tim gershon - welcome to the university of warwick · 2006-02-20 · mbc (gev/c 2) entries/2mev/c 2...
TRANSCRIPT
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BELLE
LATEST RESULTS FROM BELLE
AND PLANS FOR A SUPER B FACTORY
Tim GershonUniversity of Warwick
January 24, 2006
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Contents
• KEK-B and Belle
• Summer 2005 highlights(http://belle.kek.jp/conferences/CONF2005/)
– direct CP violation
– measurements of UT angles
– penguin dominated processes
• Super B Factory
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Belle Collaboration
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE KEK
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Integrated Luminosity
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Luminosity Trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2000 2002 2004 2006Year
Pea
k lu
min
osit
y (1
033 c
m-2
s-1 )
Increase of Peak Luminosity
1.0025 1034/cm2/s on 2005/10/9 (PEP-II)
1.627 1034/cm2/s on 2005/12/19 (KEKB)
10 29
10 30
10 31
10 32
10 33
10 34
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Peak Luminosity trends in last 30 years
YearP
eak
lum
inos
ity
(cm
-2s-1
)
DORISHERA
PETRA
ISR
LEP1
LEP2
SppS
CESR
TEVATRON
SPEAR
PEP
PEP II
TRISTAN
KEKB
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Belle Detector
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Inner Detector Upgrade - Summer 2003
Number of silicon DSSDs3 layers → 4 layers
Radius of beam piper = 2.0 cm → r = 1.5 cm
Radiation hardness1 MRad → > 20 MRad
Laboratory polar angle coverage23◦ < θ < 139◦ → 17◦ < θ < 150◦
IMPROVED RESOLUTION!
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Search for Θ(1540)+ Using Kaon Interactions397
fb−1
PLB
632,173
(2006)
. . . no pentaquarks found
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE CKM Phenomenology
VCKM =
Vud Vus VubVcd Vcs VcbVtd Vts Vtb
∼
1 − λ2/2 λ Aλ3(ρ− iη)
−λ 1 − λ2/2 Aλ2
Aλ3(1 − ρ− iη) −Aλ2 1
where A, λ, ρ, η are Wolfenstein parameters
From unitarity (V ∗CKMVCKM = 1):
VudV∗ub + VcdV
∗cb + VtdV
∗tb = 0
The Unitarity Triangle
φ1 ↔ β
φ2 ↔ α
φ3 ↔ γ
(0,0) (1,0)
(ρ,η)
φ1
φ2φ3
VudVub*
VcdVcb*
VtdVtb*
VcdVcb*
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE The Purpose of the B Factory
• Within the Standard Model, only B system has large CP violation
• Hadronic parameters (τB, ∆md) ⇒ CP effects accessible
• e+e− collisions at high luminosity– large data sample– clean environment
reconstruct almost any decay mode (even with neutrinos)
• Precise test of quark mixing & CP violation within SM
• Search for new physics
• Copious samples of τ pairs, D mesons and other particles also produced⇒ broad physics program
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Categories of CP Violation
• Usually discussed in the context of neutral B decays
• Consider B0/B0 decaying to a CP eigenstate
• Define λCP = qpAA
– p, q from B0 − B0 mixing– Standard Model : qp ∼ e−2φ1
(usual phase convention)
• Three categories of CP violation
1 |q/p| 6= 1 CPV in mixing2
∣
∣A/A∣
∣ 6= 1 CPV in decay (direct CPV )3 Im(λCP ) 6= 0 CPV in mixing—decay interference
• With amplitude analysis can also consider
2′ Im(A/A) 6= 0 CPV in decay amplitude to Q2B state
B0
B– 0
fCP∆m
A
A–
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Experimental Technique
• For most modes, use two kinematic variables to identify signal∆E = EB −Ebeam Mbc =
√
E2beam − p2B
• Put event-shape variables into likelihood ratio to reject background
• Particle ID from ACC, TOF & CDC used to separate K/π
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE
Direct CP Violation
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Direct CPV in B0 → K+π−357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0523
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
5.2 5.25 5.3Mbc (GeV/c2)
Ent
ries/
2MeV
/c2
K−π+
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
5.2 5.25 5.3Mbc (GeV/c2)
Ent
ries/
2MeV
/c2
K+π−
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 0.5∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries/
20M
eV
K−π+
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 0.5∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries/
20M
eV
K+π−
ACP(
K+π−)
= −0.113 ± 0.022(stat) ± 0.008(syst)
Significance: 4.97σ
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Direct CPV in B+ → K+π0357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0523
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
5.2 5.25 5.3
Mbc (GeV/c2)
Ent
ries/
2MeV
/c2
K-π0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
5.2 5.25 5.3
Mbc (GeV/c2)
Ent
ries/
2MeV
/c2
K+π0
0
20
40
60
80
100
-0.25 0 0.25
∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries/
15M
eV K-π0
0
20
40
60
80
100
-0.25 0 0.25
∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries/
15M
eV K+π0
ACP(
K+π0)
= 0.04 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.02(syst)
ACP
(
K+π0)
−ACP
(
K+π−)
3.1σ from zero
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Direct CPV in B+ → K+π+π−357
fb−1
Belle-Preprint-2005-36
• Veto major charm(onium) contributionsto K+π+π− final state
• 4286 ± 99 signal events
• Parametrize each contributing resonant term asaje
iδj(
1 + ηbjeiφj
)
Aj
– ajeiδj = CP conservating complex amplitude
– bjeiφj = CP violating part
– η = +1(−1) for B+ (B−)– Aj = Breit-Wigner (etc.) dependence
• Can translate to usual CP asymmetry
ACPj = −2bj cosφj
1+b2j
(δ=0) φA+
A−
a
ab
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5∆E (GeV)
Eve
nts
/(1
0 M
eV
)
- data
- total background
- continuum
- BB total
- BB charmless
B±→K±π+π-
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
M2(K+π-) (GeV2/c4)M2(
π+π-) (GeV2/c4)
(b)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Direct CPV in B+ → K+π+π−357
fb−1
Belle-Preprint-2005-36
Fit first without CP terms to establish model (bj = 0)
0
100
200
300
400
1 2 3 4 5
M(K+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(50 MeV/c2)
(a)
0
50
100
150
200
0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
0
100
200
300
400
0 1 2 3 4 5
M(π+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(50 MeV/c2)
(b)
0
10
20
30
40
3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Contributions from K∗(892)0π+, K∗0(1430)
0π+, ρ0K+, ωK+, f0K+,f2(1275)K
+, fX(1300)K+, χc0K+ & non-resonant terms
f0(980) parametrized by Flatte lineshape, fX(1300) assumed scalar (f0(1370)?)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Direct CPV in B+ → K+π+π−357
fb−1
Belle-Preprint-2005-36
First evidence for direct CPV in charged B decays
• Statistical significance calculated as√
−2 ln(L0/Lmax)
• Largest systematics from model uncertainty
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Direct CPV in B+ → K+π+π−357
fb−1
Belle-Preprint-2005-36
Asymmetry in the ρ region clearly visible in the data
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2M(π+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(0.02 GeV/c2) B-→ K-π-π+ (a)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2M(π+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(0.05 GeV/c2) B-→ K-π-π+ (c)
cos(θππhel )<0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2M(π+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(0.05 GeV/c2) B-→ K-π-π+ (e)
cos(θππhel )>0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2M(π+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(0.02 GeV/c2) B+→K+π+π- (b)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2M(π+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(0.05 GeV/c2) B+→K+π+π- (d)
cos(θππhel )<0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2M(π+π-) (GeV/c2)
Events/(0.05 GeV/c2) B+→K+π+π- (f)
cos(θππhel )>0
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Direct CP Violation — Summary
Direct CP violation seen by Belle:
• B0 → K+π− (∼ 10% ∼ 5σ)
• B0 → π+π− (∼ 50% ∼ 4σ)
• B+ → ρ0K+ (∼ 30% ∼ 4σ)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE
Measurements of UT Angles
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Key: Redundancy
(0,0) (1,0)
(ρ,η)
φ1
φ2φ3
VudVub*
VcdVcb*
VtdVtb*
VcdVcb*
φ1 φ2 φ3
b→ ccs (J/ψKS) b→ uud (π+π−, ρ+ρ−) b→ cus/ucs (DK−)b→ cud (Dπ0) b→ uus vs. b→ uud (Kπ vs. ππ)
b→ ccd (J/ψπ0, D+D−) 2φ1 + φ3
b→ sqq (φKS) b→ cud/ucd (D+π−)
. . . and many others!Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE φ3 from B → DK
• Can access φ3 via interference between B− → D0K− & B− → D0K−
Bigi & Sanda; Gronau, London & Wyler
• Reconstruct D in final states accessible to both D0 and D0
B− → D0K− ∼ VusV ∗cb B− → D0K− ∼ VcsV ∗
ubs
b
u
c
uW
u u
u
c
s
b
u
W
COLOUR ALLOWED COLOUR SUPPRESSED
K−)
D0K−)
0
φφ
δ
δ3
3
(B− DCP2A
(B−
(B− D K−)
A
AA — amplituderB = ASUPPRESSED/AFAVOURED
∼ 0.1 − 0.2
δB — strong phase difference
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE φ3 from B → DK: Final States
• Ultimately aim to use many states and combine results
• Inclusive analyses can be performed but sensitivity is diluted Reconstruct modes exclusively, where possible Use amplitude analysis (not, eg., Q2B analysis) where possible
• To extract φ3, need D decay “model” crucial role of charm factory
• Modes used so far1. CP even (mainly K+K−)
2. CP odd (mainly KSπ0)
3. Doubly Cabibbo suppressed states (Kπ)
4. Multibody final states (KSππ)
• Modes that may be used in future∗ KSK
+K−, π+π−π0, KSπ±K∓, K±π∓π0, KSπ
+π−π0, . . .
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Parameters
• CP violation effects depend onφ3 : weak phase difference between B decay amplitudesδB : strong phase difference between B decay amplitudesrB : relative magnitude of B decay amplitudesδD : (strong phase difference of D decay amplitudes)rD : (relative magnitude of D decay amplitudes)
• For multibody D decays, last two described by decay model
• D decay model also includes assumptions of– no mixing– no CP violation
. . . well motivated and tested (effects can be included)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Principle of the Multi-Body Analysis
A. Giri, Y. Grossman, A. Soffer & J. Zupan, PRD 68, 054018 (2003)A. Poluektov et al. (Belle Collaboration), PRD 70, 072003 (2004)
• Consider D0 → KSπ+π−
→ define amplitude at each Dalitz plot point as f(m2+,m
2−)
where m+ = mKSπ+, m− = mKSπ
−
• Consider D0 → KSπ+π−
→ amplitude at each Dalitz plot point is f(m2−,m
2+)
•∣
∣
∣f(m2+,m
2−)
∣
∣
∣ can be measured using flavour tagged D mesons
• Consider B+ →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK+
→ amplitude is f(m2+,m
2−) + rBe
i(δB+φ3)f(m2−,m
2+)
• Consider B− →(
KSπ+π−
)
DK−
→ amplitude is f(m2−,m
2+) + rBe
i(δB−φ3)f(m2+,m
2−)
• Can extract (rB, δB, φ3) from B+ & B− data
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B± → D(∗)K(∗)± Selection253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0476,BELLE-CONF-0502
B± → DK± B± → D∗K± B± → DK∗±
0
20
40
60
80
100
-0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries/
10 M
eV
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
-0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries/
10 M
eV
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-0.2-0.15-0.1-0.05 0 0.050.10.150.2∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries/
10 M
eV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3Mbc (GeV/c2)
Ent
ries/
2 M
eV
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3Mbc (GeV/c2)
Ent
ries/
2 M
eV
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3Mbc (GeV/c2)
Ent
ries/
2 M
eV
276 candidate events 69 candidate events 56 candidate events(209 ± 16 signal) (58 ± 8 signal) (36 ± 7 signal)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B± → DK(∗)±, D → KSπ+π− Dalitz Plot Distributions
253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0476,BELLE-CONF-0502
B± → DK± B± → D∗K± B± → DK∗±
f(m
2 +,m
2 −)+
r Bei
(δ B
+φ
3)f(m
2 −,m
2 +)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
+ (GeV2/c4)
m2 - (
GeV
2 /c4 )
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
+ (GeV2/c4)
m2 - (
GeV
2 /c4 )
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
+ (GeV2/c4)
m2 - (
GeV
2 /c4 )
f(m
2 −,m
2 +)+
r Bei
(δ B
−φ
3)f(m
2 +,m
2 −)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
- (GeV2/c4)
m2 +
(GeV
2 /c4 )
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
- (GeV2/c4)
m2 +
(GeV
2 /c4 )
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
- (GeV2/c4)
m2 +
(GeV
2 /c4 )
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Extraction of f(m2+,m
2−)
253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0476,BELLE-CONF-0502
• Fit Dalitz plot distribution of tagged D mesons from e+e− continuum
• Tag using charge of πs in D∗+ → D0π+s
• Used model defines phase variation of f(m2+,m
2−)
0
1
2
3
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
- (GeV2/c4)
Ent
ries/
0.02
GeV
2 /c4 ×
103
0
1
2
3
4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
ππ (GeV2/c4)
Ent
ries/
0.02
GeV
2 /c4 ×
103
0
5
10
15
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3m2
+ (GeV2/c4)
Ent
ries/
0.02
GeV
2 /c4 ×
103
χ2/ndf = 2.30
(ndf = 1106)
Fine tuning of model little effect on φ3
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Dalitz Plot Fits253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0476,BELLE-CONF-0502
Fit B± samples separately, float rBei(δB±φ3)
B± → DK± B± → D∗K± B± → DK∗±
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4Re(r e iθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+→DK+
B-→DK-
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
-0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5Re(r e iθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B-→D*K-
B+→D*K+
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1Re(r e iθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+→DK*+
B-→DK*-
276 candidate events 69 candidate events 56 candidate events(209 ± 16 signal) (58 ± 8 signal) (36 ± 7 signal)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Extraction of φ3253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0476,BELLE-CONF-0502
Avoid fit likelihood errors → use frequentist approach to obtain confidence regions
(recall rB and δB different for each mode)
B± → DK±
φ3 = 64◦ ± 19◦(stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)rB = 0.21 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.03(syst) ± 0.04(model)δB = 157◦ ± 19◦(stat) ± 11◦(syst) ± 21◦(model)
B± → D∗K±
φ3 = 75◦ ± 57◦(stat) ± 11◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
rB = 0.12+0.16−0.11(stat) ± 0.02(syst) ± 0.04(model)
δB = 321◦ ± 57◦(stat) ± 11◦(syst) ± 21◦(model)
B± → DK∗±
φ3 = 112◦ ± 35◦(stat) ± 9◦(syst) ± 14◦(model)rB = 0.25 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.09(syst) ± 0.09(model)δB = 353◦ ± 35◦(stat) ± 8◦(syst) ± 54◦(model)
B± → DK± & B± → D∗K± combined
φ3 = 68◦ +14◦
−15◦ (stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Time-Dependent CP Violation Phenomenology
• Interference between different paths to a final state ⇒ time-dependent CP violation
• Consider B0/B0 decaying to a CP eigenstate
• Define λCP = qpAA
– p, q from B0 − B0 mixing– Standard Model : qp ∼ e−2φ1
• Simplest scenario:
–∣
∣
∣
qp
∣
∣
∣ = 1,∣
∣
∣
AA
∣
∣
∣ = 1 ⇒ SCP = Im(λCP )
• At B factories, measure ∆t from decay time of other B(tagged as B0 (q = +1) or B0 (q = −1))
PqCP (∆t) = e
−|∆t|/τB0
4τB0
[1 + q {SCP sin(∆m∆t)}]
B0
B– 0
fCP∆m
A
A–
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE How To Measure Time-Dependent CP Violation
Illustrated using B0 → J/ψKS, B0 → D∗−µ+νµ
electron
(8GeV)
positron
(3.5GeV)
�²(4S)resonance
J/�µ
Ks
µ+
µ−
µ+
K+
π−
π−
νµ
π+
π−
∆Z~200µm
B2
t=0
B1
D0
B0
B0
t=t
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → J/ψK0 Selection357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
B0 → J/ψKS B0 → J/ψKL
M (GeV/c )bc2
5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.3
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
J/ψ K (π π ) S+ -
386 M BB
Eve
nts
/2M
eV
/c2
5.28
0
(GeV/c)cmsBp
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2N
umbe
r of
eve
nts
/ (0.
05 G
eV/c
)0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500 data
LKΨJ/
detectedLX BG, KLKΨJ/
X BG, otherΨJ/
combinatorial BG
5264 ± 73 signal events 4792 ± 105 signal events
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → J/ψK0 — ∆t Dependence357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
B0 → J/ψKS B0 → J/ψKL
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Eve
nts
/ ps
(goo
d ta
gs)
50
100
150
200
250
300q = +1
q = -1
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Raw
asy
mm
etry
(go
od ta
gs)
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Eve
nts
/ ps
(goo
d ta
gs)
100
200
300
400q = +1
q = -1
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Raw
asy
mm
etry
(go
od ta
gs)
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
S = +0.668 ± 0.047(stat) S = −0.619 ± 0.069(stat)A = −0.021 ± 0.034(stat) A = +0.049 ± 0.039(stat)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → J/ψK0 — World Average357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
Belle: sin(2φ1) = +0.652 ± 0.039 ± 0.020
sin(2β)/sin(2φ1)
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
BaBarPRL 94, 161803 (2005)
0.72 ± 0.04 ± 0.02
BelleBELLE-CONF-0569
0.65 ± 0.04 ± 0.02
ALEPHPLB 492, 259-274 (2000)
0.84 +-01
.
.80
24 ± 0.16
OPALEPJ C5, 379-388 (1998)
3.20 +-12
.
.80
00 ± 0.50
CDFPRD 61, 072005 (2000)
0.79 +-00
.
.44
14
AverageHFAG
0.69 ± 0.03
H F A GH F A GHEP 2005
PRELIMINARY
World Average: sin(2φ1) = +0.687 ± 0.032
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE sin(2φ1) — Constraint
β/φ1
ρ–
η–
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
β/φ1 = (21.7 +
-1
1.
.3
2)˚β/φ
1 = (68.3 +- 11 .. 23 )˚
H F A GH F A GHEP 2005
PRELIMINARY
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE UT angles — Summary
(0,0) (1,0)
(ρ,η)
φ1
φ2φ3
VudVub*
VcdVcb*
VtdVtb*
VcdVcb*
φ1 φ2 φ3
B0 → J/ψK0 B0 → π+π− & ρ+ρ− B± → DK±
sin(2φ1) = +0.652 ± 0.039 ± 0.020 φ2 = 93+12−11
◦
φ3 = 68◦ +14◦
−15◦ (stat) ± 13◦(syst) ± 11◦(model)
Ambiguities reduced byJ/ψK∗ & D(∗)h0 π+π−π0 D.P. (BaBar) D → KSπ
+π− D.P.
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE UT angles — Summary
Plots from UTFit Collaboration
ρ-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
η
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
βsin2
0π0D
βcos2α
γ+β2
γ
ρ-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
η
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
ρ-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
η
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
βsin2
dm∆ sm∆dm∆
Kε
cbVubV
ρ-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
η
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
ρ-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
η
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
βsin2
0π0D
βcos2α
γ+β2
γ
dm∆ sm∆dm∆
Kε
cbVubV
ρ-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
η
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Penguins
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Why Hunt Penguins?
b s,d
gγZ
u,c,t
W
q,l q,l
• loop diagrams ⇒ virtual particles ⇒ high masses
• expect new physics at TeV scale
• NP particles should appear in loops
• no reason for NP phases to be aligned
• many possible manifestations of NP– b→ s vs. b→ d
– gluonic vs. radiative vs. electroweak– ∆B = 2 (mixing) processes
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → φK0357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
φKS φKL
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-0.2-0.15-0.1-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E(GeV)
Ent
ries
/ 0.0
1 G
eV
Likelihood ratio0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Eve
nts
/ 0.0
2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 data
LKφ
BG from B mesons
BG from continuum
180 ± 16 78 ± 13
∆t(ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 B0 → φKS0
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
∆t(ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 B0 → φKL0
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
sin(2φ1eff) = +0.44 ± 0.27 ± 0.05 A = +0.14 ± 0.17 ± 0.07
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → η′K0357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
η′KS η′KL
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
-0.2-0.15-0.1-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E(GeV)
Ent
ries
/ 0.0
1 G
eV
Likelihood ratio0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Eve
nts
/ 0.0
1
0
20
40
60
80
100data
L’Kη
BG from B mesons
BG from continuum
830 ± 35 187 ± 18
∆t(ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 B0 → η′KS0
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
∆t(ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 B0 → η′KL0
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
sin(2φ1eff) = +0.62 ± 0.12 ± 0.04 A = −0.04 ± 0.08 ± 0.06
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE b→ qqs357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
KSKSKS K+K−KS f0KS ωKS KSπ0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-0.2 0 0.2∆E (GeV)
Eve
nts/
0.02
GeV
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
-0.2-0.15-0.1-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E(GeV)
Ent
ries
/ 0.0
1 G
eV
E (GeV)∆-0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Eve
nts
/ ( 0
.010
5 G
eV )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
E (GeV)∆-0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Eve
nts
/ ( 0
.010
5 G
eV )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
5
10
15
20
25
-0.2-0.15-0.1-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E(GeV)
Ent
ries
/ 0.0
1 G
eV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-0.2-0.15-0.1-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2∆E (GeV)
Ent
ries
/ 0.0
1 G
eV
105 ± 12 536 ± 29 145 ± 16 68 ± 13 344 ± 30
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5∆t (ps)
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
/2.5
ps
∆t(ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 B0 → K+K-K0S
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
B0 → f0 KS0
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
∆t (ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
∆t(ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 B0 → ωKS0
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0.0 < r ≤ 0.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5∆t (ps)
0.5 < r ≤ 1.0
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
/2.5
ps
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE b→ qqs357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
sin(2βeff)/sin(2φe1ff)
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
b→ccs
φ K
0η′
K0
f 0 K
S
π0 KS
ω K
S
K+ K
- K0
KS K
S K
S
-1 0 1 2
World Average 0.69 ± 0.03BaBar 0.50 ± 0.25 +-
00
.
.00
74
Belle 0.44 ± 0.27 ± 0.05Average 0.47 ± 0.19BaBar 0.36 ± 0.13 ± 0.03Belle 0.62 ± 0.12 ± 0.04Average 0.50 ± 0.09BaBar 0.95 +-
00
.
.23
32 ± 0.10
Belle 0.47 ± 0.36 ± 0.08Average 0.75 ± 0.24BaBar 0.35 +-
00
.
.33
03 ± 0.04
Belle 0.22 ± 0.47 ± 0.08Average 0.31 ± 0.26BaBar 0.50 +-
00
.
.33
48 ± 0.02
Belle 0.95 ± 0.53 +-00
.
.11
25
Average 0.63 ± 0.30BaBar 0.41 ± 0.18 ± 0.07 ± 0.11Belle 0.60 ± 0.18 ± 0.04 +-
00
.
.11
92
Average 0.51 ± 0.14 +-00
.
.10
18
BaBar 0.63 +-00
.
.23
82 ± 0.04
Belle 0.58 ± 0.36 ± 0.08Average 0.61 ± 0.23
H F A GH F A GHEP 2005
PRELIMINARY
Cf = -Af
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
HF
AG
HE
P 2
005
φ K
0
η′ K
0f 0
KS
π0 KS
ω K
S
K+ K
- K0
KS K
S K
S
-1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
BaBar 0.00 ± 0.23 ± 0.05
Belle -0.14 ± 0.17 ± 0.07
Average -0.09 ± 0.14
BaBar -0.16 ± 0.09 ± 0.02
Belle 0.04 ± 0.08 ± 0.06
Average -0.07 ± 0.07
BaBar -0.24 ± 0.31 ± 0.15
Belle 0.23 ± 0.23 ± 0.13
Average 0.06 ± 0.21
BaBar 0.06 ± 0.18 ± 0.03
Belle -0.11 ± 0.18 ± 0.08
Average -0.02 ± 0.13
BaBar -0.56 +-00
.
.22
97 ± 0.03
Belle -0.19 ± 0.39 ± 0.13
Average -0.44 ± 0.23
BaBar 0.23 ± 0.12 ± 0.07
Belle 0.06 ± 0.11 ± 0.07
Average 0.14 ± 0.10
BaBar -0.10 ± 0.25 ± 0.05
Belle -0.50 ± 0.23 ± 0.06
Average -0.31 ± 0.17
H F A GH F A GHEP 2005
PRELIMINARY
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → KSπ0γ — Time-Dependent CP Violation
386
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0570
Time-dependence probes γ polarization
∆t (ps)
Raw
asy
mm
etry
/(2.
5 ps
)
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
Invariant mass region: 0.8 GeV/c2 < mKSπ0 < 1.8 GeV/c2
70 ± 11 signal events
SKSπ0γ = +0.08 ± 0.41(stat) ± 0.10(stat)
CKSπ0γ = −0.12 ± 0.27(stat) ± 0.10(stat)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Belle: B → K∗l+l− — F-B asymmetry386
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0521
Measure Wilson coefficients (A7, A9, A10); find AFB = 0 point
0
10
20
30 (a) K+ e+e-
Eve
nts
/ 2.0
MeV
/c2
(b) K* e+e-
0
10
20
30(c) K+ µ+µ- (d) K* µ+µ-
0
20
40
60
5.2 5.225 5.25 5.275
(e) K+ l+l-
5.2 5.225 5.25 5.275 5.3
(f) K* l+l-
Mbc (GeV/c2)
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25q2 GeV2/c2
AF
B (
bkg-
sub)
(a) K+ l+ l-
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20q2 GeV2/c2
AF
B (
bkg-
sub)
K* l+ l-negative A7
A9A10 > 0 excluded at 95% CL
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE b→ dγ357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0520
E (GeV)∆-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4
Ent
ries/
(50
MeV
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 γ-ρ → -B
)2 (GeV/cbcM5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3
)2E
ntrie
s/(4
MeV
/c
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
γ-ρ → -B
E (GeV)∆-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4
Ent
ries/
(50
MeV
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
γ0ρ → 0
B
)2 (GeV/cbcM5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3
)2E
ntrie
s/(4
MeV
/c
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 γ0ρ → 0
B
E (GeV)∆-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4
Ent
ries/
(50
MeV
)
0
1
2
3
4
5γω →
0B
)2 (GeV/cbcM5.2 5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3
)2E
ntrie
s/(4
MeV
/c
0
1
2
3
4
5γω →
0B
Assuming isospin relation:
B (B → (ρ, ω)γ) =(
1.34+0.34−0.31
+0.14−0.10
)
× 10−6
Significance: 5.5σ
|Vtd/Vts| = 0.200+0.026−0.025 (exp)+0.038
−0.029(theo)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Super B Factory
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Super B Factory
• Luminosity frontier probes new physics . . . complementary to energy frontier
• eg. When LHC discovers SUSY, Super B can help identify SUSY breakingmechanism
• Argument for B physics (& flavour physics) well established. . . important relation to baryon asymmetry of the Universe
• Complementarity between LHCb and Super B becoming clearer– Super B only: modes with neutrals, neutrinos, difficult topologies
– LHCb only: modes with Bs, other heavy B hadrons
– Overlap: eg. Bd → π+π−, DK∗0 to keep us honest
– ATLAS/CMS: very rare modes (eg. Bd,s → µ+µ−)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Fundamental Questions
• What: Origin of flavour mixing and CP violation
• Why: Matter dominated universe
• How: Flavour structure in and beyond Standard Model
• Are there new CP violating phases?b→ s TDCPV; UT from tree vs loops; ∆B = 2 & ∆B = 1
• Are there new right-handed currents?b→ sγ TDCPV etc.; B → V V polarization
• Are there new operators enhanced by new physics?B → K∗l+l− AFB; B → Kπ, ππ rates & asymmetries
• Are there new FCNCs? (b,c or τ )b→ sνν; τ → µγ etc.; DD mixing, CPV, etc.
Data sample of ∼ 50 ab−1 @ Υ(4S) needed to address these questions
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Super B Factory Parameters
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Super B Factory Upgrade
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Crab Cavities
• Head-on collision with finitecrossing angle
• Superconducting crab cavitiesunder development
• Will be tested in early 2006
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Super B Factory Detector
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Super B Factory Detector
• Issues– Higher background– Higher event rate– Special features:
low p µ-ID; hermiticity ⇒ ν reconstruction; KS vertexing
• Possible solutions (nothing is fixed)– Inner SVD ⇒ striplets– Inner tracker ⇒ silicon– Outer tracker ⇒ fast gas– PID ⇒ “TOP”; RICH; FDIRC . . .– Endcap calorimeter ⇒ pure CsI– KLM ⇒ tile scintillator– Fast trigger & read out; improved DAQ & computing
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Super B Factory Luminosity
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Summary
• KEKB is running well, Belle has more and more data to analyze
• Many new and improved results, and more coming soon . . .
• Significant CPV effects appearing in many modes
• Amplitude analyses opening new vistas for B physics
• What I have shown is only a fraction
http://belle.kek.jp/conferences/CONF2005/
• All results shown here are preliminary
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Back Up
Back Up
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Υ(5S) Data Taking
Short engineering run has been performed (∼ 2 fb−1 on Υ(5S))
bwy5sd.f
N hadron (R2<0.2) / N BhabhaM = 10868 ± 16 MeV/c2
Γ = 110 MeV/c2
(Γ = 105 ± 29 MeV/c2)Const = 35.1 ± 1.9
χ2 = 5.8 / 2
f(M) = BW + Const
M, (GeV/c2)
Rat
io, %
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
10.8 10.82 10.84 10.86 10.88 10.9 10.92 10.94
Υ(5S) data taking at high luminosity is possible
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Identifying SUSY Breaking
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Crab Cavities
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Search for Θ(1540)+ Using Kaon Interactions397
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0518
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
Λ(1520) clearly seen in pK−
No signal for Θ(1540)+ in pKSTim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Not covered
• D physics
• τ physics
• ISR physics
• γγ physics
• spectroscopy & exotics
• Rare (& not-so-rare) b→ c decays
• Many other rare decays
• b→ ulν
• b→ clν
• . . .
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE CP Violation — Summary
Direct CP violation seen by Belle:
• B0 → K+π− (∼ 10% ∼ 5σ)
• B0 → π+π− (∼ 50% ∼ 4σ)
• B+ → ρ0K+ (∼ 30% ∼ 4σ)
Time-dependent CP violation seen by Belle:• B0 → J/ψK0 (∼ 65% >> 5σ)
• B0 → π+π− (∼ 65% > 5σ)
• B0 → η′K0 (∼ 60% ∼ 5σ)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B+ → D(∗)K+ DP Analysis History
• First results shown at Lepton-Photon 2003– B− → DK− & B− → D∗K−, D∗ → Dπ0
– 140 fb−1
– Published in PRD 70, 072003 (2004)
• Update with 250 fb−1 at FPCP 2004– hep-ex/0411049
• First results with B− → DK∗− at Moriond QCD 2005 / CKM2005– Not included in combined average yet– hep-ex/0504013
• Only D → KSπ+π− used so far
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Measurement of f(m2+,m
2−) - Results
Resonance Amplitude Phase (◦) FractionKSσ1 1.57 ± 0.10 214 ± 4 9.8%KSρ
0 1.0 (fixed) 0 (fixed) 21.6%KSω 0.0310 ± 0.0010 113.4 ± 1.9 0.4%KSf0(980) 0.394 ± 0.006 207 ± 3 4.9%KSσ2 0.23 ± 0.03 210 ± 13 0.6%KSf2(1270) 1.32 ± 0.04 348 ± 2 1.5%KSf0(1370) 1.25 ± 0.10 69 ± 8 1.1%KSρ
0(1450) 0.89 ± 0.07 1 ± 6 0.4%K∗(892)+π− 1.621 ± 0.010 131.7 ± 0.5 61.2%K∗(892)−π+ 0.154 ± 0.005 317.7 ± 1.6 0.55%K∗(1410)+π− 0.22 ± 0.04 120 ± 14 0.05%K∗(1410)−π+ 0.35 ± 0.04 253 ± 6 0.14%K∗
0(1430)+π− 2.15 ± 0.04 348.7 ± 1.1 7.4%
K∗0(1430)
−π+ 0.52 ± 0.04 89 ± 4 0.43%K∗
2(1430)+π− 1.11 ± 0.03 320.5 ± 1.8 2.2%
K∗2(1430)
−π+ 0.23 ± 0.02 263 ± 7 0.09%K∗(1680)+π− 2.34 ± 0.26 110 ± 5 0.36%K∗(1680)−π+ 1.3 ± 0.2 87 ± 11 0.11%nonresonant 3.8 ± 0.3 157 ± 4 9.7%
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Systematic Errors
B± → DK± B± → D∗K±
Source ∆rB ∆φ3 ∆δB ∆rB ∆φ3 ∆δBBackground shape 0.027 5.7◦ 4.1◦ 0.014 3.1◦ 5.3◦
Background fraction 0.006 0.2◦ 1.0◦ 0.005 0.7◦ 1.4◦
Efficiency shape 0.012 4.9◦ 2.4◦ 0.002 3.5◦ 1.0◦
Momentum resolution 0.002 0.3◦ 0.3◦ 0.002 1.7◦ 1.4◦
Control sample bias 0.004 10.2◦ 10.2◦ 0.004 9.9◦ 9.9◦
Total 0.030 12.7◦ 11.3◦ 0.016 11.1◦ 11.4◦
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Model Uncertainty
f(m2+,m
2−) =
∣
∣
∣f(m2+,m
2−)
∣
∣
∣ eiφ(m2
+,m2−)
• Fit to flavour tagged D sample measures∣
∣
∣f(m2+,m
2−)
∣
∣
∣
BUT φ(m2+,m
2−) model-dependent
• Estimate model uncertainty by varying model
Fit model (∆rB)max (∆φ3)max (∆δB)max
Meson formfactors Fr = FD = 1 0.01 3.1◦ 3.3◦
Constant BW width Γ(q2) 0.02 4.7◦ 9.0◦
Only K∗, ρ, ω, f0 non-resonant 0.03 9.9◦ 18.2◦
Total 0.04 11◦ 21◦
• Consider CP -tagged D mesons decaying to KSπ+π−
→ amplitude is f(m2+,m
2−) ± f(m2
−,m2+)
• FUTURE: use CP tagged D mesons from cτ factory (ψ′′ → DD)→ measure φ(m2
+,m2−) ⇒ remove model uncertainty
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Test Samples253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0476,BELLE-CONF-0502
Fit B, B samples separately, float rB±eiθ±, where θ± = δB ± φ3
B± →(
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ±
(r ∼ 0.01)
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
-0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15Re(r e iθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+
B-
3425 events
rB− = 0.047 ± 0.018
θ− = 193◦ ± 24◦
rB+ = 0.039 ± 0.021
θ− = 240◦ ± 28◦
B± →((
KSπ+π−
)
Dπ0
)
D∗π±
(rB ∼ 0.01)
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3Re(r e iθ)
Im(r
eiθ)
B+
B-
641 events
rB− = 0.086 ± 0.049
θ− = 280◦ ± 30◦
rB+ = 0.015 ± 0.042
θ− = 170◦ ± 186◦
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B− → D(∗)CPK
− — Observables
• Reconstruct D(∗) mesons in CP even (D(∗)1 ), CP odd (D(∗)
2 )
and flavour-specific favoured (D(∗)fav) decay modes
• CP asymmetries
AD
(∗)1,2K
−=
Γ(
B−→D(∗)1,2K
−)
−Γ(
B+→D(∗)1,2K
+)
Γ(
B−→D(∗)1,2K
−)
+Γ(
B+→D(∗)1,2K
+)
AD
(∗)1 K−
=2rB sin(δB) sin(φ3)
1+rB2+2rB cos(δB) cos(φ3)
AD
(∗)2 K−
=−2rB sin(δB) sin(φ3)
1+rB2−2rB cos(δB) cos(φ3)
• Charge averaged rates, normalized to B− → Dπ−
R1,2 =
Γ(
B−→D(∗)1,2K
−)
+Γ(
B+→D(∗)1,2K
+)
Γ(
B−→D(∗)favK
−)
+Γ(
B+→D(∗)favK
+)
/
Γ(
B−→D(∗)1,2π
−)
+Γ(
B+→D(∗)1,2π
+)
Γ(
B−→D(∗)favπ
−)
+Γ(
B+→D(∗)favπ
+)
R1 = 1 + rB2 + 2rB cos(δB) cos(φ3) R2 = 1 + rB
2 − 2rB cos(δB) cos(φ3)
• Four observables, three unknowns . . .( rB, δB ) different for B∓ → DK∓, B∓ → D∗K∓
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B− → D(∗)CPK
− — Summary253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0443
• Extract CP asymmetries by fitting B− and B+ yields separately
PRELIMINARY
B∓ → DK∓ B∓ → D∗K∓
A1 0.07 ± 0.14(stat) ± 0.06(syst) −0.27 ± 0.25(stat) ± 0.04(syst)A2 −0.11 ± 0.14(stat) ± 0.05(syst) 0.26 ± 0.26(stat) ± 0.03(syst)R1 0.98 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.10(syst) 1.43 ± 0.28(stat) ± 0.06(syst)R2 1.29 ± 0.16(stat) ± 0.08(syst) 0.94 ± 0.28(stat) ± 0.06(syst)
• First observations of B∓ → D∗1,2K
∓ . . .and first measurements of A1,2 in D∗
CPK∓ system
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE World Averages
RCP Averages
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
DC
P K
RC
P+
DC
P K
RC
P-
D* C
P K
RC
P+
D* C
P K
RC
P-
DC
P K
* R
CP
+
DC
P K
* R
CP
-
-1 0 1 2 3
BaBar 0.87 ± 0.14 ± 0.06
Belle 0.98 ± 0.18 ± 0.10
Average 0.91 ± 0.12
BaBar 0.80 ± 0.14 ± 0.08
Belle 1.29 ± 0.16 ± 0.08
Average 1.02 ± 0.12
BaBar 1.06 ± 0.26 +-00
.
.10
09
Belle 1.43 ± 0.28 ± 0.06
Average 1.24 ± 0.20
Belle 0.94 ± 0.28 ± 0.06
Average 0.94 ± 0.29
BaBar 1.96 ± 0.40 ± 0.11
Average 1.96 ± 0.41
BaBar 0.65 ± 0.26 ± 0.08
Average 0.65 ± 0.27
H F A GH F A GLP 2005
PRELIMINARY
ACP Averages
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
HF
AG
LP 2
005
DC
P K
AC
P+
DC
P K
AC
P-
D* C
P K
AC
P+
D* C
P K
AC
P-
DC
P K
* A
CP
+
DC
P K
* A
CP
-
-1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
BaBar 0.40 ± 0.15 ± 0.08
Belle 0.07 ± 0.14 ± 0.06
Average 0.22 ± 0.11
BaBar 0.21 ± 0.17 ± 0.07
Belle -0.11 ± 0.14 ± 0.05
Average 0.02 ± 0.12
BaBar -0.10 ± 0.23 +-00
.
.00
34
Belle -0.27 ± 0.25 ± 0.04
Average -0.18 ± 0.17
Belle 0.26 ± 0.26 ± 0.03
Average 0.26 ± 0.26
BaBar -0.08 ± 0.19 ± 0.08
Belle -0.02 ± 0.33 ± 0.07
Average -0.06 ± 0.18
BaBar -0.26 ± 0.40 ± 0.12
Belle 0.19 ± 0.50 ± 0.04
Average -0.08 ± 0.32
H F A GH F A GLP 2005
PRELIMINARY
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE New B− →[
K+π−]
DK− Analysis
PRELIMINARY
• Use 386 million BB pairs
• Use improved continuum suppression
• Other minor changes from PRL 94, 091601 (2005)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE New ADS Analysis — B∓ → Dπ∓357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0552
B∓ →[
K∓π±]
Dπ∓ B∓ →
[
K±π∓]
Dπ∓
−0.20 −0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20∆E(GeV)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Eve
nts/
10M
eV
−0.20 −0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20∆E(GeV)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Eve
nts/
10M
eV14518 ± 125 signal events 50+11
−10 signal events
RDπ = (3.5+0.8−0.7 (stat) ± 0.3 (syst)) × 10−3
Consistent with previous Belle result
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → J/ψK0 — ∆t Dependence (Poor quality tags)357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0569
B0 → J/ψKS B0 → J/ψKL
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Eve
nts
/ ps
(poo
r ta
gs)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350q = +1
q = -1
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Raw
asy
mm
etry
(po
or ta
gs)
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Eve
nts
/ ps
(poo
r ta
gs)
100
200
300
400
500 q = +1
q = -1
t (ps)∆-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Raw
asy
mm
etry
(po
or ta
gs)
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
S = +0.668 ± 0.047(stat) S = −0.619 ± 0.069(stat)A = −0.021 ± 0.034(stat) A = +0.049 ± 0.039(stat)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Resolving the sin(2φ1) Ambiguity357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0546
• Utilize interference between CP -even & CP -odd final stateseg. B0 → J/ψK∗0 → J/ψKSπ
0 angular analysis
• New method uses analysis of (eg.) D → KSπ+π− Dalitz plot in
B0 → Dh0 decays (h0 = π0, η, . . .)
• Similar to B+ → DK+ analysis for φ3
• Test SM prediction: Sb→ccs ≃ Sb→cud
Dπ0 Dη Dω D∗π0&D∗η
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
∆E, GeV
Eve
nts/
10
MeV
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
∆E, GeV
Eve
nts/
10
MeV
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
∆E, GeV
Eve
nts/
10
MeV
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
∆E, GeV
Eve
nts/
10
MeV
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Description of the Method (Pictures)A. Bondar, T.G., P. Krokovny, PLB 624, 1 (2005)
(Terms of e−|∆t|/τB0 have been dropped)
ΓB0(∆t) ∝
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
cos
(
∆m∆t
2
)
− iΦ∗ sin
(
∆m∆t
2
)
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
2
ΓB0(∆t) ∝
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
cos
(
∆m∆t
2
)
− iΦ sin
(
∆m∆t
2
)
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
2
Φ∗ = e−i2φ1ηh0(−1)l Φ = e+i2φ1ηh0(−1)l
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE sin(2φ1) — Constraint357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0546
φ1 = (16 ± 21 ± 11)◦
β/φ1
ρ–
η–
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
β/φ1 = (21.7 +
-1
1.
.3
2 )˚β/φ
1 = (68.3 +- 11 .. 23 )˚
DIS
FA
VO
UR
ED
BY
J/ψK
* & D
h0
H F A GH F A GHEP 2005
PRELIMINARY
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → ρ+ρ−253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0545
Initial attempts to extract φ2 have focussed on B0 → π+π−.However,• penguin pollution found to be large• B
(
B0 → π0π0)
≈ 1.5 × 10−6 (HFAG2005)• large direct CP violation:A
(
B0 → π+π−)
= 0.56 ± 0.12 ± 0.06 (Belle; PRL 95, 101801 (2005))
Isospin analysis possible; large statistical error & ambiguities
Recently,B0 → ρ+ρ− found to be powerful for measurement of φ2 because• small penguin pollution (B
(
B0 → ρ0ρ0)
< 1.1 × 10−6 (BaBar))
• surprisingly (?) little nonresonant contribution
• B0 → ρ+ρ− almost 100% longitudinally polarized(almost pure CP state . . . downside is cannot access interference)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → ρ+ρ−253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0545
0102030405060708090
100
5.22 5.24 5.26 5.28 Mbc (GeV/c2)
Eve
nts
/ 2 M
eV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
−0.2 −0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3∆E (GeV)
Eve
nts
/ 20
MeV
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Mππ (GeV/c2)
Eve
nts
/ (60
MeV
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8cos θ
Eve
nts
/ (0.
089)
142 ± 13 signal events flong = 0.951+0.033−0.039
+0.029−0.031
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → ρ+ρ− — CP Fit253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0545
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-5 0 5∆t (ps)
Eve
nts
/ (1.
25 p
s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-5 0 5∆t (ps)∆t (ps)
Eve
nts
/ (1.
25 p
s)
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
-5 0 5∆t (ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
/ (2
.5 p
s)
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
-5 0 5∆t (ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
/ (2
.5 p
s)
S = 0.09 ± 0.41 ± 0.08 A = 0.00 ± 0.039+0.10−0.09
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Constraint on φ2253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0501,BELLE-CONF-0545
ρρ only ππ & ρρ
φ2 = 87 ± 17◦ φ2 = 93+12−11
◦
(cf. φ2 = 87 ± 12◦ from naıve S = − sin(2φ2) neglecting penguins)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Description of the Method (Equations)
A. Bondar et al., hep-ph/0503174, to appear PLB• Assume CPT , take ∆Γ = 0, |q/p| = 1, arg(q/p) = 2φ1
• Neglect Cabibbo-suppressed contribution (for now)
• Ignore mixing, CP violation in D system
• Amplitude description (terms of e−|∆t|/2τB0 dropped)
∣
∣B0(∆t)⟩
=∣
∣B0⟩
cos(∆m∆t/2) − ie−i2φ1
∣
∣B0⟩
sin(∆m∆t/2)
∣
∣DB0(∆t)⟩
=∣
∣D0⟩
cos(∆m∆t/2) − ie−i2φ1ηh0(−1)l∣
∣D0⟩
sin(∆m∆t/2)
MB0(∆t) = f(m2−,m
2+)cos(∆m∆t/2) − ie−i2φ1ηh0(−1)lf(m2
+,m2−)sin(∆m∆t/2)
∣
∣B0(∆t)⟩
=∣
∣B0⟩
cos(∆m∆t/2) − ie+i2φ1
∣
∣B0⟩
sin(∆m∆t/2)
∣
∣DB0(∆t)⟩
=∣
∣D0⟩
cos(∆m∆t/2) − ie+i2φ1ηh0(−1)l∣
∣D0⟩
sin(∆m∆t/2)
MB0(∆t) = f(m2+,m
2−)cos(∆m∆t/2) − ie+i2φ1ηh0(−1)lf(m2
−,m2+)sin(∆m∆t/2)
ηh0 = CP eigenvalue of h0 l = angular momentum
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → D(∗)h0 Analysis357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0546
Process Ntot Efficiency (%) Nsig PurityDπ0 265 8.7 157 ± 24 59%Dω 78 4.1 67 ± 10 86%Dη 97 3.9 58 ± 13 60%D∗π0,D∗η 52 27 ± 11 52%Sum 492 309 ± 31 63%
Data fit results. Statistical errors from toy MC.Final state φ1 fit result, ◦
Dπ0 11 ± 26Dω, Dη 28 ± 32
D∗π0,D∗η 25 ± 35
Simultaneous fit 16 ± 21
Raw asymmetry.[
KSρ0]
Dh0 candidates.
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5
∆t, ps
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
/ 2.5
ps
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B → π+π− Candidates253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0501
Categorize candidates based on level of qq background
High quality
0
50
100
150
200
250
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4∆E (GeV)
Eve
nts/
(0.0
2GeV
)
(a)Totalπ+π-
KπcontinuumThree-body
Low quality
050
100150200250300350400
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4∆E (GeV)
Eve
nts/
(0.0
2GeV
)
(b)
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B → π+π− Analysis253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0501
Contributions from tree and penguin amplitudes
tree contains Vub
b u
uW
dd
d
penguin contains Vtd
b W
t u
u
dd
g
d
• Small branching fraction (∼ 4 × 10−6)
• Large background from e+e− → qq (q = u, d, s, c)
• Background from B → K+π−
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B → π+π− Fit Result253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0501
∗ 2820 candidates ∗ ∗ 666 ± 43 π+π− signal events ∗
Sπ+π− = −0.67 ± 0.16 ± 0.06 Aπ+π− = +0.56 ± 0.12 ± 0.06
Plots for high quality events only
0
100
200
Eve
nts/
(1.2
5ps)
Totalπ+π-
Kπcontinuum
(a) q = +1
0
100
200
-5 0 5
Eve
nts/
(1.2
5ps)
∆t (ps)
Totalπ+π-
Kπcontinuum
(b) q = -1
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1(c) 0.0<r≤0.5
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-5 0 5
(d) 0.5<r≤1.0
∆t (ps)
Raw
Asy
mm
etry
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B → π+π−253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0501
Yields from Mbc—∆E fits in bins of (q,∆t)
0
100
200
No.
of
π+ π- eve
nts
tagged as a B 0
tagged as a B– 0
-1
0
1
-5 0 5∆t (ps)
π+ π- asy
mm
etry
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
-1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
1-C.L. at (-0.62,0) = 5.13×10-5
1-C.L. at (0,0) = 5.62×10-8
SππA
ππ
• CP violation significance > 5σ (still)
• DIRECT CPV significance : 4σ
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B → π+π− : Extraction of φ2253
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0501
• Due to large penguin contribution need isospin analysis to extract φ2
• Such analyses are underway . . .
• Current limitation from knowledge of B0 → π0π0
– branching fraction– direct CP asymmetry
• Other avenues for φ2 (ρ±π∓, ρ±ρ∓, etc.) being explored
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → ρ0π0357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-05
• Dalitz plot analysis of B0 → π+π−π0 can measure φ2 & resolve ambiguities
• Main contributions from ρ±π∓, other contributions complicate the analysis
(a) (b)
∆E (GeV)
Eve
nts
/ 20
MeV
Mbc (GeV/c2)
Eve
nts
/ 2.3
MeV
/c2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-0.2 0 0.2 0.40
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
5.24 5.26 5.28 5.3
Significance: 4.2σ
B(
B0 → ρ0π0)
=(
3.12+0.88−0.82
+0.60−0.76
)
× 10−6
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE B0 → ρ0π0357
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-05
(c) (d)
mπ+π− (GeV/c2)
Yie
lds
/ 250
MeV
/c2
cos θρhel
Yie
lds
/ 0.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
0.5 1 1.50
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006
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BELLE Belle: B → K∗l+l− — F-B asymmetry386
fb−1
BELLE-CONF-0521
-40
-20
0
20
40
-40 -20 0 20 40A9/A7
A10
/A7
(a) negative A7
-40
-20
0
20
40
-40 -20 0 20 40A9/A7
A10
/A7
(b) positive A7
A9/A7 = −15.3+3.4−4.8 ± 1.1 A9/A7 = −16.3+3.7
−5.7 ± 1.4
A10/A7 = 10.3+5.2−3.8 ± 1.8 A10/A7 = 11.1+6.0
−3.9 ± 2.4
Tim Gershon University of Oxford Seminar January 24, 2006