thread fastener
TRANSCRIPT
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Threaded FastenersChapter 11
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TOPICS
Introduction
Thread terminology
Thread drawing and dimensioning
Threaded fastener
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Introduction
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FASTENING TYPE1. Permanent
WeldingWelding GluingGluing RivetingRiveting
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FASTENING TYPE
2.1 Threaded fastener - bolts - studs - screws
2. Temporary
2.2 Non-threaded fastener - keys - pin
key
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THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.
Part A Part B
Part C
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THREAD APPLICATION
1. To hold parts together.
2. To move part(s) relative to others.
Wood working vise Palm fruit pressing machine
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Thread Terminology
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External (male)thread
Internal (female)thread
THREAD TERMINOLOGYA thread cut on the outside ofa cylindrical body.
A thread cut on the inside ofa cylindrical body.
Internal threadExternal thread
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Right-handthread
Thread that will assemble whenturned clockwise.
Left-handthread
Thread that will assemble whenturned counter-clockwise.
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Turnbuckle use RH and LH thread at each end to double displacement.
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Crest
Root
Thread angle
THREAD TERMINOLOGYThe peak edge of a thread.
The bottom of the thread cut intoa cylindrical body.
The angle between threads faces.
Internal ThreadExternal Thread
CrestRoot
Thread angle
CrestRoot
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Major diameterThe largest diameter onan internal or external thread.
Minor diameterThe smallest diameter onan internal or external thread.
Internal ThreadExternal ThreadM
inor
dia
.
Maj
or d
ia.
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Min
or d
ia.
Maj
or d
ia.
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Pitch The distance between crests ofthreads.
Lead The distance a screw will advance when turned 360o.
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Internal ThreadExternal Thread
PitchPitch
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Form is the profile shape of thethread.
Thread Form
THREAD TERMINOLOGY
Example :“knuckle thread form”
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EXTERNAL THREAD CUTTINGTools Operation
Threading Die
Die stock
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Twist drillTools
Tap
Tap wrench
Operation
INTERNAL THREAD CUTTING
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COMPARISON OF THREAD CUTTINGExternal Thread Internal Thread
Major Dia.
Minor Dia.
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Thread Drawing
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1. 1. DetailedDetailed representation representation
2. 2. SchematicSchematic representation representation
3. 3. Simplified Simplified representationrepresentation
THREAD REPRESENTATION
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External thread Internal thread
DETAILED REPRESENTATION
60oPitch
Use slanting lines to represent crest and root.
Roots and crest are drawn in sharp Vs.
Thread runout
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SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
External thread
Pitch Crest (thin line)Root (thick line)
Use alternate long and short lines for representingcrests and roots of the thread, respectively.
Internal thread
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SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION
External thread Internal thread
Use thick continuous lines for representing crestand thin continuous lines for representing root ofthe thread, respectively.
Pitch/2
RootCrest
Thread runout
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SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATION
External thread Internal thread
Sectional view
Use thick continuous lines for representing crestand thin continuous lines for representing root ofthe thread, respectively.
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ISO (METRIC) THREAD
Externalthread
Internalthread
Center of thread assembly
60o
Pitch, P
P/4
P/8
Thread assemble occurs if and only if both (internal & external)thread have an equal nominal size (or diameter) and pitch.
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Nominalsize
Major diameter
Pitch Minor diameter
Tap drill size
M6 6.00 1.00 4.92 5.00M8 8.00 1.25 6.65 6.75M10 10.00 1.50 8.38 8.50M12 12.00 1.75 10.11 10.00
METRIC COARSE THREAD
Minor diameter = Major diameter – Pitch
Minor diameter ≈ Tap drill size
[Table 9.1]
Metric thread
In thread drawing, the following relationship is used.
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Nominalsize
Major diameter
Pitch Minor diameter
Tap drill size
M8 8.000.75 7.188 7.251.00 6.917 7.00
M10 10.000.75 9.188 9.251.00 8.917 9.001.25 8.647 8.75
METRIC FINE THREAD[Table 9.2]
Minor diameter = Major diameter – Pitch
Minor diameter ≈ Tap drill size
In thread drawing, the following relationship is used.
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Thread Length
DRAWING STEPS OFEXTERNAL THREAD
Startingposition
Drawthreadaxis M
ajor
dia
.M
inor
dia
.
Draw45o Chamfer
Draw line making30o with thread axis
Draw a circle thatrepresents a crest.
Draw an arc thatrepresents a root.
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Internal Thread
1. Through threaded hole
DRAWING STEPS OFTHREADED HOLE
Drawthreadaxis M
ajor
dia
.M
inor
dia
.
Draw a root
Draw a crestSectional view
Draw a circle thatrepresents a crest.
Draw an arc thatrepresents a root.
root
crest
Section lines are drawn into the crest of a thread.
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Min
or d
ia.
DRAWING STEPS OFTHREADED HOLE
2. Blinded threaded hole
Drawthreadaxis M
ajor
dia
.
Hole depth
Thread depthDraw a circle thatrepresents a crest.
Draw an arc thatrepresents a root.
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DRAWING STEPS OFTHREADED HOLE
2. Blinded threaded holeSectional view
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DIMENSIONING EXTERNAL THREAD
M10 ×1.5 ×1.0 Fine thread
Coarse thread
xxThreadlength
Use local note to specify :- thread form, nominal size, pitch (if it is a fine thread)
Use typical method to specify :- thread length.
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3. Thread form
4. Nominal size
5. Pitch
1. Tap drill size
2. Drill depth
6. Thread depth
8.50 Drill, 20 Deep,M10 Tapped, 15 Deep
DIMENSIONING THREADED HOLE
Use local note tospecify
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Threaded Fastener
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BOLT : Terminology
Bolt is a threaded cylinder with a head.
Hexagonal headbolt and nut
Headthickness
Thread length
Length
Width across flat
Dimensions of bolt’s head arelisted in table 9.4.
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Drawboltaxis
Draw anend view
of the head
B
Startingposition
H
Draw abolt head
B/2 B/2
30o
Length
Thread Length
Maj
or
Draw body of a bolt
BOLT : Drawing steps
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NUT : Drawing steps
Draw an end viewof the nut
BH
B/2 B/2
Dimensions of the nut are given in Table 9.14.
Dash lines representa threaded hole areomitted for clarity.
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1. Insert a bolt intoa clearance hole
2. Insert a washer.
3. Screw a nut.
BOLT : Application
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Let’ s think together… What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement?
(B) Use shorter bolt with the same thread length.
Correct
(C) Reduce the thread length.
Inappropriate Wrong
(D) Add washer or nut.
(A) Nothing have to be changed.
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Let’ s think together… What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement?
(B) Use a bolt of this length but has a longer thread length.
(C) Use a longer bolt with the same thread length.
(D) Add washer.
(A) Nothing have to be changed.
Correct Inappropriate Wrong
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Let’ s think together… What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?
(B) Use a bolt of this length but has a shorter thread length.
(C) Use a longer bolt with the same thread length.
(D) Add washer.
(A) Nothing have to be changed.
Correct Inappropriate Wrong
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Let’ s think together… What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement?(A) Use a bolt of this length but has a shorter thread length.
(B) Use a longer bolt with the same thread length.
(C) Use a longer bolt by increasing a thread length
(D) Remove washer.
Correct Inappropriate Wrong
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Let’ s think together… What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?(A) Increase the bolt diameter.
(B) Use washer with larger outside diameter.
(C) Reduce the hole diameter.
(D) Add washer at bolt head.
Correct Inappropriate Wrong
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Let’ s think together… What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?
(B) Use a bolt with shorter thread length.
(C) Add washer.
(D) Increase drill and thread depths.
(A) Nothing have to be changed.
Correct Inappropriate Wrong
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Let’ s think together… What do you think about the following suggestions for
design improvement ?
(A) Nothing have to be changed.
(B) Use a bolt with slightly longer thread length.
Correct Inappropriate Wrong
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Stud is a headless bolt, threaded at both ends.
STUD : Terminology
Thread length
Length
Thread length
Drawingrepresentation
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Maj
or
STUD : Drawing steps
Drawstudaxis M
inor
Startingposition
Stud Length
Thread Length Thread Length
Draw45o Chamfer
Draw45o Chamfer
Draw line making30o with axis
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STUD : Application
1. Drill a hole.
3. Screw a stud.
4. Place the part to be fastened.
5. Insert washer and fastened a nut.
2. Tap a hole.
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Let’ s think together… What is the mistake in the following use of stud ?
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Let’ s think together… What is the mistake in the following use of stud ?
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Cap screw is similar to bolt, but has a longer thread than a bolt.
CAP SCREW : Terminology
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CAP SCREW : Counterbore hole
x drill,y C’bore,
z deep
x drill,w deep,y C’bore,z deep
z
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x drill,CSK to y
CAP SCREW : Countersink hole
x drill, w deep,CSK to y
yDraw 90o
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SET SCREW : TerminologySet screw is a threaded cylinder used to prevent rotation or movement between parts.
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SET SCREW : Application