three general properties: they are capable of dividing themselves for long periods; they are...
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Three general properties:
they are capable of dividing themselves for long periods;
they are unspecialized;
and they can give rise to specialized cell types.
What are Stem Cells
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This cellCan form the
Embryo and placenta
This cellCan just form the
embryo
Fully mature
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Totipotent Differentiation into
ANY cell type Known Source Large numbers can be
harvested from embryos May cause immune
rejection
Rejection of ES cells by recipient has not been shown yet
Multi or pluripotent Differentiation into
some cell types, limited outcomes
Unknown source Limited numbers, more
difficult to isolate Less likely to cause
immune rejection, since the patient’s own cells can be used
Embryonic VS Adult Stem Cells
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First isolated by Friedenstein et al in 1970 from bone marrow
Fibroblastoid cells - spindle-shaped
Adherent to tissue culture glass or plastic
High growth potential
What are Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Differentiation capacity
Can differentiate into: Osteoblasts Adipocytes chondrocytes myocytes neuron-like cells.
Multipotent
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Sources of MSCs
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Morphological and physical features
Plastic-adherent, fibroblast-like cells
Cell surface markers
CD34negˬ CD45negˬCD14 negˬCD31neg Hematopoietic markers:
CD29posˬ CD44posˬCD54posˬ CD56posˬCD73posˬCD105posˬAdhesion molecules: CD106 pos
CD104posˬCD61posˬCD49pos Integrins:
Growth factors and Cytokines: CDw119pos, CD140apos, CD126pos, CD124pos, CD123pos, CD121pos, CD120pos, CD71pos
White blood cell common antigens: CD80neg, CD3neg, CD86neg, MHC Class II Antigensneg
Functional features
Potential to differentiate into the osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, tenogenic, myogenic, neural cells and other lineages.
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Phenotypic Receptors
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The International Society for Cellular therapy (ISCT) has devised three criteria needed to identify MSCs: plastic adherence of the isolated cells in culture.
Expression of culture of differentiation (CD) markers such as CD105, CD73, CD90 and in >95% of the culture with absent expression of markers including CD34, CD45, CD14 or CD11B, CD79A or CD19 and human leukocyte antigen-DR(HLA-DR).
capacity to differentiate in to osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes.
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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Markers
Sox2Oct4NanogSSEA-4,3(Rastegar et al., 2010)CD271(Docheva et al., 2008)CD146(Docheva et al., 2008)GD2(Martinez et al., 2007)
Asumda and Chase, 2011
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Numerous factors including culture parameters such as:Nutritional levelCell confluenceOxygen level Number of passagesPlastic surface
Culture and expansion of MSCs
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Important factors that regulate differentiation and proliferation capacity
Telomere length
Asymmetric cell division
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Multiipotent - self renewal and wide differentiation into multiple lineages
Can be incorporated direct into other tissues Low immunogenicity and suppress alloreactive T
cell response (transplanted allogenic MSC are not rejected)
Easy to obtain
Regenerative medicine and Therapeutic issues
Appealing Charactersitics
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MSC migration toward injury tissue
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Immunomodulatory properties of MSCs