tiểu sử thiên sứ muhammad

Tiu s ca Thin S MUHAMMAD

Hiu bit v "S Khoan Dung n vi Nhn Loi" Tc gi: Dr. Saleh As-Saleh

Hiu bit v Thin s Muhammad - Tc gi: Dr. Saalih as-Saalih

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Nhng thut ng quan trng: 1. Hijri = Nin lch Islaam: gm c 12 thng

Thng Tn thng

1 Muharram

2 Safar

3 Rabee al-Awwal

4 Rabee ath-Thaani

5 Jumaadaa al-Awwal

6 Jumaadaa ath-Thaaniyah

7 Rajab

8 Shabaan

9 Ramadaan

10 Shawwaal

11 Dhoo ul-Qadah

12 Dhoo ul-Hijjah

2. AH = Sau Hijrah (S di c ca Thin s t Makkah n Madeenah)


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3. Nhng du'aa (li cu xin) i km sau danh xng:

sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam: cu xin Allaah ban hng phc v bnh an n vi Ngi (Thin s Muhammad).

'alayhis-salaam: cu xin s bnh an n vi Ngi (cc Thin s khc, Thin thn).

radiyallaahu 'anhu: cu xin Allaah hi lng vi ng y. radiyallaahu 'anhum: cu xin Allaah hi lng vi h.

radiyallaahu 'anha: cu xin Allaah hi lng vi b y.


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4. Bn ph lc phin m ting Rp:


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Hiu bit v Thin s Muhammad Thin S Muhammad c sinh ra ti Makkah, mt trong nhng

thnh ph quan trng ca Jazeeratul-'Arab (bn o Arab). Makkah

(Mecca) tng l mt ni khng c ngi sinh sng cho n khi Allaah

ra lnh Thin S Ibraaheem (Abraham) dt v l b Haajar v con trai Ismaa'eel n sng . Allaah gi h n l bi v Ngi mun t ni ny

(Makkah), mt s gi cho tt c nhn loi s xut hin. Ibraheem li v Haajar v con trai Makkah v tr v Palestine.

Vo thi im Makkah l mt bn o, ni rt khan him nc, v

vy khi con trai Ismaeel i kht, b Haajar khng th tm u ra nc cho

con ca b. Allaah gi xung Thin Thn Jibreel (Gabriel) , Thin thn dng chn p xung mt t v Allaah lm cho nc c phun

ln. Ngun nc c bit ny vn cn chy cho ti ngy nay v n c

gi l nc Zamzam. Nc ny l s hi p cho du'aa (s cu xin) m

Thin s Ibraaheem thc hin v iu ny c cp n trong

Thin Kinh Quraan:

37. "O our Lord! I have made some of my offspring to dwell in an uncultivable

valley by Your Sacred House (the Ka'abah at Makkah); in order, O our Lord, that they may perform as-salaat (Iqaamat-as-salaat), so fill some hearts among men with love towards them, and (O Allaah) provide them with fruits so that they may give thanks.

37. Ly Rabb ca b ti! B ti nh c con chu ca b ti ni thung lng (Makkah) khng c t ai trng trt, gn Ngi nh linh thing ca Ngi (Ka'abah) cho chng c th, tha Rabb ca b ti, dng l salaat (Iqaamat-as-salaat). Bi th, xin Ngi lm cho tm lng ca mt s nhn loi oi thng v (tha Allaah) nui dng chng vi hoa qu chng c th t n Ngi.

[Soorah Ibraaheem 14:37]


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Khng lu sau , con ngi bt u n Makkah v cui cng n cng

pht trin mnh m cho n khi tr thnh mt trong nhng thnh ph

quan trng ca bn o 'Arab. Khi Ismaa'eel ln ln. Allaah ra lnh

Ibraaheem v con trai ca Ngi xy Ka'aba. Say , Ismaa'eel kt hn v c nhiu con chu. Qua nhng th h sau ny, h tr thnh

nhiu b tc. Thin S Muhammad ca chng ta n t b tc Quraysh. Trong nhiu nm, cc hu du ca Ibraaheem v Ismaa'eel tn th ch

duy nht Allaah nhng tri qua nhiu th h, con ngi qun mt

ng li ca Thin S Ibraaheem v bt u tn th bt tng, mt tri, mt trng, nhng v sao, la v nhng thn thnh khc.

Mi b tc c nhiu gia nh v mt ngi dn m mi ngi noi theo

v vng lnh. 'Abdul-Muttalib, ng ni ca Thin S Muhammad , l mt ngi dn u b tc mang tn Quraysh. Ni nhng ngi Arab ny sinh

sng c bit n nh l 'Arabian Peninsula (Bn o 'Arab). Mi ngi

'Arab bnh vc b tc ca ngi chng li nhng b tc khc trong

qu trnh din bin ca nhiu nm tuyn chin gia cc b tc. Trc thi

k ca Islaam, ngi 'Arab c bit n vi nhng phm cht tt nh

l: tn trng lng ging, rng lng, gi li ha, v v... H cng c nhng

tnh xu nh l ung ru v chn sng nhng em b gi bi v h khng

thch nu nhng b gi c sinh ra. Thin S Muhammad c sinh ra t b tc Quraysh ti Makkah vo ngy th hai nm 571 Cng Nguyn.

Cha ca Ngi l 'Abdullaah v m l Aaminah bint Wahb. ng ni ca

ngi 'Abdul-Muttalib rt hi lng v t tn cho Ngi l Muhammad.

Tn trn vn ca Ngi l Muhammad bin 'Abdullaah bin 'Abdul-Muttalib

bin Haashim, n t b tc Quraysh.

'Abdullaah, cha ca Ngi, l mt trong nhng thanh nin tt nht

trong ton Makkah. Sau khi ng y kt hn vi b Aaminah, ng y i

n mt vng t c gi l Bilaad ush-Shaam. Ngy nay n bao gm

vng Ty Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon v Palestine. Trn ng tr


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v Makkah, ng y ng bnh v qua i. Ci cht ca ng xy ra vo

7 thng trc khi Thin S Muhammad c sinh ra i.

Phong tc ca ngi Arab hay tm cho con ca h nhng v nui sng

cch xa cuc sng thnh ph, v theo cch , con ca h c th hc

thch nghi vi nhng iu kin khc nghit ca sa mc. Muhammad c b sa m trong khong thi gian ngn nhng sau c gi n

cho mt ph n c gi l Haleemah as-Sadeeyah. B mang Ngi v

nh ca b nm ngoi a phn ca Makkah v Ngi sng vi b cho ti

khi Ngi ln bn.

Khi Ngi c 6 tui, Aaminah, m ca Ngi, qua i.

'Abdullaah Muttalib nhn Muhammad trong s gim h v chm sc

ca ng y. ng y yu thng Ngi rt nhiu nhng ng mt khi Ngi ln tm tui. Ri sau , Thin s c chm sc bi ch ca

Ngi, Aboo Taalib, ng rt mc yu thng Ngi.

Thin s bt u lm vic nh mt ngi chn cu cho nhng ngi Makkah khi tui cn nh nhng khng c tr cng nhiu my.

tui 15, Ngi bt u i theo ch trong nhng chuyn bun. Ngi

c c nhiu ting tt v v th ngi dn Makkah bt u gi Ngi l

al-Ameen (Ngi ng tin cy).

Makkah c mt ngi ph n danh gi tn Khadeejah bint

Khuwaylid. B y nghe v tnh tht th ca Thin S v c Ngi i mt chuyn bun. B c mt ngi hu nam tn Maysarah i cng Thin s

trong chuyn i . Thin S dn on bun ca b y n nhng vng

t ash-Shaam v tr v vi rt nhiu li nhun. Ngi hu trai cho bo

cho b Khadeejah bit v cung cch v c tnh xut sc ca Ngi. B

Khadeejah cm kch v nhng iu ny v mun kt hn vi Thin s.

Ch ca Ngi, Aboo Taalib sp t cuc hn nhn gia h. Vo lc

, b Khadeejah c 40 tui v Thin s c 25 tui. B l mt

ngi v rt tt v ht mnh tr gip Thin S .


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Thin S c su ngi con vi b Khadeejah , hai con trai v bn con gi. Tn ca h l: 'Abdullaah, Qaasim, Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm

Kulthum v Faatimah. 'Abdullaah v Qaasim cht vo lc nh tui. Ngi

cng c mt ngi con trai khc tn l Ibraaheem ca b Maaryah Al-

Qibteeyah n t Ai Cp. Ibraaheem cng cht vo tui rt nh. Tt c

con gi ca Ngi u tr thnh nhng ngi Muslim.

C mt ln, ngi dn Makkah bt ng vi nhau v vic ai s l ngi

xy dng li Ka'abah khi cu trc ca n tr nn yu i. C mt tng

c bit c gi l "Tng en" v tt c cc b tc u mun c

vinh hnh t n vo v tr. H khng th no tin n c mt gii

php, v th h bt u gy g v thm ch chun b nh nhau. Vi ngi

trong s h xut ngi u tin n cuc hi hp ny s l ngi

phn x v quyt nh ai trong s h s t Tng en ny. Thin S l ngi u tin n cuc hp mt v Ngi lc 35 tui. Khi h

thy Thin S n, h bt u la ht vi s hn hoan, "y l al-Ameen

(ngi ng tin cy) v chng ta chp nhn Ngi l mt v phn x ca

chng ta." Thin S l mt ngi n ng rt sng sut. Ngi yu

cu mt tm vi c t trn mt t v ri Ngi t Tng en

chnh gia n. Thin S yu cu mi b tc nm gi mi cui gc tm

vi, th l, tt c cc b tc lm vic thng nht nhau v khing Tng

. Tt c b tc u hi lng vi s phn x, iu ny mt ln na th

hin s thng thi ca Thin S .

Ngi ca b tc Quraysh yu qu v tn trng Ngi nhng bn thn

Thin S li khng hi lng vi h vi mt s vn . Thin S v cng bun bc khi Ngi thy ngi dn ca Ngi ang th phng

nhng bt tng, ung ru v c bc. V vy, Ngi khng thch tr

trn vi h nhng khi Ngi thy h c nhng vic lm tt Ngi tham

gia vi h. Nhiu ln Ngi i n trnh khi nhng t nn xu xa

cu x hi m Ngi ang sng. Ngi i n mt hang ni gi tn


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l Hiraa trong khong mt thng mi nm suy ngm v ng li ca

Thin S Ibraaheem , mt ng li thanh khit trnh xa khi s tn th bt tng.

Trong mt m thng Ramadaan nm 610 sau Cng Nguyn, c mt

s kin khc thng lm thay i din bin ca lch s xy ra. i Thin

Thn Jibreel c phi xung cho Thin S bi Allaah. Thin Thn

Jibreel sit cht Thin s ba ln v mi ln nh vy Thin Thn yu

cu Thin s hy "c". Cu u tin ca Thin Kinh Quraan c mc

khi n Thin S trong m l:

1. Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists), 2. Has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). 3. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, 4. Who has taught (the writing) by the pen [the first person to write was

Prophet Idrees], 5. Has taught man that which he knew not. 1. Hy c! Nhn danh Rabb ca Ngi, ng to (tt c nhng g

hin hu), 2. to con ngi t mt hn mu c. 3. Hy c! V Rabb ca Ngi l ng Rt mc Qung i, 4. ng dy (kin thc) bng cy vit [ngi u tin bit vit l

Thin s Idrees], 5. dy con ngi iu m y khng bit.

[Soorah al-'Alaq 96:1-5]


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Thin S rt hong s v s kin ny thm ch Ngi vi vng

v nh v yu cu v bao bc ly Ngi. Khadeejah m Ngi v

an i Ngi. Thin s mi k li s vic xy ra vi b y v b Khadeejah, sau khi by t s ng h, a Ngi n gp anh h ca

b, Waraqah bin Nawfal. ng y l mt ngi n ng thng thi v bit

v nhng cu chuyn ca cc Thin S c gi n trc .

Waraqah an i Thin s Muhammad v gii thch cho Ngi hiu v trch nhim trng i sp c mang n cho Ngi.

Vo thi khc lch s bt u thay i. Allaah ra lnh Thin S ku gi mi ngi n vi Islaam (mc d cha c cng khai). Allaah

bo Ngi:

1. O you (Muhammad ) enveloped (in garments)! 2. Arise and warn!

1. Hi ngi p chn (Muhammad )! 2. Hy ng ln v cnh co (dn chng)! [Soorah al-Muddariththir 74:1-2]

Thin S tun theo mnh lnh ca Allaah v bt u ku gi mi ngi hng v s th phng ch duy nht Allaah, khng c c bt k

i tc no (nh bt tng, v Thnh, Thin Thn v nhng vt to ho

khc m ngi dn Makkah th phng trc thi k ca Islaam). Thin

S bt u ging o cho gia nh v sau l nhng ngi bn ca Ngi. Ngi u tin chp nhn tn gio Islaam chnh l v ca Ngi,

b Khadeejah . Ngi u tin trong s nhng ngi n ng tin tng

vo Thin s l Aboo Bakr as-Sideeq , v ngi u tin trong s nhng

thanh nin tin tng l 'Ali, ngi h hng ca Thin S v Zayd bin

Haarith .


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Thin S truyn o khong chng 3 nm trong b mt v hp mt ti mt cn nh, c gi l ni ca Arqam. Sau , Allaah ra mnh

lnh Thin S ku gi mi ngi n vi chn l mt cch cng khai.

94. Therefore proclaim openly (Allaah's Message Islaamic Monotheism)

that which you are commanded, and turn away from al-Mushrikoon (polytheists, idolaters, and disbelievers, etc.

94. Do hy cng b iu m ngi c ch th (li phn ca Allaah v Tawheed ca Tn gio Islaam), v hy lnh xa al-Mushrikoon (nhng k tn th a thn, nhng k khng tin tng, vv...) [Soorah al-Hijr 15:94]

Thin S tun lnh v ku gi ngi dn ca Makkah n mt cuc gp g trn ni Safaa. Ngi k cho h nghe v thng ip ca

Tawheed, l khng c Tn th bt k ai ngoi tr duy nht mi

Allaah. Mt ngi n ng trong s m ng bt u gin d tht ln

vi Ngi v ng y chnh l Aboo Lahab ch ca Ngi. Allaah mc

khi trn mt chng kinh v ng y. Allaah phn:

1. Perish the two hands of Aboo Lahab (an uncle of the Prophet), and perish he! 2. His wealth and his children (etc.) will not benefit him! 3. He will be burnt in a Fire of blazing flames! 4. And his wife too, who carries wood (thorns of Sadan which she used to put on

the way of the Prophet , or use to slander him). 5. In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad (palm fibre).


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1. Hai tay ca Aboo Lahab b hy dit v y b hy dit! 2. Ca ci v nhng g y tu tc (con ci, vv) s chng gip y c g! 3. Y s b t trong la ngn ngt chy! 4. V v ca y, ngi tng vc ci kh, cng s b nh th (nhng ci gai ca

cy Sadaan m b tng t trn ng i ca Thin s hoc dng ph bng Ngi).

5. C ca b ta s b tht bi mt si dy Masad (tht nt). [Soorah al-Masad 111:1-5]

Thin S truyn o nh th c khong chng 10 nm. Trong khong thi gian ny Ngi v nhng ai chp nhn tn gio Islaam

phi tri qua nhiu au kh. Ngi dn Makkah gi tn Ngi l thng

in, mt tr, php thut v v s tn xu khc. H cnh bo nhng ngi

dn ca b tc khc ng ni chuyn vi Ngi. H t my ci gai trn

ng i v cng tra tn nhng ngi Muslim khc. Nhng ngi Muslim

cng rt kin nhn chu ng bi v Thin S bo h hy kin nhn ginh ly s hi lng ca Allaah. Trong s h c Bilaal bin Rabaah, 'Ammar

bin Yaasir . Cha m ca 'Ammar, Yaasir v Sumayyah cng b tra tn v b git bi Mushrikin (nhng ngi khng tin tng) do h tr thnh

nhng ngi shadeed (t v o) u tin ca Islaam. Ch ring ngi duy

nht ng ln cng Thin S l ch ca Ngi, Aboo Taalib.

Thin S yu cu nhng ngi Muslim b tra tn qu mc phi ri

khi v di c n mt vng t Chu Phi c gi tn l Abyssinia (by

gi chnh l Ethiopia ngy nay). Thin S chn ni ny bi v v vua ca Abyssinia, an-Najaashi l mt ngi tr v cng bng. Nhng

ngi Muslim bt u b mt di c dn m nhng ngi Quraysh khng

h hay bit chuyn . Cho n khi h gn c mt trm ngi. An

Najaashi hoan nghnh v tip i h rt tt.

B tc Quraysh rt gin d bi cch ng x ca an-Najaashi v hm

hi nhng ngi Muslim ang c tr ti Abyssinia, h gi i mt vi k

i din gi by an-Najaashi. Nhng k i din ny


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ch theo tng phm v h yu cu an-Najaashi tr nhng ngi

Muslim v li Makkah. H k cho ng y nghe v nhng ngi Muslim

l nhng ngi dy lon xu xa ci theo mt tn gio mi nhng

Allaah lm cho m mu ca chng b tht bi. An-Najaashi l mt ngi

cai tr cng bng v khi ng hi nhng ngi Muslim v tn gio ca h,

ng y nhn ra Islaam mi l tn gio chn l.

Sau An-Najaashi cng tin tng vo Islaam nhng ng y ni ra

iu cng khai bi v ng y lo s cho cuc sng ca ng y bi nhng

ngi dn ca ng y, hu ht u l nhng ngi Thin Cha Gio.

S ngi Muslim tng ln ngy qua ngy. Thm ch, mt trong s

nhng ngi lnh o Quraysh chp nhn Islaam trong s c ng

Hamza bin Abdul-Muttalib, 'Umar bin Al-Khattaab . Nhng ngi mushrikeen gin d v iu ny v h m mu chng li gia nh

ca Thin S . H ty chay ngi Muslim bng cch l dng giao dch vi h v ngi Muslim bc vo tnh trng b bao vy (phong to)

trong ba nm. Ngi Muslim chu ng n ni h phi n l cy. Khi

mt s ngi lnh o nhn thy iu ny, h cm thy cm thng v

chm dt s ty chay. Cng trong nm , ch Abu Taalib ca Ngi

qua i v v ca Ngi cng qua i. Thin S b nh hng ln lao bi iu ny. Qu tht th nm y c gi l nm ca s au

bun.

Nhng ngi mushrikeen t Quraysh nhn c hi ny v gia tng

nhng vic lm cn quy i vi vi Thin S. Nhng Thin S cng rt

kin nhn v tip tc ku gi nhng ngi b tc khc n vi Islaam.

Trong sut nhng thi im kh khn ny, Thin S n mt thnh ph c gi tn l at-Taaif vi hy vng tm thy mt vi s ng h nhng

Ngi b tn thng ln na. Thin S cng ku gi nhng b tc

gh thm Makkah hnh hng hy n vi Islaam nhng nhng b

tc t chi.


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Vo nm th 11 ca thi k Thin S, 6 ngi n t thnh ph

Madeenah lin lc vi Thin S v b mt chp nhn Islaam. V h s

ngi Quraysh. Khi h tr v t Madeenah h truyn t tn gio Islaam

n ngi dn ca h. Alhamdulillaah, nhiu ngi chp nhn Islaam.

Mt nm sau, 12 ngi t Madeenah n v gp S Gi ca Allaah,

ni c gi l al-'Aqabah. H trao s trung thnh n vi Thin S . Li ha ng h ny c bit n nh l Giao c ca al-'Aqabah al-oola

(Giao c u Tin ca al-'Aqabah) Thin S gi ngi ban ng

hnh ca Ngi l Mus'ab bin 'Umayr , i vi h n Madeenah dy h v Islaam.

Islaam bt u lan rng Madeenah, nhiu n ni mi mt nh c

t nht l mt ngi Muslim. Mt nm sau, 73 n ng v ph n t

Madeenah n Makkah thc hin hajj. , h gp c Thin S

, trong lc gia m ti mt ni gi l Meena bi v h khng mun

ngi mushrikeen ca Quraysh nhn thy. Ch ca Thin S Al-'Abbas c mt v tt c h iu tra li ha ng h n Thin S v h mi

Thin S n vi h ti Madeenah. y l Giao c th hai ca al-

'Aqabah.

Nhng k mushrikeen trong s ngi dn Quraysh bit vic hip

c th hai ca al-'Aqabah. H v cng lo lng, v th h gia tng s hnh

h n vi nhng ngi Muslim. Thin S cho php nhng ngi Muslim di c n Madeenah v h ri khi Makkah trong s b mt.

Ngay sau nhng ngi mushrikeen ca Quraysh m mu git

Thin S , nhng Allaah ng Ti Cao thng bo v k hoch ca h.

Thin S k cho Ngi bn ng hnh thn thit ca Ngi l

Aboo Bakr as-Sideeq rng Ngi d nh di c n Madeenah v Aboo

Bakr ng i cng vi Ngi. Nhng ngi mushrikeen trong s

Quraysh bao vy nh ca Thin S git ngi. Thin S yu cu

em h ca Ngi 'Ali bin Abee Taalib ng trn


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ging ca Ngi v Allaah lm cho nhng k mushrikeen khng thy

Thin S ri khi nh. Ri Thin S gp mt Aboo Bakr ri h cng ri khi i n Madeenah.

Sau , khi nhng k mushrikeen nhn ra rng Thin S ri i, h treo gi mt trm con lc cho ci u ca Ngi. Bt c ai thng

bo v ni ca Thin S s c thng cho mt trm con lc . H

trn trong mt hang ng v nhng k mushrikeen rt gn vi

hang ng nhng Allaah bo v Thin S v Aboo Bakr v h

n Madeenah mt cch an ton. Allaah phn trong Quraan:

40. If you help him (Muhammad ) not (it does not matter), for Allaah did

indeed help him when the disbelievers drove him out, the second of two, when

they (Muhammad and Aboo Bakr) were in the cave, and he said to his companion (Aboo Bakr): "Be not sad (or afraid), surely Allaah is with us." Then Allaah sent down His Sakeenah (calmness, tranquillity, peace, etc.) upon him, and strengthened him with forces (angels) which you saw not, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowermost, while it was the Word of Allaah that became the uppermost, and Allaah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.

40. Nu cc ngi khng gip Ngi (Nabi Muhammad ) (cng khng sao), bi v Allaah gip Ngi khi nhng k khng c c tin nht nh trc xut Ngi i ni khc. (Nabi) l ngi th hai trong s hai ngi trn trong hang ni. (Nabi) ni vi ngi bn ng hnh (Aboo Bakr): Ch s, bi v Allaah ang cng vi chng ta. Ri Allaah ban s trm tnh t Ngi xung cho Ngi v tng cng Ngi vi thin binh m (mt trn ca) cc ngi khng nhn thy ng v Ngi lm lm i li ni (hunh hoang) ca nhng k khng tin v lm ly lng Li ni ca Allaah bi v Allaah Ton Nng, Rt mc Sng sut.

[Soorah at-Tawbah 9:40]


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Khi Thin S n c Madeenah, c mt s n tip lao dnh cho

Ngi v ngi bn o ca Ngi. Madeenah sau ny c gi tn l al-

Madeenatu-Nabawiyyah l Thnh Ph ca Thin S . Allaah gi nhng ngi di c n Madeenah t Makkah nh l 'muhaajireen'. Khi s vi phm

ca nhng k mushrikeen gia tng Allaah ra lnh Thin S phi chin

u vi h. Allaah phn trong Quraan:

190. And fight in the Way of Allaah (feesabeelillaah) those who fight you, but

transgress not the limits. Truly, Allaah likes not the transgressors.

190. V v chnh ngha ca Allaah (feesabeelillaah) hy nh tr nhng k nh cc ngi (trc) nhng ch vt qu mc gii hn. Qu tht, Allaah khng thng nhng k phm gii.

[Soorah al-Baqarah 2:190]

Mt on bun ca Quraysh ang tr v Makkah t ash-Shaam (mt

vng rng ln ca Syria) v h c rt nhiu hng ho. Khi Thin S nghe v iu ny, Ngi quyt nh ly n bi v nhng g m Ngi

mushrikeen ly i t ti sn ca nhng ngi Muslim Makkah. on

bun ny dn u bi Aboo Sufyaan. Khi ng y nghe c iu ny, ng

ta phi gi nhng ngi mushrikeen ca Makkah n gip trn gi

on bun ca ng ta nhng trc khi h n, on bun ca Aboo

Sufyaan c th thot thn. Trn ng tr v, ng gp nhng

ngi ca ng ang i n bo v on bun. Aboo Sufyaan bo

h tr li Makkah nhng nhng ngi cm u ca Quraysh t chi v

tip tc chin u vi nhng ngi Muslim. H c hnh qun hng v

Thnh ph Madeenah vi mt i qun gm 1000 ngi.

Thin S hi vi nhng ngi Muhaajireen v ngi Ansaar (nhng ngi gip , nhng ngi dn Madeenah gip Thin S

v nhng ngi bn ng hnh c trao cho danh hiu ny) v bo

h ng ln chng li s vi phm ca Quraysh.


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C ngi Ansaar v ngi Muhaajireen ng cho iu ny, v s

lng ca h bao gm 314 ngi. Thin S ku gi Allaah ban cho s gip v trn chin 'Badr' bt u vo th Su ngy 17 thng

Ramadaan, mt nm sau s di c ca Thin S n Madeenah. Allaah gi cc Thin Thn n chin u vi nhng ngi Quraysh v ban

cho nhng ngi Muslim mt thng li to ln. 70 ngi ca mushrik b

git, 70 ngi b bt gi v 14 ngi t v o. Nhng ngi dn

Quraysh mun bo th v chng chun b mt on qun gm 3000

ngi c dn u bi Aboo Sufyaan. Khi Thin S bit c iu ny, Ngi hi n nhng ngi bn o ca Ngi na v Ngi

quyt nh ng u vi ngi mushrikeen ca Makkah.

Thin S dn theo 1000 ngi bn o n ni Uhud v t chc v tr ca h. Ngi bo mt nhm Muslim c bit khng c ri v

tr d bt c gi no v ni m h c b tr c th d dng bo v nhng

ngi Muslim trnh khi k ch. Khi trn chin bt u, thng li gn nh

c nm chc cho ngi Muslim v khi nhm Muslim c bit ny nhn

thy iu h mun gom gp chin li phm v v th ri b v tr

ca mnh. Nhng k mushrikeen chp ly c hi v git rt nhiu ngi

Muslim trong s h l Hamza bin 'Abdul-Muttalib, ch ca Thin S .

Thm ch, Thin S b thng mt v mt vi ci rng ca Ngi b gy. Trn chin ny c din ra vo th By ngy 15 thng

Shawwal, ba nm sau s di c ca Thin S .

C nhiu ngi Do Thi sng Madeenah v h khng gi li ha

ca h vi Thin S rng khng c tn cng hay hm hi ngi Muslim. H i n nhng ngi mushrikeen ca Makkah v bo h c

tip tc vi trn chin v ha vi h v ti sn, v kh v s h tr chng

li ngi Muslim. Bi th, nhng k mushrikeen ca Makkah bt u

ku gi nhng b tc khc chng li ngi Muslim v h xoay x tp

trung mt i qun gm 1000 chin binh c dn dt bi


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Aboo Sufyaan. H i n chin u vi nhng ngi Muslim vo ngy 15

thng Shawwal nm th 5 theo nin lch Islaam. Thin S hi nhng bn o mt ln na v tt c h ng li v bo v

Madeenah.

Madeenah b tr chi v mt a hnh, d b tn cng t cc pha v v

th c mt mi nguy him rt ln. Mt trong nhng bn ng hnh ngi

Persian ca Thin S ngh xy mt ho ln vng quanh Madeenah ngn chn ngi mushrikeen ca Makkah tin vo thnh ph. Mt on

qun gm 3000 ngi Muslim sn sng chin u vi mushrikeen. Khi

on qun ca Makkah n Madeenah chng khng th no vt qua

ci ho v b ri tr v khng bit c th lm th no chin thng trn

chin ny. Trong sut mt thng lc lng, ca k ch vy quanh

Madeenah nhng thi tit tr nn xu hn qua tng ngy. Vo mt m

ng lnh gi, mt cn gi mnh thi bay nhng tp lu ca h v

gy ra nhiu s tn ph n i qun ca chng. Chng b tn cng bi

ci v t ct v b buc phi rt lui. V th, m mu ca ngi Do Thi

b tht bi. Allaah nhc nh chng ta v iu ny trong Quraan:

9. O you who believe! Remember Allaah's Favour to you, when there came

against you hosts, and We sent against them a wind and forces that you saw not [i.e. troops of angels during the battle of al-Ahzaab (the Confederates)]. And Allaah is Ever AllSeer of what you do.

9. Hi nhng ai c c tin! Hy nh n hu ca Allaah ban cho cc ngi khi on qun ch ko n tn cng cc ngi, v TA gi mt trn cung phong v on thin binh (Thin thn) m cc ngi khng th nhn thy (bng mt thng) n gip chng li chng; v Allaah Hng thy nhng iu cc ngi lm.

[Soorah al-Ahzaab 33:9]


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Trn chin ny c bit n trn chin ca al-Ahzaab (lin qun).

Mt nm sau, Thin S mun thc hin 'Umrah (mt chuyn gh thm Ka'abah, Ngi Nh Linh Thing Makkah). Khi Ngi v nhng

ngi bn o ca Ngi tin vo mt ni gi l al-Hudaybiyah, h b

nhng ngi mushrikeen ngn cn khng cho tin vo Makkah thc

hin 'Umrah. Thin S bt u thng lng vi nhng ngi Quraysh v cui cng h ng tho thun n hip c ho bnh c

gi l 'Hip c ca al-Hudaybiyah ', vi nhng iu kin l:

1) Kt thc chin tranh gia ngi mushrikeen ca Makkah v

Muslim cho n mi nm.

2) 'Umrah phi b tr hon cho n nm sau.

3) Cc b tc 'Arab phi c trao s la chn gia gia nhp ca

nhng ngi Muslim hay l nhng ngi Quraysh.

Thin S t c nhiu li ch t vic hip c ny v Ngi bt u thuyt ging Islaam n ngi dn sng bn ngoi Madeenah.

Nhiu ngi gia nhp vo Islaam trong sut thi k ny nhng ngi

Quraysh ph v hip c ca h bng vic tn cng n cc b tc m

trung thnh vi nhng ngi Muslim. Thin S quyt nh m ca Makkah v Ngi chun b mt i qun gm 10,000 ngi. Vo

ngy 20 thng Ramadaan nm th 8 theo nin lch Islaam, nhng ngi

Muslim tin ti Makkah. Khi ngi Quraysh nhn thy ngi Muslim, h

mt i nhu kh v Thin S m c Makkah m khng cn phi dng n mt trn chin no c. Ri Ngi thc hnh Tawaaf (i vng

quanh) Ka'abah v ph hu nhng bc tng thn bn trong . Thin

S xng cc cu kinh t Thin Kinh Quraan trong khi Ngi ang p v nhng bc tng:


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81. And say: "Truth (i.e. Islaamic Monotheism or this Quraan or Jihaad against polytheists) has come and Baatil (falsehood, i.e. Satan or polytheism, etc.) has vanished. Surely! Baatil is ever bound to vanish."

81. V hy tuyn b: al-Haqq (S tht, chng hn nh, tnh Tawheed ca Tn gio Islaam, Quraan hoc Jihaad chng li nhng k tn th a thn, vv) n, al-Baatil (s gi di) phi tan bin. Qu tht! mi s gi di u tan bin. [Soorah al-Israa 17:81]

Thin S tha th cho ngi dn Makkah. H c thuyt phc rng Islaam l mt chn l v h tr thnh ngi Muslim. Thin S

thc hin da'wah (ku gi n vi Islaam) bn ngoi Madeenah v thng li cu Makkah thc y nhu kh ca ngi Muslim hn na.

V nhiu ngi khc gia nhp Islaam. Allaah phn v vic ny trong

Quraan:

1. When comes the Help of Allaah (to you, O Muhammad against your

enemies) and the conquest (of Makkah), 2. And you see that the people enter Allaah's religion (Islaam) in crowds

1. Khi s gip ca Allaah n (vi Ngi, hi Muhammad chng li k ch) v s thng li (khi chinh phc Makkah).

2. V Ngi thy nhn loi gia nhp Tn gio Islaam ca Allaah tng on; [Soorah an-Nasr 110:1-2]


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Vo nm th 10 nin lch Islaam, Thin S ku gi nhng ngi bn o n v thc hnh hajj (Hnh hng n Makkah) vi Ngi dy

h cch thc hin hajj. Khong 100,000 ngi n thc hin hajj. Thin

S ng ngn ni ca s Khoan dung vo ngy 'Arafah (ngy 9 ca thng 12 theo nin lch Islaam) v c bi thuyt ging tuyt vi m

trong Ngi tm tt cho h v nhng quyn v ngha v ca h.

Ngi xng ln cu kinh ny:

3. Forbidden to you (for food) are: Al-Maytatah (the dead animals - cattle-beast

not slaughtered), blood, the flesh of swine, and the meat of that which has been slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allaah, or has been slaughtered for idols, etc., or on which Allaah's Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering, and that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by the goring of horns - and that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild animal - unless you are able to slaughter it (before its death) and that which is sacrificed (slaughtered) on an-Nusub (stone altars). (Forbidden) also is to use arrows seeking luck or decision, (all) that is Fisqun (disobedience of Allaah and sin). This day, those who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion, so fear them not, but fear Me. This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islm as your religion. But as for him who is forced by severe hunger, with no inclination to sin (such can eat these above-mentioned meats), then surely, Allaah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.


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3. (Allaah) cm cc ngi dng (nhng thc n) nh: al-Maytatah (tht ca nhng xc cht nhng th vt khng c git m); ad-Dam (mu (huyt)) v tht ca con heo; v nhng mn vt cng t cho ai khc ngoi Allaah, hay tht ca nhng con vt m tn ca Allaah khng c c ln khi git m vv, v (tht ca) nhng con vt b vn (hay tht c) cht; v nhng con vt b p cht; hay nhng con vt b ri t trn cao xung cht; hay nhng con vt b ht cht (bng sng); v nhng con vt b cc con th d n mt phn tr khi cc ngi lm cho sch (bng cch ct c chng theo ng theo nghi thc trc khi chng b cht i); v nhng mn vt cng t (git m) trn an-Nusub (trn bn thi hay trn ); v cm cc ngi chia phn (hay tm s may mn, chn quyt nh) bng cch xin xm (hay mi tn). Tt c nhng th u Fisqun (-u, s bt tun vi Allaah v ti li). Ngy nay, nhng k khng c c tin tuyt vng v (vic ph hoi) Tn gio ca cc ngi. Bi th, ch s chng m hy s TA (Allaah). Ngy nay, TA hon chnh Tn gio ca cc ngi cho cc ngi v hon tt n hu ca TA cho cc ngi v chn Islaam l Tn gio ca cc ngi. Nhng vi ai v qu i (m bt buc phi n nhng mn cm ) ch khng phi l c tnh phm gii th qu tht, Allaah Hng Tha Th v Rt mc Khoan Dung (cho h).

[Soorah al-Maaidah 5:3]

Thin S hon tt chuyn hnh hng chia tay, n c gi nh

vy bi v y l chuyn hnh hng cui cng ca Thin S .

Hai thng sau Ngi tr v Madeenah t chuyn hnh hng, Thin

S ng bnh v linh hn ca Ngi tr v quy phc vi Allaah ng Ti Cao vo ngy 12 ca thng Rabbee' al-Awwal, nm th 11 theo

nin lch Islaam. Thin S c 63 tui v c chn ti ni ca 'Aaishah, v ca Ngi . Nhng ngi Muslim rt au bun ca ci cht

ca Ngi nhng Aboo Bakr , ng ln v ni: "Nhng ai tn th Muhammad, th Muhammad cht ri cn nhng ai tn th Allaah, qu

thc Allaah ng Hng Sng v KHNG BAO GI cht". Sau , ng y

xng nhng cu kinh ny t Quraan:


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144. Muhammad is no more than a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers

have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you then turn back on your heels (as disbelievers)? And he who turns back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allaah, and Allaah will give reward to those who are grateful.

144. V Muhammad ch l mt S gi (ca Allaah) v tht s, nhiu S gi qua i trc Ngi. Nu Ngi cht hay b git, th cc ngi s quay gt b chy (nh nhng k khng tin tng) hay sao? V ai quay gt b chy, th y s khng bao gi lm cho Allaah thit thi c. Ngc li, Allaah s trng thng nhng ngi bit n.

[Soorah Aali 'Imraan 3:144]

Thin S c chiu cao trung bnh, Ngi khng qu cao v cng khng qu thp. Ngi c mt vc ngi p. Ngi rt ng tin cy,

khn ngoan, kin nhn v hin lnh. Ngi khng chi ra cng khng

tn thng bt k ai. Ngi rt t t vi mi ngi d cho h c tn

thng Ngi i na. Thin S l mt nh lnh o v i v lm mt chin binh lim chnh (chnh trc). Ngi c nhn cch rt tuyt khng h

c s ngo mn hay s t ph sai tri. Ngi v tha, ng knh. Allaah

m t Ngi qua li phn: "Qa thc, Ngi l ...

4. And verily, you (O Muhammad ) are on an exalted standard of character.

4. V qu tht, Ngi (hi Muhammad ) c ph cho nhng c tnh cao nh. [Soorah al-Qalam 68:4]

Ngi rt t t vi hng xm v tr em, Ngi ku gi mi ngi

tn th ch duy nht mi Allaah ging nh nhng Thin S n trc

Ngi v Ngi loi tr shirk. Ngi chnh n ngi dn v loi tr

iu xu xa trong x hi. Sau khi ci cht ca Thin S , nhng ngi bn o tip nhn nhim v truyn b tn gio Islaam.


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Islaam l cho tt c mi ngi k c ngi Trung Quc, ngi M, ngi

n , ngi Arab, khng phi ngi Arab v cho tt c nhn loi.

Thin S l v Thin S cui cng v l S gi c Allaah gi xung

cho nhn loi. V khng c bt k mt Thin s no sau Ngi. Quraan

mc khi n cho Thin s cha ng y nhng Thng ip ca

Tawheed (v d nh: ch tn th duy nht Allaah khng c t hp

bt c ai vi Ngi). Chng ta khng tn th nhng Thin S, nhng ngi

tt, nhng ngi cht, hay nhng sinh vt sng t nhin, nhng chng

ta tn th duy nht mt Thng tht s, Allaah.

Ngi Muslim yu qu Thin S Muhammad v phn u theo ng li ca Ngi trong Islaam, lm theo Ngi s dn ln Thin ng

v quay lng li vi ng li ca Ngi s xung Ho Ngc.

Thin S Muhammad ku gi Islaam n vi Tawheed ca Allaah: ch dnh s tn th duy nht cho Allaah, ng Thng Thc S. Cn

bn ca Islaam l 'Laa ilaaha illallaah, Muhammad Rasoolullaah', ngha l

xc nhn 'khng c ai xng ng c tn th ngoi tr duy nht mi

Allaah v Muhammad l S gi ca Allaah'. y l iu a mt ngi tr

thnh ngi Muslim v khng tn gio no c chp nhn bi Allaah

ngoi tr Tn gio Islaam. Tt c cc Thin s, S gi nh Aadam, Noah,

Ibraaheem, Moosa (Mose), v 'Eesa (Jesus) u ku gi nhng ngi

dn ca h phi quy phc Allaah trong Tawheed. y l Thng ip mang

tm vc v tr.

Laa ilaaha illallaah, Muhammad Rasoolullaah

khng c ai xng ng c tn th ngoi tr duy nht mi Allaah v Muhammad l (Rasool) S gi ca Allaah.

Thin S Muhammad l v Thin S cui cng v l S gi c Allaah gi xung cho nhn loi. V khng c bt k mt Thin s no sau Ngi. Quraan mc khi n cho Thin s cha ng y nhng Thng ip ca Tawheed. Ngi rt ng tin cy, khn ngoan, kin nhn v hin lnh. Ngi khng chi ra cng khng tn thng bt k ai. Ngi rt t t vi mi ngi d cho h c tn thng Ngi i na. Thin S l mt nh lnh o v i v lm mt chin binh lim chnh (chnh trc). Ngi c nhn cch rt tuyt khng h c s ngo mn hay s t ph sai tri. Ngi ku gi mi ngi tn th ch duy nht mi Allaah ging nh nhng Thin S n trc Ngi v Ngi loi tr shirk. Ngi chnh n ngi dn v loi tr iu xu xa trong x hi

Tc phm: Prophet Muhammad - Knowing the Mercy to Mankind Tc gi: Dr. Saalih as-Saalih Muharram 17, 1427 AH February 16, 2006 CE Dch sang ting Vit ti: www.hocislam.com Ti liu ny c dch sang ting Vit vi mc ch hc tp v chia s cho cc bn b Muslim thn thit. Vui lng khng s dng ti liu ny qung co, ng li trn trang khc hay in n nhm thu li nhun. Trn trng!

Sheerah Cover.pdf (p.1)TIU S THIN S MUHAMMAD.pdf (p.2-26)Seeratun Nabee.pdf (p.2-25)Seeratun Nabee back cover.pdf (p.26)

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