three epochs in history jewish church (first century) hellenistic / european church (200-1962) world...
TRANSCRIPT
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A History of the Roman Catholic Church
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Three Epochs in History
• Jewish Church (First Century)• Hellenistic / European Church
(200-1962)• World Church (1965-Present)
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Jewish Church
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Sources
• Acts of the Apostles• Paul’s Letters• Catholic Letters• Josephus• Tacitus• Eusebius
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Preparation For the Church
• Jesus’ passion, death, and resurrection
• Jesus gives Apostles authority to baptize, forgive sins, and celebrate the Eucharist
• Jesus Ascends to Heaven• Pentecost
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Jewish Foundations
• Jesus and His Apostles were Jewish
• James’ vision was of a Jesus-movement that remained Jewish
• Peter and Paul had a different vision
• Only one vision would prevail
Jesus, the Jew, healing in the Temple
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Mission in Jerusalem
• Community expands• Chief priests become enemies
of the Christians• Deacons• Stephen is stoned to death
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Mission outside Jerusalem
• Apostles travel• Form Christian communities in
other cities• Apostles meet as a group to make
decisions• Apostles pass along their authority
to Bishops
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Title “Christian”
• Acts 11:26• Church in Antioch dubs
themselves “Christian”• One who follows—and has
been baptized in the name of—the Christ (God’s Anointed), Jesus
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St. Paul
• Understood himself as a Jew meant to bring Salvation to all peoples
• Began to open up membership to non-Jews
• Recruiting members (different from mainstream Judaism)
• Creates questions about Membership
• What role would a Jewish Temple play for Greek followers of Christ
Out Preaching the Gospel and converting….admittedly, Paul probably didn’t
wear a suit.
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Council of Jerusalem
• 49 C.E.• Questions about membership • Did one have to become Jewish
to follow Christ• Questions about Circumcision
and dietary concerns• Compromise reached If the Council of Jerusalem had occurred in
Middle Earth, instead of the Middle East, this is what it might have looked like.
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Jewish Revolt
• 66 – 70 C.E.• Various Jewish factions took
control of Jerusalem• Jewish Christians fled• Romans retook Jerusalem after
three years of fighting• Horrific warfare
Jerusalem is scorched to the ground
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Aftermath• Temple Destroyed
• Jerusalem erased form the map
• New Roman Colony erected
• Christians relocate to Jordan
• Pharisaic Jews, Zealots, and Christians only groups to emerge
• Anger towards Christians for not helping
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Another Jewish Rebellion
• 132-135• Led by Simon Bar’Koba• Romans mercilessly expunge
this revolt• Disperse Jews through out
Mediterranean
Jewish Faith left in shambles
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Theological Divorce• Fall of Temple means both Jesus-Jews
and Pharisaic-Jews need to refocus• Jesus-Jews (Christians) theology
centres on Sacraments• Pharisaic-Jews (Rabbinic Judaism)
centres on Scripture• Hostilities emerge between
Christians and Jews at the turn of the century
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Greek and European Church
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Greco-Roman World
• Council of Jerusalem, 49 CE• Didache, 100 CE• Irenaeous of Lyon, 2nd century CE• Constantine legalizes Christianity, 313• 3rd – 4th century, Christianity solidified
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Rise of the Papacy, Fall of Rome
• Papacy, late 4th – 5th century• Pope Leo the Great• Council of Chalcedon, 449• Pope Gregory the Great• Rome falls, 476
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Evangelization of Northern Europe• 8th – 9th Century• Monks• Confession, spiritual counseling• Gregorian Reforms
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Medieval Church
• 8th – 13th Century• Islam• Relationship between faith and
Reason• St. Anselm, 11th Century• Thomas Aquinas, 13th Century• Crusades, 1095
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Reform and Counter-Reformation
• 16th – 17th Century• Martin Luther• Proposes reforms• Council of Trent, 1545-1563
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European Empires Overseas
• 17th – 19th Century• Trade routes opening up• Jesuits successful spreading
Christianity• Canada: Jean de Brebeuf
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Rationalism
• Enlightenment period, 18th – 19th Century• Replace faith with reason• Reject authority• Revolutions: American, French, Italian, Russian• Church Responses: Liberal and Ultramontane• Vatican I, 1869-1870
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Global Church
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Precursor to Global Christianity
• Trade Routes and Missionaries, 17th – 19th Centuries
• American Independence, 1775-1783• World War I, 1914-1918• World War II, 1939-1945
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Vatican II
• 1962-1965• Vision set by Pope John XXIII• Invites Bishops, non-Catholics,
and non-Christians• Appoints more Cardinals• Opens up the Vatican
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Lumen Gentium
• The Light of Nations• Vision of the Church• Entire body of Christ,
throughout the world• Christ fully subsists in the
Bishops and Pope
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Unity and Diversity
• Balancing both is a challenge• Translation of the English Mass• Collegiality of the Bishops• Conferences of Catholic Bishops• Bishops Synods
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Globalism in the Church
• Pope John Paul II• Cardinal Ouellet• Pope Benedict XVI• Pope Francis