thresholdthreshold tm - esd a · pdf filethresholdthreshold tm news bits in this issue ......

News and viewsfor members of theESD Association

THRESHOLDTM

THRESHOLDNews bitsNews bitsNews bitsNews bitsNews bits

In this issueIn this issueIn this issueIn this issueIn this issue

Log in to theMembers Only

sectionwwwesdaorg

New ESDA email address

The ESDA has a new email address Forgeneral email communications use thefollowing address infoesdaorg TheAssociationrsquos AOL address is being phasedout

ESDA makes board appointments

The ESD Association has appointed KayAdams Tech-Wear as treasurer and JoeBernier Intersil as secretary

Swenson named exhibitorliaison

David E Swenson 3MElectronic Han-dling and Protection Division has beenappointed by the Association board of di-rectors as exhibitor liaison He will rep-resent the interests of the Symposium ex-hibitor community to the Associationboard He can be reached at 512-984-3153 email deswenson2mmmcom

Although the venue of CharlotteNorth Carolina may be new this yearrsquosEOSESD Symposium attendees will stillbe greeted by the familiarmdasha high qualitytechnical program representing the besteducation and the latest research andtechnology that the international ESDcommunity has to offer

By combining technical sessions withtutorials workshops exhibits and otherevents attendees will be able to customizeand concentrate their Symposiumexperience along their specific areas ofinterest

Technical sessionsRunning October 6-10 this yearrsquos

Symposium features more than 50 papers

to be presented in parallel sessions Thetopic areas comprising the nine technicalsessions are Systems On-Chip CMOS RFESD Design and Technology MR DeviceIssues MR Factory Issues Simulation andModeling Factory and Materials Standardsand TLP and Device Effects

Tutorials and WorkshopsThe weekrsquos events officially open

Sunday October 6 with a full-day of ESDtutorials followed by additional tutorialson Monday and Thursday Thepreliminary tutorial schedule includestopics such as ESD Basics On-Chip

Symposium program taking shape

Symposium steering committee members tour the Charlotte Convention Center as theyfinalize plans for the 24th annual EOSESD Symposium October 6-10 in Charlotte NC

Continued on page 4

Symposium program 1From the Threshold chair 2ESD design seminar 3Calendar of events 3Symposium promotion opportunities 4Tutorials 5Standards update 6Local chapter top ten 7Ionization 8New on the web 9Charity golf 10Correction 10

Volume 18 No 2 MarchApril 2002

2

Threshold

ThresholdTM is published six times a year formembers of the ESD Association a not-for-profitcorporation It strives for the advancement oftheory and practice of electrical overstressavoidance and of allied arts and sciences and themaintenance of a high professional standingamong its members and others

copy Copyright 2002 ESD Association Rome NY

Newsletter StaffThreshold Chair

Leo G Henry PhDIon Systems

1005 Parker Street Berkeley CA 94710Tel 510-704-5467 Fax 510-548-0417

Email lghenryioncom

BOD SponsorMike Chaine

Micron Technology IncMS502 8000 S Federal Way Boise ID 83707

Tel 208-368-4883Email Mchainemicroncom

EditorMichael T Brandt

Marketing Resources Ltd12638 W Virginia Ave Lakewood CO 80228

TelFax 303-274-1222Email mtbmrlwebcom

Associate EditorsAwards amp HistoryHank Domingos

Potsdam NYTel 315-265-3416 Fax 315-268-7600

Email domingosclarksonedu

DevelopmentEd Weggeland

Richmond Technology Idyllwild CATel 909-659-7050 Fax 909-659-5549

Email weggelandrichmond-technologycom

EducationTom Diep

Texas Instruments Dallas TXTel 972-480-6689

Email tomdiepticom

ElectrostaticsNiels Jonassen

Copenhagen DENMARKTel 45-45-25-3127 Fax 45-4593-2766

Email mrstaticdanbbsdk

Protection DesignSteve Voldman

IBM Microelectronics Essex Junction VTTel 802-769-8368

Email a108501usibmcom

TechnologyCharvaka Duvvury

Texas Instruments Dallas TXFax 214-995-7988

Email Duvvuryspdcticom

Editorial Advisory BoardThreshold Chair

Leo G Henry Ion Systems

BOD SponsorMike Chaine Micron Technology Inc

PresidentStephen A Halperin SHampAProstat

Sr Vice PresidentEd Weggeland Richmond Technology

Vice PresidentMark Kelly Delphi Delco Electronics

Membership ChairKay Adams Tech-Wear

ESD Association Headquarters Staff

7900 Turin Road Building 3Rome NY 13440-2069

Tel (315) 339-6937 Fax (315) 339-6793Email infoesdaorg httpwwwesdaorg

ThresholdTM Publication ScheduleIssue DeadlinesMayJune -------------------------- April 1JulyAugust -------------------------- June 1SeptemberOctober ---------------- Aug 1NovemberDecember ------------- Oct 1JanuaryFebruary ------------------ Dec 1MarchApril ------------------------- Feb 1

From the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chair

Threshold

Leo G Henry

No more hardcopies of Thresh-old

That is correctand we thinkthat most of youwill be pleasedwith the changeThe newsletterwill be availablein PDF format onyour PClaptopbeginning withthe JulyAugust issue The issues will bedistributed in the beginning of the firstmonth of each bi-monthly issue In facta great idea just occurred to me as I ampenning this column how about a Thresh-old issue every month with fewer pagesLet me hear from you as to what youthink Send responses co the editorthanks

Over the last few years more and morecompanies societies associations and

Threshold is going web-based ndash No more hard copies

even magazines have been switching toweb-based only newsletters Surveys saythat the switch has been quite successful

Here is our current plan for the elec-tronic distribution of Threshold This is-sue (MarchApril) and the next one (MayJune) will continue to be sent to the fullmembership as a paper copy Beginningwith the July-August issue we are goingto a web-based only publication Whatdoes that mean First it means that allmembers will be sent an email notifica-tion that the July-August issue of Thresh-old is available as a PDF file on the ESDAweb site It can now be either downloadedor just read on line from the ESDA Mem-bers Only section of the ESDA web site

We do not want to send you a large at-tachment that could bog down your emailserver Instead we will send you an emailnotification that will contain a clickablelink that takes you directly to the ESDArsquosMembers Only logon page This way youcan either read Threshold on screen or

print it out The choice is yoursWhere will we get that email address

you ask Here is where we need your helpand full cooperation

A few months or more ago ALL mem-bers were sent their green and white ESDAmembership card with membership num-ber (see below) and instructions for log-ging on to the Members Only section ofthe ESDA website (wwwesdaorg) Youwere asked to use your membership num-

Continued on page 10

MarchApril 2002

3

March 2002

Midwest ESD Chapter MeetingMarch 13 2002 Personnel Ground-ingmdashBack to the Future Joe JesseKey Industries Bimborsquos RestaurantPalatine IL wwwmidwestesdorg

Texas Chapter MembershipMeeting March 18 2002 ElectricalField Measurements Don PritchardTrek Inc Sematech Austin TXwwwcentxesdassochomesteadcom

Silicon Valley EOSESD SocietyMembership Meeting March 192002 Complying with S2020 andTraining Demonstrations TedDangelmayer Ion Systems RamadaInn Sunnyvale CAwwwesdsivaorg

ESD Design Seminar March 26-27Holiday Inn-Great America SantaClara CA wwwesdaorg

April 2002

Midwest ESD Chapter MeetingApril 10 2002 ESD-Safe Plastics andPolymers Bob Benson ClarientTechnologies Bimborsquos RestaurantPalatine IL wwwmidwestesdorg

Silicon Valley EOSESD SocietyMembership Meeting April 162002 ESD-Related Issues in FlooringRamada Inn Sunnyvale CAwwwesdsivaorg

May 2002

Texas Chapter MembershipMeeting May 20 2002 ESDPackaging Jud Bradford JoeBlanchard Bradford CompanySematech Austin TXwwwcentxesdassochomesteadcom

SIVArsquos ESDiscovery May 21 2002Santa Clara CA wwwesdsivaorg

June 2002

Northeast Chapter Panel June 112002 (Tentative) Dispelling ESD

Scheduled for March 26-27 2002 theESD Associationrsquos first ESD Design Semi-nar is rapidly taking shape

Developed by the Associationrsquos Coun-cil on Education (ACE) the two-day tech-nical seminar for on-chip ESD protectiondesigners will be held at the Holiday Inn- Great America in Santa Clara CA

Created specifically to meet the needsof persons responsible for ESD protectionin circuit design the seminar is part ofthe Associationrsquos effort to expand techni-cal education beyond the annual EOSESDSymposium

The seminar program will include in-depth technical education in a number ofspecific areas including the following

ESD in the Industrial SemiconductorIC Context What is ESD Why is it

ESDA schedules ESD design seminar March 26-27

important What methods are used tocontrol it

ESD Models and ESD Testing Descrip-tion of the three models and model is-sues from the designer point of view

ESD Device Operation Fundamentals ofMOS device operation the role of thePMOS BiCMOS and the similarity ofthe techniques for CMOS Bipolar de-vices DENMOS and DMOS devices andprotection techniques

ESD Circuit Operation Operation ofand issues with nMOS circuits includ-ing implementation simulation andexperimental results

Technology Impact on ESD DesignChoices Review of ESD protection de-sign options as a function of technol-ogy and process fluctuations

Special Circuit Requirements and TheirImpact on ESD Mixed voltage pro-

tection RF and analog protectionBiCMOS and high voltage protection

CDM ESD Protection Concerns andconsiderations fast enough diodestransistors and SCRs the on-chip CDMevent

Design Examples and Case StudiesLayout methods ESD rules case studiesof protection design problems and classexercises

Instructors for the seminar areCharvaka Duvvury Texas Instrumentsand James W Miller Motorola

Detailed information on the seminarhas been mailed to all ESDA members andalso is postsed on the ESDA web sitewwwesdaorg For more information onthe ESD Design Seminar contact ESDAheadquarters

Association newsAssociation newsAssociation newsAssociation newsAssociation news

Common Myths Nepcon Eastwwwnechapteresdaorg

ESDA Standards and CommitteeMeetings June 14-18 2002 RivieraHotel Las Vegas NV wwwesdaorg

July 2002

Texas Chapter Family Night July23 2002 Round Rock ExpressBaseball Gamewwwcentxesdassochomesteadcom

October 2002

ESDA Standards and CommitteeMeetings October 3-5 2002(Tentative) Omni Hotel CharlotteNC wwwesdaorg

David F Barber Sr Memorial GolfTournament October 5 2002Charles T Myers Golf CourseCharlotte NC wwwesdaorg

EOSESD Symposium October 6-10 2002 Charlotte ConventionCenter Charlotte NC USAwwwesdaorg

Calendar of eventsCalendar of eventsCalendar of eventsCalendar of eventsCalendar of events

4

Threshold

EOSESD SymposiumEOSESD SymposiumEOSESD SymposiumEOSESD SymposiumEOSESD Symposium

Protection ESD in Highly Sensitive Devicesamong other ESD topics Several tutorialswill assist attendees in preparing for theESD certification exams tentativelyscheduled for Friday October 11

Interactive workshops on Wednesdayafternoon will cover topics ranging fromOn-Chip Protection to TLP CleanroomsMagnetic Recording and ESD ControlPrograms

Exhibits and other eventsAttendees also will have the

opportunity to visit the exhibits of morethan 100 companies that provide ESDcontrol products and services Theexhibits are open to anyone interestedin EOS and ESD

Other events include authorsrsquo cornersthat provide opportunities to discuss thetechnical papers with the authors

Symposium program taking shapeContinued from page 1

Saturday October 5

Registration OpensCharity Golf Tournament

Sunday October 6

Tutorials

Monday October 7

TutorialsWelcome Reception (In ExhibitHall)Exhibits

Tuesday October 8

Awards BreakfastTechnical SessionsExhibits

receptions keynote presentation and theESDA annual meeting and recognitionluncheon

The ESDC certification exams aretentatively scheduled for Friday October11 Special tutorials during the week willhelp applicants prepare for theexaminations

The detailed program will be mailedin early summer and also will beavailable on the Associationrsquos web sitewwwesdaorg

The Symposium is sponsored by theESD Association in cooperation with theIEEE It is technically co-sponsored bythe Electron Devices Society The generalchair is Steven H Voldman IBMMicroelectronics The vice general chairis Joseph Bernier Intersil CorporationThe technical program chair is JohnKinnear IBM Corporation

PreliminaryEOSESD Symposium Schedule

October 6-10 2002Charlotte Convention Center

Charlotte North Carolina USA(Subject to Change)

Wednesday October 9

Technical SessionsExhibitsESD Association LuncheonKeynote SpeakerWorkshops

Thursday October 10

Technical SessionsTutorials

Friday October 11

ESDC Technician ExamESDC Engineer Exam

Symposiumpromotionalopportunities

The 24th annual EOSESD Symposiumwill offer exhibitors and other companiesa number of marketing and promotion op-portunities several of them new for thisyearrsquos event

Exhibits DirectoryThe Symposium will again publish a

separate exhibits directory containing de-tailed information on the 3-day exhibitsprogram In addition to the free companyand product listings in the directory ex-hibiting companies also may purchasehalf and full page advertisements to ex-pand awareness of their company prod-ucts and services

Charity Golf TournamentThe second annual David F Barber Sr

Charity Golf Tournament on October 5offers several opportunities includinghole sponsorships team sponsorshipsand door prizes For more information onthe tournament itself see the article onpage 10 of this issue of Threshold

Symposium advertisingopportunities

New this year is the opportunity forcompanies to support the Symposium andcreate company awareness at variousevents such as the tutorial lunches coffeebreaks the welcome reception and theopening breakfast Event signage or on-screen slides will prominently identifyand promote companies participating inthese opportunities

Costs deadlines and other require-ments for each of these programs will beincluded in the exhibitors manual to bemailed to each exhibiting company inMay Additional information also may beobtained by contacting Association head-quarters

MarchApril 2002

5

Even in a slowing electronics economythe demand for ESD education remainsstrong a demand that continues to be metby the tutorial program in conjunctionwith the EOSESD Symposium

The 2001 tutorials were programmedalong four distinct tracks (Factory Pro-tection Design Systems and MR Heads ampTechnical) with 22 different sessions pro-viding detailed ESD education on a vari-ety of topics ldquoWith over 62 of the at-tendees indicating that they were first-time attendees clearly our tutorial pro-gram is appealing to new audiencesrdquo com-ments Burt Unger who chairs the tutorialprogram

ldquoAlthough we have many new attend-ees each year we also have a large per-centage of repeat attendees 32 last yearrdquoBurt continues ldquoThus we work hard toexpand or revised those tutorials pre-sented previously as well as adding newtutorial every yearrdquo The 2001 programfeatured five totally new tutorials Practi-cal Application of ANSIESD S2020 Appli-cation and Process Dependent Design Strat-egy ESD Control and Practices for Extremely

Sensitive Devices CDM Protection Designand Test and Common Issues Complyingwith S2020 and Training Demonstrations

The tutorial program not only providedattendees with specific educational op-portunities but also included ten sessionsdesignated as preparatory for taking theESD professional certification examina-tions

Typically tutorial attendees come fromthroughout the world About 40 of the2001 attendees were from outside theUnited States Attendees represented 26different countries and 32 US states

The tutorials and the instructors con-tinue to receive high rankings from theattendees who fill out questionnaires atthe end of each tutorial session For 2001the average rating for instructors was 45out of 50 The average course rating was42 out of 50 ldquoThese attendee ratings arevery important to us in evaluating bothinstructors and courses for future tuto-rialrdquo explains Burt ldquoThey not only helpus in determining what courses to offerand which instructors should teach thecourses but they help us and the instruc-

Tutorials meet the demand for ESD education

tors improve the courses and the presen-tationsrdquo

The satisfaction of the attendees is fur-ther reflected in the written commentssuch as the following

CompleteExcellent tutorialOutstanding presentationThe tutorial was all I expectedVery interesting and informativeThe instructor was very informative and

gave very good insights especially hisreal-life experience

Although the 2002 tutorial program isstill months away Burt is already prepar-ing the program ldquoWe review the inputfrom the questionnaires look at the edu-cational needs of the prospective audi-ence and review trends in the marketplace to create an 2002 tutoial programthat continues to fill the demand for ESDeducationrdquo

Attendees are all ears as Steve Halperincovers auditing measurements (left) AlWallash (above) tackles the subject of MRheads and other highly sensitive devices


6

Threshold

StandardsStandardsStandardsStandardsStandards

byMichael T Brandt Editor

The ESD Association standards commit-tee and standards working groups heldtheir February meetings in Charlotte NCMuch of the activity focused on updatesand revisions to existing documents andthe continuing development of varioustechnical reports A summary activity ofthe various working groups appears be-low

Working Group ActivitiesIonization WG-3 addressed various is-

sues in its draft technical report coveringalternate test methods to the charged platemonitor (CPM) for determining dischargetime and offset voltage in ionizers Thegroup also evaluated a new CPM test fix-ture that allows adjustment of both platesize and plate to ground spacing Prelimi-nary evaluation of the fixture indicatedthat the fixture showed excessive self de-cay The working group is researchingsolutions to this problem as well as prob-lems of dielectric absorption In additionthe group reviewed test data taken withthe existing text fixture using a 6rdquo x 6rdquoplate and different spacings to the groundplane

Worksurfaces WG-4 reviewed input toits draft technical report A Survey of StaticControl Worksurfaces and Grounding Mecha-nisms and made several changes includ-ing adding some drawings The draft isready for additional internal review

Human Body Model Device TestingWG-51 focused on a new method forcalculating waveform parameters Thenew method proposes using a mathemati-cal exponential equation of the HBM de-caying waveform The data can be ex-tracted from digitized data from the oscil-loscope and used with a spreadsheet pro-gram to automatically calculate the val-

February 2002 standards meetings and activities

ues Additional work is planned to morefully evaluate the proposed methodology

Machine Model Device Testing WG-52 began development of an industrysurvey to the assess degree of usage ofmachine model testing methods deter-mine the ability of users to replicate prod-uct factory and field failures and identifytester correlation issues The group alsobegan discussion of the preparation of atechnical article on machine model is-sues

CDM Device Testing WG-531 con-tinued evaluation of various ldquohot topicsrdquo(dielectric materials verification mod-ules ground plane calibration and CDMstress testing) for consideration in futureimprovements of the standard The groupalso discussed verification and calibrationprocedures as well as issues of improvedequipment to reduce problems of repeat-ability

Socket Discharge Model (SDM) De-vice Testing WG-532 concentrated ondevelopment of its standard practice docu-ment discussing initial data that showedvariances in the SDM stress voltages from10-15 depending on the wire trace

length of the TFM The group will gatheradditional data to better define the rela-tionship of current values to stress volt-age

Transient Latch-Up Device TestingWG-54 worked on its standard practicedocument evaluating data and proceduresfor determining the waveform shape andperiod The group believes that it mayhave identified a prototype TLU genera-tor that produces the proper waveform

Transmission Line Pulsing WG-55addressed numerous issues in the devel-opment of its standard practice documentincluding discussions of averaging andmeasurement definition of the waveformand the tightening of various specifica-tion parameters They anticipate a newdraft will be ready for internal review byJune

Flooring WG-7 established the round-robin test procedures for taking resistancemeasurements flooring materials at 10volts The procedures will include mea-surements taken under varying environ-mental conditions using different typesof resistance meters on flooring sampleswith different resistance levels

Friday June 14 2002800 AM Ionization WG-3

Device Testing WorkingGroups WG-5

100 PM Worksurfaces WG-4Handlers WG-10

Saturday June 15 2002800 AM Device Testing Working

Groups WG-5

Footwear WG-9Work Stations WG-53Cleanroom Consider-ations WG-55

100 PM Packaging WG-11Flooring WG-7

Sunday June 16 2002800 AM Handtools WG-13

Simulators WG-14Gloves WG-15

100 PM Standards Committee

Tentative ScheduleJune ESD Association Standards Meeting Series

Riviera Hotel Las Vegas NVJune 14-16 2002

Continued on page 7

MarchApril 2002

7

From Kay Adams local chapters chaircomes these top ten signs that you are amember or an officer of a local ESD chap-ter

10 You identify tribo-charging as a big-ger problem than an error in yourcredit card statement

9 You know why a balloon sticks to thewall and you want to tell everyoneyou see

8 When you stop to fill up your gastank you know yoursquore in the dangerzone

7 Your slate for next yearrsquos officers isblank

6 You find yourself sitting in the localchapter ESD Basics tutorial for the17th time

5 You know the Rome 800 headquar-ters number by heart

4 Two weeks ago you mailed 60 an-nouncements for tonightrsquos chaptermeeting and you have 3 reservations

3 You know how to correctly spell outESD (electrostatic discharge)

2 You donrsquot know what grade youryoungest child is in

1 You are very excited that tonightrsquosguest speaker is the local hair stylistdoing a demo on static control of hair

Top ten signs

During the February standards committee meeting Ron Gibson standards committee chairrecognized Merle Weight (right) for many years of dedicated voluntary service to the ESDAssociation standards committee as a working group member TAS representative andmember of the standards committee Merle recently retired from Unisys but hopes tocontinue his volunteer efforts with the Association

Standards committee honors Weight

Footwear WG-9 reviewed commentsto its initial draft document for measur-ing the electrical resistance of footgrounders

Handlers WG-10 reviewed commentson its draft technical report on automatedhandlers clarifying some of the languageand adding some references The groupalso discussed future work and will gatherinformation to determine the feasibilityof developing a technique for measuringdischarge current

Packaging WG-11 completed work onthe draft 541 document and barring anyunforeseen technical changes the draftshould be released for publication in thespring Two Point Resistance (Packag-ing) WG-1113 has acquired a third probeand will begin round-robin testing of theproposed procedure

Handtools WG-13 has begun initialwork on a document covering vacuum

pencils and tweezers Part of the initialwork will include evaluation of any ex-isting documents in the area to avoid du-plication of effort

Simulators WG-14 is concentrating onmeasurements of ESD fields from simula-tors and people to help define and docu-ment the procedures in its discharge cur-rent document under development

Gloves WG-15 reviewed initial testdata utilizing three different probes Theconstant contact electrode showed themost reproducible test data and will beevaluated further The group also is evalu-ating the effects of pressure and hydra-tion

Workstations WG-53 worked on sev-eral additions to the existing workstationadvisory including trouble shootingguidelines for electrical test failures dis-cussion of equipotential bonding conduc-

tive worksurfaces and periodic verifica-tion procedures

Cleanrooms WG-55 reviewed and ed-ited several potential addenda to the ex-isting technical report includingcleanroom ESD packaging such as tapeand reel matrix trays and gel packs

A revision and update of the standardsGlossary is under way


Continued from page 6

Standards update

On the local sceneOn the local sceneOn the local sceneOn the local sceneOn the local scene

8

Threshold

On the factorOn the factorOn the factorOn the factorOn the factory floory floory floory floory floor

byArnold Steinman MSEEChief Technology Officer

ION Systems

As many of ourhigh tech indus-tries proceed rap-idly along theirt e c h n o l o g yroadmaps onething has becomeclear the staticcharge problemswill only getworse Whetherthe problem isparticle attrac-tion ESD damage to devices or equip-ment malfunctions from ESD-related elec-tromagnetic interference it gets worse astime goes on The disk drive industry is agood example With the introduction ofthe magnetoresistive read (MR) head atechnology barrier was reached due tostatic charge The MR head is damaged atvery low levels of ESD and manufactur-ing yields are essentially zero without anextensive static control program It is justa matter of time before a similar technol-ogy barrier due to static charge is foundin semiconductors flat panel displays orother products

Solving the static problemThe basic elements of a static control

program are well known The ESD Asso-ciation has brought them together in thestatic control program designed for theUS military ESD S2020 It describes thevarious grounding and materials issuesneeded to prevent the generation of staticcharge and to slow the rate of discharge

But due to triboelectrification prima-rily on insulators it is not possible to com-pletely eliminate charge generation frommost workplaces While eliminating all

non-essential insulators is helpful thereare always insulators present in any workarea Most often they are part of the prod-uct (eg epoxy device packages and cir-cuit boards) but sometimes they are re-quired for high temperature or chemicalprocessing of the product Finally theremay be conductors that for some reasoncannot be grounded While S2020 rec-ommends isolating charged insulatorsfrom sensitive product this is impracti-cal in many work areas

ESD is a multi-step event Charge is gen-erated typically triboelectrically accumu-lating on some object At some later timea discharge occurs Ionizers prevent prob-lems that would occur in few seconds orlonger from the time of generation ofcharge to the discharge Some gas-pow-ered ionizers can reduce the neutraliza-tion time to under a second But ESD dam-age occurs in nanoseconds Ionizers can-not prevent ESD that occurs as soon asthe charge is generated Ionizers are not acure-all for all static problems but howelse are you going to deal with charge oninsulators

Ionizers in the static controlprogram

Ionizers are incorporated in the staticcontrol program to solve the problemscaused by charged insulators and isolatedconductors Ionizers prevent the accumu-lation of static charge on any object thatcannot be connected to ground Theshorter the time that static charge remainson an object the less likely it is to causean ESD event or attract contaminationIonization is recommended only whenthe other parts of the static control pro-gram have failed to produce the desiredresults in reducing an identified staticproblem

If grounding and wrist straps solve thestatic problem you stop there If the static-related losses are still too high maybe you

add dissipative worksurfaces and floor-ing Finally after you use every ground-ing method available you still have astatic problem due to charge on insula-tors that are essential to the manufactur-ing process or part of your product Thenyou use ionizers They are not a substitutefor grounding methods although theywill neutralize charge on conductors thatcannot be grounded

Ionization standards andmeasurements

The ESD Association issued a standardon air ionization ANSI EOSESD S31-1991 which was reaffirmed recently withminor editorial changes as ANSI ESDSTM31-2000 It is still the only ioniza-tion standard recognized worldwide andhas been referenced in many interna-tional static control standards As a stan-dard test method (STM) it contains onlyan instrument and test methodology forcomparing different systems mdash or thesame system over time It does not specifyrequired performance due the variety ofconditions under which air ionization isused However for a specific applicationin protecting 100 volt HBM sensitive de-vices the static control program S2020recommends pulsed DC room ionizationsystems with less than a +-150 volt swingand worksurface ionization balanced tobetter than +-50 volts Discharge timesshould always be specified by the end userto meet the needs of solving the staticcharge problem

The key instrument used in analyzingthe effectiveness of air ionizers is knownas the charged plate monitor (CPM) TheCPM has an isolated conductive plate thatcan be charged to a known voltage It thenmeasures the time required for the ion-izer to reduce the charge to 10 if its ini-tial value Ion balance or offset voltage ismeasured by momentarily grounding theisolated plate of the CPM in the ionized

Everything you ever wanted to know about air ionization(In case you hadnrsquot already made your mind up about it)

Arnold Steinman

Continued on page 9

MarchApril 2002

9


area and then measuring the voltage at-tained by the plate due to the balance ofthe ionizer Steady state DC ionizers willreach a single value of positive or nega-tive balance Pulsed DC ionizers will haveboth positive and negative maximum volt-age swings AC ionizers will generallyshow a single value of offset voltage ThisCPM measurement for AC ionizer balanceis not accurate because the CPM is tooslow to follow the rapid fluctuation of theAC ionizer output Use of AC ionizersshould be avoided in applications withextremely ESD-sensitive components

Ionizer efficiency is affected by manyenvironmental factors including airflowpatterns and nearby grounds You can al-ways decide to use ionizers on the basisof a horsepower contest the fastest ion-izer wins But the most important issue iswhether the ionizers reduce the staticproblem or not This is not a decisionmade on the basis of a particular devicetechnology All devices are at hazard tocharged insulators at some level Ionizersare needed to reduce charges on insula-tors below the critical level for a givendevice or process It would not make senseto use wrist straps or dissipative flooringwithout some testing to demonstrate areduction in the static problem Any ap-plication of ionizers (or any other staticcontrol method) should include testingto show the impact on the static problemwhether itrsquos contamination ESD damageequipment lockups or anything else

Once a decision has been made to useionization it must face the same returnon investment (ROI) analysis that shouldbe part of the decision-making process forany static control method This is criticalbecause ionizers cost significantly morethan wrist straps Once it has been dem-onstrated that ionizers reduce or elimi-nate part of the static problem and aninstallation of ionizers has been proposed

it should be possible to calculate how longit will take to pay back the costs of theionizer installation Typically this pay-back period is one year or less In criticalionizer applications such as protectingMR heads or semiconductor photomasksthe payback might be calculated in daysor even from a single ESD event that isprevented It makes no sense to ask if ion-izers are cost-effective compared to otherstatic control methods Other static con-trol methods do not deal with charge oninsulators The real question should bewhat is the cost of not using ionizers tosolve a static problem caused by chargeon insulators or isolated conductors

ConclusionAs with most technologies there has

been considerable progress in the designof ionizers over the last twenty years Spe-cialized ionizers exist for protecting ex-tremely ESD-sensitive components high-speed industrial web applications andhigh quality cleanroom applicationsamong many other applications in elec-tronics assembly optics and medical de-vices Manufacturers of ionizers havelearned to make the best use of the vari-ety of ionization technologies available

As with any static control method oneshould make a decision to use ionizationbased on the best current knowledge avail-able rather than relying on informationsources about technologies a decade ormore out of date or misinformed consult-ants It is hoped that this article has pre-sented information to assist you in mak-ing a decision to appropriately use air ion-ization

AcknowledgementThe material in this article first ap-

peared in ESD Today the newsletter of theSilicon Valley ESD Society



Air ionization New on the web

If you havenrsquot visited the ESD Associa-tion web site recently todayrsquos a good timeto log on to wwwesdaorg and find outwhatrsquos new

Online membership rosterWant to find an Association member

Try the online membership roster An ex-tension of the printed version the onlinemembership roster is searchable by mem-ber name by company and by geographicarea Information displayed as the resultof a search is the same as that containedin the printed version Itrsquos updated regu-larly so you have access to the most cur-rent information

Symposium papersIn the members only section yoursquoll find

a selection of downloadable device anddesign papers from prior EOSESD Sym-posiums These papers have been selectedas key papers contributing to the tech-nology and understanding of ESD

Technical reportsThe ESDA standards activity has pre-

pared a dozen technical reports on stan-dards related ESD topics that aredownloadable in PDF format from themembers only section

Accessing the members onlysection

To access the members only sectionyou need a password and e-mail addressThe first time you visit the members onlysection you enter your ESDA member-ship number then create your own pass-word and enter an e-mail address On fu-ture visits enter your password and youre-mail address

ThresholdBeginning with the JulyAugust issue

Threshold will only be available as adownloadable PDF file in the membersonly section See Leo G Henryrsquos columnin this issue for more information

Threshold

10

The ESD Association will sponsor itssecond annual David F Barber Sr Char-ity Golf Tournament in conjunction withthe October 2002 EOSESD Symposium

Held in honor of David F Barber Sr anavid golfer and one of the founders of theSymposium the tournament will be heldSaturday afternoon October 5 at CharlesT Myers Golf Course in Charlotte NCProceeds from entry fees and from eventsponsorships will be directed to a localCharlotte area charity

In announcing the event David ESwenson golf tournament co-chairmanstated ldquoThe tournament is one way inwhich the Association can give somethingback to the communities that play host toour annual Symposium Our first tourna-ment in Portland was very successful andthe participants had a fun afternoonrdquo

In order to appeal to participants of allskill levels the event will be a scrambleformat Golfers hit their shots from theposition of the best ball in the foursomeincluding putts on the green

To add to the fun there will be holesponsorships contests such as longest puttor straightest drive on-course refresh-ments and plenty of prizes The afternoonevent will conclude with an evening bar-becue supper at the golf course

Participants may sign up as individualsor in foursomes Participation is limitedto 144 golfers Non-golfers may come foronly the evening barbecue Transporta-tion to the golf course from the headquar-ters hotel will be provided

Complete information regarding play-ing in the tournament or sponsoringprizes events or holes will be mailed toAssociation members shortly Registrationand sponsorship forms can also be down-loaded from the Association web site atwwwesdaorg

Second annual charity golftournament set for Charlotte

Correction

In the JanuaryFebruary issueletters to the editor column we in-advertently referred to micro-electrodesas mm electrodes in the letter fromNiels Jonassen The final paragraphof the letter should have read as fol-lows

So we donrsquot know if there is aPaschen-low for micro-electrodes But Idonrsquot see why it shouldnrsquot be pos-sible to find out But a poor old pen-sioner cannot do it At least notalone

Threshold goingweb-based

ber and an email address This email ad-dress is what we need to notify you of theavailability of future issues of ThresholdSo far (since August 2001) about threehundred of you have logged on Sincethere are a little over 1200 of you yet tolog on we have a long ways to go

We need you to log on to the MembersOnly section using the email address thatyou want us to use to send you the news-letter

Last but not least letrsquos look at the pri-vacy issue This is an issue of prime im-portance to the Association and you ourmember The email address that we ob-tain from you will be used only as a pass-word on the ESDA web site or for directcommunications from the Associationsuch as announcing the availability ofThreshold or other activities or eventsYour email address will not be sold rentedtraded or otherwise shared with othersYou will find a formal statement of thispolicy on the ESDA web site

I would like to thank all of you in ad-vance for your co-operation I am look-ing forward to ALL of you logging in tothe Members Only section RememberTo keep aware of all Association news andactivities please go to the ESDA web siteand login to the Members Only section(wwwesdaorg) or just send us your e-mailaddress (infoesdaorg) and you will getyour Threshold newsletter

Be happy

Leo G


Association newsAssociation newsAssociation newsAssociation newsAssociation news From the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chair

Letters to the editorLetters to the editorLetters to the editorLetters to the editorLetters to the editor

Start making your plans now to partici-pate in this annual event You will notonly have an afternoon of fun and relax-ation before getting down to the more se-rious business of tutorials and technicalsessions but you will be helping raisemoney for a good cause

JanuaryFebruary 2002

11

Institutional Listings

Minimum rates are $60000 for six consecutive issues Larger contributions will be most welcome No agency fee is granted for soliciting such contributions Inquiriesor contributions made payable to the ESD Association plus instructions on how you wish your Institutional Listing to appear should be sent toESD Association 7900 Turin Rd Building 3 Rome NY 13440-2069 Tel (315) 339-6937 Fax (315) 339-6793 email infoesdaorg httpwwwesdaorg

ACL Staticide1960 E Devon Avenue Elk Grove Village IL 60007

Tel 847-981-9212 Fax 847-981-9278wwwaclstaticidecom

Cleanroom products topical antistats floor finishes and coatingsstatic detection meters monitors computer cleaning products

Flexco1401 E 6th St Tuscumbia AL 35674Tel 800-633-3151 Fax 800-346-9075

wwwflexcofloorscomManufacturer of ESD control conductive and

static dissipative solid vinyl tile

ESD Systemscom19 Brigham St Unit 9 Marlboro MA 01752

Tel 508-485-7390 Fax 508-480-0257 wwwesdsystemscomA full line of ESD control products wrist strapsfoot groundersmats

ionizersfloor finishshielding bagssmocks testers amp more

Wolfgang WarmbierUntere Giesswiesen 21 D-78247 Hilzingen Germany

Tel 49-7731-86880 Fax 49-7731-868832wwwwarmbiercom

ISO 9002 Certified for advice supply and manufacturing ofstatic control materials and systems

BijlBarneveldHermesweg 28 NL-3771 ND Barneveld Holland

Tel 31-342-490147 Fax 31-342-416845 Email infobijlbarneveldnlEuropersquos small but most reputable distributor of

ESD Control Products ISO 9002 certified

Monroe Electronics100 Housel Avenue Lyndonville NY 14098

Tel 716-765-2254 Fax 716-765-9330Email electrostaticmonroe-electronicscom

wwwmonroe-electronicscomFull line manufacturer of static measurement equipment

CarmelstatPOB 1468 Haifa 31014 Israel

Tel 972-4-846-6016 Fax 972-4-846-6958 wwwcarmelstatcomManufacturer of ESD thermoplastic compounds forshipping storage and inplant handling products

Static Solutions Inc331 Boston Post Rd E Marlboro MA 01752

Tel 508-480-0700 Fax 508-485-3353 wwwstaticsolutionscomWorld Wide Mfg of Industry First ESD-Clean Room Products

MonitorsTestersCoatings Industry First Products

PSSI (Plug-in Storage Systems Inc)284-A Racebrook Road PO Box 928 Orange CT 06477

Tel 800-231-5952 Fax 800-532-2999 Email infopluginstoragecomProtective storage cabinets carrying cases carts work benches

and seating for handling ESD-sensitive circuitboards and electronic devices

HMS Compounds IncP0 Box 388 Mansfield TX 76063Tel 817-468-3099 Fax 817-468-3122

wwwhmscompoundscomManufacturers of Conductive and Static Dissipative

Thermoplastic Sheet and Roll Stock for ESD Protection

PRF USA INCPO Box 6505 Carlstadt NJ 07072Tel 201-804-5565 Fax 201-804-5567

wwwesdrubbercomStatic DissipativeESD Control Rubber FlooringStatic Dissipative Floor Mats and Table Mats

ALX Technical30 MacIntosh Blvd Suite 5 Concord Ontario L4K 4P1 Canada

Tel 905-761-0370 Fax 905-761-0371infoalxtechnicalcom wwwalxtechnicalcomManufactures of ESD and ESD Cleanroom Paper

ESDNotesTM adhesive backed paper and ESD Labels

rubberbandsnetPO Box 75267 Colorado Springs CO 80970TelFax 719-683-2419 wwwrubberbandsnet

Electronic Grade Rubber Bands mfd in the USA vacuum-sealedAntistatic dissipative conductive with distributors worldwide

Polyflor Static Control Flooring365 Walt Sanders Memorial Drive Newnan GA 30265

Tel 800-852-8292 Fax 770-252-4894 Email FhilllowandbonarcomwwwPolyflorcom

Worldwide manufacturer and distributor of ESD control conductive anddissipative vinyl floors available in both sheet and tile

VPI Mirrex Corp1389 School House Road Delaware City DE 19706

Tel 302-836-5950 Fax 302-836-7571wwwvpicorpcom

Manufacturer of ESD thermoplastic materials for the display andprotection of static sensitive components

Saint-Gobain Advanced Ceramics1225 Aeroplaza Drive Colorado Springs CO 80916

Tel 719-637-8734 Fax 719-380-5591 Email JBLafonsaint-gobaincomManufacturer of Cerastattrade ESD ceramics products to customers prints

tools fixtures wear parts for data storage and other electronicindustries

RMV ESD Consulting amp Testing ServicesCertified DVBE NARTE Certified ESD Engineer on Staff

wwwesdrmvcom Tel 925-673-0225ESD Program Leadership and Supplier Materials Evaluation

Comprehensive ESD Audits and On Site SeminarsEmployee TrainingMember American Council of Independent Labs

Tek Stil Concepts IncPO Box 67 Haddonfleld NJ 0S033

800603-0848 856428-4464 Fax 856429-6532wwwtekstilconceptscom Email infotekstilconceptscom

ESD dissipative and conductive vinyl sheet and tileESD carpet tile Interlocking conductive rubber antifatigue mats

ProLine12 Rogers Rd Haverhill MA 01835Tel 978-521-2600 Fax 975-374 4885

www1proIinecom Email Bench1prolinecomManufactures ESD modular and ergonomic workstations

Pure Plast Inc1261 Balmoral Rd Cambridge ONT Canada N1T 1C4

519-622-0410 gcherrypureplastcomManufactures amp Supplies Thermoforming PVC amp PCTESD amp AntiStat sheet film for the electronic industry

Threshold

ESD Association7900 Turin RoadBuilding 3Rome NY 13440-2069

RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED

NON-PROFIT ORGAUTOCR

US POSTAGE PAIDRome NY

Permit No 189

Institutional ListingsHowell Packaging Division of FM Howell amp Company

PO Box 286 Elmira NY 14902Tel 607-734-6291 Fax 607-734-8667

Designers amp Manufacturers of ESD Protective PackagingPaperboard amp Thermoformed Plastic In-House Testing

Julie Industries Inc355 Middlesex Avenue Wilmington MA 01887-0783

Tel 978-988-8802 Fax 978-988-8803Email questionsjulieindustriescom

StaticSmartTM products including carpet rubber amp polymeric flooringpersonnel grounding products amp materials ESD workstations and chairs

Desco Charleswater West3651 Walnut Avenue Chino CA 91710

Tel 909-627-8178 Fax 909-627-7449 wwwdescocomManufacturer of ESD control products including wrist straps mats

foot grounders ionizers shielding bags floor finish amp more

ITW Electronic Component Packaging Systems2001 E Randol Mill Road Suite 117 Arlington TX 76011

Tel 817-277-5004 Fax 817-277-3453Static Dissipative amp Conductive Shipping amp Handling Tubes

Carrier Tape amp Reels JEDEC Carrier TraysThermoformed Packaging

Conductive Containers Inc4500 Quebec Ave North New Hope MN 55428

Tel 1-800-FARADAY Fax 612-537-1738 wwwcorstatcomManufacturer of CORSTAT and ESD protective plastic materials for shipping storage and inplant handling

Aesops Inc636 S Glenwood Place PO Box 4119 Dalton GA 30721

Tel 800-235-8817 Fax 706-278-6562 wwwaesopscomA full line manufacturer of static control products

Special sizes or shapes No problem Buy only what you need

Vermason Ltd1 Avenue One Letchworth SG6 2HB England

Tel +44 1462 672005 Fax +44 1462 670440 salesvermasoncouk Manufacturer of ESD products owner of Egreg durAstaticreg trademarks

For more information wwwvermasoncouk or e9vermasoncouk

3MElectronic Handling amp Protection DivisionTel 1-800-328-1368 www3McomEHPD

Manufacturer of static control permanent flooring wristheel strapsstatic shielding bags amp containers amp testingmonitoring equipment

Richmond TechnologyBayStat ndash An ITW Company2001 E Randol Mill Rd Arlington TX 76011

Tel 800-829-2942 817-277-5004 Fax 817-277-8453Email salesrichmond-technologycom

ESD films and bags shielding DryPackreg CleanPackaging groundingwrist straps heel grounders work surfaces floor mats amp monitors

Work Surfaces Corporation1-800-553-5015 (USA)

Tel 626-836-3749 Fax 626-836-8979 wwwworksurfacescomBrass terminus flush mount grounding systems

wrist strap receptacles--bus bars

Brick Container Corporation - Protektive Pakreg

PO Box 548 La Mirada CA 90637-0548Tel 714-994-4140 Fax 714-994-1377 wwwbrickcontainercom

Impregnated ESD Corrugated Stock Boxes Crates amp Foam

Technical Coating International Inc150 Backhoe Road Leland NC 28451

Tel 910-371-0860 Fax 910-371-0929 wwwtciinccomManufacturer of ESD Films Foil Laminates and Specialty Structures (Barrier Opaque Transparent amp Recyclable)

VPI3123 S 9th St PO Box 451 Sheboygan WI 53082-0451

Tel 800-874-4240 Fax 920-458-1368Email marketingvpiflooringcom

wwwvpiflooringcomManufacturer of ESD Control Solid Vinyl Floor Tile

Trek Inc11601 Maple Ridge Road Medina NY 14103

Tel 585-798-3140 Fax 585-798-3106Manufacturer of instrumentation for measuring

surface voltage ionizer performance and surface resistivity

Kenflex Corporation460 NE Hemlock Suite A Redmond OR 97756

Tel 541-923-4765 Fax 541-923-4190 kenflexcoinetcomManufactures FLEXCELLreg FLEXSTANDreg FLEXTOTEreg

circuit board transport and protection units also on webFor additional information wwwkenflexcom

Desco Charleswater East90 Hudson Rd Canton MA 02021-1407

Tel 781-821-8370 Fax 781-575-0172 wwwcharleswatercomManufacturer of ESD control products including wrist straps matsfloor finish Micastat laminate shielding bags amp much much more

2

Threshold

ThresholdTM is published six times a year formembers of the ESD Association a not-for-profitcorporation It strives for the advancement oftheory and practice of electrical overstressavoidance and of allied arts and sciences and themaintenance of a high professional standingamong its members and others

copy Copyright 2002 ESD Association Rome NY

Newsletter StaffThreshold Chair

Leo G Henry PhDIon Systems

1005 Parker Street Berkeley CA 94710Tel 510-704-5467 Fax 510-548-0417

Email lghenryioncom

BOD SponsorMike Chaine

Micron Technology IncMS502 8000 S Federal Way Boise ID 83707

Tel 208-368-4883Email Mchainemicroncom

EditorMichael T Brandt

Marketing Resources Ltd12638 W Virginia Ave Lakewood CO 80228

TelFax 303-274-1222Email mtbmrlwebcom

Associate EditorsAwards amp HistoryHank Domingos

Potsdam NYTel 315-265-3416 Fax 315-268-7600

Email domingosclarksonedu

DevelopmentEd Weggeland

Richmond Technology Idyllwild CATel 909-659-7050 Fax 909-659-5549

Email weggelandrichmond-technologycom

EducationTom Diep

Texas Instruments Dallas TXTel 972-480-6689

Email tomdiepticom

ElectrostaticsNiels Jonassen

Copenhagen DENMARKTel 45-45-25-3127 Fax 45-4593-2766

Email mrstaticdanbbsdk

Protection DesignSteve Voldman

IBM Microelectronics Essex Junction VTTel 802-769-8368

Email a108501usibmcom

TechnologyCharvaka Duvvury

Texas Instruments Dallas TXFax 214-995-7988

Email Duvvuryspdcticom

Editorial Advisory BoardThreshold Chair

Leo G Henry Ion Systems

BOD SponsorMike Chaine Micron Technology Inc

PresidentStephen A Halperin SHampAProstat

Sr Vice PresidentEd Weggeland Richmond Technology

Vice PresidentMark Kelly Delphi Delco Electronics

Membership ChairKay Adams Tech-Wear

ESD Association Headquarters Staff

7900 Turin Road Building 3Rome NY 13440-2069

Tel (315) 339-6937 Fax (315) 339-6793Email infoesdaorg httpwwwesdaorg

ThresholdTM Publication ScheduleIssue DeadlinesMayJune -------------------------- April 1JulyAugust -------------------------- June 1SeptemberOctober ---------------- Aug 1NovemberDecember ------------- Oct 1JanuaryFebruary ------------------ Dec 1MarchApril ------------------------- Feb 1

From the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chairFrom the Threshold chair

Threshold

Leo G Henry

No more hardcopies of Thresh-old

That is correctand we thinkthat most of youwill be pleasedwith the changeThe newsletterwill be availablein PDF format onyour PClaptopbeginning withthe JulyAugust issue The issues will bedistributed in the beginning of the firstmonth of each bi-monthly issue In facta great idea just occurred to me as I ampenning this column how about a Thresh-old issue every month with fewer pagesLet me hear from you as to what youthink Send responses co the editorthanks

Over the last few years more and morecompanies societies associations and

Threshold is going web-based ndash No more hard copies

even magazines have been switching toweb-based only newsletters Surveys saythat the switch has been quite successful

Here is our current plan for the elec-tronic distribution of Threshold This is-sue (MarchApril) and the next one (MayJune) will continue to be sent to the fullmembership as a paper copy Beginningwith the July-August issue we are goingto a web-based only publication Whatdoes that mean First it means that allmembers will be sent an email notifica-tion that the July-August issue of Thresh-old is available as a PDF file on the ESDAweb site It can now be either downloadedor just read on line from the ESDA Mem-bers Only section of the ESDA web site

We do not want to send you a large at-tachment that could bog down your emailserver Instead we will send you an emailnotification that will contain a clickablelink that takes you directly to the ESDArsquosMembers Only logon page This way youcan either read Threshold on screen or

print it out The choice is yoursWhere will we get that email address

you ask Here is where we need your helpand full cooperation

A few months or more ago ALL mem-bers were sent their green and white ESDAmembership card with membership num-ber (see below) and instructions for log-ging on to the Members Only section ofthe ESDA website (wwwesdaorg) Youwere asked to use your membership num-

Continued on page 10

MarchApril 2002

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October 2002





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Sunday October 6

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Monday October 7


Tuesday October 8









Wednesday October 9


Thursday October 10


Friday October 11











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ION Systems















Arnold Steinman

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Leo G






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3

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April 2002



May 2002



June 2002






















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October 2002





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Tutorials

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Tuesday October 8









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Thursday October 10


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Top ten signs
















Standards update


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ION Systems















Arnold Steinman

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Correction








Be happy

Leo G






11


























































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Threshold








Saturday October 5


Sunday October 6

Tutorials

Monday October 7


Tuesday October 8









Wednesday October 9


Thursday October 10


Friday October 11











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ION Systems















Arnold Steinman

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Correction








Be happy

Leo G






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Standards update


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ION Systems















Arnold Steinman

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Correction








Be happy

Leo G






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6

Threshold





















Groups WG-5








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7












Top ten signs
















Standards update


8

Threshold



ION Systems















Arnold Steinman

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Correction








Be happy

Leo G






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Top ten signs
















Standards update


8

Threshold



ION Systems















Arnold Steinman

Continued on page 9

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Correction








Be happy

Leo G






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Threshold



ION Systems















Arnold Steinman

Continued on page 9

MarchApril 2002

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Correction








Be happy

Leo G






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10









Correction








Be happy

Leo G






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Correction








Be happy

Leo G






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