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May 29 - June 4, 2015 Issue 00224

by Kathy WolfeSummer is just around the corner, and Tidbits is taking the opportunity to bring you up to date on a few of June’s facts and historical events.

• June is most likely named after the mythological Roman goddess Juno, the wife of Jupiter. Juno was the goddess of marriage, which explains why it is considered good luck to get married in June.

• The solstice occurs between June 20 and 22. In the northern hemisphere, it’s the summer solstice, while to those living in the southern hemisphere, it’s the winter solstice. At this time, the Earth is at a point in its orbit that the North Pole is leaning most toward the sun, as far north as the sun ever gets during the year. Everywhere north of the equator experiences days longer than 12 hours at the June solstice, while locations south of the equator have days shorter than 12 hours.

• The first Corvette rolled off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan, on June 30, 1953. It was Polo White with a red interior, automatic transmission, wraparound windshield, and the ability to go from zero to 60 miles per hour in 12 seconds. It was the innovation of GM designer Harley Earl, who desired to have an American sports car that could compete with the Jaguar, Ferrari, and MG. There were just 300 Corvettes made that year, with a sticker price of $3,490.

(turn the page for more!)

TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361JUNE JUMBLE (continued):

• Indianapolis, Indiana, was home to the final concert performed by Elvis Presley, an event held at Market Square Arena on June 26, 1977. His last song sung to a live audience was “Can’t Help Falling in Love with You.” Less than two months later, Elvis died in his Memphis, Tennessee, home.

• On June 2, 2004, software engineer Ken Jennings made his first appearance on the popular game show Jeopardy, beginning a record-setting winning streak. By the time he was defeated, he had won 74 consecutive games, racking up winnings of $2,520,700. The program’s ratings were 22% higher during Jennings’ string of wins over the previous year. Jennings didn’t stop with Jeopardy, but went on to appear on Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?, Grand Slam, Stump the Master, and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. In addition, he appeared on Jeopardy’s Tournament of Champions, which brought his total Jeopardy winnings to $3,196,300. Jennings has writing four books, including Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs.

• Every June, Belmont, New York, is home to the Belmont Stakes, a 1.5 mile (2.4-km) horse race that is the third leg of the American Triple Crown. It’s held five weeks after the Kentucky Derby and three weeks after the Preakness Stakes, on a Saturday between June 5 and 11. On June 11, 1919, the chestnut thoroughbred Sir Barton became the first horse to win the Triple Crown, even though that name had not yet been conceived. There have been 11 horses that have won the coveted crown since 1919, including 1973’s winner, Secretariat, the horse that holds the record for fastest time. There hasn’t been a Triple Crown winner since 1978, when jockey Steve Cauthen rode Affirmed to victory.

• Stephen Carlton Clark was a Cooperstown, New York, hotel owner who was looking for a way to increase tourism to a town badly hurt by the Great Depression. He came up the idea of a baseball museum to house baseball-related artifacts and exhibits, and to honor the game’s exceptional players. The Baseball Hall of Fame opened in June of 1939, and five of the game’s greats were elected to the Hall – Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson, and

Walter Johnson. Twenty more were selected after the initial five, and were inducted at the Grand Opening. In order to be considered for election, a player must have 10 years of major league experience, and have been retired five years. To date, 310 have been elected, with four more slated to be formally inducted in July, 2015.

• In June of 1994, the eyes of millions of Americans were glued to their television sets, watching a white Ford Bronco being chased across Los Angeles. Inside the vehicle was former football hero O.J. Simpson, who was under suspicion for killing his wife Nicole and her friend Ronald Goldman. Twenty police cars joined the chase, along with 20 helicopters, mostly from the news media. Simpson finally surrendered to police in his driveway and headed for trial the following year. Although the jury reached a verdict of not guilty in just four hours, in 1997, Simpson was found liable for punitive and compensatory damages of $40 million in a civil trial filed by the victims’ families. Simpson remained free until 2008, when he was found guilty of 12 charges related to his breaking into a Las Vegas hotel room to steal a number of his sports memorabilia at gunpoint. He was sentenced to 33 years in prison.

• The Flying Wallenda Family have been performing various daredevil stunts since 1922. Nik Wallenda, a seventh-generation member of the group made history on June 15, 2012 when he became the first to successfully walk on a tightrope over Niagara Falls from the United States into Canada, crossing at the river’s widest point. Although the family is well-known for performing feats without a safety net, Nik was required by ABC television to wear a safety hardness for this stunt, the first time in his life he was required to do so. Just one year

(Continued next page)

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using an automatic tabulating machine to count census returns. It was the brainstorm of a young engineer named Herman Hollerith whose inventions were the foundation of our modern information processing.

Tereshkova, who also made her historic trip in June. In 1963, she spent almost three days aboard Vostok 6 orbiting Earth 48 times.

NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:TWO JUNE INVENTORS

Two famous inventions can trace their history to the month of June. Let’s examine their inventors and how these items came into use.

• Christopher Sholes was a printer and newspaperman by trade, editor of the Wisconsin Enquirer in Green Bay during the 1840s. He was also involved in politics as a state senator and assemblyman, and served as a Milwaukee postmaster and a commissioner of public works.

• In 1866, Sholes and a fellow printer, Samuel Soule, patented a paging and numbering device that automatically numbered the pages of a book. When they showed this invention to another local amateur inventor, Carlos Glidden, Glidden wondered if the machine couldn’t be adapted to produce words and letters in addition to the numbers. Although another inventor had come up with a typewriter around that time, it was very difficult and complicated to use. Sholes, Soule, and Glidden were granted a patent for their “type-writer” in 1868, and this invention was the first typewriter to become commercially successful.

• The team continued to make improvements to their machine, with Sholes developing the common keyboard layout still in use today, the QWERTY keyboard. He ordered the letters in this manner so that typists would experience less typewriter jams. Sholes also developed the shift key for upper case letters, his final improvement before he sold the copyright to the Remington Arms Company for $12,000.

• In June of 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau started

later, in June of 2013, Nik was making history once again as he became the first aerialist to walk over the Little Colorado River Gorge in the Grand Canyon. Walking on a wire just 2 inches (5 cm) thick, Nik crossed the 1,400-foot (427-m) distance, 1,500 feet (457 m) above the river, this time without a harness or safety net. Having made his professional tightrope walking debut at age 13, this daredevil now holds nine Guinness World Records for his many aerobatic stunts.

• June 18, 1983 marked the first day that an American woman went into space. Flying on the space shuttle Challenger, 32-year-old astronaut Sally Ride spent six days on NASA’s seventh shuttle mission. Ride joined NASA in 1978 after achieving a bachelor’s degree in physics, another bachelor’s in English, a Master’s of Science, and a doctorate in Physics. She made history again in 1984 when she became the first American woman to travel to space a second time, another Challenger mission which lasted nine days. However, Ride wasn’t the first woman in space. That honor goes to Soviet Cosmonaut Valentina

(Continued next page)

TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361

JUNE INVENTORS (continued):• Ten years prior, as a recent college graduate,

Hollerith had worked as a statistician on the 1880 census, and realized the need for a better way to tabulate data than hand-counting. He worked on his idea for the next seven years, the same amount of time it took to manually count the 1880 census.

• Hollerith used the idea of punch cards that would count based on the location of the holes on each card. After several trials with paper tape, he switched to 3” x 7” (7.6 x 17.8 cm) cards, with each card holding all of one person’s data, and designed a tabulator and sorter to register the results.

• Hollerith’s design was so successful that he won a contract from the Census Bureau for the 1890 census. His invention reduced the time required for the count to two years and saved the taxpayers $5 million. It was adopted by Russia, Austria, Canada, France, and Norway for their censuses as well. The 1900 U.S. Census was also counted with Hollerith’s tabulator. His continued improvements added an automatic card-feed mechanism and the first key punch.

• In 1906, Hollerith created a model that included a wiring panel that enabled the machine to perform several different jobs with one machine. His 1890 tabulator was wired to work only on 1890 census cards.

• In 1911, at age 51, Hollerith sold his


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Tabulating Machine Company for $2,312,000. His company later evolved into the International Business Machines Corporation, better known as IBM.

MORE JUNE EVENTS

• Many of today’s music lovers have no idea what an “LP” is, choosing to download their music onto iPods and other electronic devices. In June of 1948, Columbia Records unveiled a 12-inch (30.5-cm) vinyl disc with 17 minutes of music on each side, revolving 33 1/3 times per minute. Up until that time, the “78” was the trend for phonograph records, revolving 78 times per minute and containing just one song per side. The first public demonstration of the Long-Playing record took place at New York City’s Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, a recording of Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto in E Minor, performed by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. It would seem that LP’s would have instantly replaced the old “78”s in popularity, but four years later, “78”s still accounted for half of all record sales.

• On June 6, 1946, a group of major arena owners met at New York City’s Commodore Hotel to

discuss the formation of a league of professional basketball teams. They decided on 11 cities that would have a pro franchise – Boston, Philadelphia, Providence, New York, Toronto, Washington, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, and Cleveland. They named the league the Basketball Association of America, but three years later the name was changed to the National Basketball Association. Today there are 30 teams in six divisions in the NBA.

• On June 6, 1944, in the midst of World War II, Allied forces crossed the English Channel, landing on the beaches of Normandy, France. On the orders of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, 6,000 vessels with 176,000 soldiers aboard departed England on a mission to liberate Western Europe from Nazi control. Overhead, 822 planes had dropped 18,000 parachutists early that morning. Code-named Operation Neptune, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history.

• Remember when boxer Mike Tyson bit off opponent Evander Holyfield’s ear? That match took place on June 28, 1997 in the third round of the pair’s heavyweight match. It was two years after Tyson had been released from a federal penitentiary after serving three years on a rape

charge. After Tyson regained his heavyweight title, the bout with Holyfield was scheduled. Holyfield easily won the first two rounds, which riled Tyson greatly. In the third round, Tyson spit out his mouthpiece, bit off a chunk of Holyfield’s right ear and spit it out onto the mat. Amazingly, Tyson was only given a two-point deduction, a physician declared Holyfield could continue, and the fight went on! With any sense of composure completely gone, Tyson then went after Holyfield’s other ear, biting an even bigger piece. The fight was called off, and Tyson was disqualified, fined $3 million (out of his $30 million purse) and suspended for 16 months from boxing.

• Primarily celebrated in Texas, June 19 is known as Juneteenth, also referred to as Freedom Day or Emancipation Day, commemorating the end of slavery in the U.S. Even though President Abraham Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation in January, 1863, the act had little impact in Texas because of the small number of Union troops stationed there to enforce Lincoln’s order. Once General Robert E. Lee surrendered in April, 1865, Union soldiers landed at Galveston that June, bearing tidings that the war was over and all slaves were free.

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