thrivikramji thinks loudly on disaster managementf

8/9/2019 Thrivikramji thinks loudly on Disaster Managementf

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DISASTERS: HOW WELL ARE WEMANAGING ?

DR. THRIVIKRAMJI.K.P.

[email protected] UNIVERSITY

TIRUNELVELI


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SOME 75 PERCENT OF THE WORLDSPOPULATION LIVE IN AREAS

AFFECTED AT LEAST ONCE BY

EARTHQUAKE, TROPICAL CYCLONE,

FLOOD OR DROUGHT BETWEEN1980 AND 2000.


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In 2005, 91,900 people perished in

360 natural disasters that affected

over 157 million people.

In 2004, more than 240,000 people

perished in natural disasters,

Over 225,000 of these deaths werea result of the Indian Ocean

tsunami hit 12 countries on 26

December 2004 (UN )


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TODAY, 85 PERCENT OF THE PEOPLE

EXPOSED TO EARTHQUAKES,

TROPICAL CYCLONES, FLOODS ANDDROUGHTS LIVE IN COUNTRIES

HAVING EITHER MEDIUM OR LOW

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. TODAYS

POVERTY IS YESTERDAYS

UNADDRESSED VULNERABILITY.

(IFRCRC)


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DISASTER::A DIRECT OUTCOME OF NATURAL

HAZARD;

:HITS VULNERABLE PEOPLE;

:LEVELS OF DAMAGE VARY ONLY

IN DEGREE OF EXPOSURE TO RISK& ON THE CLASS, GENDER,

ETHNIC OR OTHER IDENTITY, AGE

& OTHER FACTORS.


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DISASTER DERAILS DEVELOPMENT

DESPITE THE UNPRECEDENTED

INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY AID FLOW,

AFTER INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI, IT WILLTAKE DECADES FOR PEOPLE TO RECOVER

THEIR LIVELIHOODS.

.. IN CENTRAL AMERICA, MANY LIVES ARE

STILL DISRUPTED DUE TO THE IMPACT OFHURRICANE MITCH IN 1998. WE LOST IN

72 HOURS WHAT WE HAVE TAKEN MORE

THAN 50 YEARS TO BUILD, BIT BY BIT.

(NEWS HEADLINE)


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NATURAL DISASTERS POSE A

SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO

PROSPECTS FOR ACHIEVING THE

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT

GOALS (MDGS) IN ARTICULAR,

THE OVERARCHING TARGET OFHALVING EXTREME POVERTY BY

2015.


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EVERY DISASTER A HAZARD:

KNOWN OR UNKNOWN.

NATURAL OR MANMADE.

TECHNICAL, NUCLEAR, ECOLOGICAL.

..HUGE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE SEVERE

ADVERSE EFFECTS HIDE AT THE BASEOF EVERY EMERGENCY, DISASTER &

CATASTROPHE


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DISASTERS:FLOOD, LANDSLIDE, DROUGHT,

CYCLONE, EARTHQUAKE, TSUNAMI,VOLCANOES, BIOLOGICAL &

TECHNICAL.

VULNERABILITY COMPONENTS:

STRENGTHEN LIVELIHOODS, IMPROVENUTRITION & HEALTH SAFE HOUSE &

SITE, PROPER PROTECTION, GOOD

GOVERNANCE


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EVERY ONE FACES DISASTER RISK

EVERY COMMUNITY & EVERY NATION.

INDEED, DISASTER IMPACTS ARE

SLOWING DOWN DEVELOPMENT.

THE IMPACTS & ACTIONS IN ONE

REGION, INFLUENCES RISKS IN

ANOTHER & VICE VERSA.

URGENCY TO REDUCE RISK &VULNERABILITY FOR REDUCTION OF

POVERTY & SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT


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WHY CONCERN?LOSS OF LIVE & PROPERTY,

TRAUMA & STRESS;LOSS OF KITH AND/OR KIN,

OR HEALTH AND WELLNESS.

LOST OPPURTUNITIES,

PROPERTY & INFRASTRUCTURE;DISRUPTION OF SERVICES etc. &

INDIRECTLY DIP IN LOCAL OR

REGIONAL GDP.


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DISASTER:HITS GREATLY & HUGELY DEVELOPING

COUNTRIES. >95% OF ALL DEATHS

DUE TO DISASTERS ARE IN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

LOSSES FROM NATURAL DISASTERS

20X > (AS A PERCENT OF GDP) IN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VS.

INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES (WB, 2005).


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DISASTER:

POOR PEOPLE SUFFER MOST.NOT THAT ALL POOR SUFFER, NOR

ONLY THE POOR WHO SUFFER.

BUT IMPACTS CERTAINLY FACTORS

IN CREATING NEWLYIMPOVERISHED PEOPLE (CANNON,

1994).


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INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR

DISASTER REDUCTION (ISDR)

FOR A DISASTER TO ENTER THE DATABASE OFUN, AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING

CRITERIA MUST BE MET:

REPORT OF 10 OR MORE PEOPLE KILLED

REPORT OF 100 PEOPLE AFFECTED

DECLARATION OF A STATE OF EMERGENCY BYTHE RELEVANT GOVERNMENT

REQUEST BY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE.


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DISASTER..A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PHENOMENON

..AN EXTREME, BUT NOT NECESSARILYABNORMAL STATE OF EVERYDAY LIFE

..CONTINUITY OF COMMUNITY

STRUCTURES & PROCESSES

TEMPORARILY FAILS...SOCIAL DISRUPTION MAY TYPIFY A

DISASTER BUT NOT SOCIAL

DISINTEGRATION.


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HAZARD..AN EXTREME GEOPHYSICAL

EVENT CAPABLE OF CAUSING A

DISASTER.

EXTREME HERE SIGNIFIES A

SUBSTANTIAL DEPARTURE IN

EITHER THE POSITIVE OR THE

NEGATIVE DIRECTION FROM A

MEAN OR A TREND.


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Natural hazards.. extreme events

originating in the

lithosphere, hydrosphere

biosphere, or atmosphere.

(Alexander, 2000)


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DETERMINANTS OF HAZARDS

FUNDAMENTALLY LOCATION,

TIMING, MAGNITUDE &

FREQUENCY.

MANY HAZARDOUS

PHENOMENA ARE RECURRENTIN TIME & PREDICTABLE IN

TERMS OF LOCATION.


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HAZARD

REFLECTS A POTENTIAL THREATTO HUMANS AS WELL AS THE

IMPACT OF AN EVENT ON SOCIETY

& THE ENVIRONMENT.

IN PART SOCIAL CONSTRUCT OFPEOPLES PERCEPTIONS & THEIR

EXPERIENCES.


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HAZARDS

PEOPLE CONTRIBUTE TO,EXACERBATE & MODIFY.

HENCE CAN VARY BY CULTURE,

GENDER, RACE, SOCIOECONOMIC

STATUS, & POLITICAL STRUCTURE

AS WELL.


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HAZARDE.G., A HIGH VOLTAGE POWER

SUPPLY, A RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL,

OR A TOXIC CHEMICAL

.. POTENTIALLY HARMFUL.

..CONCENTRATED ACIDS CLEARLY

PRESENT A HAZARD TO THE USER.

..CAUSES SERIOUS BURNS IF

HANDLED INCORRECTLY.


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CATASTROPHEAN EVENT IN WHICH A SOCIETY

INCURS OR IS THREATENED TO INCUR,SUCH LOSSES TO PERSONS AND/OR

PROPERTY THAT THE ENTIRE SOCIETY

IS AFFECTED.

DAMAGES OVERCOME BYEXTRAORDINARY RESOURCES

SKILLS SOME COMING FROM OTHER

NATIONS.


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CATASTROPHE

Eg., 1985 EARTHQUAKES INMEXICO CITY & OTHER MEXICAN

CITIES. 1000s OF PEOPLE DIED,

BUT ESTIMATES VARY MARKEDLY.

TENS OF THOUSANDS INJURED.AT LEAST 100,000 BUILDING UNITS

DAMAGED.


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MEXICAN QUAKERECONSTRUCTION EXCEEDED US $5.0

BILLION (SOME ESTIMATES RUN AS

HIGH AS US $10 BILLION). OVER 60

NATIONS DONATED.

RECOVERY PROGRAMS

COORDINATED BY THE LEAGUE OFRED CROSS & RED CRESCENT

SOCIETIES


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RISKAN ACT OR PHENOMENON WITHA POTENTIAL TO PRODUCE HARM

OR OTHER UNDESIRABLE

CONSEQUENCES TO PERSON OR

THING. OFTEN RISK IS CONFUSED WITH

HAZARD.


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RESILIENCE CAPACITY OF A GROUP OR

ORGANIZATION TO WITHSTAND LOSSOR DAMAGE OR TO RECOVER FROM

THE IMPACT OF AN EMERGENCY OR

DISASTER.

HIGHER THE RESILIENCE, THE LESSLIKELY DAMAGE MAY BE,

& THE FASTER AND MORE EFFECTIVE

RECOVERY IS LIKELY TO BE.


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NATURAL DISASTERS

RIVER FLOODS, STORM SURGES,COASTAL EROSION, CYCLONES,

TSUNAMIS, EQs, LANDSLIDES,

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, SNOW

AVALANCHES, HEAT AND COLDWAVES, DROUGHT, FOREST FIRES

& HITS BY LARGE BOLOIDS


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MAN MADE DISASTERS:ACCIDENTS RAIL, ROAD,

AIRPLANE, SHIP, DAM BURSTS.

FINALLY GLOBAL WARMING AND

SEA LEVEL RISE


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DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN.LOGISTICS & MANAGEMENT.CENTRAL, STATE, DISTIRCT, &

LOCAL AGENCIES.

NGOs, ARMED FORCES, POLICEAND SKILLED VOLUNTEERS


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DISASTER RESPONSE PLANTRAUMA CARE, & STRESS

MANAGEMENT. MANAGING RELIEF &

STANDARDS OF RELIEF. FIRST AID &

EMERGENCY PROCEEDURES,

WARNING SYSTEMS.


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DISASTER RESPONSE PLANAPPLY IT, RS, GPS & GIS IN

NDMP & DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS PLAN.


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DISASTER MANAGEMENT

.. PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS &MITIGATION.

..DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLAN -

ROLE OF INFORMATION, EDUCATION,

COMMUNICATION, TRAINING &PLANNING. COMMUNITY CENTERED

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLAN.


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HAZARD, VULNERABILITY & RISK.

MINIMIZING RISK, RISK ANALYSIS,

PARTICIPATORY RISK ANALYSIS.


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RISK IS THE EXPECTATION VALUE

OF LOSSES (DEATHS, INJURIES,PROPERTY, ETC.) THAT WOULD BE

CAUSED BY A HAZARD.

DISASTER RISK = FUNCTION

(HAZARD, EXPOSURE,

VULNERABILITY)


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IF RISK IS ONE SIDE OF THE COIN,

OTHER IS VULNERABILITY. I.E.,

POTENTIAL FOR LOSSES OR OTHERADVERSE IMPACTS.

...THE INSECURITY OF THE WELL-

BEING OF INDIVIDUALS,HOUSEHOLDS OR COMMUNITIES IN

THE FACE OF A CHANGING

ENVIRONMENT.


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RISK = F (HAZARD,

VULNERABILITY, EXPOSURE,

RESILIENCE), WHILE THE

MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN THE VARIABLES ISUNKNOWN


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THE 8 MDGS?..ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY & HUNGER.

..ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION.

..PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY & EMPOWER

WOMEN.

..REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY.

..IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH.

..COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA & OTHER DISEASES...ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.

..DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR

DEVELOPMENT.


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PROCESS OF VCA..VCA USES VARIOUS PARTICIPATORY TOOLS IN ORDER

TO UNDERSTAND THE LEVEL OF PEOPLES EXPOSURE TO

(AND CAPACITY TO RESIST) NATURAL HAZARDS AT THE

GRASS-ROOTS LEVEL.

..VCA IS AN INTEGRAL PART (BUT NOT THE ONLY PART)

OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS & CAN CONTRIBUTE TO

THE CREATION OF COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMS AT THE RURAL & URBAN

GRASS-ROOTS LEVEL.

..IT ALLOWS THE PEOPLE TO IDENTIFY & UNDERSTAND

THE RISK THEY CONSIDER SHOULD HAVE PRIORITY, EVEN

IF THESE ARE NOT THE NATURAL HAZARDS


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VCA ..ENABLES IDENTIFICATION OF LOCAL

PRIOROTIES & LEADS TO DESIGN OFACTIONS CONTRIBUTING TO DISASTER

REDUCTION.

..DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF

PROGRAMS IN EACH OF THE PRIORITYAREAS THAT ARE MUTAUALLY

SUPPORTIVE & RESPONSIVE TO NEEDS

OF PEOPLE AT GRASS ROOT LEVEL.


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THE DRI (DEVELOPED BY UNDP) SHOWS

BILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN OVER 100

COUNTRIES ARE PERIODICALLY EXPOSED TO

AT LEAST ONE OF THE HAZARDS (VIZ., EQ,CYCLONE & FLOOD) STUDIED, WITH AN

AVERAGE OF 67,000 DEATHS ANNUALLY (184

DEATHS EACH DAY). RECORDED DEATHS

PROVIDE A TIP-OF-THE-ICEBERG

MEASUREMENT OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH

PAST DEVELOPMENT DECISIONS HAVE

PREFIGURED RISK.


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NATURAL DISASTER:

A SERIOUS DISRUPTION TRIGGERED

BY A NATURAL HAZARD CAUSING

HUMAN, MATERIAL, ECONOMIC OR

ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES, WHICH

EXCEED THE ABILITY OF THOSEAFFECTED TO COPE.


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RISK:

THE PROBABILITY OF HARMFUL

CONSEQUENCES, OR EXPECTED LOSS OF LIVES,PEOPLE INJURED, PROPERTY, LIVELIHOODS,

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY DISRUPTED (OR

ENVIRONMENT DAMAGED) RESULTING FROM

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NATURAL OR

HUMAN INDUCED HAZARDS AND VULNERABLE

CONDITIONS. RISK IS CONVENTIONALLY

EXPRESSED BY THE EQUATION:

RISK = HAZARD X VULNERABILITY


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RESILIENCE:

THE CAPACITY OF A SYSTEM, COMMUNITY OR

SOCIETY TO RESIST OR TO CHANGE IN ORDER

THAT IT MAY OBTAIN AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL

IN FUNCTIONING AND STRUCTURE. THIS IS

DETERMINED BY THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE

SOCIAL SYSTEM IS CAPABLE OF ORGANISING

ITSELF, AND THE ABILITY TO INCREASE ITSCAPACITY FOR LEARNING AND ADAPTATION,

INCLUDING THE CAPACITY TO RECOVER FROM

A DISASTER.


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HUMAN VULNERABILITY:

A HUMAN CONDITION OR

PROCESSRESULTING FROMPHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND

ENVIRONMENTAL

FACTORS, WHICH DETERMINE THE

LIKELIHOOD AND SCALE OF

DAMAGE FROM THE IMPACT OF A

GIVEN HAZARD.


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IFRCRC ROADMAP ON DISASTERS1: REDUCE NUMBER OF DEATHS, INJURIES &

IMPACT FROM DISASTERS.

2: REDUCE NUMBER OF DEATHS, ILLNESSES &

IMPACT FROM DISEASES & PUBLIC HEALTH

EMERGENCIES.

3: INCREASE LOCAL COMMUNITY, CIVIL SOCIETY

& RED CROSS RED CRESCENT CAPACITY TO

ADDRESS MOST URGENT SITUATIONS OF

VULNERABILITY.

4: PROMOTE RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY & HUMAN

DIGNITY,REDUCE INTOLERANCE, SOCIAL

EXCLUSION & DISCRIMINATION.


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EFFECTIVE PREVENTION STRATEGIES

WOULD SAVE NOT ONLY TENS OF BILLIONS

OF DOLLARS, BUT SAVE TENS OFTHOUSANDS OF LIVES; YET BUILDING A

CULTURE OF PREVENTION IS NOT EASY.

WHILE COSTS OF PREVENTION HAVE TO BE

PAID IN THE PRESENT, ITS BENEFITS LIE IN A

DISTANT FUTURE. MOREOVER, BENEFITS

ARE INTANGIBLE; THEY ARE THE DISASTERS

THAT DID NOT HAPPEN

SAID KOFI ANNAN, UN SEC GEN.


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NATURAL HAZARDS: NATURALPROCESSES OR PHENOMENA

OCCURRING IN THE BIOSPHERE

THAT MAY CONSTITUTE A

DAMAGING EVENT.


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REDUCING DISASTER RISK: A

CHALLENGE FOR DEVELOPMENT.

DISASTER RISK INDEX (DRI)

MEASURES THE RELATIVE

VULNERABILITY OF COUNTRIES TO

THREE KEY NATURAL HAZARDS EARTHQUAKE, TROPICAL CYCLONE

AND FLOOD (UNDP)


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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION: THE

SYSTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT AND

APPLICATION OF POLICIES, STRATEGIES

AND PRACTICES TO MINIMISE

VULNERABILITIES, HAZARDS AND THE

UNFOLDING OF DISASTER IMPACTS

THROUGHOUT A SOCIETY, IN THEBROAD CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT


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WIND SPEED & CATEGORIES

17 M/S TROPICAL STORMS 33 M/S HURRICANES, TYPHOONS,

TROPICAL CYCLONES, SEVERE

CYCLONIC STORMS (DEPENDING ON

LOCATION) 65 M/S SUPER-TYPHOONS


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MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF

DISASTERS1. LARGE, RAPID-ONSET-INCIDENTSRELATIVE TO THE SIZE & RESOURCES

OF AN AFFECTED JURISDICTION.

2. UNCERTAIN WITH RESPECT TOBOTH THEIR OCCURRENCES & THEIR

OUTCOMES.


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MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF

DISASTERS

3. RISKS & BENEFITS ARE

DIFFICULT TO ASSESS &

COMPARE.

4. DYNAMIC EVENTS.5. RELATIVELY RARE.

(REF. DONAHUE AND JOYCE, 2001)


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RESPONSE, RECOVERY &

MITIGATION PLANSMORE EFFECTIVE IF DEVELOPED

COLLECTIVELY BY ALL AGENCIES

INVOLVED, ENABLLING ADVANCE

COORDINATION OF

RESOURCES & RESPONSIBILITIES .


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PREPAREDNESS PHASE

TRAINING & EXERCISES MAY BE FIELD

TESTED TO HELP PREPARE

RESPONDERS FOR REAL EVENTS.

E.G., FROM TABLETOP EXERCISES

(TTXS), I.E., WHERE NEITHER PEOPLE

NOR EQUIPMENT IS MOVED, TO FIELD

EXERCISES (FXS).


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IT & GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGISTS

..EXPERTS RESIDE IN NUMEROUS GOI

AGENCIES, NATIONAL LABORATORIES & INSTATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.

..ALSO IN UNIVERSITIES & PRIVATE

SECTOR COMPANIES. RESEARCHERS &

GRADUATE STUDENTS OFTEN SUPPORT

CITY, REGIONAL & STATE PLANNINGDEPARTMENTS & FULLY INTEGRATABLE

INTO ACTIVITIES WARRANTED DURING A

DISASTER


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INDIA:NATIONAL

DISASTER

MANAGEMENT

PLAN

Prevention

Response

Mitigation

Preparedness

Institutional and

Policy Framework


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INDIA DISASTER PROFILE

UNIQUE GEO-CLIMATE MAKES HIGHLY

VULNERABLE TO NATURAL DISASTERS.FLOODS, DROUGHTS, CYCLONES,

EARTHQUAKES AND LANDSLIDES

~60% OF LANDMASS EARTHQUAKE

PRONE, OVER 40 MILLION Ha TOFLOODS, ~8% OF AREA CYCLONE

PRONE ~68% DROUGHT PRONE.


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DECADE 1990-2000

AVERAGE ANNUAL LOSS OF LIFE = ~

4344ANNUALLY, ~30 MILLION ARE AFFECTED

BY DISASTERS . ASTRONOMICAL LOSSES

IN TERMS OF PRIVATE, COMMUNITY

AND PUBLIC ASSETS.SUPER CYCLONE, ORISSA, OCT., 1999 &

BHUJ EARTHQUAKE, GUJARAT IN

JANUARY, 2001


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INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE INITIATIVES

ENUNCIATION OF POLICY

LEGAL AND TECHNO-LEGAL FRAMEWORK

DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA - A STATUSREPORT 5.

MAINSTREAMING MITIGATION INTO

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.

FUNDING MECHANISM.

SPECIFIC SCHEMES ADDRESSING MITIGATION,PREPAREDNESS MEASURES &

CAPACITY BUILDING.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT.

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION.


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DISASTER MANAGEMENT..HAZARD MITIGATION

..PREPAREDNESS AND CAPACITY BUILDING..RELIEF AND RESPONSE

..ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE

MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS- NDM DIVISION

OUR VISION 2020 IS TO BUILD A SAFER & SECUREINDIA, THROUGH SUSTAINED-COLLECTIVE-EFFORT,

SYNERGY OF NATIONAL CAPACITIES & PEOPLES

PARTICIPATION


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LOSS DUE TO LANDSLIDES & FLOODS, INDIA


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ORISSA CYCLONE LOSS, INDIA


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DROUGHT LOSS, INDIA


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S.

No.Consequences

NATURAL CALAMITIES

Earth-Quake Cyclone Flood Fire Drought/ Famine

1. Loss of life X X X X

2. Injury X X X X X

3. Epidemiological threat X X

4. Loss of crops X X X

5. Loss of housing X X X X

6. Damage to infrastructure X X X X

7. Disruption of communications X X X X

8. Disruption of transport X X X X

9. Panic X X X X

10. Looting X X X X

11. Breakdown of social order X X X

12. Short-term migrations X X

13. Permanent migration #

14. Loss of Industrial production X X X X #

15. Loss of Business X X X X #

16 Distruption of marketing systems X X X X #

ANNEXURE-I (INDIA NDMP)

SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL CALAMITIES


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INDIA NDMP

DAILY REPORT ON RAINFALL & FLOOD SOUTH-WEST

MONSOON (w.e.f .June 1, 20_ _ to Sept. 31,20 _ _)(To be sent to MHA, Control Room at 1400 hrs daily at Fax

No.011- 23093750 or email [email protected])

NAME OF STATE/UT:

DATE OF REPORT: Rainfall position (indicate place &

rainfall in cm); Cause of floods; Extent of damage; Crops

affected; House damaged; Damage to infrastructure;Rescue and Relief Operations undertaken

Signature of officer with Name

Telephone No/Fax No

Mobile No.


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INDIA NDMP GENERAL ACTION POINTSI. Planning & Preparation:

1.Identification of earthquake prone areas:

2. Identification of problems:

a.Loss of human life, b. Casualties buried under fallen debris.c.Destruction and Damage to Buildings, d. Disruption of

communication by land, sea and air.

e.Disruption of civic amenities e.g. electricity, water, transport,

medical, telephones, civil supplies etc.

f.Large scale fires. G. Floods in certain areas. H Landslide in hilly

areas.

i.Disposal of human bodies and animals. J Exposure to disease anddanger of epidemics. K Breakdown of law and order.

l.Breakdown of normal Government machinery in affected areas due

to Government servants themselves being affected by earthquake.

m.Loss of morale. N. Movement of population.

3. Identification & Mobilisation of Resources:

4. Command & Control


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INDIA NDMP- CYCLONE: Action Points1. ACTION AFTER THE FIRST WARNING

THE COLLECTOR ENSURES-

i.AVAILABILITY OF ALL COMMODITIES FOR

DISTRIBUTION TO VICTIMS.

ii. MEDICAL & VETERINARY DEPARTMENTS REMAIN

FULLY EQUIPPED WITH REQUIRED DRUGS & VACCINES

FOR INITIATING PREVENTIVE STEPS TO ARREST SPREAD

OF EPIDEMICS.

III. THE GOVERNMENT VEHICLES ARE ROAD-WORTHYAND READY FOR DEPLOYMENT IN EMERGENCY.

IV. INVENTORY OF GEN-SETS WITH CINEMA THEATRES

& OTHERS AVAILABLE WITH THE STATE

ELECTRICITY BOARD & NOTIFIED ABOUT POSSESSION

DURING EMERGENCY.


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INDIA NDMP-Cyclones Action points

COLLECTOR ENSURES OPENING OF CYCLONE STORES

FOR SUPPLY OF FOLLOWING LIKE

1.HOOKS OF THE TYPE AVAILABLE WITH THE FIRE

SERVICE DEPARTMENT FOR CLEANING DEBRIS. RUBBER

TYRES & TUBES FOR USE AS FLOATS IN WATER. TENTS,

KEROSENE LANTERNS & LARGE COOKING VESSELS FOR

USE IN RELIEF CAMPS. ISSUANCE ID CARDS TO THE

VICTIMS IN RELIEF CAMPS. COPIES OF MAPS, ETC.

ROPES, WIRES, CHAINS, LIGHTS WITH FITTINGS, LEAD

WIRES, TORCHES, ETC. SPARE RODS, MARKER STONES,

STEEL POLES,

BAMBOOS, G.C. SHEETS, AND SLOTTED STRIPS OF

METAL (TO BE LAID ON CHURNED UP ROAD SURFACE

FOR BETTER TRANSPORTATION).


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INDIA NDMP-Cyclones Action Points

DOUBLE HANDLE HOES (FOR CUTTING FALLEN TREES),

SHOVELS, CANDLES, LAND HAILERS, HOSE PIPES, FIRST

AID KITS, CYCLONE DUTY SIGN BOARDS, RODS,

ASBESTOS, SHEETS, TORCH LIGHTS, PETTY CANS,

EMPTY OIL DRUMS, GUNNY BAGS & SAND BAGS,

POLYTHENE BAGS, (FOR DROPPING SUPPLIES),

BUCKETS,

V.H.F. SETS WITH SPARE BATTERIES .

FODDERS, PUMPS FOR BAILING OUT WATER

ALONGWITH HOSE , SPADES, CROW BARS, HARD

GLOVES, EUCALYPTUS OIL, NAPATHALENE BALLS,

BAMBOO MATS, PHENYLE SLATE LINE ETC., USEFUL FOR

BURYING DEAD BODIES.


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INDIA NDMP ACTION PLANS-CyclonesACTIONS BASED ON SECOND WARNING

(i.e., FALL OF ACTUAL THREAT)

i.EVALUATION

ii.RELIEF TO STRANDED CITIZENS.

iii.STOPPAGE OF TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYSiv.STOCKING FOOD-GRAINS

v.ORDERING CLOSURE OF SCHOOLS, COLLEGES ETC.


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INDIA NDMP: FLOOD-Action Points1.PRE-FLOOD ARRANGEMENTS :

CONVENE DISTRICT LEVEL COMMITTEE ON NATURALCALAMITIES;

ORDER THE CONTROL ROOMS READY;

CLOSE PAST BREACHES IN RIVER & CANAL EMBANKMENTS

& GUARD WEEK POINTS;

RAIN-RECORDING & SUBMISSION OF RAINFALL REPORTS.

COMMUNICATE GAUGE-READINGS & PREPAREDMAPS & CHARTS;

ASSIGN CHARGE OF FLOOD CIRCLES;


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INDIA NDMP: FLOOD-Action PointsDISSEMINATE WEATHER BRIEFINGS & FLOOD

BULLETINS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL CENTRES,

CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION ,FLOOD FORECASTING ORGANISATION;

DEPLOY POWER BOATS & BOATS AT STRATEGIC

POINTS; INSTALL TEMPORARY POLICE WIRELESS

STATIONS & PHONE BOOTHS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS;

ARRANGE FOR TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH LINES IN

ORDER; STORE FOOD GRAINS IN INTERIOR,VULNERABLE, STRATEGIC & KEY AREAS;

ARRANGE DRY FOOD STUFF & OTHER NECESSITIES OF

LIFE; ARRANGE FOR KEEPING THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

DESILTED & PROPERLY MAINTAINED.


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FLOOD-Action PlanHEALTH MEASURES;

VETERINARY MEASURES;

SELECTION OF FLOOD SHELTERS;

ADVANCE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARMY ASSISTANCE;

TRAINING IN FLOOD RELIEF WORK;

ORGANISING RELIEF PARTIES;OTHER PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES &

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENTS.


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INDIA NDMP: Syn- &Post FloodPLAN & RUN RESCUE MISSIONS , SHELTER PEOPLE IN

DISTRESS, IF CIVIL AUTHORITY EFFORTS INADEQUATE,REQUEST ION ARMY. ENLIST RELIEF MEASURES BY NGOs

& VOs AS FAR AS POSSIBLE. RUN RELIEF CAMPS.

PROVIDE DRINKING WATER, SANITATION & PUBLIC

HEALTH CARE, SUPPLY READY TO EAT FOOD, AIR-DROP

FOOD PACKETS IF NEED BE. ORGANIZE & RUN RESCUE &

RELIEF MISSIONS TO MAROONED PEOPLE WITHIN AREASONABLE TIME LIMIT. ANNOUNCE TIMELINES OF

VARIOUS RESCUE-RELIEF TASKS


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INDIA NDMP: Syn- & Post Flood Action mapBUILD & RUN MULTIPLE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS TO

REACH EFFECTIVELY TO MAROONED AREAS. RUN

KITCHENS TO SUPPLY FOOD AT LEAST FOR 3 DAYS. IFNEEDED ORGANIZE CATTLE SHELTERS WITH CARE,

FODDER & FEED. GRANT EMERGENCY RELIEF TO ALL

AFFECTED PEOPLE. PUBLISH DAILY REPORTS & RELEASE

CORRECT INFORMATION IN MEDIA TO AVOID RUMORS.

REHABILITATE HOMELESS. COMMENCE AGRICULTURAL

ACTIVITIES- E.G., DESILTATION, RESOWING. REPAIR &REBUILD INFRASTRUCTURE, VIZ., ROADS,

EMBANKMENTS, POWER & COMMUNICATION LINES;

RESETTLE FLOOD PRONE AREAS. HEALTH MEASURES.

IMPLEMENT WAGED ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION.


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INDIA NDMP: DROUGHT-Action Points

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM.

CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR

AGRICULTURE.

CROP SAVING MEASURES.

ALTERNATIVE CROPPING STRATEGIES.

COMPENSATORY CROPPING PROGRAMME.

SUPPLY OF INPUTS.PROVIDE IRRIGATION.

SUPPLY OF POWER.


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INDIA NDMP: EMPLOYMENT

GENERATION

INITIATE ADEQUATE EMPLOYMENT

GENERATING RELIEF WORKS. FUNDS

UNDER EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE

SCHEME BE DOVETAILED, INTEGRATED

AND UTILIZED.

KEEP READY, A SHELF OF PROJECTS FOR

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION DURING

DROUGHT.


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INDIA NDMP: PUBLIC HEALTHDISINFECT WATER SOURCES TO PREVENT

WATER-BORNE DISEASES.

ADVANCE PLAN TO COPE WITH LIKELY

EPIDEMICS.

STEADY SURVEILLANCE OF PUBLIC HEALTH

MEASURES INCLUDING IMMUNISATION.

CARE FOR NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF ALLCHILDREN, EXPECTANT MOTHERS &

NURSING MOTHERS.


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INDIA NDMP: DROUGHT-FODDERASSESS FODDER NEEDS IN DROUGHT DISTRICTS.

EMPANEL FODDER SURPLUS REGIONS TO IMPORT

FROM. MONITOR FODDER-MARKET MOVEMENTS.

OBLIGATE FOREST DEPT. TO ARRANGE FOR

CUTTING & BAILING OF FOREST GRASSES TO FILL

DEMAND IN FODDER DEFICIT REGIONS. PROMOTE

FODDER CULTIVATION IN FEASIBLE AREAS.

ENSURE SUPPLY OF MOLASSE TO CATTLE FEEDMAKERS. OUTSOURCE FEED & UREA-MOLASSES-

BRICKS TO THE EXTENT NECESSARY FROM NDDB

& OTHERS.


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LANDSLIDE FROM GEOLOGICALPERSPECTIVE

Geologists view landslide as oneamong the numerous geologicalprocesses of degradation of land


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As landslides are usually not

separated from other naturalhazard triggers, such as extreme

precipitation, earthquakes or

floods, the socio-economic

impact of landslides is oftenunderestimated


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LANDSLIDE

HAZARD

ZONES

OF

GSI


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ON AN AVERAGE

LANDSLIDES ARE RESPONSIBLE FORABOUT 17% OF ALL FATALITIES

FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

WORLDWIDE .

FOR EXAMPLE, IN 1968 ALONE,

MORE THAN 33,000 PEOPLE WERE

KILLED BY LANDSLIDES.


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THE TERM LANDSLIDE IS OFTEN

USED SOMEWHAT LOOSELY TO MEAN

ANY FAIRLY RAPID MOVEMENT OFROCKS AND SEDIMENT DOWN SLOPE.

WHEN THE TERM IS USED IN THAT

SENSE, IT IS CONSIDERED AS ONE

AMONG THE WIDE VARIETY OF MASSMOVEMENT PROCESSES THAT WEAR

AWAY AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE.


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The four point hazard scale of the Landslide

Zones are;

Zone 1: Sever to Very High,

Zone 2 : High

Zone 3 : Moderate to low

Zone 4 : Unlikely, was considered

adequate.


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IN MAY OF 1970, PERU SUCCUMBED TOIN MAY OF 1970, PERU SUCCUMBED TO

A LANDSLIDE THAT TOOK THE LIVE OFA LANDSLIDE THAT TOOK THE LIVE OF

18,000 PEOPLE. NO OTHER LANDSLIDE18,000 PEOPLE. NO OTHER LANDSLIDECOMES CLOSE IN TERMS OF CASUALTIES.COMES CLOSE IN TERMS OF CASUALTIES.

HOWEVER, WHEN IT COMES TOHOWEVER, WHEN IT COMES TOMATERIAL DAMAGE, CALIFORNIAMATERIAL DAMAGE, CALIFORNIA

SUFFERED OVER US $140 MILLIONSUFFERED OVER US $140 MILLION

IN LOSSES IN JANUARY OF 1969.IN LOSSES IN JANUARY OF 1969.


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Factors Affecting Driving ForceFactors Affecting Driving Force

1. Earthquakes1. Earthquakes

2. Removal of lateral support2. Removal of lateral support

3. Addition of Mass or Pressure3. Addition of Mass or Pressure

4. Tectonics4. Tectonics


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Sleeping off a night during

a flood, china, 2006


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THE CAUSE:

MOVING GEOLOGICAL PLATES

THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN PLATE MOVES

BELOW THE EURASIAN PLATE AT AROUND

70 MM PER YEAR ON AN AVERAGE. PLATES

GET LOCKED AND MOVE VERY LITTLE FOR

MANY YEARS, EVEN CENTURIES, PRESSURE

BUILDS UP - AND IS THEN SUDDENLY ANDCATASTROPHICALLY RELEASED IN THE FORM

OF A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE.


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ON 26TH DEC. 2004, ON THE FAULT LINE

BETWEEN INDO-AUSTRALIAN

EURASIAN PLATES IN SUMATRA-

MAJOR PLATES OFTEN HAVE MINOR

MICRO PLATES AT THEIR EDGES.

THESE TEND TO MOVE, MORE OR LESS,

IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS MAJOR

PLATES. THEY BELONG TO SPECIALLY

ACTIVE GEOLOGICAL FAULT LINES BUT

ARE OFTEN THE LOCATION OF EQs.


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Coastal parts most

affected have been

marked in red.Red dots:

bridges destroyedBlack

numbers: houses

destroyed in that coastal

areaRed numbers: dead

and missing in that coastal

areaX Site of train derailed

by tsunami with 1,000

dead


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IN SUMMARY THE HUMANITY

ESPECIALLY IN THE DEVELOPING

WORLD IS OPEN TO THREATS OF

FLOODS, LANDSLIDES, FIRES,

TOXIC EFFLUENTS AND SO ON.

A CONSTANT VIGIL AND A WELL

OILED MECHANISM OF

MITIGATION ARE ESSENTIAL TO

MINIMISE THE SUFFERING.


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THANK YOU VERY MUCH


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thrivikramji thinks loudly on disaster managementf

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