "Outline ofEvents -- Hayworth-Haymes Wedding."Sample event s : "Wednesday . 2 p .m .Haymes gets his divorce hearing. Picturesand comment available. 3 p.m. Rita andDick to get marriage license at license

bureau. Thursday n a.m. Marriage ceremony in Gold Room, Sands Hotel. Cameras have length of room for movement.No restriction on any picture taking."

"Don't Be Silly." Everything, including Nevada's courts, ran close to schedule. First, Crooner Haymes led a caravanof newsmen to the Las Vegas court, wherein seven minutes flat he got a divorce fromhis third wife. ex-Cigarette Girl Nora Ed-dington, who had once been married toErrol Flynn. On the courthouse steps heresponded to the command of a dozenphotographers to "wave your decree,"then set out to pick up his fiancee, trailedby newsmen and Pressagent Freeman, who

kept booming out: "Is everybody happy?"At the license bureau, while Rita andDick tried to sign papers for their license,reporters leaned over their shoulders, gleefully pointed out spelling errors, and answered quickly when Haymes asked indesperation: "Anybody know how to spellClark County?"

Back at the Sands Hotel, there was animpromptu press conference with Rita'stwo daughters, eight-year-old Rebecca(by her second husband. Orson Welles)and three-year-old Yasmin (by her third,Aly Khan) . "Yasmin," Pressagent Freemanproudly announced, "is the only granddaughte r o f the Aga Khan , and tha t

makes her the onlv female direct descend

tables." to the wedding luncheon for thepress.

In the room was a four-layer cake (thebottom two layers were wood). Freemanannounced that "to keep things simpleand avoid any resemblance to her lastmarriage -- on the Riviera," no champagne

would be served. But one indignant reporter pointed out that "we weren't onthe R iv ie ra , " so Freeman agreeablychanged the p i t ch . "You want champagne," said he. "O.K., champagne." During a fast and heady wedding l uncheon,reporters toasted Rita and Dick. Then thehappy but weary couple made for Rita'sapartment on the hotel grounds, followedby an entourage of newsmen and hotelemployees. As they disappeared behindthe door, Phil Stern, a fan magazine photographer, grinned and said with satisfaction: "This was great. Ordinarily, wecan't get new pictures of this babe for thefan books. But yesterday and today I got

enough to last us for two years."



P̂RECISION PRODUCTS

46 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Don't be

a habit slave!(or get in a better rut)

D e a t h o n t h e P h o n eSid Hughes, 45, assistant city editor of

the Los Angeles Mirror (circ. 188,453), isa cigar-chewing, tough-talking newsmanwho never got to high school. But in 23years of covering the police beat for LosAngeles papers he has earned his owngraduate degrees in crime and criminals.He mixes on such familiar terms with theunderworld that the front-door of hisapartment has a one-way mirror in it so

that Hughes can see who is coming without the visitor's seeing him; on "tough"stories he often carries a .38 revolver, justin case. Last week in the Mirror cityroom, Crime Reporter Hughes got a phonecall from a business acquaintance; on thelong-distance line from Baltimore was anex-convict named Johnny Johnson, 34, outon parole after nine years in Alcatraz fora series of bank robberies.

Johnson, headlined as the "blitzkriegbandit," met Hughes several months agowhen he came to the Mirror to ask helpin getting a driver's license so that hecould work as a truck driver. Hughes gothim the license, from then on frequently got calls from Johnson. "He was amixed-up guy," says Hughes, "who hasbeen in crime ever since he was a kid. Helikes to talk and I l ike to sit back andlisten." Two months ago, Johnson stoppedcalling, after police started looking for himas a suspect in the strangulation murderin a Los Angeles suburb of one RichardFagner, who had befriended Johnson.

Pretty Hot. When Johnson phoned lastweek, Hughes recognized his voice immediately. He scribbled a note to a copy boystanding at his elbow: "Call the FBI andtell them I got Johnny Johnson on thephone." Then Hughes went on casually

talking: "How are you, Johnny?" "Nottoo good," Johnson answered. "I understand I'm pretty hot out there." Hughestold him he didn't know how hot he was,but would check and call him back. Johnson volunteered to call back himself in anhour. An FBI agent hustled to the Mirroroffice, set up a monitoring phone to listenin on the call when Johnson phoned back.In Baltimore, every outgoing call to LosAngeles was monitored, so that FBI agentscould swiftly trace the call and nab Johnson. In an hour, he called back.

Hughes kept him on the line to give theFBI time to close in, talking about themurder case. "If you're not guilty," said

Newsman Hughes, "turn yourself in tothe FBI." Johnson answered that with hisrecord; "I wouldn't have a chance." ThenHughes said bluntly: "I want you to tellme something. Did you pick up a heater?Dammit, tell me the truth."

"Yeah, I got it in my hand right now,"answered Johnny. "Pitch it into the river,"urged Hughes, "and turn yourself in."Replied Johnson, "I'm not going back toAlcatraz, not for one hour ... I learnedto hate up there in Alcatraz."

A Feeling. While Hughes and Johnsontalked on and on -- for 55 minutes -- theFBI agents traced the call to a phonebooth in the mezzanine of Baltimore's

Town Theater, where Mickey Spillane's


E n c o u n t e r A c r o s s t h e S e a sFor highbrow little magazines, life is

seldom easy, frequently short. EditorCyril Connolly bitterly put an end toBritain's Horizon after trying for tenyears to make ends meet. In the U.S., themonthly Partisan Review has been forcedto cut down to six issues a year, is stillconstantly casting about for angels. Sincethey traditionally operate in the red, onlythe little magazines backed by universities, well-heeled nonprofit organizations orfoundations have any security. This weekin London, 10,000 copies of a brand-newlittle magazine rolled off the presses, andit not only has the backing of an organization but is also a highbrow magazinewhose roots are transatlantic. The maga

zine: Encounter, an 80-page international

W hy be a poor nut

In a deep , du l l r u t?

I t can l ead to na i l -b i t ing and dr ink .

I f you m ust have a r u t ,

Y o u m u s t h a v e o n e . . . b u t

Make sur e tha t your r u t ' s l i ned w i th m ink !

Now , a S i l ve r S ta r b lade

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As a shav ing r u t . . . th is

Is a r u t f i l l ed w i th b l i ss ,

The sm oothes t shave you ' l l eve r fee l !

(And the SILVER STAR rut is filled withsuch elegant people. Two out of 3 areexecutives, real moneyed characters whocan throw around 98^ for a 20-blade

dispenser pack and never even feel it!)So don't, please don't, be a poor habitslave. Unless the habit's a SILVER STARshave! American Safety Razor Corporation.

CRIME REPORTER HUGHESA m ix ed - up guy p i c k ed up a hea t e r .

blood and thunder I, the Jury was play

ing. The FBI rounded up a small taskforce of its agents, including Agent JohnBrady Murphy, 35, who had already started home to his wife and three childrenwhen he got orders to come back to hisoffice. At the theater, four agents, led byMurphy, cautiously made their way upthe stairs.

Johnson paused in his phone conversation, then said ominously: "I got a funnyfeeling." "What do you mean?" askedHughes. "When you live like I do," saidJohnson, "you ge t these kind of fee lings and you play them." Suddenly, aftertalking some more, Hughes heard "thedamnedest clatter on the phone, as if

someone took a stack of quarters andpoured them into the coin box in spurts.The phone went dead."

Johnson, playing his feeling, had pulledout his gun and was waiting for the agentsas they came up the s ta i rs . He f i redthrough the glass door, fatally woundingAgent Murphy, seriously wounded another FBIman before he died in the boothunder a rain of bullets. Next day Hughesgave Johnson an appropriate epitaph:"You can't mess with a mad dog and Johnny was a bad guy and that was that."



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never know.

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t o o k T o m m y a n d m e ; t h e A b b o t t s ,

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room.

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insurance. After so many lucky years

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$4,000 policy covering my household

be longings seemed l ike a was te of

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$4,000 wouldn't be half enough. The

f i r e w a s g o i n g t o c o s t m e a t l e a s t

$5,000 over and above my insurance

to replace our furnishings alone.

This is a true case. All too true !

We bring it to you because so many people-- both home-owners and renters-are, like Tommy's father, under-insured.

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month ly ($5 a yea r ) , backed by theworld-wide Congress for Cultural Freedom, whose headquarters are in Paris.

Edited by British Poet Stephen Spender,44, and Irving Kristol, 33, onetime managing editor of the U.S. monthly Commentary (TIME, Jan. 29, 1951), Encounter hopesto provide "an interchange of views amongintellectuals of the whole English-speakingworld." Anything that has any bearing "onculture or freedom," explains Editor Kris

tol. "or preferably both together, will bethe hub of the magazine." In its first issue,Encounter prints articles, fiction and poetry by writers from six countries, includingthe unpublished diaries of Virginia Woolf,essays by France 's Albert Camus andBritish-born Christopher Isherwood, poetry by C. Day Lewis and Edith Sitwell.Among future contributors of articles andfiction for the magazine: Arthur Koestler,Bertrand Russell, W. H. Auden, Aldous

H a r t f o r d F i r e I n s u r a n c e C o m p a n y * H a r t f o r d A c c i d e n t a n d I n d e m n i t y C o m p a n y

H a r t f o r d L i v e S t o c k I n s u r a n c e C o m p a n y * H a r t f o r d 1 5 , C o n n e c t i c u t

4 8 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

. . . you can sleepat my house, Tommy!

(Based on an actual case from Company File #C-52-42)

Bert CannEDITORS KRISTOL & SPENDER

On their side, angels.

Huxley, Arnold Toynbee, Lionel Trilling,Sidney Hook.

Encounter's backer, the devotedly anti-Communist Congress for Cultural Freedom (whose purpose is the "defense of intellectual liberties against all encroachments on the creative and critical spirit

of man"), gets its money from such angelsas Yeast Heir Julius Fleischmann, theRockefeller Foundation, trade unions andother groups. The Congress, which hasgiven the new magazine's editors a freehand, will distribute Encounter all overthe world, hopes to boost its circulationto 25.000. British-born Editor Spenderand American-born Kristol think an international magazine will help writing inboth countries. Kristol feels that U.S.writers may have something to learn fromthe British, while Spender says: "Toomany British writers are writing for themselves and their own little group of. say. sixother writers. This will get air into British writing."



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Now - Ask The Man Who Owns One

News item: The Classic Car Club of America recently presented its Gold Cup Award

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There has been a great deal of mail

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A n d t h i s f r o m a y o u n g e r m a n :

Packard showrooms in gratifying andever-increasing numbers.

The New Packard is, in this case,a thoroughly modern car (no caroffers more); however, a Packard willalways give you something that transcends all other fine car arguments:the responsibility of reputation.

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M U S I C

T H E P R O U D E S T N A M E I N S H O E S

Come s the Conte mpora ryConductor Leopold Stokowski is driven

by a double urge: to play contemporarymusic, and to get i t heard by as manypeople as possible. After a quarter-centurywith the Philadelphia Orchestra, he resigned, formed his first-class All-Ameri

can Youth Orchestra, and toured with itas far as South America. When that brokeup because of the war, he spread himselfaround, guest-conducting in almost everycity that had a good orchestra. Whereverhe went he gathered new scores, playedmany of them, and catalogued all according to his own hieroglyphic filing systemagainst the time when he might play themfor a really wide audience.

This week Conductor Stokowski got hischance when he gave the downbeat on

Marjory Lewis

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

As for the kind of music Americansneed to hear: "We are looking for twokinds, the kind that reacts to the crudelife around us, and the kind that creates aremote world that is far from everydaylife." Stokowski has a strong feeling forthe second kind, promises new fantasiesby such composers as Modernist Walling-

ford Riegger and Tapesichordist VladimirUssachevsky (TIME, Nov. 10) for futureCBS network programs.

The Time Was Ripe. CBS came to itsnew concert series slowly, and not toosurely, mostly through the quiet determination of Music Producer Oliver Daniel,41. Originally trained as a pianist, hejoined the network ten years ago, produced such pioneering shows as Invitationto Music and School of the Air. As anenthusiast for contemporary scores, healso sandwiched them into briefer programs, along with salon music and showtunes. Nowadays, scarcely a program ofCBS's informal Music Room, its recitals

by Organist E. Power Biggs (both on Sunday mornings) or its Wednesday Top Hatshow goes by without airing some newcomposition. Old friends Daniel and Stokowski met last winter and agreed thatthe time was ripe for a more ambitiousprogram. The network played along.

Nothing could be more naturally appropriate for radio than concerts, arguesDaniel. They can be heard in fireside comfort, and there is more opportunity to program them now that TV has siphoned offmany of the big commercial shows. It isequally natural for radio to offer contemporary music, he insists. The radio

audience is well accustomed to modernsounds: "It hears them [as backgroundmusic] every time it tunes in on a mystery thriller, and never turns a hair atthe modernist dissonances."

P o p u l a r P i a n oLiberace (pronounced Liber-a^-chee) is

a piano player who dropped his givennames because "Pade rewski d id no tachieve worldwide fame until after hedropped his." The trick took: at 33, Milwaukee-born Wladziu Valentino Liberacecannot give enough concerts to please allhis fans, many of whom probably neverheard of Paderewski. He has sold a phe

nomenal 250,000 albums of his records,appears on 100 TV stations (more thanI Love Lucy), and by the testimony of hissponsors (mostly banks and biscuit companies) has directly accounted for "several million dollars worth of business."

Older Liberace fans insist that he reminds them of Rudolph Valentino, whichis doubly odd: Valent ino was not thepianist type, and, far from looking likethe lean, dark actor, Liberace is pudgy,his curly hair is greying, his brow is broad.And he is not the strong, silent type. At atypical performance, he sits at the grandpiano on a darkened s tage with a 25-piece orchestra behind him and a discreet

* Ignace Jan.

On this stormy coast

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STOKOWSKI & PRODUCER DANIELAf te r t he ra i l r oads , f lowers .

Twentieth Century Concert Hall, over aCBS network, coast to coast. Every Sunday, for six weeks (i p.m., E.S.T.). hewill lead a string orchestra or a chambersymphony in programs consisting of the

works of younger U.S. composers and theless familiar pieces of more renownedEuropeans ("We don't believe in segregation of music"). The first program: theSiciliano from a Bach sonata (arranged byStokowski), a Concerto for Orchestra byManhattan's Alan Hovhaness, 42, and amemorial performance of an Adagio bythe late Nicolai Berezowsky.

The Crude & the Creative. Stokowski,who admits to 66, is as enthusiastic as ateen-ager over his armfuls of new scores."Music is becoming decentralized," hesays. "It must. This country grew on individual initiative, first physically -- withrailroads -- then culturally. It must con

tinue, or we will never reach our floweringperiod." Keith Highlanders from $22.95 (Higher West)Geo. E. Keith Company, Brockton 63, Mass.

51



T H E B R A E M A R G A T H E R I N G

Britain's train services are swift, convenientand so comfortable -- the key to seeingmany places in a limited period. YourTravel Agent can make all arrangements,including reservations at hotels, on trains

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B R I T I S H

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candelabra near by. He flashes a dazzlingsmile at the crowd, waves and mugs,squints up into the balcony and gushesinto a convenient microphone, "Ooh look,there are people way up there!"

Traditionally trained but popularly inclined, Liberace toured the nightclubs forten years. A year and a half ago, he discovered a larger market, has been carvinga high-paying swath across the U.S. pop

concert circuit ever since. In Los Angeles,his was the only concert of the year to fillthe Hollywood Bowl (capacity: 20,600). fIn New Orleans, he signed autographs for2\ hours after the concert was over. InChicago, the Civic Opera House sold outfour days after his concert was announced,had to schedule two more. Outside Manhattan's Carnegie Hall last week, womenunable to get tickets turned away fromthe box office in tears.

In the hall, his audience was, as usual,two-thirds women, from bobby-soxers to

5 2

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N E W Y O R K 2 0 , N . Y . , 9 R o c k e f e l l e r P l a z a

C H I C A G O 3 , I I I . , 3 9 S o . L a S a l l e S t r e e t

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ENTERTAINER LIBERACEG r a n d m o t h e r l y e m b r a c e s .

grandmothers. They basked happily as hisperformances washed over them: folksongs, show tunes and his own arrangements of such classics as Debussy's Clairde Lime and Grieg's Concerto, most ofwhich he played with artfully simplifiedfingerwork in the frillier runs. For a topper, he opened up his laryngitic baritonein a perennial favorite of the middle-aged,September Song. When it was all over, hedangled his fee t over a corner of thestage, signed his pictures, shook hands andaccepted embraces from some of the moregrandmotherly.

Liberace himself is not quite sure wherehis appeal lies, and it doesn't bother him.His aim: "To be to the piano what BingCrosby is to the voice." Another aim: tofinish his new home in Royal Oaks, Calif.,where he, his brother and his mother can

live, and swim in their pool, which isshaped like a grand piano viewed fromthe second balcony.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3



E V E R Y B O D Y I N A M E R I C A L I V E S B E T T E R B E C A U S E O F C O A L

BITUMINOUS COAL INSTITUTE, A Department of the National Coal Association, Washington, D. C.

TIME, OCTOBER 5, 1953

Almost half of America's electricity is gen

erated from coal. All of our steel and most

of our industrial power depend on coal.

Of our total fuel resources, 90% is coal.

This year 450 million tons of bituminous coal

will power America's economy. And in the years

to come the country's demands for coal will re

quire even greater tonnages.

But despite the abundance of coal and great

need for coal, the industry today faces serious

problems. How they are solved can affect our

economy, our defense, and how well you live.

Capital expenditures have increased. Millions of

dollars have been spent on machines that pro

duce and process coal for less money. But these

savings, and more, too, have been siphoned off

by increased costs. Miners' wages have more

than doubled since World War II and are now

the highest in any major industry. The cost of

operating supplies has more than doubled. Coal

freight rates have been repeatedly increased.

At the same time competing fuels have been

whittling away at coal's markets.

To provide the coal which America requires, and

to obtain for this coal a price that will yield the

margin of profit needed to maintain a strong and

forward-looking industry, is coal's daily battle.

For only a profitable coal industry can maintain

the health and strength necessary to continue to

serve America well.



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true light. Fred is now happy at homeand again doing well at school.

Three Hats. Such cases are presenteddaily to the Judge Baker Center. In 36years it has handled 15,376. This week, thechild psychiatry movement in Boston gotits biggest boost in years when Harvardannounced that its Medical School and

the Children's Hospital are combining withthe center for an attack on the emotionaldifficulties and behavior problems of theyoung, from infancy through adolescence.Patients in the hospital who are found toneed psychiatric care will be referred tothe center, while center patients withphysical problems will be treated at the

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P r o f e s s i o n a l A d v i c eThe public-relations director of the

A.M. A. last week offered the medical profession some pointed professional advice:now that the threat of compulsory healthinsurance no longer hangs over U.S. medicine, doctors should quit squabbling

among themselves, Director Leo Browntold the Kentucky State Medical Association. Also: "We need more interest in thepublic and less in ourselves."

For the medical profession, Brownspelled out his definition of good publicrelations as: "Prompt, courteous, efficientservice made available 24 hours a day and365 days a year." And, he added, "goodpublic relations is something like makinglove -- you have to participate in it if youexpect to get much satisfaction out of it."

The Ch i ld 's PsycheIn grade school, Fred looked like the

ideal American boy: he was a straight

"A" student, captained his class soccerteam, and was popular with both boys andgirls. But at home, Fred was a finicky eater, drank only water and nonfat milk, andalways went to his room when familyfriends called. And he was annoyed by hisfather's suggestion that they join otherfathers and sons in neighborhood games.

Soon after he started junior high, Fredbecame a real problem. In the mornings hevomited and complained of bellyaches, sohe got out of school. When doctors foundnothing wrong, he thought of more excuses-- a big police dog threatening him on theway to school, bullying by bigger boys, anunfriendly teacher. The dangerous dog

turned out to be a galumphing puppy,nobody was bullying Fred, and his teacherwas genuinely fond of him. She suggestedthat Fred's mother take him to Boston'sJudge Baker Guidance Center.

School Phobia. In most ages and inmany communities, oldsters would haveprescribed a dose of strap oil for Fred andlet it go at that. But Boston has become ahub for ch i ld psychia t ry , and a t thecenter Fred and his mother found sympathetic help. His trouble was commonenough: "school phobia," the psychiatristsand social workers called it. But they wellknew that while the complaint may becommon, the cause is different in each case.

Fred went to the center for an hour eachweek, and a social worker and psychiatristalso saw his mother and father regularly.It took many sessions before Fred couldrealize that what he really feared was notschool, but separation from his mother.This in turn had to be clarified: it wasbecause he resented the time and attentionshe had given to an ailing sister. Finally,the psychiatrist worked through the thicker tangle of unconscious, childish illogic,and helped Fred to see his home life in its

* Named for the late Harvey Humphrey Baker,first judge of Boston's juvenile court. Its mainsources of income: the United Community Fund

and interest on its endowment. It collects negligible, nominal fees.

J a m e s F . C o y n e

DR. GARDNER & DAUGHTER MARYI n s t e a d o f s t r a p o i l , c l a r i f i c a t i o n .

hospital. The medical school is expandingits courses in child psychiatry.

Tying the combined operation togetherwill be Dr. George E. Gardner, 49, mild-mannered pediatrician-psychiatrist whohas been director of the Judge BakerCenter for twelve years. Dr. Gardner willnow don two extra hats, as Harvard'sfirst clinical professor of psychiatry andpsychiatrist in chief at the Children'sHospital.

Basically, the idea is that psychiatricillnesses usually have their roots in childhood; if the psychiatrists can catch 'emyoung, the nation may be spared many amore stubborn adult case.

K u s h u m m a & K u s h i p p uWith his stylus of sharpened reed, the

physician made neat, wedge-shaped markson a clay tablet, carefully compiling apharmacopoeia. His calligraphy was better than most doctors': he got more thana dozen formulas on the two sides of a

* Posing with therapy toys at Judge BakerCenter.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3



B a n k o f A m e r i c a , w i t h 5 3 8 b r a n c h e s i n

3 3 0 C a l i f o r n i a c o m m u n i t i e s , i s t h e w o r l d ' s

l a r g e s t p r i v a t e l y o w n e d b a n k . I t s s h a r e s

a r e h e l d b y 2 2 0 , 0 0 0 s t o c k h o l d e r s r e s i d i n g

i n e v e r y o n e o f t h e 4 8 s t a t e s . R e s o u r c e s

( a s o f J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 5 3 ) : $ 8 , 0 1 7 , 5 7 3 , 3 6 0 . 5 4 .

Street scene in Westchester (a section of Los Angeles) where population has grown from 946 in 1940 to 41,233 in 1953.

B u i l d i n g C a l i f o r n i a

y*jL*><Jl>^^

B a n k o f A m e r i c a h a s m a m o f f i c e s i n t h e t w o R e s e r v e c i t i e s o f - C a l i f o r n i a , S a n F r a n c i s c o a n d L o s

A n g e l e s . O v e r s e a s b r a n c h e s : L o n d o n , M a n i l a , T o k y o , Y o k o h a m a , K o b e , O s a k a , B a n g k o k , G u a m . R e p r e

s e n t a t i v e s : N e w Y o r k , M e x i c o C i t y , M i l a n , P a r i s a n d Z u r i c h . C o r r e s p o n d e n t s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d .

B a n k o f A m e r i c a ( I n t e r n a t i o n a l ) , N e w Y o r k , a w h o l l y o w n e d s u b s i d i a r y ; o v e r s e a s b r a n c h , D u e s s e l d o r f .

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tablet little bigger than a modern picturepostcard. Then the sands of the desertcovered the great Sumerian city of Nippur (90 miles southeast of Babylon), andthe physician's secrets were lost for thousands of years.

Last week the University of Pennsylvania announced that after many yearsof e f for t , one of i ts scholars had succeeded in t rans la t ing par t of the oldest-known pharmacopoeia, dating fromabout 2100 B.C. The university's Assyri-

ologist Samuel Noah Kramer needed thehelp of Pennsylvania State College's Dr.Martin Levey, a specialist in the historyof science, to figure out the materia medi-ca which the ancient physician was prescribing. Most were dissolved in wine orbeer, e.g.: "Grind to a powder pear-treewood and the moon plant , then pourkushumma wine over it and let [plain]oil and hot cedar oil be spread over it."

H E ' L L G R O W F R O M T H I S

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5

U n i v e r s i t y o f P e n n s y l v a n i a M u s e u m

F o r O v e r i n d u l g e n c eBecause obesity and alcoholism are

similar disorders, caused by an uncontrollable urge to indulge oneself, Manhattan's Knickerbocker Hospital last weekopened a special clinic for excessive eatersand drinkers. Besides doing research,the doctors will give three-way treatment :medicines, psychological counseling andsupport through group discussions.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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SUMERIAN PHARMACOPOEIAR: carpenter p lan t , gum res in and beer .

Also: "Grind to a powder the seed of thecarpenter plant , the gum res in of themarkazi plant, and thyme, then dissolveit in beer and let the man drink."

The Sumerian pharmacologist neglectedto sign his work. It is also disappointingin another respec t , the pa t ient t rans

l a t o r s n o t e : h e f a i l e d t o s a y w h a tdiseases his remedies were for. But alongwith such oddities as the ground-up skinof the kushippu bird, he also used saltand saltpeter, which had some value asantiseptics and astringents.



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Major revision of the first two years ofthe undergraduate curriculum at YaleUniversity was recommended this week bythe Committee on General Education,headed by Yale's President A. WhitneyGriswold.

Most drastic change proposed: telescoping the freshman and sophomoreyears into one two-year course of study inpreparation for a general examination atthe end of the sophomore year. Formalizedcourses for freshmen and sophomoreswould be replaced by five "syllabi," consisting of two lectures and a 75-minutediscussion period each week, plus intensive reading from a recommended booklist. The new plan would also make itpossible for qualified students to completeboth high school and college in seven instead of eight years. The recommendations must be approved by the facultybefore they are put into effect. Acting

Dean of Yale College Alfred R. Bellingerpredicted that no changes would be madebefore 1955.

C o u s i n F r a n k i e G e t s H e r D u e"Puff, puff, chug, chug, went the little

blue engine. 'I think I can -- I think I can --I think I can . . . ' " Over the mountainat last, with its load of Christmas toysfor the children on the other side, theengine puffed happily: " 'I thought I could-- I thought I could -- I thought I could.' "

For some 40 years, small boys and girlsall over the U.S. have enjoyed the triumphof The Little Engine That Could. Thetale has appeared in many versions, sold

millions of copies -- apparently one ofthose anonymously written classics thatare part of a nation's folklore.

First Royalties. Last week the authorof The L i t t l e Engine was no longe ranonymous. Grosset & Dunlap signed acontract with Mrs. Frances M. Ford ofPhiladelphia, recognizing her as the authorof the tale. The recognition came late:Author Ford is looking forward to celebra t ing her zooth bir thday in March.Grosset & Dunlap will publish a new edit ion of The Li t t le Engine That Couldwith Mrs. Ford's name on the cover, andshe will receive the first royalties she evergot for her famed story.

Behind last week's contract lay a longstruggle on the part of Mrs. Ford's friendsto get her recognized as author of a storyshe dashed off some time between 1910 and1914, then all but forgot. In 1949 Mrs.Ford's cousin, Mrs. Frank S. Chmiel ofTucson, Ariz., began pestering publisherswith the claim that "Cousin Frankie" wasThe Little Engine's creator. A firm thathad always credited the story to an ex-teacher named Mabel Bragg looked backin its records to find that Miss Bragg hadnever claimed to be doing anything morethan retelling another author's story. Butpublishers were reluctant to take sides;they continued to turn out authorless

Little Engines. Months of literary detec-

J o s e p h W o s k o

© T h e P l a t t & M u n k C o . ,

THE LITTLE ENGINEcou ld . "

AUTHOR FORD" I 'm f ine - - I 'm happy . "

tive work convinced Grosset & Dunlapthat Mrs. Ford's claim was valid.

Uncle Nat. Author Ford, though appreciative of her cousin's efforts, has always been modest about The Little Engine. She wrote the story while workingfor a publisher of children's books in Philadelphia, writing advice to parents underthe name "Uncle Nat." As she recalls,she wrote the tale in a letter "in answerto some ques t ions about a chi ld who

wouldn't try." Years later a friend toldher about hearing a wonderful children'sstory in church. "I just looked at him inamazement," says Cousin Frankie. "Itwas my Little Engine."

As the years passed, the little enginethat refused to give up captured the imagination of two generations. A Bostonmother once wrote a publisher to say thather little boy would not eat his breakfast



; t I

'No matter where you are - - of fer dinner

there's nothing like a dram of Drambuie'

PROOF

a f t e r d i n n e r . . .

a D R A M * o f

DRAMBUIED r a m - - A s m a l l d r i n k . W / i e n t h e d r i n k i s D r a m b u i e , a l u x u r i o u s a f t e r - d i n n e r a d v e n t u r e .

until he learned to say "I think I can";a university student credited the li t t leengine's example with getting him throughexams; a torpedoed sailor in the South Pacific said he owed his life to the story:about to give up his fight against the sea,the sailor kept saying "I think I can."

Frances Ford lives a quiet life in hergranddaughter's home, rises at 7:30 everymorning, sits up watching television untilall hours of the night. Says she: "I 'mfine, except for too many birthdays . . .

I'm just happy that so many children enjoyed my Little Engine."

A W o r d f o r F r e s h m e nLast week, as they started their higher

education, the nation's freshmen got somecounsel from three college presidents:<J Go slow, warned Brown's Dr. HenryM. Wriston, in choosing a vocation. "Atyour age," Wriston said, "worry abouthow you are going to make your livingleads to impulsive selections . . . Premature choices tend to lead you into, andfreeze you in, occupations which will beinadequately rewarding spiritually, whichmay curb mental enjoyment." Most menin middle life are bored with their jobsbecause they "selected their vocation in asearch for security instead of adventure."<I Seek maturity, advised Dartmouth'sJohn Sloan Dickey, through a "liberatingeducation." In the modern world, "theimmature are dismayed with disappointment and they demand answers whichpromise quick, sure, painless solutions.The immature are sure that only a knaveor a fool . . . could have made a losingbet. The mature mind resists the searchfor panaceas and scapegoats . . ."<I Overspecialization is what worriesHamilton College's (Clinton, N.Y.) Rob

ert Ward McEwen. Specialists tend to getso wrapped up in their own fields that theycannot function effectively as citizens, saidDr. McEwen. "Many people turn to murder mysteries for escape from their specialization. But escape is not enough. Themost important danger ... is the myopiathe specialist develops . . . The need today is for informed specialists . . . whocan see the woods as well as the trees.None of you will gain omniscience at college, but you can learn how to live in anage of specialization."

H i g h , T i g h t & D r u n kEverybody is fairly sure that college

students drink. The big question is: Howmuch? After questioning students in 27 colleges from Maine to California, the YaleCenter of Alcohol Studies next week willpublish the results in a book, Drinking inCollege (Yale University Press; $4).

The Yale researchers found that 74%of the students reported they used alcoholic beverages. There was a higher proportion of drinkers among men (80%)than among women (61%). Drinking wascommonest in private, nonsectarian, non-coeducational schools (92% of the men;89% of the women), much lower in publiccoeducational institutions.

Unable to test the concentration of al

cohol in the blood of their subjects, the

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

M a d e i n S c o t l a n d s i n c e 1 7 4 5

f rom t he s e c re t re c i pe o f P r i nc e

C ha r l e s Edw a rd ' s pe rs ona l l i que ur ,D ra mbui e i s f a mous f or i t s un i que

dry f l a v our a nd e x qu i s i t e

b o u q u e t . E n j o y D r a m b u i e " o n t h e

rocks" - - with twist of lemonpe e l i f de s i re d - - o r i n t he

t radi t iona l cordia l glass .

I m p o r t e d b y W . A . T A Y L O R & C O M P A N Y , N E W Y O R K , N . Y . S o l e D i s t r i b u t o r s f o r t h e U . S . A .

59

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M A D E I N U . S . A .

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researchers had to accept the undergraduates' own measurements of the variousdegrees of intoxication, which the scientists denned as:

"*High indicates a noticeable effect without going beyond socially acceptable behavior, e.g., increased gaiety, slight fuzzi-ness of perceptions, drowsiness . . .

''''Tight suggests unsteadiness in ordinary physical activities, or noticeable aggressiveness, or oversolicitousness, or loss

of control over social amenities or ofverbal accuracy, or slight nausea.

'*''Drunk suggests an overstepping of social expectancies . . . loss of control inordinary physical activities, and inabilityto respond to reactions of others."

Passed out, the scientists agreed, is self-explanatory.

Three-fourths of all the men and 58%of the women reported having been highseveral times. Only half the men and one-fifth the women admitted having been repeatedly tight; half the men and only10% of the girls had been drunk morethan once; 16% of the men had passedout once, 18% more than once. Seven

percent of the women had passed out once,only 2% had repeated the experience.

A study by Hofstra College of 1,000high school students in Nassau County,N.Y. (pop. 672,765) showed that 90% ofthe students over 16 drink alcoholic beverages. But most are "temperate" drinke r s ; on ly 2% to 5% f i t t ed the t ag of"heavy drinkers." Interesting statistic:drinking among high-schoolers reaches itspeak at 16, falls off sharply by 17.

R e p o r t C a r dEURJ New York's State Board of Regentsruled that the Communist Party is subversive, thereby disqualifying Communists from employment by the New Yorkpublic school system under the provisionsof the Feinberg law. The Feinberg law,passed in 1949 and upheld by the U.S.Supreme Court in 1952, makes membership in subversive organizations a disqualification for service with the school system. Said the board: "We arise . . . convinced that force and violence are a sinequa non of the Communist faith."EURJ Denver University's Community College announced a family tuition rate: additional members of the same family mayenroll in courses costing $10 at a cut-rate

price of $5. Among the courses offered:Family Financial Security, Ice Skating,Personal and Social Adjustment, ChineseCooking, Astronomy.<I A survey of 145 major companies bythe Midwestern Placement Association resulted in good news for college seniors,food for thought for economists : nextyear's college graduates can expect better-paying jobs than ever before. Sixty-fourcompanies reported that they would givehigher starting salaries than they gave thisyear; not one company expected to payless. Inexperienced graduates taking technical jobs (engineers, chemists, physicists)can expect monthly salaries of from $301

to $375; nontechnical beginners mighthave to take as little as $276 a month.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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P R O G R E S S W E E K O C T O B E R 1 1 - 1 7

CAN COMPANYI O O E . 4 2 n d S T . , N E W Y O R K 1 7 , N . Y .

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S P O R T

* Among the graduate students of prizefightingwho dropped in at LaStarza's training camp,

watched, and agreed with him: ex-ChampionsJoe Louis and Jim Braddock.

MARCIANO FINISHING LASTARZA

The college boy got in the way.

J a c k F r a n k - - N . Y . H e r a l d T r i b u n e

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

L o , t h e P o o r I r i s h m e nProfess ional ly, the saddes t men in

sports are U.S. football coaches, anda m o n g t h e m n o n e c a n m a t c h N o t r eDame's tearful Frank Leahy. Each fall,his gloomy Gaelic laments hang overSouth Bend, Ind. like a thick and saltyfog. This year, Notre Dame, with 20 battle-tested regulars on hand, looked itsstrongest since 1949, was ranked as the nation's No. i team in preseason polls. ButLeahy was miserable. "I'll be amazed," hemoaned, "if we make a first down allseason." Last week, at Norman, Okla.,Notre Dame's rangy Irishmen (includingsuch steady workers as Guglielmi, Mav-raides and Penza) opened their scheduleagainst Oklahoma's tough Sooners, and,as usual, amazed Coach Leahy by rollingup more than enough first downs.

Oklahoma was no pushover. Thoughweakened by graduation, 1952's Big Seven champions were still rugged, and they

fought Notre Dame to a standstill foralmost three quarters. A big, fast Oklahoma line made Fullback Neil Wordenfumble on his own 23-yd. line; Oklahomahad a touchdown eight plays later, got another in the second period on a 62-yd.pass and a series of bone-crunching bucks.

But Notre Dame matched them bothand then went to work. Oklahoma's running attack stalled and sputtered; whenthe Sooners tried to pass, Notre DameQuarterback Ralph Guglielmi intercepted,moments later flipped one of his own for36 yds. and a touchdown. In the thirdquarter, Frank Leahy's powerhouse Fullback Worden ground his way to a fourth

touchdown from 9 yds. out, and the battle was over. Final score: Notre Dame28, Oklahoma 21.

Two pla toons or one , Notre Damestrength is something football fans canusually bank on, but around the rest ofthe U.S., big power performance was moreuneven as other teams tried out the newrules. Among the surprises:flj University of Michigan, looking betterthan the preseason dope, scored five timesin ten minutes, wound up smothering theUniversity of Washington in an inter-sectional game, 50-0.<I Navy, which some experts rank as thetop Eastern independent, steamed up &

down the field against lightly regardedWilliam & Mary, but never quite zeroed-in i ts a t tack, was lucky to eke out a6-6 tie.t | University of Texas, which lost i tsopener to Louisiana State, came backstrong, ran away from a powerful Villa-nova team, 41-12.EURf Georgia Tech, ranked high among thetop t en in po l l s , had to f igh t bo th amuddy field and a tough Florida team,had to settle for a o-o tie.t| Princeton, top-heavy favorite to walkoff with Ivy League honors, looked lessthan tigerish against little Lafayette, hadto complete a 6y-yd. pass in the last five

minutes to pul l the game out , 20-14.

B A S E B A L L ' S B I G T E N

A Simple IdeaRoland LaStarza, 26, a shifty boxer

who went to col lege (C.C.N.Y.) , hadfigured out, after a course of thoughtfuls tudy, jus t how he was going to bea tRocky Marciano to become heavyweightchampion of the world. "I'm more muscular than Marciano, and I expect to movefaster," he said. "I figure I can cut him upso that the referee will have to stop it!"Rocky Marciano, 29, more of a cave thana college type, had less to say in advance.When the bell rang for the start of their15-round experiment at the Polo Groundslast week, Rocky rushed out, swinging his

fists like stone cudgels, and put a simpleidea into practice, i.e., smash away atRoland until Roland fell down and stayedthere.

Rocky's onslaught was clumsy, primitive and often skirted the rules. In roundtwo, when LaStarza refused to back offfrom one ferocious rush, Marciano justkept charging, butted a gash above LaStarza 's r ight eye. Next round, Rockycaught his man with a left after the bell.A chant rose from the challenger's corner:"Dirty fight! Dirty fight!" A few roundslater, Rocky caught LaStarza below thebelt, drew his fourth warning, lost theround for the low punch.

Unti l the seventh round, LaStarzaseemed to have a chance of going thewhole way; Rocky was missing a lot ofearnest punches. Then Rocky changedtactics, shortened his blows, began pum-meling LaStarza's body with lefts andrights. The challenger's guard sank slowly,his retreating feet got heavier, his counter-punches weaker. It ended in the eleventh,when LaStarza, slowed by a left hook,got in the way of a sharp right, and was

driven sprawling through the ropes. LaStarza was vertical again, though littleelse, after a count of nine. The referee hadto stop the fight.

For winning his 45th professional bout,his 40th by a knockout, HeavyweightChampion Rocky Marciano collected$187,000. It might be his last big checkfor a while . At the moment , nobodyseemed to be able to think of a naturalnew challenger.

H o o k y o n t h e S o u n dAs a breeze-struck schoolboy of ten in

New Orleans, Eugene Walet talked hisfather into buying him a Snipe Class sail

boat. The elder Walet, who is president ofthe Jefferson Lake Sulphur Co., was soon

The league leaders at season's end:

NATIONAL LEAGUE

Team: Brooklyn (by 13 games)Pitcher: Spahn, Milwaukee (23-7)Batter: Furillo, Bklyn. (.344)

Runs Batted In: Campanella,Brooklyn (142)Home Runs: Mathews, Mil. (47)

AMERICAN LEAGUE

Team: New York (by 8^ games)Pitcher: Parnell, Boston (21-8)Batter: Vernon, Wash. (.337)Runs Batted In: Rosen,

Cleveland (145)Home Runs: Rosen, Cleveland (43)



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shanghaied into a task familiar to theparents of juvenile sailors. LandlubberWalet began training as a weekend crewman under his son's command on LakePonchartrain.

By last week Gene, now a senior atNew Orleans' Jesuit High School, wasstill at the helm and his father, now anexperienced old salt, shared the honor ofracing in the finals of the North AmericanSailing championship.

The Hard Way. In getting to the year'stop racing, held in Long Island Sound'scrisp September breezes off the Larch-mont (N.Y.) Yacht Club, young Geneand seven other helmsmen had provedthemselves the best sailors in the land.Earlier last month, in the eight racing regions of the U.S. and Canada, some 1,600yachtsmen from 599 clubs had beat andrun their boats through the sectional eliminations. To fly the colors of the Southern

when Teacherstook the test

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Yacht Club in the finals, Gene Walet hadscored the most points in a four-seriestotal of 27 races.

In last year's first running of the NorthAmerican competition, won by Larch-mont's well-weathered Yachtsman CornyShields (TIME, July 27), the boats wereQuincy Adams Class sloops, measuring 17ft. at the waterline. This y ear they wereyachting's most carefully standardizedboats: the Norway-built InternationalClass sloops, whose 33-ft. specimens arealike as pumpkin seeds. In Larchmont'seight races, each crew sailed each of eightboats once.

Until last week when he came North,young Gene had never seen an International. But Helmsman Walet, crewed bytwo Tulane University students and hisfather, quickly got the feel of the bigger,more complicated craft. He finished second and third in the first two races, then

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to last in the third race. After that, he wasthe sloops' master.

A Birthday Present. A fourth in theseventh race sent Gene into the pointlead, but five other skippers were stillclose enough to pass his narrow margin,notably last year's runner-up, Charles 111of Mantoloking, N.J. Aboard Wisp in thelast race, Gene lay back at the startingline, careful not to jump the cannon. Hegot off well into a 14-knot southerly,rounded the windward mark of the 8|-mi.triangular course, billowed out his spinnaker to catch the wind for the secondmark, then reached for home. All the way,he shrewdly covered Charlie Ill 's boat(i.e., protected his edge in points by duplicating Ill's maneuvers, tack for tack). Ascant 100 yards from the finish, Geneovertook the lead boat of the Maine YachtRacing Association's James Ducey, whohad lost time on an ill-advised tack, andsluiced in first. With 48^ points over Ill's45-4, Gene Walet was the year's top skipper. Glowed Gene: "I gave this race tomy dad for his [5 2nd] birthday present."Then father Walet bundled Gene and his

victory trophy, a mammoth silver souptureen, back to New Orleans, where, technically, the National Champion wouldhave to account to his teachers for missingtwo weeks of school.

Across Long Island Sound, at OysterBay, a team of six European skippersraced six U.S. and Canadian skippers toinaugura te an Old World-New Worldcompetition in Six-Meter Class boats.Both sides showed spectacular teamwork,covering rivals, stealing their wind whiletheir teammates scudded ahead. In theend, despite the presence of Norway'sCrown Prince Olaf at the tiller of one of

the European team's six-meters, the NewWorld outsailed the Old, four races to one.

Scoreboard<J At Belmont Park, in the notable absence of the ailing Native Dancer, Green-tree Stable's four-year-old Tom Fool wonthe $50,000 Sysonby Mile, in a race soclearly predetermined that there wereonly three starters and no bets were taken.EURJ In Milwaukee, the transplanted Braveswound up their season as the city's firstmajor-league baseball team in 52 yearsby soundly shattering all National Leaguerecords for home attendance: 1,826,397admissions.

C| In St. Louis, Browns fans (home attendance this year: 311,000) reacted tofresh talk of the club's transfer to anothercity by belatedly crowding the ballpark,hanging Owner Bill Veeck in effigy. Atweek's end they heard that the Brownsmight not move af te r a l l ; meet ing inManhattan, American League club owners rejected the most likely city, Baltimore, for the second time.EURJ In Boston, the Red Sox's Ted Williams,who returned from Korea too late to beconsidered for American League battinghonors, still managed to hang up a personal record in 37 games: a batting average of .407 (37 hits, 13 home runs) to top

.400 for the second time in his career.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3



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Knowing by FaithThe last president of Harvard to take

part in an exercise of the Harvard Divinity School was crusty Unitarian CharlesWilliam Eliot, in 1909. For this week'sconvocation of the Divinity School, Harvard's brand-new president, EpiscopalianNathan M. Pusey (TIME, June 8), com

posed a speech that would surely havemade the muttonchops of the father of theFive-Foot Shelf bristle with shocked surprise.

The subject of President Eliot's 1909discourse was "The Religion of the Future ." "The new re l igion," El iot predicted, "will foster powerfully a virtuewhich is comparatively new in the world-- the love of truth and the passion forseeking it. And the truth will progressivelymake men free . . . When dwellers in aslum suffer the familiar evils caused byovercrowding, impure food and cheerlesslabor, the modern true believers contendagainst the sources of such misery by pro

viding public baths, playgrounds, widerand cleaner streets, better dwellings andmore effective schools -- that is, they attackthe sources of physical and moral evil."

So Much Twaddle? Paying his respectsto the wisdom and sincerity of his illustrious predecessor, President Pusey decided to state the problem baldly: "Thisfaith will no longer do."

The events of the 20th century, saysPusey, have made the easy optimism ofEliot's day unpalatable. "It is not thatwe do not have faith, or at least want tohave faith, but that certainty escapes us,and that all things have been brought into

doubt, and that fearing to be victimizedwe are inclined not to believe at all. Wesimply are not the ' t rue be l ievers ' ofwhom President Eliot spoke, and thissuggests that his was not a religion for thefuture, but that something was left out ofit which has now gone a long way towardvitiating his position, and which we mustge t hold of aga in in the mids t of ourpresent difficulties if we are to get on.

"For President Eliot, the enemies to histrue faith were churches, creeds, priests,anything supernatural, any concern for alife after death, anything that professedto be sacramental. I suspect, for example-- though I do not kn ow this -- that he

would have considered the doctrine central to generations of believers -- thatChrist came into the world to save sinners -- as so much twaddle. His was to bea 'simple and rational faith,' and therewas to be no place in it for 'metaphysicalcomplexities or magical rites . . .' This iswhere President Eliot may have beenwrong, at least wrong for our time, for ithas now become frighteningly clear thatif you try to ignore metaphysical considerations -- I would say consideration of ultimate things -- or cover them up in burstsof energy, they will rise up in pervertedand distorted forms to mock one's thustoo-circumscribed efforts . . .

"Personal religion, and understanding

HARVARD'S ELIOT

Easy optimism will not do.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

HARVARD'S PUSEYSometh ing mus t be rega ined.

of and participation in the work of theChurch, could apparently in many earliergenerations be taken for granted. Latterly,they have tended to ebb away in the allbut universal adoration of the state, andin almost idolatrous preoccupation withthe secular order, the accumulation ofknowledge, and with good works. There isnot and cannot be a quarre l with anyof these things in themselves, but onlywith the notion that they are independently sufficient goods."

A Gaping Need. "And it is because theyhave been tried and the people are stillnot fed, that you especially are now pre-



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71

sented with an immense new and mostdifficult responsibility ... It is leadershipin religious knowledge and, even more,in religious experience -- not increased industrial might, not more research facilities, certainly not these things by themselves -- of which we now have a mostgaping need . . .

" A m e m b e r o f y o u r f a c u l t y [ P r ofessor George La Piana] said here a fewyears ago that 'Faith is the consciousnessthat moral values and spiritual experienceshave a sacred character.' It is more of thisconsciousness that we most desperatelyneed, and that ... we must learn again toknow by faith with thanksgiving."

Ca nta lbe r t the J ugg le rOnce upon a medieval time there was a

juggler named Cantalbert. He was a goodjuggler. He could stand on one hand on as tool on a ba l l on a sword, while hetwirled a hoop with his free arm and juggled ten balls with his feet. But peoplepaid no attention. They would rather fighteach other, or get drunk, or go to a witch-

burning. If he were an ascetic, thoughtCantalbert, perhaps Heaven would sendhim an audience. So hemade himself a ha irsh i r t and juggled inthat, but, except for afew other ascetics, nobody pa id any a t t ention. He was a failure.

I f o n l y h e w e r e amonk, thought Cantalbert, he could live in awarm room, and havefriends, and feed the

birds and pray to the Holy Virgin. So hebecame a monk. But the other monks said

Latin prayers and he knew no Latin. Theychanted chants and he didn't know how tochant. They painted frescoes or copiedmanuscripts, or taught Scripture or cooked,and Cantalbert didn't know how to doany of these things. He felt more of a failure than ever, and the other monks complained about him.

When Christmastime came, the monastery hummed with activity. Each monkwas hard at work preparing a present forthe Virgin. The cook baked an enormousmany-tiered cake called "The Church Triumphant," the poet composed a miles-longLatin poem, Brother Arnaud presentedMary with the smallest illuminated Bible

ever made, and Brother Thomas made anivory carving of the Christ child that wasso huge that a man had to stand away offto see it all. Juggler Cantalbert did notknow what to do.

On Christmas morning, the monks gotup early and hurried to the chapel to lookat their presents again. There before thealtar they saw Cantalbert's present. "Monstrous!" they cried. "Desecration! Sacrilege! Insane!" But then came a miracle.

The legend of the lonely little jugglerand the miracle that blessed him is one ofthe memorable stories of Christendom,

* Best known in a retelling by that old freethinker, Anatole France: Our Lady's Juggler(whose name, incidentally, was Barnaby).

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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huge 65,000 of tomorrow's businessmen and technologists -- the 65,000Students enrolled in the Boston area's 200 educational institutions. At least15% of New nation's "romance" industry -- electronics-- now resides in New

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(whosethinkernameAnatoleFrance:incidentallywasOurLadysBarnaby)Juggler



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meaningful beyond theologizing, like aparable from the Bible or a legend ofSt. Francis. It is beautifully told againfor moderns, in pictures, in a book publ ished las t week: The Juggler of OurLady (Henry Holt; $2.50).

Robert O. Blechman, who has drawn thepictures and adapted the legend, is 23, aJew, a private in the U.S. Signal Corps,and a graduate (last year) of Oberlin College. His squiggly, deceptively childlikedrawings have appeared in such magazinesas Glamour, Charm, Mademoiselle, Collier's and Theatre Arts. But his greatestpleasure since he was a boy h as been"drawing books" and circulating themamong his family and friends. The Jugglerof Our Lady was a logical result.

"I hope people won't be fooled by themedieval setting," says Artist Blechman."Cantalbert is strictly a modern man."

W o r d s & W o r k s<I The News Bulletin of the EvangelicalConfederation of Colombia (South America) published a summary of the persecution of Protestants there during the past

five years. I tems: 42 church buildingsdestroyed by fire and dynamite, 31 damaged, ten confiscated; no Protestant primary schools closed, 54 of them by government order , the res t by violence ; 51Protestant men. women & children killed,$148,000 lost in buildings destroyed, damaged or confiscated. During the sameperiod, according to the confederation,Protestant church membership in Colombia increased 51%, from 7,908 in 1948to 11,958 in 1953.<S In an encyclical letter titled FulgensCorona (The Radiant Crown), Pope PiusXII proclaimed the year 1954 (from December 1953 to December 1954) a Marian

Year, in commemoration of the loothanniversary of the definition of the dogmaof the Immacula te Concept ion . TheMarian Year will be marked by specialceremonies, and Roman Catholics everywhere were urged to concentrate theirprayers on three main subjects: worldpeace, church unity, and "the church ofsilence" -- Catholics who live behind theIron Curtain under fear and persecutionf o r t h e i r f a i t h . : *t| The militantly anti-Communist International Confederation of Free TradeUnions, which represents 97 unions in 73countries, tossed a monkey wrench towardthe machinery of Moral Re-Armament,the nondenominational, untheological, polite revival movement that evolved out ofFrank Buchman's old Oxford Group. A report prepared by I.C.F.T.U.'s secretariataccused the Moral Re-Armament movement of interfering "with trade-union activities and [making] anti- trade-unionefforts , even to the extent of trying tofound 'yellow unions.' " M.R.A., it said,was undemocratic: "Buchman does notbuild up his movement from below . . .but from the ranks of leaders . . . Thesources from which the Moral Re-Armament movement draws its necessary fundsare completely unknown. All that can be

said is that those who supply the moneymust be very well off."

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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S C I E N C E

Digge rsThe Shrine of Lady Luck. Praeneste,

often mentioned by the classical writers,was an ancient religious center 23 mileseast of Rome in the Sabine hills. Sacredto the goddess Fortuna, it was the Roman

world's bulkiest, solidest shrine. It throvefor a thousand years, reaching its peakabout the time of Christ, and was thelast pagan center to be suppressed byChristianity. When Lady Luck was stilllucky, her intricate complex of sacred

buildings covered an area a dozen timbigger than St. Peter's.

During the Dark Ages, Fortuna's teples were looted down to their boneEven their marble facings were cartaway for building material. Gradually town of Palestrina and the feudal stro

hold of the Colonna family spread ovthe massive remains, effectively hidithem from archeologists. In 1944, Allbombings peeled away the medieval buings. When the war ended, Palestrina wa wreck, but the lower parts of Fortuntemple lay a lmost undamaged undheaps of rubble.

Last week, after eight years of woItalian archeologists had cleared away rubble, and visitors could see what tmassive old shrine was like. Said Prosor Pietro Romanelli, chief supervisorancient ruins in central Italy: "We haunearthed enough to show the broad olines of the temple at a glance, and

give us so much precise knowledge oflayout that except for a few details could rebuild it today as it was in prime."

Visitors can walk through stately haand a ne twork of chapels and oracrooms, still paved with mosaics, wheworshipers asked the advice of the gdess. The temple must have been, alsrather like a pagan Lourdes, where grims prayed for relief from bodily ments. The many shops that cluster thily around the shrines supplied votiofferings of clay, marble, silver or goshaped realistically to represent afflict

parts of the human body. Some of th egrisly, pathetic objects still remain af14 centuries.

Confession Stones. Since before WoWar II, Dr. Karl Lehmann of New YUniversity has been digging away at

PALESTRINA'S TEMPLE RUINSThe goddess was out of luck.

Gul

7 4 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9

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6-DThe movies will never catch up with

Professor Abraham Pais of the Institutefor Advanced Study at Princeton. Theyhave achieved three dimensions after afashion, but Pais uses twice as many. Last

week he told a convention of physicistsin Kyoto, Japan that thinking in six dimensions may be necessary before mancan understand the inner workings ofmatter. Said Pais:

"The shortest possible description ofthe theory is to call it an attempt to explain the large number of particles in thenucleus, not as different forms in themselves, but as different states of one form.

"If it is correct, it would bring a greatsimplicity to our theories of the nucleus,and this is one reason it has appealed tomany of the physicists. For hundreds ofyears we have learned tha t the grea ttruths of nature are usually explained in

classically simple ways."Professor Pais' idea of simplicity is not

the usual one. "It seems necessary," he'continued, "to extend the usual space-time description and, in a very abstractsense, one may say that a higher dimensional frame of description is necessary.In my theory, this means six dimensions."

Whi le r econnoi te r ing Wal te r Shi rley's sumptuous Fifth Avenue offices, wecame across a 52-foot wall map of LongIsland, in vivid color. The tracts that Mr.Shirley had developed were specially vivid,and pegged him as one of America's biggest development realtors.

We promptly proc la imed i t the idea lbackground for a "Man ofDis t inc t ion" color photograph. Lord Calvert highballin hand, Mr. S. stood in frontof the map, and his face dissolved into the flesh-tonedsands of Southampton Beach.

H e s i d e s t e p p e d o u t t o M o n t a u kPoint where his necktiec l a s h e d w i t h S h e l t e rIsland. He withdrew toFreeport and ran smackinto sandy Jones Beach.At East Islip the LongIsland Railroad detouredright down his pin-stripedsuit. "The only double-breasted railroad in the world," said thephotographer. Squelched, we moved intoShirley's private office for the conventional man-at-desk shot.

To drown out the photographer's snideremarks about the map we delivered abrief monologue on whiskey in general andCustom Distilled whiskey in particular,

pointing out that Lord Calvert costs a little more, tastes a little better and adds alittle more pleasure to living. Nobody tookexception. Later, while walking throughPenn .Station, we asked the photographerwhy he disapproved of maps.

"I don't," he said. "I just wanted a shotof Shirley's desk. Nice grain inthe wood. Look, we have twentyminutes to train time, shall I buyyou a Lord Calvert highball?"

"Yes indeed," we said, andhe did.

D i g g e r s



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even older center of religion: the templeof "the Great Gods," who were old whenGreece was young. Their headquarterswas on the Aegean island of Samothrace,and their "mystery" (basically a worshipof fertility) began before Homeric timesand lasted into the Christian period.

On his latest tour of digging, Dr. Leh-mann unearthed some of the holiest objects in the Great Gods' system. Near oneof the temples, he dug up a stone base

with a hole to support a large torch. Oneither side of it are two stone blocks. Hebelieves that on these blocks, often described in ancient literature, stood thecandidates who were about to be admitted to higher ranks of the religion. Theexact rites of initiation were kept secret,but they are known to have included aconfession of sins.

Jawbone's Burins. In a less pleasantplace than the isles of Greece, traces of acruder culture came to light. Anthropologist J. Louis Giddings Jr. of the University of Pennsylvania reported last weekon a visit to northern Canada, where hewent to study changes in the climate.

While at the little port of Churchill onHudson Bay, he met a Mrs . I rwin H.Smith, an amateur botanis t who hadbought some odd flint objects from anIndian named Thomas Jawbone. Dr. Giddings took a good look and then hurriedoff to find Mr. Jawbone. Some of the objects were a kind of "burin" (a stone-engraving tool) that is seldom found in theNew World.

Jawbone took him on a rugged three-day canoe trip up the Knife River andshowed him the bleak stretch of windblown sand where he had found the flints.There were plenty more of them lying onthe surface. Dr. Giddings picked up 80

artifacts: scrapers, blades, needle-likeflakes and more of the rare burins. Theseprove, he believes, that in the remote past,perhaps as long ago as 10,000 years, people of the same culture lived all aroun dthe Arctic regions of the world. The samepeculiar burins have been found in Alaska,East Greenland and Siberia. Almost nothing more is known about these circumpo-lar people. In the New World, they wereprobably replaced comparatively recentlyby invading Eskimos.

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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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New Shows in Manhat tanTake a Giant Step (by Louis Peterson)

is the sort of play that is not done oftenenough, though it ought to be done better.It deals honestly with a young Negro'sscuffle with adolescence, with growingpains that involve growing doubts andrecognitions, with a tragicomic moodiness

and incoherence, and with that giant steptoward matur i ty tha t not only movesahead but also turns a corner.

Spencer Scott lives in a comfortablemiddle-class home (in a white neighborhood) with sympathetic parents. But heis 17; he is in troub le at school, he isbothered by sex, he is at odds with hisfamily. And there are difficulties over hisrace: a white world that cannot accepthim as a suitor is bewildered over howto accept him at all. He chafes and broodsand breaks loose; he talks to prostitutesin a bar, talks to one of them in her room ;is c rushed by the dea th of his grand

mother (well played by Estelle Hemsley),restored to life by an ardent young widow.Playwright Peterson has captured Spen

cer's seventeen-ness admirably, and High-School Senior Louis Gossett plays himwell. There is a fresh, humorous smack tothe writing -- that sense of proportion sovital in dealing with a character who lacksone. But only his humor and his hero arePlaywright Peterson's own; they functioninside a framework, indeed a virtual cageof cliches. Where Spencer is typical butreal, his experiences are merely trite, andsometimes clumsy and protracted. Whatmakes Take a Giant Step uncommon interms of Negro life -- its middle-class out

look -- is precisely what makes it o ver-familiar in terms of adolescence.

At Home with Ethel Waters is a fairway of spending the evening out. Thelatest Broadway star to become a Broadway soloist, Ethel Waters should haveunusual qualifications for going it alone.She has a genuine personality, whetherwarmhearted or rowdy; she can performas dramatic actress or comedienne ; and asa singer, she is a notable album of oldfavorites -- Dinah, Am I Blue, StormyWeather, Takin' a Chance on Love.

At its best -- as when she and her accompanist, Reginald Beane, freewheeling-

ly get together over Lady, Be Good -- AtHome with Ethel Waters is delightful.But the par t proves grea ter than thewhole. The star offers more than 20 numbers, in a program that mingles the atmosphere of the nightclub, the concert stageand Broadway without achieving thefull flavor of any of them.

Most crucially, doing proper justice tothe 20-odd numbers nine times a weekcould only leave her voice in shreds ; henceshe has to pipe down, to substitute byplayon the actress' part for brio on the singer's. She is always personally pleasing,and sometimes more; but At Home with

Ethel Waters finds Ethel Waters insufficiently at home with her material.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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Hour of GloomStudio One opened its sixth TV season

last week by boldly offering an hour of utter despair. A grim, gruesome, humorlessshow, it was television at its best. The tele-play: George Orwell's bitter satire, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which Mrs. Orwell released to Studio One only after assurances

that there would be no tampering with herlate husband's blueprint of the ultimatepolice state.

CBS-TV Producer Felix Jackson, facedwith the difficult job of making the Or-wellian future believable ("without putting on a space-cadet kind of show"),hired British Playwright William P. Tem-pleton to do the adaptation. Jackson alsodecided, with Director Paul Nickell, thatthe shape of the supers ta te could besuggested, rather than spelled out, bylighting tricks and simple, abstract sets.

Templeton filled out Orwell's spare dialogue in Nineteen Eighty-Four and focused, for dramatic purposes, on the torment of Oceania's petty bureaucrat, Winston Smith, who helps make history toethe party line in the Ministry of Truth.Actor Eddie (Roman Holiday} Albert, whohas often skillfully played Hollywood's average man, portrayed Smith's crimet kinking (dangerous thoughts) and search forownlife (individualism). His short-livedlove affair with Julia, the rebellious Anti-Sex Leaguer (Norma Crane), was carriedon against a background of omnipresenttwo-way telescreens and the horrible, bloated face of "Big Brother."

Studio One did not flinch at an unhappyending. Smith groveled in a prison pit, was

tortured into admitting that two and twomake five, came screaming out of a chamber of hungry rats, and confirmed hisfealty to Big Brother in an emotionless,post-brainwashing meeting with Julia. Itwas a production that could easily havegone embarrassingly grotesque at one falsemove, but maturity of view and painstaking execution (stagehands were fitted withfelt shoe pads to keep out distractingnoises) combined to make the first tele-version of Nineteen Eighty-Four a majorTV achievement.

Recruits from Hol lywoodIt looked as if TV had made a major

raid on Hollywood talent. Joan Crawfordwas on television playing the sufferingwife of an unfaithful husband; MarilynMonroe was cavorting on Jack Benny'sshow; Ava Gardner, as the mystery gueston a quiz program, was answering embarrassing questions ("Are you married anda r e y o u h a p p y a b o u t i t ? " ) ; L o r e t t aYoung, Ray Milland and Joan Caulfieldwere turning up each week on their ownprograms; Arlene Dahl, Ray Bolger, AgnesMoorehead and young Brandon De Wildewere beginning big TV roles.

Had Hollywood finally given in to TV?Not quite. A few movie figures, notablyRobert Montgomery, had long been familiar faces on television; some, like Lu-

L e f tw ic h

BARRY NELSON & JOAN CAULFIELD

From another racket , conver ts .

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

EDDIE ALBERT & NORMA CRANEFrom sa t i r i ca l own l i f e , ach ievement .

cille Ball, Ann Sothern and Robert Cum-mings, had propped up sagging careers bytaking the television plunge. This season'srash of film stars on TV amounts to asudden upswing in the trend, but the big-studio, big-star antipathy toward television still exists.

Mostly Soap Operas. Most term contracts at the big cinema studios still forbid TV appearances, except for specialwalk-ons to plug a new picture (as Mari

lyn Monroe plugged The Robe on Benny'sprogram), and most top-ranking f reelance stars are too wary or too bu sy fortelevision. Explains Cinema Tough Guy



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Humphrey Bogart: "I got a helluva goodracket of my own . . . I don' t have thetime and I don't trust the medium yet . . .You watch that stuff some time . . . Instead of being five foot eleven, you're fourfoot three. I'll wait until they get straightened out." Van Heflin feels that a seriesof weekly TV shows, for a movie actor,"can very easily mean the complete destruction of his career in motion pictures.The audience gets used to getting some

thing for nothing, and then does not wantto turn around and pay for it ." TeresaWright, after giving occasional TV performances, sniffs at television's dramaticworks: "They're mostly soap operas. It'sjust like making a cheap film."

Bible with Guts. But television hasenthusiastic converts. Says Joan Crawford, who has plans for a series about alady columnist ("I ' l l definitely do thecommercials, in a dignified way"): "When[television] is not badly photographedand when it is on film which I can own,I find it extremely attractive, because itpays for itself and then becomes an annuity for my children. How else can you

save money these days?" John Wayne,one of Hollywood's top box-office draws,"is very much for TV," has plans to produce his own TV films. Kirk Douglas hasmade a pilot film for a Biblical series -- "asort of Bible-with-guts show."

What does it profit a cinema star to gointo television? TV pay has finally reachedmovie levels, and its multimillion audience is an attraction in a time of waningmovie attendance. Best of all, it offersjobs during the dog days of Hollywoodemployment. The latest TV converts andtheir new shows:

Meet Mr. McNutley (Thurs. 8 p.m.,CBS). Academy Award Winner Ray (The

Lost Weekend) Milland as the absent-minded professor at a women's college.The characterizations are trite, and mostof the action is warmed-over slapstick.Milland's fine talent for light comedy ispretty well smothered. (Sponsor: GeneralElectric.)

Letter to Loretta (Sun. 10 p.m., NBC).Loretta Young, ostensibly answering herfan mail, acts out the problem of theweek and supplies philosophic guidance.The first show had her in the role of aperfume salesgirl botching up her firstencounter with her wealthy boy friend'shighborn family. Loretta turned to theBook of Proverbs for the solution. (Sponsor : Tide and Lilt. )

My Favorite Husband (Sat. 9:30 p.m.,CBS), the best of the new crop, offersJoan Caulfield and Barry Nelson as anup & coming young couple in the upper-middle-income bracket. (Sponsors: Simmons Co. and International Silver Co.)

Honor BrightThe milkman gets as far as the back

step, the salesman may have to talk withhis foot in the door. But the televisionrepairman gets a personal invitation, fiveor six times every year, to step right intothe U.S. living room. For the 50,000 TVrepairmen who keep America's 27,150,511television sets in tune, every call is a

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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Why don't you talk to the people at Chase?"

A good question for oilmen who want a banking servicedevoted to their specific problems and needs

staff of this department ready to goto work for you. Once you've had asample of their service, chances areyou'll count on it for quite a bit ofguidance. Fact is, as a result of thework of this department, Chase foryears has made more loans to thepetroleum industry than any otherbank.

That highlights services of theChase Petroleum Department. How

to utilize them is explained on thenext page.

If you have interests in oil, chancesare you've heard something aboutChase's Petroleum Department.

Here's what Chase can offer youthrough this department:

THREE DIVISIONS

First there's information and advicefrom engineers and geologists -- men

with practical oilfield experience. It'stheir job to know the income-produc

ing capacities of oil properties. Nextyou get the counsel of economists.They study specific field analyses fromthe standpoint of over-all conditionsand trends in the industry. Then youget the helpful services of creditofficers whose sole business it is tomake constructive loans.

ALL YOURS

As a Chase customer, you'll find the



T h e M e n W h o M o v e

WABASH RAILROAD8 5

. . . i f you decide to talkto the people at Chase

The Pe t ro leum Depa r tment ' s Engi

neer ing Divis ion (geologis ts inc lud

ed) will study the property involved.

Wherever necessary they'll also con

s u l t w i t h i n d e p e n d e n t g e o l o g i s t s

about the present and potent ia l pro

duct ivi ty of your proper ty. Fur ther ,

they'll check drilling plans, look into

the ways and means of transporting

crude, and investigate refining costs.

Next, you'll sit down with Chase's

"pe troleum bankers" who wil l take

the engineer ing divis ion 's da ta and

estimate the cash return you may an

t ic ipa te f rom your proper ty.

Then, summing up a l l known fac

tors and balancing them against up-

t o - t h e - m i n u t e r e p o r t s o n m a r k e t

f o r e c a s t a n d d e m a n d , t h e b a n k i n gand credit officers will be pleased to

discuss financing plans with you.

The important thing to remember

is this:

You and your company are assisted

t h r o u g h e v e r y s t e p o f t h e n e g o t i a

tions by men who know the oil busi

ness int imate ly and have learned to

put p rac t i ca l expe r ience in double

harness with construc t ive f inancia l

planning.

Any questions ? A letter, a telephonecall (Hanover 2-6000) or a visit will

be welcomed by the Petroleum Depart

ment, Chase National Bank, 18 Pine

Street, New York 15, N. Y.

It pays to do business with Chase

THE

CHASEN A T I O N A L B A N KO F T H E C I T Y O F N E W Y O R K

[MEMBER FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORP.]

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

challenge to keep the client content andthe repairman's honor bright. When special problems arise, solutions can be foundin the TV Technic ian's Handbook onCustomer Relations.

The handbook, compiled by Chicago'sCentral Television Service, Inc. (with thehelp of a psychologist) for its own and fellow TV technicians, has sold some 15,000copies at $1 each. It assumes that repairmen normally meet housewives on theirvisits, and urges them to dress neatly, becheerful and courteous, avoid body odor,wipe their shoes, show friendly interest inthe customer (e.g., "This is a beautifulrug") and "always give the appearanceof knowing what you're doing." The booklet sets up and knocks down some touchyproblems :*I "Isn't this set too big for my livingroom?" the customer asks. Answer: "Notat all . . ."<I "My set was just in the shop, and ithasn't been the same since." Solution:"You must sell the customer the idea thather set is operating O.K. Be firm, but betactful."

<J You call at the house and find thecustomer in negligee. Solution: ". . . donot enter the house."<31 Customer is drinking and invites youto have one with her. Solution: "Underno circumstances should you accept suchan invitation . . . If you are in a housewhere the customer has been drinking,size her up and see how much she has had.If you think she has had too much, take aquick glance at the set and then get out ofthere in a hurry ..."t| There will be occasions when, in orderto make time, you may inadvertently havea few small screws left over after repairinga television set. Solution : either put them

in your pocket when the customer is notlooking or mingle them with other itemsof the same type you might have inyour tool kit.

Program Preview

TELEVISION

Pepsi-Cola Playhouse (Fri. 8:30 p.m.,ABC). A new series with Arlene Dahl.

P r i d e o f t h e F a m i l y ( F r i . 9 p . m . ,ABC). Paul Hartman and Fay Wray.

Person to Person (Fr i . 10:30 p.m. ,CBS). Edward R. Murrow's new interview show.

Hallmark Hall of Fame (Sun. 5 p.m.,NBC). Of Time and the River.

Make Room for Daddy (Tues. 9 p.m.,ABC). New Danny Thomas comedy.

Where's Raymond? (Thurs. 8:30 p.m.,

ABC). Premiere of the Ray Bolger Show.

James F . Ha ley

P . A . S P I E G E L B E R G ,

F r e i g h t T r a f f i c M a n a g e r , S t . L o u i s 1 , M o .

-**.,

For the week s ta r t ing Fr iday , Oc t . 2 .Times are E.S.T. , subject to change.

RADIO

The Marriage (Sun. 7:30 p.m., NBC)Starring Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy.

Theater Royal (Sun. 8:30 p.m., NBC).Orson Welles in The Queen of Spades.

Last Man Out (Sun. 10 p.m., NBC).Confessions of ex-Communists.

Horatio Hornblower (Thurs. 9:30 p.m.,ABC). Starring Michael Redgrave.

Manager , Traf f i c andTransportat ion Department ,

Koppers Co . , Inc . , P i t t sburgh , P a .

Men who know steel mills know Koppe rs . Koppe rs de s igns them, bu i ldst h e m , f u e l s t h e m . O t h e r i n d u s t r i a lists find among its six divisions a bett e r w a y t o t a r a r o a d , p r e s e r v e ara i l road t ie , make an adhes ive . With55 plants in 25 states, Koppers ' divers i f ica t ion in heavy industry c rea tesheavy transportation problems. Theirsolution is the job of James Haley.

Traff icman Haley regular ly uses theW a b a s h R a i l r o a d a s a n i m p o r t a n tlink in moving the goods where theyare required, when they are required.

S a y s M r . H a l e y : " K o p p e r s h a sfound that i t ge t s prompt and e f f ic i e n t s e r v i c e f r o m t h e W a b a s h . I ti s e s p e c i a l l y h e l p f u l t o t h e t w o o four s ix d iv i s ions hav ing p lant s inc i t i e s o n t h e W a b a s h . T h e s e d i v isions ship tar products in and out ofB u f f ' a l o , C h i c a g o a n d S t . L o u i s ;w o o d p r o d u c t s i n a n d o u t o f

Kansas City ."

To handle a d ive r s i f i ed sh ipp ing operation takes know-how. Wabash hasi t , plus a geographica l loca t ion tha tenable s i t to connec t w i th 66 o the rmajor ra i l roads . The Wabash is par tof many direct routes throughout thena t ion . Your Wabash r epre sen ta t ivehas the facts!



"BARBECUE ROOM"T o m a k e a n d t h i n k , E g y p t i a n c o r a l , V e n e t i a n b l a c k a m o o r s a n d

Erika

A R Tsmack into what otherwise looks like apleasant, modern living room.<! A peaceful French provincial diningroom by New Jersey Designer LesterByock and his wife, who have an interesting idea for walls: plain pine panelswashed with thin yellow varnish, thenoverlaid with a white rococo design. Mostinteresting feature : a white brick fireplacewith a conical hood under which sits acopper brazier that can be used to cook aninformal roast or light a formal dinner.<I A warm and woolly Explorer's Studyby William Pahlmann, which combinesthe comforts of a modern Manhattan flatwith the old wood stove of a backwoodscabin. Among the features : a wall paneledin sturdy oak, a sleek, yellow lacquer desk.

The designers know that few of theirexperimental rooms will actually appear in

U.S. houses, but they are sure that manyof their ideas will get across: i.e., morecolor, more informality, more exotic materials. Still another notion was demonstrated in a Manhattan art gallery: furnishing a room around a piece of fine art,instead of hanging art in a finished room.

Designer Pahlmann put a colorful scene ofVenice against an Oriental setting withgreen plants and a low mosaic table; another took two semi-abstract paintingsand a pair of bulky sculptures, used themfor a swank office with an azure-blue leather desk and a gay rug designed by Henri

Matisse. Most startling idea in the show:a mazelike, circular boudoir by ArchitectEdward Stone where a body could relaxon a brown fur couch while gazing at amuted abstract painting on the wall andat a sculpture of a tubby ceramic pigs u s p e n d e d f r o m t h e c e i l i n g .

L igh t on Dar k

Art for In ter iorsOne of the fastest-growing arts in the

U.S. is interior decoration. Before WorldWar II, it was mostly the rich who employed decorators to do their homes, andmost American women would no more

ask a stranger to tell them how to fix theliving room than they would ask for outside advice on how to keep a husbandhappy. But in the l ast decade, the U.S. hasbecome home-conscious as never before.Decorators report that more and more oftheir clients are middle-income families,switching to modern homes or trying tospruce up traditional homes with newstyles. Last week at the Fifth AnnualHomefurnishings Show in Manhattan'sGrand Centra l Pa lace, a group of theEast's best-known decorators showed offtheir newest ideas.

On view were 25 rooms, ranging from asimple dining patio in white and yellow to

a palatial black and green foyer. The decorators seemed as much concerned with funas functionalism. Some of the ideas wereclearly impractical, e.g., a dining-roomfloor made of tooled blue leather, butmost were bound to set housewives thinking. The colors seemed to come from apainter's palette -- sparkling topaz yellow,lime green, burnt orange, cocoa brown,wine red. Decorators drew their materialsfrom all over the world, combined Philippine rattan with American brass, mixed1 9th century antiques with 20th centuryEgyptian coral sculpture, and thoughtnothing of flanking a modern sofa with apair of smiling, five-foot Venetian blacka

moors, carved in 1710. Among the moreinteresting experiments :EURJ A brass and wood Barbecue Room byManhat tan 's Melanie Kahane , whichbrings the outdoor barbecue indoors. Alongone side ranges a long barbecue counterwith roasting spit and charcoal grill; alongthe others, a bookcase, radio and recordplayer, a long grey couch, a low tableand comfortable chairs.<I A startling white and orange-red Japanese Sunroom Bath by Designer JohnWisner, which puts a huge white-tile tub

* According to the 1950 census, 55% of U.S.families owned their homes as against 43.6% in1940, and the rate is still climbing.

8 6

Courtesy Midtown Gal ler ies"EXECUTIVE OFFICE"

Also , f u r couches and ceramic p igs .

EUROPE has patched its maps of Africa with the colors of conquering

nations, yet the conquered remain as populous and dark-hued as ever. Dark too, for

white men, is the art of native Africans.Next week London's British Museum willopen an impressive show designed to illuminate it.

The exhibition comprises the 166-piececollection of a wealthy Philadelphia engineer named Webster Plass (who diedlast year) and his widow Margaret. Afri-canist William Fagg supplied a forewordto the exhibition catalogue that could alsobe taken as a friendly warning to visitors.To see the show clearly, said Fagg, it isnecessary to forget all about naturalism,which sprang from Greek art and survivedin the photographic age. "African art is anart not of analysis but of synthesis: theartist does not begin from the naturalform of, say, the human body ... He begins from a germinal concept which growsinto the finished work, developing, so tospeak, from the inside out and not fromthe outside in."

Seen in that way, carvings such as thoseshown opposite and on the following pageare not distortions of heads and bodies butexpressions of ideas. They are meant notso much to please the eye as to imitate,placate and cajole the gods and ghosts ofAfrica's numberless tribes. Many of thesculptors underwent long apprenticeships,were often members of an elite in theirtribes. Today, too many of them haveturned to spiritless apings of their own

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

'EXPLORERS STUDY"a bath in the living room.



MALE & FEMALE

Designed to be worn atop the head of a grass-clad Ekoi tribesman, this ritual adornment hasantelope skin covering. The black face is male.

HORNED HEADDRESS

Ornament worn at funerals and festivals byancestor-worshiping dancers of a Yoruba cult

is topped off by two horn-like plaits of hair.

DANCER'S STAFF

Yoruba dancers of the cult of Shan-go, god of thunder and fertility, carry staffs like this when they go intotheir hypnotic trances. Double-axmotif may be from ancient Crete.



SACRIFICIAL BRONZE

This i j th century head comesfrom the sacrificial altar of theKing's ancestors in the palace atBenin. Nigeria. Cast by a methoddeveloped by ancient Egyptians,it shows amazing technical skill.

GRADUATION MASK

Boys of the Belgian Congo designmasks like this to wear when theydance at their own graduationsfrom the Bayaka tribe's compulsory course in civics and ethics.

COMIC MASK

This wooden mask is worn by comic dancers ofBena Biombo tribe. Costume is so heavy thatdancers must stop to rest every few moments.

WOODEN PILLOW

The sisterly figures supporting this headrest

wear elaborate coiffures of the sort the pillow is designed to protect through the night.



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The Africans' extraordinary freedom inmaking shapes was what appealed most tothe modern artists who first put Africansculpture on the map. Painters Braque andPicasso and Sculptors Brancusi and Epstein were inspired to savage experimentation by African art. But moderns, for themost part, have imitated the forms ofAfrican sculpture, divorced from the spirit

inside them. By civilized standards, thatspirit is nightmarishly superstitious. Harmony and order -- as much a part of theclassical art heritage as realism -- are sacrificed to demoniac fervor. But Africansculpture has an intensity greater than anythat modern art has yet achieved.

C har l i e ' s MuseumMontana knew jus t how to honor a

favorite painter of the Old West. Last yearpeople throughout the state chipped in$75,000 for a museum to show the workof the late Charles Marion Russell, the

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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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PAINTER RUSSELL AT WORKHe wou ld never unders tand the fuss .

cowboy who exchanged the lariat for thebrush (TIME, Dec. 15). Last week themuseum was dedicated in Great Falls, andif modest Charlie Russell could have seenit, he would have grumbled and told people they were making too much of a fuss.

The museum's name plate is a repro

duction of Russell's neat signature. In thelobby of the modern brick building is awall-sized photograph of the artist at work,looking uncomfortable in a suit coat andstarched collar. Beyond is a gallery 40feet long, for 135 of Russell's best paintings and sculptures from his earliest periodup to his death in 1926: strictly realisticimages of dust-churning buffalo herds andgalloping Indian braves, rearing horses,squaws and cow pokes.

Some of the paintings are worth morethan $10,000 now. But Charlie Russell,who never could understand why peoplewere willing to pay big prices for his work,had given a good many of them to his

friends for a pittance, or swapped them fora $6 grocery bill at the general store.



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B U S I N E S S

U n i te d P re s s

Ann Rosener -- FORTUNE

91

W h a t R e c e s s i o n ?

Big Steel's Chairman Ben Fairless lastweek entered a strong dissent to the doleful predictions of recession.

"If I ... wanted to discredit the free-

enterprise system by producing a businessslump," Fairless told Detroit's EconomicClub, "I think I would start predictingfrom the housetops that hard times wereon their way. And if I could shout longenough and loud enough, and could getother people to take up my mournful cry,I think I could frighten millions . . . outof the market place." The only recessiondanger, said Fairless, is that the U.S.might "predict" itself into one.

For the steel industry, said Fairless, anytalk of a sudden drop in demand is allwrong. The whole industry will operateclose to 95% of capacity for the rest of1953 and turn out 7,000,000 more tons

than 1951 's alltime record. "I can onlysay that the employees and stockholdersof U.S. Steel would like to see that kindof recession for the rest of their lives."

He was not the only one who thoughtrecession talk exaggerated. Sears RoebuckChairman Robert E. Wood, still expansionist-minded, thought the stock market's hints of a business decline "onceagain . . . may be wrong," was still planning to open or enlarge eleven stores inthe next six months. Even Wall Street'sfrightened stock traders were taking a second look at the economy and new heartfrom what they saw.

The stock market, which for two weeks

had been climbing after its sharp drop, byweek's end had reached 263.31 on theDow-Jones industrial average, a 7.82 pointgain. The Commerce Department reportedthat in August, when cries of "soft spots"were everywhere, employment, income andsales either matched or topped the ratesof earlier months -- and Commerce had already pronounced it the best summer inhistory. August's retail sales of $14.2 billion were well above igsa's August figuredespite the head wave. And last week,after a slump early in September, retailsales were once more ahead of last year's.

A V I A T I O NE l e c t r o n i c B l o w - O f fOne of the most successful and most

essential companies in the U.S. aircraftindustry is California's Hughes AircraftCo., owned by eccentric Millionaire Howard Hughes. Concentrating almost entirely on electronics, it is the sole maker ofradar for Air Force interceptor planes, thesole builder of fire-control devices forNavy Banshee fighters. It also developedcontrols for an air-to-air guided missile soaccurate that tests of it were stopped because it was destroying too many droneplanes.

But last week Howard Hughes, who hashad plenty of troubles with RKO and

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

EX-VICE PRESIDENT GEORGEL i q u i d a t i o n p r e d i c t e d .

Dean Wooldridge, who came from BellLaboratories. On Thornton's advice, Hugheshad decided to give up the crowded fieldof air-frame building and concentrate onelectronics, reportedly over the strenuousobjection of Noah Dietrich, his chief industrial adviser. Ramo and Wooldridge,

because of their standing among electronicengineers -- and with unlimited funds provided by Hughes -- were able to round upmany of the top experts in the country.Hughes also persuaded General HaroldGeorge, wartime boss of the Air TransportCommand, to join the company, and hebecame vice president and general manager. Sales, which had been about $2,000,-ooo in 1948, soared to a rate of $200 million this year.

But Howard Hughes, who had providedGeneral George and the others a freehand, soon began to move in on the company's operations. As usual, he could seldom be found when needed, delayed mak

ing decisions, kept papers requiring actionin his pocket. Dietrich also began puttingin his oar. When the top men threatenedto quit, Air Force Secretary Harold Tal-bott visited the plant, reportedly hintedthat unless Hughes cleared up the trouble,it might be a good idea for him to sell outto somebody else.

A fortnight ago, Ramo and Wooldridgequit to form their own company; fiveother executives submitted their resignations. Last week Thornton and Georgequit, too. Said General George: "I wouldlike to paraphrase Churchill. I do not intend to preside over the liquidation of theHughes organization, and so help me God,if present policies are persisted in, theliquidation is inevitable." But HowardHughes disagreed, said that only a handful of his 17,000 employees had left andthat production would not be hamperedin any way.

FISCALTurnabou t

For the first time since the EisenhowerAdministration took office, the Treasurysaw a chance last week to borrow moneyat cheaper interest rates. The opportunitywas provided by a spectacular turnabout

in the Government securities market, asinvestors briskly bid up prices, thus lowering proportionately the interest rate theTreasury will have to pay to finance newdebts. For the first time since they wereissued, the Government's new 3^% 30-year bonds soared past 102, and 2 ^% Victory Loan bonds went up to 93 30/32,their best price since April. The upturnin the short-term money market was evensharper.

The Treasury took quick advantage ofthe rise. An issue of two-year Treasurynotes, priced last May to yield 2.16% to2.47%, was withdrawn from sale. TheTreasury will replace it with a new issue

at lower interest rates "to reflect recentchanges in the . . . market."

PRESIDENT HUGHESFree hand w i thdrawn.

other of his business ventures (TIME,Feb. 23), was hip deep in trouble with hissuccessful electronic company. The topechelon of men who had bui l t up thecompany had quit, and the Air Force wasfrantically trying to keep the quarrel fromslowing up the building of fighter planes.

Hughes Aircraft's rise is partly the workof a onetime Ford industrial managementexpert named Charles ("Tex") Thornton,

who became vice president and assistantgeneral manager, and two of the nation'stop electronics engineers, Simon Ramo,who came from General Electric, and Dr.

S T A T E O F B U S I N E S S



DICK & KATHY

YOUNG DOCTOR MALONE

MA PERKINS & EMPLOYEETaste belongs elsewhere.

92 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

SELLINGThe C leanup Man(See Cover )

Should Dick have suspected that thebaby was not his own -- especially as hehad been married to Kathy for only sevenmonths? After all, the doctor, to protectKathy, had said that the baby was premature. Then a nurse who was trying to

woo Dick away from Kathy tipped himoff that the infant was a full-term child.What Dick didn't know was that Kathyhad been married before -- for only a week(her husband was killed in an auto crash).Kathy, who thought her first marriage wasall a mistake, nevertheless felt so guiltyabout not telling Dick that she couldhardly bear to face him, instead startedlavishing all her affection on the baby.And Dick, feeling neglected, began to respond to the advances of the nurse. Willthe marriage be shattered? Or will Dicklearn the truth in time to save it?

As millions of housewives tuned in TheGuiding Light this week at the same time

(1:45 p.m., E.S.T., weekdays), same station (CBS), most were sure -- or almostsure -- that things would come out allright, as they eventually do in the sweet-sad world of soap opera. There was alsono doubt that things would come out allright for the program's sponsors: Procter& Gamble Co. 's Duz soap and IvoryFlakes. As any junior advertising executive can explain, soap operas "get moreadvertising messages across to the consumer" -- and sell more soap -- simply because the housewife can absorb the messages for hours on end while she goesabout her household chores.

No soapmaker is' more aware of thistheory than Procter & Gamble's PresidentNe i l Hos ie r McEl roy , a s handsome ,ruddy-faced and well-scrubbed as one ofhis own radio heroes. P. & G. was in theadvance guard of soap opera, helped startit on its interminable way more than 20years ago with The Puddle Family. P. & G.writers were among the first to learn thatthe trick is to spin the story out to fantastic lengths, with a flood of tears towash away every smile. This year, with13 soap operas on the air, P. & G. is thebiggest advertiser in the U.S., will spendan estimated $30 million in network radioand TV, $15 million in newspapers andmagazines.

On the Soapbox. The addition of soapoperas to American culture has been underconstant attack for years. To every complaint, the soapmakers have a crisply pragmatic answer: they are written as theyare because that is what their audiencewants. When asked what he thinks of hissoap operas, P. & G.'s President McElroy,no steady listener himself, is apt to get upon one of his own soapboxes: "The problem of improving the literary tastes of thepeople is the problem of the schools. Thepeople who listen to our programs aren'tintellectuals -- they're ordinary people,good people, who win wars for us, produceour manufactured products and grow ourfood. They use a lot of soap."

By soap, he also means synthetic detergents* -- the fast-growing competitor ofold-fashioned soaps. And the way the selling spiels of P. & G.'s soaps and detergents deride each other 's qualities isoften completely bewildering.

"Those new detergents may be all rightfor dishes," warns pure (9944/100%),mild Ivory Soap on The Road of Life, "butyour hands aren't made of china." Voting

Doctor Malone, on the other hand, plugsa liquid dishwashing detergent: "Joy'slotion-soft suds feel so good on yourhands." Ma Perkins suggests "Brand newOxydol [with a] new detergent formula,"to get clothes "whiter than sun-white."But according to The Guiding Light, "Duzdoes a wash like no detergent can -- it's thesoap in Duz that does it!" On Life Can BeBeautiful, life can really be beautiful ifTide is used ("Gets clothes cleaner thanany soap") ; on Backstage Wife, Cheer's"blue magic" guarantees "the whitest,brightest and the cleanest wash possible."

Since each of these programs also plugsother cleansing products (Drene and Shas

ta shampoos, Ivory Snow and Flakes, Spicand Span), it is a wonder that the housewife can ever make up her mind whichone to buy. But as long as she buys one,P. & G. will be happy. It makes them all.Now the na t ion 's la rges t soapmaker ,P. & G. manages to sell 119 bars, boxes,bottles and cans of its products every second of every day, every day of the year.Its share of the U.S. soap market hasrisen from 30% in 1925 to 40% in 1951.While Lever Bros., the No. 2 soapmaker,and Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Co., No. 3,napped, P. & G. took 69% of the detergentmarket.

The Tide of Revolut ion. At a t ime

when many a U.S. businessman fearsa recession and the threat of much toughercompetition, P. & G. is a prime exampleof i) how to sell goods despite recessions,and 2) how bitter competition both insideand outside a company can make it grow.Although P. & G.'s practice of lettingIvory Soap dispute the claims of detergentTide makes li t t le sense to many otherbusinessmen, P. & G.'s McElroy thinksthat it is the only way to keep his soapsalesmen on their toes. He is never happier than when all of his products arebusy fighting each other for sales.

The most notable example of P. & G.'shabit of competing with itself was its in

troduction of the synthetic detergent. Itwas. says McElroy, "the first big changein soapmaking in 2,000 years." The company, licensed to work with German patents, brought out its first detergent, Dreft,in 1933. But its use was too specialized(i.e., for fine fabrics and dishes), and notuntil 1945 was P. & G. able to begin marketing an all-purpose detergent, Tide.

Though P. & G. stil l turns out some500 million bars of Ivory Soap a year --enough to give everyone in the world

* Made of alcohol sulphates and sodium phosphate. Though "detergent" actually means anytype of cleanser, including soap, in popular

usage it now means one based on chemicalsinstead of natural fats or oils.



TIME CLOCK

TO spur atom-bomb protection forkey industries, the Government

will soon allow companies tax writeoffs on 100% of the cost of buildingbomb shelters and shoring up plantstructures to withstand atom bombing. Slated for the first certificate:Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., biggest U.S. machine-tool builder.

WILLIAM Zeckendorf, boss ofManhattan's Webb & Knapp

real-state and investment f irm, isplanning a huge, new project: a 22-story, $100 million building to covertwo blocks on New York City's WestSide as a showcase for American merchandise. The building, rising abovethe Pennsylvania Railroad's underground tracks, would have more floorspace (6,000,000 to 7,000,000 sq. ft.)than any other building in the world,and have a heliport on the roof.

DISTILLERS, who once bottledonly their premium brands in de

canters, are stampeding to get their

lower-priced whiskies into decantersin time for the holiday trade. Schen-ley, first to bottle a blended whiskyin decanters, has already had a 400%pickup in fall sales to wholesalers.But other distillers are close behind:Owens-Illinois Glass Co. is now making decanters for eight disti l lers v.only two last year.

THE Air Force will spend $250million to increase production of

B-52 bombers and tool up Boeing'sWich i ta , Kans . p lant as a secondsource of supply for the bombers, nowbeing made only in Seattle. Production of North American's supersonicfighter, the F-100, will also be stepped

up, even though testing has not beencompleted, because the plane performed so well in its first flights.

AGRICULTURE Secretary Benson hopes to shift more of his big

lending operations on commodities toprivate lenders. Under his plan, theCommodity Credit Corp., which nowhas $3,476,300,000 t ied up in croploans and inventories, would sell partof its loans to banks, guaranteeingthem 3% interest if they handle the

for Public Schools. He doesn't keep upwith all his own soap operas (there aretoo many), listens in only when drivinghis car. He seldom brings work homewith him, spends plenty of time with hishandsome wife Camilla (who often accompanies him on business tr ips) andtheir three children: 1 7-year-old NancySue ("Bitsy"), now a Bryn Mawr freshman; Barbara Ellen, 15; chunky MalcolmNeil, 10, who McElroy describes as a"champion consumer."

One reason McElroy seldom becomesexcited in the excitable world of soap isthat Procter & Gamble has been decentralized until it is virtually a cluster ofseparate organizations, each with its ownboss. For every P. & G. product, there isa "brand man" who takes full responsibility for results. If sales slip, it is up to the

four baths -- Tide was soon revolutionizing the washday habits of the U.S., andthe tide of revolution began to sweepsoap flakes and granules on .to the backshelves. Among the hardest hit was P. &G.'s own Oxydol, long a top nationalseller with the devoted followers of MaPerkins. Distressed at their falling sales,Oxydol men scurried to the P. & G. research people who had caused all the

havoc by the ir development of Tide .Could they do something for Oxydol? Nosoap, said the research department ; detergents are the coming thing. Well, then,how about letting Oxydol in on the bonanza? President McElroy agreed, andthe product was converted. "New Detergent Oxydol" has since climbed back tofourth place among washday products, isstill growing.

Tide continued to grow so fast t hatlast year Neil McElroy supplied it withsome more competition. He brought outCheer, another detergent, which settledinto second place (third: Colgate's Fab).

Opening the Door. The revolution that

P. & G. fathered not only gave its old-fashioned soaps new compet i t ion, i topened the door to competition for thewhole soap industry from the chemicalmakers, who supplied many of the rawmaterials for the detergents. Monsanto,backed by huge research funds, introduced All, persuaded washing-machinemakers to hand it out to their customers.General Aniline brought out Glim, a liquiddetergent for dishwashing.

To counteract such competition in detergents, Neil McElroy last week wastest-marketing a whole list of new produ c t s : L a n a , a h o m e p e r m a n e n t f o rbleached or frizzled hair; Fluff o, a new

shortening to compete with P. & G.'sfamed Crisco; Gleem, a new toothpaste"for people who can't brush after everymeal" (P. & G. is sure that includes justabout everybody); Zest, a detergent barfor baths and showers.

Bright Young Men. For all his high-powered selling methods, the nation's No.i soap salesman is no backslapping glad-hander in the tradition of the Americandrummer. At 48, Neil McElroy, a towering 6 f t . 4 in. , given to conserva t iveclothes, is a methodical man, with a quicksmile and the unruffled air of a winningpoker player. His wavy hair is greying,his blue eyes sharp. He keeps his 210 Ibs.in trim shape with plenty of tennis.

Up by 7 every morning in his 15-roomgrey stucco house in Cincinnati, McElroybreakfasts on whatever suits his fancy,e.g., bacon & eggs one day, chocolatecake the next ("I figure eating cake inthe morning doesn't hurt the waistline").He is at work before 9 -- but not always inhis office. He spends much of his timeseeing the company's big team of "brightyoung men" and vis i t ing his 35 U.S.plants. One of the most public-spiritedbusinessmen in the U.S., McElroy devotes up to a third of his t ime to suchfunctions as Community Chest, Cincin

nati's Citizens Development Committeeand the National Citizens Commission

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

brand man to find out why. If an ad goessour, the brand man gets on the agency'sback. If more production is needed, it isup to him to try to get i t . And when acompeting company puts out a product ata lower price or with a new "wonder" ingredient, P. & G.'s brand man must knowabout it and have a comeback. Broadcompany policy is set by Chairman Richard R. Deupree, McElroy and the otherdirectors. But the big operating decisionsare made by McElroy himself, and theyare usually made with quick efficiency.

McElroy belongs to the new breed ofscientific salesmen who base their sellingnot on emotional appeal but on facts &figures. Are sales slipping in Milwaukee?Research will find the reason why. Is therea new product to be sold? Chart s andtables are at hand to tell exactly what

93

paper work, 2^% if they do not. Thus,pr ivate banks , not the Treasury ,would put up much of the money fornew support loans.

BRITAIN'S Jaguar Cars Ltd . ,whose sleek sports cars lead all

other imported makes in dollar salesin the U.S., hopes to get more of the

American market by cutting prices.Reductions range from $190 up to$889 (e.g., from $4,039 to $3,345 forits open two-seater sport), Jaguar'sfirst big price slash in the U.S. automarket since World War II.

I N V E S T M E N T b a n k e r s c a n e xpect less SEC red tape. Among

pending reforms: 1) shortening ofthe 20-day waiting period before better-grade debt securities can be sold;2) shorter registration forms for investment trust and high-grade bonds.

OIL companies may shortly beasked by the Government to join

forces to build a huge new defense

project: a mammoth, 36-in. oil pipeline to bring oil from Texas and theM i d w e s t t o t h e E a s t C o a s t . T h e"Giant Inch" would cost more than$200 million, deliver from 750,000 to1,000,000 bbls. of oil a day, more thanthree t imes the capacity of the BigInch pipeline.

TWO big auto suppliers, Timken-Detroit Axle Co. and Standard

Steel Spring, will shortly merge asthe Rockwell Spring & Axle Co., withcombined assets of $155 million andexpected 1953 sales of $400 million.The two fit together nicely: Timken-Detroit supplies parts for trucks andtractors, Standard springs and bump

ers for cars.ATR freight carriers, whose busi

ness has skyrocketed 2 ,000%since 1946, expect to boost minimumair freight rates 25%. The hike, tentatively okayed by CAB, was requestedby Slick and Flying Tiger, all-cargocarr iers . But American Air l ines ,which leads all others in ton-milesof freight carried, is fighting the increase on the ground that i t wi l l"scare off customers."



the new product should be and how tosell it. "Mac is especially tough on accuracy," says one colleague. "If you wantto tell him something, you have to havecomplete support for your statement.Don't guess, and for God's sake don'tjust give your opinion."

"Blessed by the Pope." P. & G. learnedlong ago not to t ake any assumption forgranted. Once an advertising layout was

proposed, using the traditional prescription symbol 1$; researchers found that40% of the women they interviewed hadno idea what i t meant . Another t imeP. & G. planned to use the word "concentrated" in an ad, discovered that manyhousewives thought it meant "blessed bythe Pope." President McElroy and everyone else at P. & G. constantly bear inmind the fact that woman is fickle -- andher memory short. She must be constantly reminded of the product she loves.For example, during World War II's materials shortage, P. & G. dropped Chipso,once the nation's No. i packaged soap. Atwar's end, Chipso was put on sale again.

But P. & G. was amazed to f ind tha thousewives had forgotten an old favorite,so Chipso was dropped for good.

In the low-price field, a housewife'sloyalty is ephemeral. Just when she isreaching for a cake of Ivory, her eye maybe caught by a competing brand with apremium of a tube of toothpaste thrownin, or new promises of health and happiness. The selling lures must be constantly changed. For years, contests wereP. & G.'s most successful promotions: ithas given away well over $1,000,000 incash and prizes, including some 300 autos,and a handful of life annuities of $1,000to $1,200 a year. Right now, P. & G.'sCamay is running a $50,000 contest to

T I M E C h a r t b y J . D o n o v a n

get new customers ("I like new Camaywith Cold Cream because . . . " ) . ButMcElroy's admen think the days of contests are numbered, since prizes nowadays have to be tremendous to raise muchinterest.

All this super-selling started in 1837,when British-born William Procter, a can-dlemaker, and Irish-born James Gamble,a soapmaker, married sisters and went

into business together. At the beginning,they peddled their crude soap and candlesin a wheelbarrow in Cincinnati, then afrontier town. But as the region grew up,the company prospered. Soon its wareswere being shipped by boat to New Orleans, Louisville and Pittsburgh, and grosssales rose to $1,000,000 a year.

P. & G. got its first mass-productionorders in the Civil War, when it suppliedall the soap for the Union armies of theWest. Then, one day in 1875, a forgetfulworkman made a mistake that was to moldthe company's future: he left his soap-mixing machine running during lunchhour, thus turned out a batch of soap full

of tiny air bubbles. It seemed a dreadfulmistake, but somehow the batch got outof the factory.

Soon P. & G. was swamped with ordersfor "more of this f loa t ing soap." ( Inthe years since then, P. & G. admits toonly two documented instances of cakesthat sank -- probably because the airbubbles had been squeezed out duringstorage.) In church one day, Harley Procter, a son of the founder, found a namefor the new product in Psalms: "All thygarments smell of myrrh and aloes and

* To promote its Dial' soap, Armour & Co. last

week announced a contest with a producing oilwell as first prize.

9 4 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3



* * * P U T T H I S O N Y O U R M E M O P A D * * *

BY BUSINESSEXECUTIVES

on-tfie-park1 6 0 C E N T R A L P A R K S O U T H * N E W Y O R KVincent J. Coyle, V ice-President y Managing Dir.

i l i l i l p l i l l * I : |

9 6

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C l e v e l a n d ' s

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o f C l e v e l a n dC l e v e l a n d 1 . O h i o

cassia, out of the ivory palaces wherebythey have made thee glad."

Up in Smoke. Gradual ly, the Gambles drifted out of company operations;the Procters, a cool and quick-thinkingbreed of businessmen, carried on. Oneday second-generation President WilliamA. Procter was lunching at his club indowntown Cincinnati when a messengerbrought word that the factory was on fire,and P. & G.'s vast warehouse suppliesof fats and oils were going up in smoke.Instead of rushing to the scene of the disaster, Procter went to the telegraph office,dispatched wires and cables to the oilmarkets of the world, bought all the oilfutures he could. Not only did he thusavoid a squeeze at the hands of speculatorsbut he had plenty of raw materials onhand when P. & G.'s new plant, Ivorydale,opened in Cincinnati's suburbs.

The forward-looking Procters knew howto take care of their employees as well asthemselves. They pioneered (1887) inprofit sharing, and last year P. & G.'s employees got $8,000,000, or 8.7% of totalcompany profits before taxes. Colonel Wil

liam Cooper Procter, third-generation bossof P. & G. and a leading Episcopalian layman, had a still more modern idea. Foryears P. & G.'s production had fluctuatedwith the buying whims of wholesalers. Ifthe wholesalers thought prices were heading higher , they loaded up; i f pr icesseemed to be going down, they cut backsharply, and hundreds of P. & G. employees would be laid off. Colonel Procterreasoned that soap output should be governed by actual consumption of soap, afairly constant factor.

Procter forthwith cut down on outsidemiddlemen, and by setting up a networkof P. & G.'s own distributors, flattened

out the peaks and valleys. In 1923 P. & G.installed its guaranteed-employment plan,first of its kind in the U.S., and assuredhourly workers 48 weeks' employmenta year . In those days , such advancedmanagement methods were nothing shortof revolutionary. Today, they are considered a normal part of labor relationsat P. & G. They have cut employee t urnover from 133.7% to less than i% a year,kept the company unhampered by outsideunions and major strikes,, and left it freeto concentrate on its main job of selling.P. & G. treats i ts top men with equalgenerosity. President McElroy, who started out with P. & G. as a $100-a-monthclerk 28 years ago, now earns $240,000a year.

Economics , Br idge & Poke r . Ne i lHosier McElroy was born in Berea, Ohio,on Oct. 30, 1904, and raised in Madison-ville, a suburb of Cincinnati, where hisfather was a high-school physics instructor,his mother a grade-school teacher. It was astrict Methodist household, but father andmother McElroy sensibly decided that iftheir three sons were to learn the ways ofthe world, they might as well do so at

* But not out of ownership. Cincinnati Philanthropist Cecil H. Gamble, 69, grandson of Founder James, is currently a P. & G. director and one

of the biggest single stockholders. No Proctersare connected with P. & G. today.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3



Systems were

Facts prove this " f r ic t ion, Fighter* most ef f ic ient,

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t a c e u « x - - - > l a n t R e p l a c e m e n t p a r t sS ^ N o r t h C a n t o n O h , o ^ n t . K P ^ = . t i m e

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T ^ p ' s o l v e t h e s e P ( T M ) ^ ^ ^ ^ w o r k10 i i c i f ^ - rwMMal i s t was> «-c i i J .v - _4 . , , j - . r

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** - eliminated'.

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get

w i t h

T O W E L S

T O I L E T T I S S U E

You can cut washroom costs byordering Nibroc Towels and Toilet

Tissue together, thereby gettingquantity discount. Absorbent, softand strong, Nibroc products are thebest washroom good-will-buildersyou can buy. No wonder they arefirst choice among industrial andinst i tut ional purchasing agentsevery where. White or natural; towelsmultifold or singlefold.

J u l i a n n e B a k e r

home. Instead of having their boys hanging around the local pool hall, they installed a pool table of their own. On Sundayevenings the family gathered for a weeklyconcert, with mother at the piano, theboys playing the clarinet, flute and Frenchhorn, and father McElroy singing.

In their spare time, the boys worked tohelp make ends meet, in line with thefamily philosophy: "God will provide ifyou will get out and scratch." Neil mowedlawns, shoveled snow, wrapped bundles

in a laundry, worked in a can factory.By the time he finished high school, hehad saved $1,000. Like his brothers before him, he applied for a Harvard Clubscholarship ("because it was available"),took a competitive exam and won.

At Harvard, he earned part of his wayplaying for dances at Wellesley with aband of his own (he played piccolo andpiano). He played center on the basketball team, headed Sigma Alpha Epsilon,Harvard's last remaining national fraternity. He majored in economics (B average), neither smoked nor drank (he likesan occasional drink now), but was notabove staying up all night playing low-

stake bridge and poker.Running Hop. After college, McElroy

got a job at P. & G. as mail clerk in theadvertising department, learned the ins& outs by reading mail from P. & G.'shouse-to-house selling crews, ad agencyand distributors. He planned to go backto Harvard Business School, but he traveled so fast in P. & G. that he never did.After a stint selling soap, he was mademanager of the company's then smallpromotion department. At 26, he wassent abroad to help take over a small soapplant in England, there got a good education in a diversity of problems: manufacturing, purchasing, delivery.

Back in the U.S., McElroy got his first

98 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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B R O W N

SOAPMAKER McELROY AT HOME*

' G o d w i l l p r o v i d e i f y o u g e t o u t a n d s c r a t c h . "

big chance in P. & G.'s advertising department. His boss, tending a sick wife,was often absent, so it was up to McElroy to run things. Says he: "It was thekind of a situation bound to lead to thehothouse development of a man -- or breakhim completely." Gradually McElroy'sability caught the eye of P. & G.'s longtime President Richard R. Deupree.

For years P. & G. products had gonetheir separate ways, taking care not tostep on one another's toes. But in the late

'203, the company had brought out IvoryFlakes, started production of granulatedsoap, bought up Oxydol, Lava, Duz. McElroy had a new idea for selling them:Why not have a f ree-for-a l l , wi th noholds barred? "At first," says he, "someof the more conservative members of thecompany cringed at the idea of having apunch taken at ourselves by ourselves."But eventually McElroy won his point,persuaded his elders that the way to keepfast-growing P. & G. from becoming tooclumsy was to have it compete with itself.

President Deupree. a supersalesmanwho played a big part in P. & G.'s big expansion, liked the idea. He also pushed

the company heavily into radio and soapopera. As McElroy moved up to advertising manager, vice president and president(Deupree became chairman in 1948), hebuilt the individual "brand management"system that gives P. & G. its competitivedrive today, and the research staff thathas kept new P. & G. products rolling onto the market.

Radioactive Wash. P. & G. values research so highly that six out of every 100employees are engaged in some kind ofresearch project. At the company's new$5,000,000 Miami Valley research lab-

* With Wife Camilla, Daughters Nancy Sue and

Barbara Ellen, Son Malcolm Neil.

COMPANY, Berlin, New Hampshire

CORPORATION, La Tuque, Quebec

General Sales Offices:

150 Causeway Stree t , Bos ton 14 , Mass .

Dominion Square Bldg., Montreal, Quebec



oratory, McElroy's special pride, morethan a hundred scientists work over theirtest tubes, taking competitors' productsapart and putting new ones together.

Sometimes research leads P. & G. farafield. Long a seller of cellulose (a byproduct of cottonseed crushing) to thechemical and plastics industries, P. & G.recently found the demand far biggerthan i t could supply. Pres ident McElroy's solution was typical. He bought560.000 acres of pineland in Florida, set

up a $35 million plant to produce cellulose f rom wood pulp, now has his researchers testing ways to use the part ofthe pine tree not used for cellulose.

P. & G. laboratory workers can oftenbe found sitting between troughs of sudsywater, an arm resting in each, to see howthe skin reacts to different soaps and detergents. Clothes are soiled with radioactive dirt, "Geiger-counted" after everywashing. Researchers work daily on suchquestions as: What holds dirt on clothand skin? What do suds accomplish?(Mainly, they accomplish sales. Nonsuds-ing detergents often work just as well,

but many women won't buy them.)P . & G . h i r e s housewives to washclothes in the laboratory as they would athome, maintains a beauty shop where awoman employee can have her hair shampooed free -- half with a P. & G. product,the other half with a competing shampoo.The company keeps a staff of bakers busydeveloping new recipes for Crisco and itsbakery-trade shortenings (latest treat: achocolate-coated ice-cream cone), is nowworking with soybean oil in the hope ofcashing in on the boom in "frozen custard" and other ice-cream substitutes.

Use & Compare. When the laboratorypeople have finally perfected a new prod

uct, P. & G.'s marketing operation beginswith all the precision of an amphibiouslanding. A staff of 125 P. & G. girls (nottoo pre t ty, les t they a t t rac t too manymarriage proposals; not too homely, lestthey jump at the first offer) travels allover the U.S., talking to half a millionwomen a year, handing out new productsfor housewives to "use and compare."Though P. & G. has a long list of productnames already patented aad ready foruse, its ad agencies often run contests toget new ones. They must be easy to remember , s imple to pronounce on theradio, fit well into advertising slogans("Tide's in; dirt's out").

When a new product hits a "test market" city, P. & G. trucks roll slowly downthe streets while teams of men swarm in& out of houses handing out samples. Bigchanges in a product are often made during such test-marketing. Cheer was firstput out as a white detergent. Then someone suggested that it be dyed blue andtried out. The blue not only sold muchbetter (especially among women who usedbluing in their wash), but it also supplieda catchy ad slogan: "It's new! It's blue!It's Blue Magic!"

Headaches & Rewards. All P. & G.'scareful planning, diligent research andhard selling have their rewards. Only once(in the commodity collapse of 1921) has

Informat ion on any ACCO productg lad ly sen t on reques t

/ * * S e w i n g ^Industry

TransportationAgriculture,

. a n d t h e\ H o m e ' *

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3 9 9

ACCOv products ,

W H A T i s AP I T C H C O N T R O L 7

A flexible Push-Pull devicewhich changes the pitch ofairplane propellers. It eliminates rods, links and cranksand reduces friction andpower required for operation.It is made by ACCO'sAutomotive &Aircraft Divisionwhich also makes

aircraft cables, brake

cables, and Tru-Stoptruck and bus brakes.

W H I C H C A M E F I R S T -L O C O M O T I V E O R A U T O M O B I L E 3Strangely enough, the auto fa steam-driven

road tractor) in 1770. But it was 1900before automobiles frightened many horses.In 1903 Weed Tire Chains began to help

cars, trucks and tractorsthrough mud and

snow- Today's WeedV-8ar chains- finestever made-givetraction you can

trust, even on ice orhard-packed snow.

American Chain & Cable (ACCO) makes many essent ia l products:

American Chain & CableB R I D G E P O R T 2 , C O N N E C T I C U T

WEED T i re C ha i ns

PA G E C ha i n L i nk Fe nc e ,W i r e a n d W e l d i n g R o d s

W R I G H T a n d F O R D H o i s t s

TR U - LA Y Pre f orme d Wi re R opeT R U - L A Y C a b l e a n d T R U - t O C

Sw a ge d Te rmi na l s f or A i rc ra f t

C A M PB ELL A bra s i v e C ut t e rs

" R O C K WELL" H a rdne s s Te s t e rs

HELICOID Pressure Gages

A M E R I C A N C h a i n

P E N N S Y L V A N I A L a w n M o w e r s

H A Z A R D P r e f o r m e d W i r e R o p e

R - P & C Va l v e s a nd F i t t i ngs

TR U - STO P Eme rge nc y B ra k e s

M A N L E Y A u t o m o t i v e E q u i p m e n t

A C C O St e e i C a s t i ngs

M A R Y L A N D B o l t s a n d N u t s

OWEN Si lent Springs

D U A LO C S l i ngs



P. & G. shown a loss; since th e war, itssales have more than doubled -- to $850million in the last fiscal year (net: $42million). But growth has also broughtsome headaches.

For their grandiose advertising claims,the soapmakers are often in trouble withthe Federal Trade Commission. P. & G.admen have a simple explanation for thefree-handed promises: "Have you everlistened to women talk? They never say,

'Tha t ' s a n ice ha t . ' They say , Tha t ' sabsolutely the cutest hat I've ever seen.'Women talk in hyperbole. So that's theway we've got to talk to them. It's theonly language they understand." Nevertheless, P. & G. has had to stop claimingcurative powers for its shampoos, thatCamay "will keep the skin young," t hat

Why undergo the annoyance of the feeling of tiredeyes? In seconds, Murine wakes

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A D D , S U B T R A C T , M U L T I P L Y , D I V I D Ew i t h t h e

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F A C I TM A D E I N S W E D E N

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CHALFONTE ̂ HADDON HALLo n t h e B o a r d w a l k , A t l a n t i c C i t y , N . J .

Operated by Leeds & Lippincot t Co. for 63 yearsW r i t e f or i l l us t ra ted f o lder N o. 5

F R E E S e n d f o r o u r t h r i l l i n g 1 8 - p g . C h r i s t m a s b o o k

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S P E C I A L - - W o r l d ' s m o s t b e a u t i f u l C h r i s t m a s T r e e ! ! !

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f i ts the assor ted p ieces o f the, J | | 4 s n e w s t o g e t h e r t o b r i n g

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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

S I M P L I C I T Y I T S E L F - t h a t ' s t h eamazing Fac i t ! I t 's so easy to opera t e . . .

B E G I N N E R S C A N L E A R N t o u s eF a c i t i n m i n u t e s .

E FFO R TL E S S , H I G H -S P E E D t o u c hf i g u r i n g - - t a p o u t a l l c a l c u l a t i o n so n t h e F a c i t e f f i c i e n c y - d e s i g n e d1 0 -k e y k e y b o a rd .

A U T O M A T I C C H E C K - f i g u r e s r em a i n i n a l l 3 r e g i s t e r s .

C O M P A C T F A C I T t a k e s l i t t l e m o r es p a c e t h a n a t e l e p h o n e . S o l i g h ta n d p o r t a b l e - - c a r r y i t a n y w h e re .

TO P C H O I C E i n o v e r 1 0 0 c o u n t r i e s

- - n o t j u s t f o r i t s s i m p l i c i t y a n dc o m p a c t n e s s b u t b u s i n e s s m e nh a v e d i s c o v e r e d F a c i t t o u c h f i g u ri n g m e a n s f a s t e s t a n d m o s t a c c ura t e c a l c u l a t i n g .

R U S T P R O O F , D U S T P R O O F , F O O LP R O O F - - m a d e o f e n d u r i n g S w e di s h s t e e l . F i n e s t s e r v i c e - - f a c t o r yt r a i n e d - - i n 1 2 5 c i t i e s f r o m c o a s t -t o - c o a s t - - b a c ke d b y 1 0 - y e a r s u p pl yo f s p a r e p a r t s . F a c i t m a k e s e l e ct r i c a n d h a n d -o p e ra t e d c a l c u l a t o rs ,a l s o f a m o u s O d h n e r a d d i n gm a c h i n e s .

FOUNDER WILLIAM PROCTERAfter a wheelbarrow, an Ivory palace.

Tide and Cheer will get clothes as cleanwithout rinsing as other products willwith rinsing. When FTC cracks down,P. & G. complies promptly -- unless it canprove its claim on the basis of its research.

Last year, in the waning days of theTruman Administration, the Justice Department's antitrusters brought a civilsuit against P. & G., Colgate and Lever,

charged the three with monopolizing thesoap market by exchanging price information. Under its new Republican bosses,the Justice Department still plans to trythe case. But since a grand jury studiedthe case for 18 months and found nocause for criminal action, McElroy issure he will win.

Neil McElroy is just as confident abouthis company's future. But if sales start toslide, says he, "We'll find the reason why.Then we'll give it hell." It is a long-standing P. & G. belief that if a man invents abetter mousetrap, no one will beat a pathto his door unless he goes out and tellspeople about it. Neil McElroy does not

intend to le t anyone forge t about hismousetraps.



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G O V E R N M E N TEnd o f a Mara thon

"I come to this case," said FederalJudge Harold R. Medina 34 months ago,"without any knowledge of the investment banking business, but I intend to getmy teeth into this matter." The court wassoon wondering whether there was anything to chew on at all. For nearly threeyears, Medina fidgeted with ill-concealedimpatience while Justice Department lawyers tried to prove that 1 7 big investmentbanks had conspired to monopolize thesecurities business through the syndicatesystem of negotiated bidding.

To try to prove their charge, the Government lawyers probed practices in thebanking business dating back to the 1912Pujo investigation of the "money trust."But, as exasperated Judge Medina pointedout repeatedly, they failed to produce asingle instance of deliberate conspiracy.Finally, after 16 months, the Governmentgot down to the key part of its case: anattempt to show that the bankers had invented the syndicate system in 1915. But

one of the two Government witnesses,Harold L. Stuart, 72, head of Chicago'shuge Halsey, Stuart & Co., directly contradicted the Government's contentions.He said that his firm had used the syndicate system long before 1915.

The defense did not have to present itsside. Last week, after 5,000,000 words oftestimony, Judge Medina dismissed thesuit "on the merits and with prejudice"(i.e., the Government cannot reopen thecase, although it can appeal Judge Medina's decision to the U.S. Supreme Court).There was no proof whatever, said Medina,of any conspiracy, and therefore "the monopoly charges fall of their own weight."

In all , the marathon trial had cost thebankers at least $4,000,000, and some estimates ran as high as $7,500,000. Howmuch it cost taxpayers, nobody knew.

PERSONNELUp f rom the Ranks<I Everett D. Reese, 55, longtime campaigner for adequate credit for small business, was elected president of the American Bankers Association, which represents 98% of all U.S. banks. Ohio-bornand educated, Reese worked his waythrough grade and high school selling papers, through Ohio State peddling milkand fraternity jewelry, went on to teacheconomics at Ohio State and GeorgiaTech before starting as a teller with theNewark (Ohio) Park National Bank. Herose to president in 1926, has since boosted assets from $1,700,000 to $19 million.<J Walter B. Gerould, 53, vice presidentand comptroller for A. G. Spalding &Bros., became president, succeeding William T. Brown, who died recently. Gerouldstarted selling Spalding's sporting goodsthe year he graduated from Cornell ('21),worked up through accounting to a vicepresidency in 1937. An enthusiastic golfer,he gets a handicap of 14 when he plays

Spalding's stable of pros, but- is beaten"rather frequently" by his wife.

PHILLIPSMilk of Magnesia

Garage entrance on La Salle at Randolph St.

Telephone: Franklin 2-2100T e l e t y p e : C G 1 3 8 7

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

Home of NBC's "WELCOME TRAVELERS'shows starring Tommy Bartlett.

COLLEGE INN PORTERHOUSE %for best steaks in town.



THIS new Samson Tablet-ArmC h a i r p r o v i d e s r e a l c o m f o r t

and convenience for note- takingin a company meeting; in a schoolclassroom; in a church group; orfor your stenographer 's use! Armopens or folds away as the cha iris opened or folded!

T h e s t u r d y t a b l e t - a r m i s m a d eof five plies of selected hardwoods,the chair legs and frame of electrically welded, tubular steel, Bonder-ized and finished in chip-resistantbaked enamel . Sea t is concaved,back rest compound-curved.

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M I L E S T O N E S

Born. To Rudolph Halley, 40, lawyer,TV star (the 1950-51 Kefauver CrimeCommittee hearings), president of theNew York city council and Liberal Partycandidate for mayor, and Janice BroshHalley, 33, his third wife (his first andsecond wives divorced him): their firstchild (his third), a son; in Manhattan.

Weight: 7 Ibs. 12 oz.

Married. Rita Hayworth, 33, cinemactress (Salome); and Dick Haymes, 35,Argentine-born Hollywood crooner (OneTouch of Venus) ; both for the fourt htime; in Las Vegas, Nev. (see PRESS).

Died. Jacobo Maria del Pilar CarlosManuel Stuart Fitz-James y Falco, 74,17th Duke of Alba de Tormes, Spain'swartime ambassador to the Court of St.James's; after long illness; in Lausanne,Switzerland. Grandest of Spain's grandees,he owned castles in almost every majorcity, had some 65 titles, including that of

Duke of Berwick (a Stuart title not recognized by Britain). When civil war brokeout in 1936, the Anglophile Duke soughtto swing Britain to Franco's cause. AfterWorld War II, he disputed Franco's rightto rule, favoring a return to monarchy,but, too powerful to be exiled, returnedto Spain to live out his old age.

Died. William Woodward, 77, millionaire Wall Street banker and breeder ofthoroughbred race horses, whose BelairStud farm produced three Kentucky Derby winners (Gallant Fox in 19 30, Omahain 1935, Johnstown in 1939); in Manhattan.

Died. Margaret Anna Bird Insull, 80,widow of Samuel Insull, onetime Midwest utilities czar; in Chicago. A notedBroadway beauty, she married Insull in1899, and became a princess of Chicagosociety. She tried in vain to make a stagecomeback a t 42, ten years la te r sank$200,000 in a benefit production of TheSchool for Scandal. In 1932, when the$3 billion Insull empire disintegrated, shefled to Europe with her husband, laterurged him to surrender and face trial oncharges of fraudulent bankruptcy and embezzlement. During Insull's famed trialsand acquittals (1932-35), she stuck loyally by him, after his death in 1938 soldher furs and jewelry, spent her remaining years in comfortable obscurity onChicago's North Side.

Died. Edith Conway Ringling, 84, widow of Circus Founder Charles Ringling(who died in 1926) and board chairman(since 1950) of Ringling Bros, and Bar-num & Bailey Circus; in Sarasota, Fla.

Died. Edward Julian Nally, 94, pioneer developer of U.S. radio, who becamefirst president of Radio Corp. of America(1919), and established the first transat

lantic commercial radio circuit (1920);in Bronxville, N.Y.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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M U T U A L , I N C .

Minneapolis , Minnesota

THERE'S NO

TIME LIKE THE

PRESENT TO

BE READING

TIME

C I N E M A

Based on Adria Locke Langley's 1945bestseller, the film is laid in an unspecified"cotton-growing state" that is readilyidentifiable as Huey Long's Louisiana.Demagogue Cagney, married to a Yankeeschoolteacher (Barbara Hale) and deep inan affair on the side with a swamp siren(Anne Francis), mounts the first rung of

the political ladder by accusing a wealthycotton-ginner of short-weighting the localfarmers. When one of his followers kills adeputy and is shot, in turn, while awaitingtrial, Cagney grabs headlines by haling thedying man into court and insisting thatthe trial be held.

Raoul Walsh's direction keeps the filmmoving briskly and Cagney dominates thefilm in the grand manner of the 19305,when he was Hollywood's top tough-guy

1 0 4

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The Wall Street Journal has the largest staff of writers on business and finance. It costs $20 a year, but in order toa c q u a i n t y o u w i t h T h e J o u r n a l , w emake th i s o f fe r : You can ge t a Tr i a lSubscript ion for 3 months for $6 ( inU. S. and Possessions). Just send this adwith check for $6. Or tell us to bill you.Address: The Wal l S t reet Journal , 44Broad St . , New York 4, N.Y. TM10-5

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N o t i c e o f 5 2 n d

C o n s e c u t i v e Q u a r t e r l y D i v i d e n d

O n S e p t e m b e r 1 5 , 1 9 5 3 , t h e D i r e c

t o r s o f I n v e s t o r s M u t u a l , I n c . , d e

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H . K . B r a d f o r d , P r e s i d e n t

T h e S o d a T r a d eHollywood, a glittering city of outsize

swimming pools and pink Cadillacs, has itshomey side, too. It has a favorite cornerdrugstore, called Schwab's. For yearsSchwab's has been a hangout for moviestars, hangers-on and Coke-stretchers, who

si t a t the soda founta in s ipping the irdr inks , wai t ing for mirac les , or jus tthumbing the movie magazines borrowedfrom the magazine rack. At Schwab's, Columnist Sidney Skolsky receives mail,phone calls and tips. With Skolsky's syndicated help, Schwab's has become thebest-known corner drugstore in the U.S.

Last week Schwab's was getting somel i v e l y c o m p e t i t i o n . N o s o o n e r h a dSchwab's announced that three visitingItalian starlets would be guests at its sodafountain for publicity pictures and icecream than the Beverly-Wilshire HotelDrugstore retaliated with a bulletin thatthe Ritz brothers would throw a party forfriends at Booth No. i . "This is the table," a solemn announcement remindedpatrons, "where the R.K.O.-Stolkin dealwas practically concluded some time ago."

Manager Milton Kreis calls his Beverly-Wilshire Drugstore a "rich man'sSchwab's. Our clientele is different . . .We have a Romanoff, Chasen's, LaRuetype of clientele." To keep his clientele,Kreis stays open 24 hours a day (Schwab'scloses at midnight), delivers sandwichesand prescriptions in a black truck withgold leaf lettering, carries such carriage-trade items as $500 hairbrushes and $250shaving brushes. Like the best nightclubs,

it has plug-in telephones (at the sodafountain) and a pressagent.Kreis puts out a monthly magazine,

Chatter, which chronicles the doings of itscustomers. Samples: "Never noticed before what beautiful blue eyes Peter Law-ford has," "Betty Grable snackihg andporing over a racing form." "OverheardGeorge Raft telling friends that the cherryburgundy ice cream is the best in theworld." Chatter also carries movie reviews, beauty hints and signed columns bythe soda jerks, pharmacists, cashiers,kitchen help.

Kreis is now trying to lure Hollywoodcolumnists to his drugstore. Gossipist

Sheilah Graham is a regular (from Chatter: "Sheilah Graham quietly dining withfriends, never missing a trick"). ThoughColumnist Skolsky shows up occasionally(seductive Chatter item: "Sid Skolsky inagain, and what a sweet guy that is"), heremains loyal to Schwab's. Meanwhile,Leon Schwab is taking his competitioncalmly. Says he: "They're just an imitation. They're getting our overflow. Wewish them the best of luck."

The New PicturesA Lion Is in the Streets (William Cag-

ney; Warner) follows the jaunty rise ofJimmy Cagney from a backwoods peddler

of kitchenware to his near triumph as astatewide peddler of political buncombe.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

A N I N T E L L I G E N T

W A Y T O E A R N

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JAMES CAGNEYFr om k i t c henw ar e t o bunc om be .

star. Though he looks and sounds far moreBroadway than Deep South, he is thoroughly persuasive as a fast-talking politicoequally able to bamboozle a backwoodscrowd or to make a deal with big-citygangsters. Good shot: Cagney 's shrewd

mixture of friendliness and contempt as hejoshes his neighbors into turning a broken-down house into a honeymoon cottage forhimself and his bride.

Li t t le Boy Lost (Paramount) . BingCrosby, a seasoned performer who learnedhis footwork as second baseman for theSpokane Ideal Laundry's semi-pro team,has a startling way of turning up in unexpected places. Moviegoers who are usedto Bing as a crooner and a light comedianmay be startled to find him in this poignant tale about frustrated fatherhood.

Little Boy Lost, based on MarghanitaLaski's bestselling novel, is about a U.S.

war correspondent who is forced by theGerman advance to flee through Dunkirk,



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leaving his wife and newborn son in Paris.The wife is tortured and killed by theGestapo. When peace comes, the correspondent goes back to look for his son. Atan orphanage near Paris, he finds a Frenchboy, about seven years old, who may ormay not be his son. The picture tells thestory of the father's outward attempts todetermine whether the boy is or is not his,and of the inward struggle he endures inthe process. The experience matures him

and frees him from the dead past.In structure, the film has serious faults.It begins so slowly that for a while audiences can almost imagine that there istrouble with the projector. Even as theemotional rhythm catches hold, the moodis continually jolted by meaningless digressions. Nonetheless, there are several

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Pierc ing angu ish and an ex t ra sweater .

scenes which draw their moral beauty to apoint that pierces like anguish. There isthe moment on the train when the fathergives the boy his first present; the boystares at it, his eyes immense with wonder;the father urges him to open it; the boy

says simply, "I do aot care what is in it."There is, again, a moment of spiritualtorture when the father, driving himselfto prove that the boy is in fact his son,catches the boy lying because he alreadyloves the man and wants to stay with him.The crash of a child's hopes in silence is amore dreadful noise than anyone ever expected to hear in a Crosby picture.

As the father, Bing plays it careful anda little close. He has never pretended tobe an expert actor, but his pleasantly relaxed personality and obvious sincerityserve him well. Even when his lines areread without all the emotion they call for,Bing somehow remains true to the spirit

of the f i lm. As the boy, ten-year-oldChristian Fourcade, a French child actor



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with, happily, no suggestion of thefessional about him, has the delictransient quality of a sprite face seenof the corner of the eye; looked at dly, his charm dissolves. But he is the of child every motherly woman immately wants to put an extra sweaterand he is well directed (by George Seato make the most of this quality withmaking too much of it.

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The All American (Universal-Inttional) is a nice little football picttimed to get to the t heaters as the thing goes on display in the stadiuNick Bonelli (Tony Curtis), the slubred hero, is definitely depressing tocrew-cut rich boys at Sheridan U., becaof his longish, jive-type hairdo. But mof the undergraduates are willing to pend class warfare in Nick's case becahe is such a good football player. Clharmony is assured when Nick goes ofthe barber and comes back to win the game for the home team. As Nick, TCurtis is suitably clean cut and manly.

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Roman Holiday. Newcomer AudHepburn goes on a hilarious tour of Rowith Gregory Peck and Eddie Albert,Director William Wyler adds some ntwists to a popular old comedy-romanplot (TIME, Sept. 7).

The Cruel Sea. One of the best of tWorld War II films, based on NicholMonsarrat's bestseller and filled with t

salt spray and shellbursts of naval wfare (TIME, Aug. 24).

From Here to Eternity. James Jonewild (and sometimes woolly) novel abolife in the peacetime Army, compressinto a hard, tensely acted movie (TIMAug. 10).

The Master of Ballantrae. Wieldinhis trusty claymore, Errol Flynn hacks hway from Scotland to the New World aback in a rousing film version of RobeLouis Stevenson's 18th century thrill(TIME, Aug. 3).

Re turn to Pa rad i se . A to ta l i t a r i aSouth Seas island gets an imaginativhelping of love and democracy from GaCooper (TIME. July 20).

The Sea Around Us. The Technicolcamera prowls the ocean floor: some beatiful scenes, but lacking the majestisweep of Rachel Carson's 1951 bestselle(TIME, July 20).

The Moon Is Blue. Disapproved bthe Legion of Decency and the U.S. Navbut a nice l i t t le comedy a l l the sam(TIME, July 6).

The 5,000 Fingers of Dr . T. Why small boy hates piano teachers, inventivly told in Technicolor (TIME, June 22).

Julius Caesar. Hollywood comes tgrips with Shakespeare and, for once, vernearly holds its own (TIME, June ij.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5



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BODY SNATCHERS AT WORKBliss, but .

Betimann Archive

SCRIPTWRITER THOMASPooh-pooh, unless . . .

T a l L . J o n e s

reader meets him first on a morning walk,wielding "his stick like a prophet's staff. . . the wide, sensual mouth tightenedin to i t s own denia l . " He i s a sha rp-tongued, arrogant genius, always at oddswith his colleagues, the newspapers, society in general. His creed on the lecturestand: "Let no scruples stand in the wayof the progress of medical science." Hispersonal credo: "I do not need any friends.I prefer enemies. They are better company, and their feelings towards you arealways genuine." By his own admission,he has paid body snatchers, or "Resur

rectionists," as much as 500 guineas aterm.

Now he begins to get a flow of corpsesfrom two lodginghouse keepers in themost wretched part of the city. At first,the two bully boys, Fallon and Broom,simply smother their lodgers in theirbeds. Later, the victims are made drunkand done away with as was young JennieBailey, the prostitute:

Fallon: I got two more bottles in mylittle room, Miss Pretty Bailey. Two greatbottles of dancin' dew that II make youthink the sun's shining in the middle ofthe night.

Fingers for Death. When Dr. Rock'sown assistant accuses him of hiring murderers, Rock intones: "I need bodies.They brought bodies. I pay for what Ineed. I do not hire murderers." To hiswife he is able to report: "I am full ofbliss, like a cat on the tiles of heaven."

But the jig is about up. Dr. Rock hashis last joke about Fallon and Broom:"They are corpse-diviners. Or, as somehave green fingers for gardening, so theyhave black fingers for death." Then thepolice, the trial, disgrace. Dr. Rock himself is saved from trial by influential colleagues who have had dealings with bodysnatchers themselves. But life in Edinburgh is hardly bearable for a man, how

1 10 T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

B O O K S

A Lesson in Anatomy

* Which is to be released early next year. Thefilm's current title: Doctor in the House.

E l i z a b e t h a n C a p t a i n

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* Also author of a life of his ancestor, Governor

William Bradford of Plymouth Colony, but nokin to Captain John Smith.

THE DOCTOR AND THE DEVILS (138pp.) -- Dylan Thomas -- New Directions($2.50).

Like most poets , Welshman DylanThomas can't afford to think of poetry asa living. To eke out his own, he doeswhat he can in other writing fields. Andhe is cer ta inly among the few l ivingpoets, not to mention scenario writers,who could successfully have written TheDoctor and the Devils, the screenplayfor a new British film.* Published asa book, his scr ipt combines some ofthe best virtues of fiction and drama.What is just as important, Poet Thomasremains a poet while doing a job thatmost highbrow poets would pooh-pooh,unless it were offered to them.

Here is the true story that Thomas gotto work with: more than a century ago,there lived in Edinburgh a brilliant pro

fessor of anatomy named Dr. Knox. Likemost anatomists of the day, he lackedenough corpses for his demonstrations.Like his colleagues, he was forced to buythem from body snatchers. Two snatchers.Burke and Hare, decided it was easier tomurder their "subjects" than to dig themup. They were caught and brought totrial. Dr. Knox had enough influence toescape trial, and to this day it is not surethat he 'knew what Burke and Hare wereup to ; bu t h i s name became a cur seamong the poor, he was ostracized, andhe finally fled his native city.

Enemies Preferred. Poet Thomas goesto work. Dr. Knox (to allow the script

wider latitude) becomes Dr. Rock. The

ever innocent, when the desperately poorsing in the streets:

Fallon and Broom sell bones andmeat . . .

Fallon's the butcher, Broom's thethief . . .

And Rock's the boy who buys thebeef . . .

And at the very end Rock admits inwardly:"Oh, my God, I knew what I was doing!"

Poet Thomas has done more than givedramatic shape to a bit of grisly history.In dialogue and camera directions, he has

proved again that a first-rate writ er cangive dignity to the most sordid materials.And, true poet that he is, he has spokenout for the dignity of human life withoutgetting his characters to make tiresomespeeches about it.

Here lies one conquer'd that hath conquer 'd Kings,

Subdu'd large Territories, and donethings

Which to the world impossible would

seeme,But tha t the t ru th i s he ld in more

esteeme.

Captain John Smith's epitaph in St.Sepulchre's Church, London, where he liesburied, gives Pocahontas' old friend thebenefit of the doubt. Succeeding generations, noting the "impossible" deeds herecounted about himself, have sometimessuspected he was a liar of extraordinaryfeather.

Now comes B iographe r BradfordSmith with information that seems to



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give the truth back to Captain Smith andthe lie to his detractors. In the past, critics of Smith have only had to point to hisautobiographical book of True Travels, atangle of yarns as wild and incredible asany medieval romance. Author Smith offers strong evidence, culled from i yth century Hungarian records by his associate,Dr. Laura Polanyi Striker, that even thetallest of John's tales were probably true,and that he was, in fact, not just in fancy,one of the greatest of the Elizabethanadventurers.

A Wet Protes tant . Born the son of"a poore tenant" in Lincolnshire, Smithstruck off at 20 for the Hungarian wars,where the Turks and the Habsburgs werebattling for Transylvania. On the way, hesaid, he was robbed by some French companions, saved from starvation by a kindfarmer, thrown overboard by some Roman Catholics on a pilgrim ship because

112

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True, a f t e r a l l?

he was a Protestant, picked up by friendly privateers, whom he joined in an attackon a Venetian argosy that made him, inone swoop, a well-to-do man.

In Hungary at last, he joined the Magyars and executed his most famous exploitafter accepting a challenge of the Turkishcommander to single combat. At the firstcharge, Smith's lance, he says, "passed theTurke throw the sight of his Beaver, face,head and a l l , tha t he fe l l dead to theground." Whereupon Smith cut off thefellow's head and presented it to the Hungarian commander, "who kindly acceptedit." Smith says he made the same disposition of two other Turks who sallied out toavenge their chief, and in consequence gota coat of arms from the Prince of Hungary -- and Author Smith, on the evidence,is inclined to believe him.

At the battle of Rotenthurn, Smith wascaptured by the Turks and, being soldinto slavery, was sent as a gift to a fairTurkish lady he calls Charatza Tragabig-zanda. Charatza, Smith rather shyly re

lates, took a fancy to him and shippedhim off to her brother's castle for safe-



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keeping until she came of age. But Cha-ratza's brother so mistreated him that oneday, "forgetting all reason," John "beatout the Tymors braines with [my] threshing bat, for they have no flailes," and tookoff on the fellow's horse. Many adventures later he reached London, and almostat once embarked with the Virginia colonists for Jamestown.

For all his boasting in military matters,Smith was curiously prudish in other re

spects. While governor of Jamestown, heordered that anybody caught swearingshould have a can of water poured downhis sleeve. He was shocked, too, when theIndians "set a woman fresh painted red... to be his bedfellow," and was simplyindignant when Pocahontas and about 30other naked Indian girls invited him intoa lodge for a feast and there "tormentedhim . . . with crowding, pressing, andhanging about him, most tediously crying. 'Love you not me?' "

An Imprisoned Mind. Author Smith'saccount of Smith's role in the Jamestownaffair does not differ much from the conventional one: even Smith's enemies concede that, though still in his 203, hard-boiled John Smith was the force that keptthe colony alive. Evidence is given byAuthor Smith to show that the famousepisode in which Pocahontas saved JohnSmith's life actually did occur substantially as Smith said.

Smith went back from his American adventure in some disgrace (one charge: anambition to marry Pocahontas and makehimself king). He was never able to fulfillhis dream of founding an American colony, not of gentlemen but of farmers andworking men. Wrote a contemporary: "Heled his old age in London, where his hav

ing a prince's mind imprisoned in a poorman's purse rendered him to the contemptof such who were not ingenuous. Vet heefforted his spirits with the remembranceand relation of what formerly he hadbeen, and what he had done."

Snapshots of Madrid

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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Camilo Jose Cela is a 37-year-old Spanish novelist with a rare distinction: although he fought in Generalissimo Franco's army during the civil war, joined theFalange and to this day lives and works

under the Fascist regime, his novel aboutMadrid is being cheered by emigre Spanish Republicans. So rare a distinctionstems from a rare quality. In the face ofdictatorship, Novelist Cela has the courage to write the truth as he sees it andthe talent to transform his merciless visionof contemporary Madrid into a series ofGoya-like vignettes.

The Hive tells no story. It "sets out tobe ... a slice of life told step by step,"and consists of short sketches, most ofthem only a page or so in length. Out ofthese hundreds of fragments, a worldtakes shape, peopled, according to the author 's own count, by no less than 160

characters. None of the characters holds acentral role. They first come into focus in



Tracking flight path of early Boeing guided missile.

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a shabby cafe, and are followed with anartful candid camera about the wintrycity as they hunger for food or affectionand disclose, in commonplace words andgestures, the misery that grips most ofthem. The resulting snapshots go deeperthan a surface image:<I The little flamenco street singer has theface of "a perverted farmyard beast.- Heis too young in years for cynicism -- orresignation -- to have slashed its mark

across his face, and therefore it has abeautiful, candid stupidity." He singsfrom i p.m. to n, spends more than halfof what he earns on supper, then sings until 2 a.m. before hopping the bumper ofthe last tram. He is six years old.<I Victorita is 17 and well built. The boyshe loves has TB and lies in bed all daylong. He warns her not to kiss him or she

1 1 6

THE CIT IZENSand

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NOVELIST CELA

G o y a o n t h e t y p e w r i t e r .

may catch his disease, but she kisses himanyway. One day, pale and haggard, shetells him that he can be cured with medicine and plenty of food. Her voice thick,she adds, "A young girl is always worthmoney . . . If it means that you get wellagain, I'll go with the first rich man whowants me as a mistress." She is a little

shocked when he answers, "All right."<J Filo has five children, and in one daywill be 34. "I have gotten old, haven'tI?" she asks her brother. "Look at thewrinkles in my face. Now all that's left isto wait till the children grow up, get olderand older, and then die. Lik e Mamma,poor dear."EUR1 At night Madrid is silent. "Thousandsof men are s leeping with the ir a rmsaround their wives, forgetful of the harshand cruel day that may be lying in waitfor them a few hours hence, crouched likea wild cat . . . And several dozens ofgirls are hoping -- what are they hopingfor , 0 God? Why do You le t them be

thus deceived?"Such scenes, written in a bare, vigor-

T IME, OC T OBER 5 , 1953

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l u s t r o u s

n e w t a b l e w a r e

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3 1 1 7

A R I V I O O S T E E L C O R P O R A T I O NM J 0 D L E T Q W N , O H I O * T H E A R M C O I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O R P O R A T I O N , W O R C D - W m E

Y O U ' R E M O N E Y A H E A D W I T H P R O D U C T S M A D E O F A R M C O S P E C I A L - P U R P O S E S T E E L S

W o u l d i t s u rp r i s e y o u t o k n o w t h a t p a r t o f t h i s 7 0 t o n s o f g u s h i n g ,

w h i t e -h o t s t a i n l e s s s t e e l ma y e n d u p o n y o u r d i n i n g t a b l e ?

Manu fac tu re rs use g leaming Armco Sta in less S tee l fo r smar t l y s ty led kn ives ,

f o rk s , s p o o n s a n d ma n y o t h e r mo d e rn p ro d u c t s f o r y o u r h o me .I t s b e a u t y i s l a s t i n g . Th e re i s n o p l a t i n g t o w e a r o f f . . . n o t a rn i s h t of i g h t . Y o u c a n c l e a n i t i n a j i f f y a n d i t s t a y s b r i g h t y e a r i n , y e a r o u t .

L ike the many o the r Spec ia l -Pu rpose Stee ls tha t ca r ry the Armco t rademark ,Armco Sta in less S tee l assu res you o f ex t ra va lue , las t ing sa t i s fac t ion .



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ously perceptive prose, infuse The Hivewith uncommon power. It is too bad thatNovelist Cela's method is self-defeating.He spreads himself too thinly over toomany characters, and his vignettes, takentogether, lack the sharpness that theyhave separately. But many a lesser, moresuccessful novelist would give his besttyping finger to be able to evoke the bitterness, insight and compassion that Nov

elist Cela packs into brief scenes thatplunge straight at the heart.

U n i o n M a n

* Thus, incidentally, sparing Dan Sickles to become a major general in the Union Army, wherehe fought with gallantry, lost a leg at Gettysburg.

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3

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118

STANTON (520 pp . ) - -F le f cher Pra t t - -Norton ($5.95) .

Although it would be a blunder to accept most writers at their own evaluation,Fletcher Pratt is just what he once saidhe was: "A literary mechanic." His tinkering has produced 46 books ranging fromjuveniles to a first-rate military study ofWorld War II, The Marines' War (TIME,Jan. 19, 1948). Like a lot of self-mademilitary experts, Author Pratt is perhaps

happiest when he is refighting the WarBetween the States. In his new book,Stanton, he has a fine time trying to provethat Lincoln's War Secretary was a great& good man, has an even better time usinghis hero's biography as a battle arenawhere Pratt can preside as chief of tacticsand strategy.

Trying to upgrade Stanton is itself apretty formidable job. There has neverbeen a good, balanced biography of theman, but the standard view among U.S.historians leaves him with low marks forpolitical candor and loyalty, high scoresfor arrogance and dissimulation. Pratt'sS tan ton i s no t ap t to change the h i s

torians' minds overnight, but he has written a spirited, readable defense of his manthat should leave the pros and the antisagree ing on a t leas t one thing: s toutUnionist Stanton was a whale of a Secretary of War, who probably did as much asany one man to bring about Union victory.

Fire & Prayers. No one could havespotted the future fire-eating Secretary inthe youngster who shunned fights, delivered lectures on God to his playfellowsand ran prayer meetings in the familystable in Steubenville, Ohio. But as a self-made lawyer, Stanton fought cases as hewas later to fight the war: to win. WhenCongressman Dan Sickles killed his wife'slover on a Washington street, Stanton gothim acquitted on grounds never beforeused in a U.S. trial -- temporary insanity. *In another case, he brusquely supersededan older lawyer assigned to the case andmade the closing argument himself. Theolder lawyer was Abe Lincoln, and afterhe heard Stanton, he said: "I 'm goinghome to study -- study law."

To Stanton, at that time, Lincoln was"that long-armed baboon . . . that giraffe."Even after the Civil War had begun, hetold the delighted General McClellan thatLincoln was the "original gorilla." But



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T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5 3 119

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when Lincoln named him to the Cabinet,Stanton became a dynamic Secretary tothe man he had once despised. He drovehis subordinates mercilessly, but never sohard as he drove himself. Says AuthorPratt: "He -could tear up a contract andfling the pieces in the contractor's face;he could pas s a whi te -ha i r ed f a the rthrough to the bedside of his woundedson . . . He could also stand with stonyface and turn away the parents of a soldier condemned to be shot for desertion.He was the man of war in the place of war."

Knots & Poetry. That Stanton wasarbitrary and tactless comes through eventhe pages of so partisan a book as FletcherPratt's. Even Grant, who worked withhim, once remarked that Stanton "didthings for the pleasure of being disobliging." But Lincoln toward the end of thewar asked a fellow Illinoisan: "Did Stan-ton really say I was a damned fool?" "He

1 2 0

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you the things you eat, wear and use.

The Erie, now a completely diesel-powered railroad, is going aheadwith other improvements in its forward-looking program of progressive railroading-- all designed for thesingle purpose of giving the best inrail transportation to keep pace withgrowing America.

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SECRETARY STAN TONA w ha le s e r v ed t he g i r a f f e .

did, sir, and repeated it." "Then," saidthe President, "if Stanton said I was adamned fool, I must be one. For he isnearly always right, and generally sayswhat he means." And at war's end, whenStan ton , hones t ly p lead ing "broken

health," tried to resign, it was Lincolnwho said with his hands on his War Secretary's shoulders: "Stanton, you cann o t g o . . . Y o u h a v e b e e n o u r m a i nreliance . . . Some knots slip; yours donot."

On April 14, 1865, it was Stanton whobegged Grant and Lincoln not to go toFord's theater. Grant took the advice.The next day it was Stanton who said ofthe dead Lincoln : "Now he belongs tothe ages." In 1869 it was Grant, as President, who appointed Stanton to the U.S.Supreme Court. It was too late for morehonors . Within a week af te r his conf irmat ion, Stanton was dead. He had

spent his spare time writing a book onThe Poetry of the Bible.



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L I S H E R ' S L E T T E R ( p a g e 1 8 ) ,reading lef t to r ight : Speaker Joe Cannon(Time's f i rs t cover , March 3, 1923) , F. D.Roosevelt, Jack Dempsey, Woodrow Wilson,George Bernard Shaw, Sir Thomas Lipton,Ethel Barrymore, Al Smith, Bob LaFolletteJ r . , Char l es Lindbergh, Calvin Cool idge,Queen Mary, Al Capone, Herber t Hoover ,Hindenburg, Eugene O'Neill, Hitler, JamesFar l ey , Kathar ine Cornel l , Cordel l Hul l ,J ohn L . L ew i s , J am es J oyce , H a r r y H opkins , Toscanini , Henry Ford, Clark Gable,Trotsky, Einstein, Walter Winchell, EleanorRoosevel t , Premier Tojo , Admi ral Yama-moto, Pierre Laval, General Marshall, General Pat tern, Admiral Doei i i tz, Mussol iniP ope P i u s X I I , O ve t a C u l p H obby , J anMasaryk, General Montgomery, GeneralMacArthur, Franco, James Byrnes, Gandhi,.Jackie Robinson, De Gasper i , Rober t Op-penheimer, Ben Hogan, Churchill, Truman,Juan & Evi t a Peron, Mossadegh, SenatorMcCarthy, Groucho. Marx, Anthony Eden,Q u e e n E l i z a b e t h , S t a l i n & M a l e n k o v ,

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Iden t i f i c at ion . In La faye t te, Ind . ,thieves broke into a clothing store, stole$18 worth of boys' sport shirts, each emblazoned with the legend: "I'm a LittleStinker."

First Things First. In Houston, sentenced to five years in prison and ordered

to pay a $10 fine, Marijuana Peddler JohnHernandez barely flinched, but asked:"When do I have to pay the fine?"

Line of Duty. In Indianapolis, assignedto keep order at the strike-bound IndianaBell Telephone Co., Policeman Carey Bennett met C.I.O. Picket Margaret Brabham,seven weeks later persuaded her to leavethe picket line and marry him.

Irresistible. In London, arrested forpinching a geranium from a windowboxwhile delivering mail, Postman FrederickJohnson was fined 10 shillings ($1.40)after telling the judge, "I am very fond offlowers and in a moment of temptation Itook it."

Double or Nothing. In Toledo, policeconsidered carefully, finally decided to arrest both Driving Instructor George W.Hall Jr. and Pupil Nellie E. Vasold forreckless driving, after their dual-controlcar hit a parked automobile.

Counsel for the Defense. In OklahomaCity, on trial for forgery, ex-ConvictRalph Acuff decided to act as his ownlawyer, put himself on the witness stand,asked questions and answered them, but

failed to convince the jury, which deliberated for 45 minutes, found him guiltyas charged.

Misleading Propaganda. In Galesburg,111., Howard Furman, 41, parked his carnext to a sign reading YOU ARE LEAVING

went to sleep, woke up to find himselfunder arrest, had to pay a $125 fine forreckless driving.

Secret Weapon. In Edgeware. England,just before a game with nearby Rainham,the town's dejected soccer team took timeout for a session with Psychotherapist J.

(for Joshua) Sparrow, who gave a "psychological pep-talk" to the players "tobring out their latent ability," succeededso well that Edgeware won its first victoryof the season, 5-1.

The Teetotaler. In Edinburg, Texas,arrested for possessing ten marijuana cigarettes, Rosendo Ureste, 33, expressedsurprise: "Other people get drunk anddon't go to jail, and I never drink."

This Is the Army? In Fort Sill, Okla.,Army Captain James C. Blackford begana new morale program : to each man in his

company on his birthday -- a cake, a three-day pass and a personal letter of greeting.



A m e s s a g e t o U . S . b u s i n e s s a b o u t t h e r e a d e r s o f T I M E .

/>0 ,

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istoric news fromOld Crow

Those of you who have been wantinga prestige bourbon that is lighter andmilder in taste than Bottled in Bondcan now enjoy Old Crow at 86 proof.

And you can enjoy it at a considerablylower price, too, for the resultant savings in Federal excise taxes and othercosts are being passed along to you.

When you buy Old Crow, you buy

America's most historic brand. From

T I M E , O C T O B E R 5 , 1 9 5

The famous old spring house, Old Croiv Distillery

those early days on the Kentucky frontier when Dr. James Crow first lent his

Lafayette visits Kentucky-- home of Old Croia

scientific knowledge to the theretofore

erratic distilling process, Old Crow hasgrown up with the nation. By the barrelit traveled to the picturesque ports ofthe Mississippi (and became the favorite of that river's most famous pilot-Mark Twain)-- by the goblet it wasraised in tribute to such distinguishedguests as the Marquis de Lafayette, and

to the performances of the incomparable Edwin Booth-- by the demijohn itwas recognized as the mark of genteelhospitality throughout the land.

Now, with the historic news thatOld Crow is also available in a lighter,milder, lower priced bottling manymillions more can enjoy "the greatestname in bourbon." Ask for Old Crowat the proof that best suits your taste--the lighter, milder 86 Proof, or the traditional 100 Proof Bottled in Bond.

N O W - - T W O G R E A T B O T T L I N G S !

8 6 P R O O F

Kentucky Straight

Bourbon Whiskey

Celebrated Old Crow -- lighter,

milder and lower-priced than the

100 Proof Bottled in Bond

B O T T L E D I N B O N D

1 O O P R O O F

Kentucky Straight

Bourbon Whiskey

The most famous of bonded bourbons available as usual

The famous Old Crow Distillery meets the publicdemand for a lighter and milder prestige bourbon by offering

an 86 Proof bottling of the whiskey Daniel Webster called

'the finest in the world." It is a companion to world-famous Old Crow

100 Proof Bottled in Bond, but lower in proof and price.



The famous humorist considered Old Croto the aristocrat of bourbons

and toent to see for himself note it u:as made.

For generations Old Crow's superior Kentucky quality

has won for it the high praise of some of America's most

celebrated men. Today, you can enjoy that quality in

your own type of Old Crow . . . the lighter, milder 86

Proof or the tradit ional 100 Proof Bottled in Bond.

THE OLD CROW DISTILLERY COMPANY, FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY



LUCKIES TASTE

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Be Happy-GO LUCKY"

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