Three Worlds Meet

Cultural diffusion, spread of Christianity, demise of

indigenous population & Columbian exchange

Colonization in North America

• Reformation in Europe• England—Puritans flee to the New

World to practice freedom of religion• Jamestown—established by a joint-

stock company – investors pool their wealth for a common purpose

• Dealings with Native Americans

Colonization in North America

• France in the New World– Claim territory from Quebec all the way

to New Orleans• How do they get all the way down to New

Orleans?– They will follow the beaver.

– Fur Trade

• Relationship with Native Americans

Colonization in North America

• Spain in the New World– Controlled Florida, Mexico, & Central

America

• Conversion of Native Americans (indigenous population)

Big Question:

Why did these European countries

stay and create colonies in the

Americas?

MercantilismAn economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient—only reason for colonies to exist is to benefit the mother [colonizing] country.

Hernando CortésHernando CortésHernando CortésHernando Cortés

First Spanish Conquests: The First Spanish Conquests: The AztecsAztecs

Cortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1521

and took control of modern day Mexico.

Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II

vs.vs.vs.vs.

Francisco PizarroFrancisco PizarroFrancisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro

First Spanish Conquests: The First Spanish Conquests: The IncasIncas

Pizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532

AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa

vs.vs.vs.vs.

Spain Expands Its Influence

• Marriage between Spaniards and native women created a mestizo population

• Impose Spanish culture• Catholic Priests are brought along.• Conquistadors vs. Native Americans

– Different views on land ownership– Encomienda-a grant of land made

by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.

– Lead to oppression

Spanish Colonial Class System

The transfer of goods involved 4 continents, Americas, Europe,

Asia and Africa

Columbian ExchangeOld World to New

World– European diseases—

smallpox – Steel technology over stone– Cannon and firearms– HORSES– Lack of unity– Cattle [pigs, sheep, chicken]

Columbian ExchangeNew World to Old

World– Syphillis– Tomato (Italy)– Red Pepper (Italy & China)– Potato (Northern Europe)– Sugar– Cacao– Corn – Tobacco

What does all this mean???

Before Columbian Exchange

• Europeans were unaware that civilizations existed to the West.

• Trade routes—between Europe, Asia and Africa

After Columbian Exchange

• Establish a new trade system--mercantilism

• Items that were coming over to the Old World were not mentioned in the Bible.

• When and where did civilizations develop?

• Were Adam & Eve the first?

Impact of the Columbian Exchange

• European migration to the Americas wiped out the indigenous population– Directly & Indirectly

• As a result, there is a shortage of labor to grow cash crops—Who do the Europeans turn to next?

SLAVE LABOR

Triangular Trade

Americas to

Europe

Europe to Africa

Africa to

Americas

Middle Passage

SlaveryAfrican Slavery

• Existed in Africa for many years

• When Islam spread, slavery increased

• Race was not a factor

Slavery in the Americas• As the indigenous

population dies, the increase of slaves rises

• Based on race• Hereditary

Middle Passage• The part of the triangular

trade which brought Africans to the Americas

• Europeans had trade posts along the west coast of Africa

• In exchange for slaves, the Europeans gave Africans gold, guns and other goods.

http://10.135.3.241/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=211&location=local

Let’s watch a short clip on the Middle Passage

The Effects of European

Colonization on the Americas

Europeans R.A.C.E.D. to conquer the Americas

Conquistadors conquer Latin America

Rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America

Africans brought to America as slaves

Brought across on the Middle Passage. The cargo hold of a slave ship would be packed tight as traders would try to maximize their profit. Conditions were hot, cramped and horrific.

Colonies imitate culture of parent country

Which European culture spread the most?

Europeans immigrate to Americas

As a result of discovery of the New World, Europeans will begin to migrate to the Americas and live in the New World

Diseases kill Native Americans

Although Native Americans died from wars with Europeans, the MAJORITY died from diseases carried by Europeans, such as smallpox.

The Four Major European Players

Spain: Caribbean, Latin America

Portugal: Brazil

France: Quebec

England: North America