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10 Unit 1

1VOC APP

VOCABULARY REFERENCE PAGE 102

Vocabulary Behaviour

Time for change

1 Find six pairs of opposites.

acceptable direct dishonest easy-going fair honest indirect obligatory strict unacceptable unfair voluntary

1 acceptable / unacceptable

2 /

3 /

4 /

5 /

6 /

2 1.1 Listen and write. Then repeat the words.

3 Look at the adjectives in red. Then read the sentences and choose the correct option.

1 We don’t have to / have to wear a school uniform at our school. It’s obligatory.

2 Lucy always / never says exactly what she’s thinking. She’s very direct.

3 They are / aren’t telling the truth. They’re being very dishonest.

4 Tom’s parents are very easy-going. He can / can’t do what he likes.

5 My brother gets more pocket money than me. It is / isn’t fair!

6 It is / isn’t OK to bully people. It’s unacceptable.

4 Complete the sentences with the adjectives.

acceptable honest indirect strict unfair voluntary

1 My school has a lot of rules. It’s very .

2 We don’t have to go to the school concert. It’s .

3 Why can’t I go to the party? All my friends are going. It’s so !

4 It is to use a mobile phone at lunchtime, but we can’t use it in the classroom.

5 Thank you for telling the truth, Rachel. That’s very of you.

5 Read the sentences and write A (I agree) or D (I don’t agree).

1 It is never acceptable to be dishonest.

2 My school is very easy-going.

3 All homework should be voluntary.

4 Exams are always fair.

5 Computer programming should be an obligatory subject.

Complete these sentences with your own ideas.

My brother is very easy-going.1 … is / are easy-going.2 … is / are strict.

3 … should be voluntary.4 … is / are unfair.

BONUS

Spectrum Ess Prac 3.indb 10 05/07/2016 09:26

11 Unit 1

1 Complete the table with the verb forms.

didn’t need to doesn’t need to don’t have to have to mustn’t needs to

Present

Affirmative

I have to / need to / must go.

He has to / (1) / must go.

Negative

We (2) / don’t need to / (3) run.

She doesn’t have to / (4) / mustn’t run.

Questions

Do you have to / need to work?

Does he

Past

Affirmative

They had to / needed to wait.

Negative

I didn’t have to / (5) go.

Questions

Did he (6) / need to go?

2 Match 1–5 to A–E.

1 They don’t have to wear a uniform. B

2 You mustn’t be late for school.

3 She must / has to do her homework.

4 We need to buy food for the party.

5 You don’t need to worry about Jake. He’s fine.

A It is a necessity.

B It isn’t obligatory.

C It isn’t necessary.

D It is prohibited.

E It is obligatory.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 103

3 Choose the correct option.

1 We needed to / didn’t have to pay because the concert was free.

2 He must / mustn’t be honest and tell the truth.

3 Can you go to the shops? We need / needed some bread and milk.

4 I went to the bank because I need to / needed to get some money.

5 Do you need to / Did you have to wear a uniform when you were at school?

4 Complete the dialogue with the correct modals.

Carmen So, how’s secondary school, Louis?

Louis Well, it’s very different from primary school.

Carmen Do you (1) wear a uniform?

Louis Yes, we do. And we (2) / do a lot of homework.

Carmen Do you do many subjects?

Louis Yes, we do, so I (3) / carry a lot of books.

Carmen What about the teachers?

Louis We (4) / call our teachers ‘Sir’ or ‘Miss’. It’s obligatory. And we (5) forget to do our homework because they get angry.

Carmen And are the other students nice?

Louis Yes, they are. I (6) worry about feeling lonely.

Make sentences about something …• you have to do every day.• you don’t need to do today.• you mustn’t do at school.

BONUS

Grammar Modals of obligation, prohibition and necessity

I must be on time for school.


12 Unit 1

VOC APP

3 Maisie paints beautiful pictures. She has a lot of imagination.

2 Angus loves new experiences. He has a lot of energy and does a lot of extreme sports.

Vocabulary Personal qualities

VOCABULARY REFERENCE PAGE 102

VOC APP

1 Read the descriptions and match two adjectives to each person.

active adventurous ambitious artistic confident creative curious hard-working organized sociable

2 1.2 Listen and write. Then repeat the words.

3 How do you say these sentences in your language?

4 Match sentences 1–5 to the qualities in A–E.

1 Lucy wants to win a Nobel Prize one day. A She’s very active.

2 Daniel never forgets to bring his books to class. B She’s ambitious.

3 Tom has really original ideas for his stories. C I’m curious.

4 My sister is never at home. She is always doing something. D He’s organized.

5 I’m very interested in learning more about that person. E He’s very creative.

He is studying for a degree in Biology.My dad has a successful career as a teacher.WATCH

OUT!

Write a sentence to describe a friend or member of your family. Use the adjectives in exercise 1.

My brother is very organized. He separates his socks by colour.

BONUS

1 Olivia is really interested in politics. She’s always reading books about it. Her dream is to be president one day.

curious,

5 Charlie loves meeting new people and he will start a conversation with anyone. He isn’t shy.

4 Toby plans everything carefully. He studies very hard.

03 Spectrum L3 Ess Prac WB3 Unit 1.indd 12 07/07/2016 15:35

13 Unit 1GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 103

Consolidation

Grammar Modals of ability and permission

Modals of ability

1 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

can speak can’t speak could run will be able to ride won’t be able to play

1 She will be able to ride a bicycle.

2 She German.

3 He very fast.

4 She French.

5 They football

for ever.

2 Do the sentences in exercise 1 refer to present, past or future?

1 future

2

3

4

5

Modals of permission

3 Match 1–6 to A–F to make sentences about permission.

1 You can use my phone

2 She went to the museum yesterday, but

3 Passengers are allowed to

4 He isn’t allowed to take a dictionary

5 He was ill, so

6 We had some bread, but

A to his English test.

B she couldn’t take any photos.

C we weren’t allowed to feed the animals.

D if you need it.

E he was allowed to leave early.

F take hand luggage.

4 Complete the sentences with a modal of permission in the correct affirmative ✔ or negative ✘ form.

1 Ben to go out yesterday. ✘

2 We go to bed late on Fridays. ✔

3 My brother stay out until eleven o’clock when he was my age. ✔

4 In my country, you vote until you are eighteen. ✘

5 We to use our phones at break time. ✔

5 Complete the questions with a modal of permission and the verbs in brackets.

1 At what age you (drive) a car in your country?

2 Are you to (have) mobile phones in your school?

3 you (stay out) late?

4 you (go) to the cinema on your own when you were ten?

5 Were people to (smoke) on public transport in the past?

6 Ask and answer the questions in exercise 5.

1 She a bic

2

Guten Tag. Wie geht es dir?

Parlez-vous français?

No, sorry.

I can speak French.

s


Consolidation

14 Unit 1 GRAMMAR REFERENCE PAGE 103

Grammar Modals of advice

1 Complete the table with the negative form of should.

Affirmative

You should be more active. Sandra should do more exercise.

Negative

They (1) worry. He (2) forget her birthday.

Questions

Should I learn another language?What should we do?

2 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences and questions.

1 advice / my / should / listen to / you

2 feel / Robbie / nervous / shouldn’t

3 do / should / sport / I / more / ?

4 you / late / shouldn’t / arrive

5 should / ring / the doorbell / we / ?

3 Complete the sentences with should or shouldn’t and the verbs in the box.

be stop study wear worry

1 You about your English. It’s really good.

2 He smoking. It’s very bad for his health.

3 She late. It’s very rude.

4 What we for the exam?

5 You a coat. It’s very cold today.

4 Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.

do do something creative forget Maths give up sport study Art and Design

Laila In today’s show, we’re giving advice about future careers. Our first question is from Sam. Hi, Sam.

Sam Hi, Laila. I’m very active and I love sport. What should I (1) ?

Laila Well, you could train to be a professional athlete or a sports coach.

Sam That’s a good idea. But I’m also good at Maths and Art, and I like clothes and fashion.

Laila Perhaps you should (2) , then. You could design sports clothes.

Sam That sounds good. Should I (3) ?

Laila Yes, that’s a good option. But you shouldn’t (4) and technical drawing. And you shouldn’t (5) . It will give you lots of ideas.

5 Complete the careers advice for these people.

1 She should

2 She shouldn’t

3 He should

4 He shouldn’t

Elena is active, adventurous and sociable. She loves

mountain sports. She doesn’t like studying very much.

Brad is hard-working, organized, and he

loves Maths. He isn’t very artistic or active.

Talk or write about something …• you can do well.• you couldn’t do when you were a child.• you mustn’t do at school.• you should do for a member of your family.

BONUS

h.

nd fashion

box.

You should study harder.


15 Unit 1

Reading Coming of age

1 1.3 Listen and read. Match topics 1–4 to paragraphs A–D.

1 tests of young people’s physical abilities

2 special events

3 legal rights at different ages

4 a definition of coming of age

2 Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1 English teenagers can get married at sixteen if their parents allow them to.

2 In England, your twenty-first birthday is more important than your sixteenth birthday.

3 Hamar boys have to demonstrate their skills before they can become adults.

4 Young Xavante men must sleep for fifteen days in water to become men.

5 The quinceañera is common all over South America.

3 Match the highlighted words in the text to the definitions.

1 bulls and cows:

2 sometimes:

3 choose a candidate in an election:

4 traditional community with the same customs:

5 people in your family:

Coming of age is the transition from child to adult. Many cultures celebrate this moment in different ways.

D

In other cultures, becoming an adult depends on

experience, not age. In Ethiopia, before Hamar boys

become men they must run four times over the

backs of their cattle. The young men of the Xavante

tribe in Brazil have to spend fifteen days in the river

before they can become an adult. They can only

leave the water occasionally to sleep.

C

A

In England, you can get married at sixteen

with your parents’ permission and you can

vote when you are eighteen. However, people

usually celebrate coming of age on their

twenty-first birthday.

B

In some parts of South America, girls

become adults on their fifteenth birthday.

Their relatives organize a big party called

a quinceañera.

Sweet-sixteen parties, on boys’ and girls’

sixteenth birthdays, are a tradition in the

USA and Canada. Some families celebrate

with huge parties, although others treat

it as a normal birthday.

When do people come of age

in your country?your country?

Answer the questions.1 What is ‘coming of age’?

2 When can you vote in England?

3 When do sweet-sixteen parties take place in the USA?

BONUS

A quinceañera party


16 Unit 1

Writing a profile

Paragraph 1 What is the activity or club? Where is it? How often do you go? What is it like?

Paragraph 2 What are the rules? Do you have any recommendations?

Paragraph 3 Do you do any special events?

Look at language: order of adjectives

1 Complete the table with the adjectives in the box.

large new old red ugly

Opinion Size Age Colour Noun

A nice big (1) studio

A modern (2) car

A (3) (4) sports centre

An (5) grey building

Writing task

2 Read the text below. Which paragraph tells you … ?

1 about an important event

2 how long the classes last

3 how you should prepare for dancing

Classes and timetable

I have three ballet classes a week in a big

old dance studio. Classes are on Tuesdays,

Wednesdays and Thursdays from 16.00 to

18.00. My ballet teacher is nice, but very strict

and direct. The classes are fun, but hard work.

Rules and recommendations

There are a lot of rules. You mustn’t be late for

class and you must bring the right clothes and

shoes. For example, you have to wear white

shoes for classical ballet and black shoes for

jazz. You should warm up before you dance

and you should drink regularly.

Performances

Every year, the school organizes a show. This

year it’s The Nutcracker. I can’t wait!

timetable

C

B

C

A

B

A

3 Complete the text with the words in the box.

easy-going modern respect shoes talk white

MY JUDO CLASSESClasses and timetable

I do judo twice a week in a large

(1) sports centre in my town.

Classes are on Mondays and Fridays from

17.00 to 19.00. The classes are fun and my

instructor is (2) , but formal.

Rules and recommendations

There are a lot of rules. For example, you must

wear a clean (3) judo suit and

you mustn’t wear (4) on the

training area. You should treat your

instructor and other students with

(5) at all times.

Events

At the end of the year, there is an

open class for family and friends.

Spectators mustn’t (6)

or make a noise!

4 Write a profile of an after-school activity or club. Use the texts in exercises 2 and 3 to help you.

on the

u

h

ur


1717 Unit 1

Practical English Reacting to news

INTERACTIVE VIDEO SPECTRUM SB3 PAGE 19

Listening

1 1.4 Listen to the conversation and match 1–4 to A–D.

1 Jessica Ennis-Hill was born in

2 She started going to athletics camps when

3 She joined the City of Sheffield Athletics Club when

4 She won a gold medal at the World Athletics Championships in

A she was thirteen.

B 1986.

C she was ten.

D 2009.

2 1.4 Listen to the conversation again and match the dates in the box to events A–D.

2006 2010 2012 2015

A Gold medal at the Olympic Games

B Gold medal at the European Championships

C Bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games

D Second gold medal at the World Athletics Championships

3 1.5 DICTATION Listen and complete the dialogue.

Laura I go to a tae kwon do club.

Paul Oh, (1) ?

Laura Yes, I compete in local competitions.

Paul How (2) !

Laura Last month, I won a silver medal.

Paul That’s (3) !

Laura But I have to train very hard. I don’t have much free time.

Paul That’s (4) .

Speaking

4 Complete the dialogue with phrases from the Key language box.

Megan I’ve started a new after-school activity.

Harry (1) What is it?

Megan It’s the Film Club. It’s on Wednesdays.

Harry Is it good?

Megan It’s really good. We’re learning how to produce and direct films.

Harry (2)

Megan Yes, it is. We’re making a new film now.

Harry (3) Do you need actors?

Megan Yes, we do. Would you like to be in it?

Harry I’d love to.

Megan (4) Why don’t you come next week?

Harry Oh, no! I have piano practice on Wednesdays.

Megan (5)

5 1.6 Listen and check your answers. Then practise the completed dialogue.

6 Practise talking about news using the Key language. Choose an idea from the box or use your own.

fail an exam lose an expensive object meet someone interesting win a competition

A I’ve lost my phone.B That’s terrible!

Jessica Ennis-Hill

Your turn

Key language

Oh, really?How do / did you feel?What happened next?

That sounds interesting / terrible!How awful / surprising / exciting!That’s fantastic / understandable!What a shame!


18 Unit 1

Unit 1 check

Vocabulary

1 Match the adjectives in the box to the definitions.

easy-going fair honest obligatory voluntary

1 Relaxed and tolerant:

2 Something that you don’t have to do:

3 For example, rules that you must obey:

4 Treating people the same:

5 Always telling the truth:

Score: / 5

2 Match the beginnings (1–5) to the endings (A–E).

1 adventur A ive

2 artist B ble

3 confid C ous

4 creat D ic

5 socia E ent

Score: / 5

Grammar

3 Choose the correct option.

1 Sarah can’t / couldn’t go to the party because she was ill.

2 Did you have to / must work last weekend?

3 You should / can learn another language. I think it’s a good idea.

4 He can / shouldn’t buy expensive clothes. They’re a waste of money.

5 You mustn’t / don’t have to cheat at cards. It’s unfair.

Score: / 5

4 Write sentences with the opposite meaning using modal verbs.

1 You need to bring a dictionary to the next class.

2 I’m not allowed to go out tonight.

3 My brother was allowed to go to parties at my age.

4 My advice is to go to bed late tonight.

5 We’ll be able to have a picnic this weekend.

Score: / 5

Practical English

5 Match sentences 1–5 to reactions A–E to make five mini-dialogues.

1 Someone stole my laptop! 2 I won the photography competition! 3 I went to the Benicàssim festival. 4 Sorry, but I can’t come to your party. 5 We’re going camping this weekend.

A What a shame! We’ll miss you.

B Oh, really? Was it good?

C That sounds nice. I hope you have good weather.

D How awful! You should call the police.

E That’s fantastic! What was the prize?

Score: / 5

Total score: / 25

S / 5


19

Culture

Unit 1CULTURE VIDEO SPECTRUM SB3 PAGE 17

4 Match the words in the box to the pictures.

hunt sled tent

1 Read the text quickly. Who is going on a trip?

2 1.7 Listen and read the text.

5 Use your dictionary. Find the opposites of these words from the text.

1 traditional:

2 difficult:

3 successful:

6 1.8 Listen and write true (T) or false (F).

1 Tina went camping with her friends.

2 Tina enjoyed the camping trip.

3 It rained a lot on the camping trip.

4 They stayed in the tent a lot of the time.

5 The tent fell down on the first night.

6 Tina wants to go camping again.

7 Work on your own or in pairs. Make a photo essay about a trip that you went on.

7 Work on yoy ur own oorrrr in ppairs. MaM ke a phootoo esessasay y y ababooutt a trt ipip tthahatt yoyou u wew ntnt oon.

Your turn

U

yy p y

Alaska, USAAlaska is a US state in the north-west of North America. Many native Alaskan tribes live there, including Inuit, Yupik, Aleut and Eyak peoples.

Siluk is twelve years old. He’s an Inuit boy, and he lives on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Today, Siluk is going on a trip with his dad and his uncle. This is an Inuit tradition for boys of Siluk’s age. They will travel by dog sled and stay in a tent. Siluk has to learn traditional skills. He needs to know how to fish and to hunt for food. He also needs to learn how to survive in the difficult Arctic weather conditions. A successful trip shows that a boy has become an adult.

3 Answer the questions.

1 How old is Siluk?

2 Where does Siluk live?

3 How is Siluk going to travel?

.

4 What does Siluk have to learn?

Growing up in Alaska

rnrnrnrnrnrnnn tt tt t ttt

Our first skiing holiday

3

1 2


102

VOC APP

Unit 1

Vocabulary reference1Behaviour

acceptable

direct

dishonest

easy-going

fair

honest

indirect

Practical EnglishReacting to news

How awful / surprising / exciting!

That’s fantastic / understandable!

What a shame!

That sounds interesting / terrible!

Oh, really?

How do / did you feel?

What happened next?

Personal qualities

active

adventurous

ambitious

obligatory

strict

unacceptable

unfair

voluntary

artistic

confident

creative

curious

hard-working

organized

sociable

12 Spectrum L2 Ess Prac WB3 Endmatter.indd 102 08/07/2016 09:59

103Unit 1

Modals of obligation, prohibition and necessity: must, have to and need to

Use• We use have to and must to talk about an

obligation or a rule.

We have to wear a school uniform.

• We use don’t / doesn’t have to when we talk about something which isn’t obligatory.

We don’t have to wear a tie.

• We use mustn’t to talk about prohibition.

You mustn’t make noise in the library.

• We usually use have to in questions. Must isn’t common in questions.

Do you have to wear a school uniform?

• We use need to when we talk about necessity.

We need to buy milk and cereal for breakfast.

Form• Must has the same form for all subject

pronouns.

• Must is used with the infinitive without to.

Affirmative

I / You / We / They have to / had to / need to / needed to / must finish.

He / She / It has to / had to / needs to / needed to / must finish.

Negative

I / You / We / They don’t have to / didn’t have to / don’t need to / didn’t need to / mustn’t stop.

He / She / It doesn’t have to / didn’t have to / doesn’t need to / didn’t need to / mustn’t stop.

Questions

Do / Did I / you / we / they have to / need to finish?

Does / Did he / she / it / they have to / need to finish?

Unit 1

Grammar reference1Modals of ability and permission: can, will

be able to and allow / be allowed to

Use• We use can and will be able to to talk about ability.

My brother can fly a plane. / I can’t speak Chinese. You’ll be able to speak Chinese when you finish your course.

• We use can, allow someone to and be allowed to when we talk about permission.

‘Can we go to the park?’ ‘No, you can’t.’

We are allowed to bring our phones to school.

My mum doesn’t allow me to stay out late.

FormAffirmative

I can swim.They allow me to swim.I am allowed to swim.

She could swim.He allowed us to swim.We were allowed to swim.

We will be able to swim.She’ll allow me to swim.

Negative

I can’t swim.They don’t allow me to swim.I’m not allowed to swim.

She couldn’t swim.He didn’t allow us to swim.We weren’t allowed to swim.

We won’t be able to swim.She won’t be allowed to swim.

Questions

Can I swim?Do you allow me to swim?Is he allowed to swim?

Could she swim?Did she allow you to swim?Was he allowed to swim?

Will we be able to swim?Will you allow me to swim?Will we be allowed to swim?

Modals of advice: shouldUse• We use should to give advice or a recommendation.

You should go to bed earlier. / You shouldn’t worry.

What should we do?

Form• Should has the same form for all subject pronouns.

Affirmative I / you / They / She should study more.

Negative He / It / We shouldn’t arrive late.

Questions Should he / they tell a teacher?

12 Spectrum L2 Ess Prac WB3 Endmatter.indd 103 08/07/2016 09:59

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