tid 1 - what is talent

8/14/2019 TID 1 - What is Talent

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Talent IdentificationLesson 1 - What is Talent?

Friday, 30 January 2009


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Aims

To identify what talent is

To understand the origins of the termgifted and talented

To understand the constructs of talent insport

To discus the limits of talent



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What is Talent?

Talent is a marked innate ability defined as artisticaccomplishment, natural endowment or an ability

of a superior quality (Williams & Reilly, 2000)

Talent in sport can be defined as an individualsspecial aptitude that is above average for specific

functions. Physical talents may be functional,expressive or athletic (Peltola, 1992)



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What is Talent?

According to Howe et al(1998) talent is the following:

(1) It originates in genetically transmitted structures and

hence is at least partly innate.

(2) Its full effects may not be evident at an early stage, but

there will be some advance indications, allowing trainedpeople to identify the presence of talent before.

(3) These early indications of talent provide a basis for

predicting who is likely to excel.(4) Only a minority are talented, for if all children were, there

would be no way to predict or explain differential success.

(5) Talents are relatively domain-specific.Friday, 30 January 2009


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Gifted and Talented

Early definitions of talent include any capacity forsuccessful activity in a set domain with which theimmediate self of the individual is endowed (Austin,

1925)

Fliegler (1961) refers to talented as just belowgifted

Gagne et al suggests that lay-people perceive that

gifted persons are more exceptional and rarer than

talented people

The term gifted and talented was first implemented

in the Marland paper (1972)Friday, 30 January 2009


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The constructs of talent

http://www.ais.org.au/talent/performance.asp

http://www.ais.org.au/talent/performance.asphttp://www.ais.org.au/talent/performance.asp


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Genetics

A branch of Science that studies patterns ofinheritance of specific traits in successive

generations

Questions concern the relative contribution ofnatural endowment (genotype) to physiologic

function and exercise performance (phenotype)Gayagay et al (1998), Maes et al. (1996).

What physical attributes do you think aredetermined by genetics?



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Genetics Estimated genetic contribution to individual

differences in important components of health

related physical fitness (Table 11.4 pp237)



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Genetics Vs Environment

Individual differences:

Heredity - the most important factor influencingperformance because:

1.Genetically linked physiological characteristics are

associated with specific performance abilities

2. Genetic makeup establishes the boundary for adaptation.Some athletes boundarys are more narrow than others

(less adaptability)

Klissouras, V. Adaptability of genetic variation. J Appl Physiology 31: 338-344,

1971.

Bouchard, C. et al. Genetics of aerobic and anaerobic performance. Med

Sci Sports Exerc 20:27-58, 1992



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Limits of talent

Johnson et al(2006)

Input from six individuals who simultaneously coach

both elite (e.g., World Record holders) and non- elite

(e.g., regional-level) swimmers, and have done so for

an extended period of time

What do you feel contributes to a swimmerachieving top performances (e.g., World Records) vs.

excellent performances (e.g., a Top-8 finish at

NCAAs)?Friday, 30 January 2009


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They concludedthat hard work

beats talent



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Any Questions?



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Nature Vs Nurture



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Bouchard. C, et al., eds. (1994) Physical activity, fitness and health.

Champaign Illinois, Human Kinetics.

Bouchard. C, et al. (1992) Genetics of anaerobic performance. Exerciseand Sports Science review. 20:27.

Gayagay. G, et al. (1998) Elite endurance athletes and the ACE I allele-the rose of genes in athletic performance. Human Genetics. 103-148.

Maes. H.H, et al. (1996) Inheritance of physical fitness in 10 year oldtwins and their parents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.

28:1479.

McArdle, Katch and Katch. Exercise physiology 5th Edition. Chapter 11Individual differences and measurement of energy capacities.

Perusse. L, et al. (1988) Inter-generation transmission of physical fitness

Further Reading



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Talent is Dependent on genetics, environment,encouragement and the effect of these on

physical and Psychological traits

Sports Scotland (2000)

tid 1 - what is talent

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