Periodic Table

Student Understandings -▪ 8.5C - interpret the arrangement of the Periodic

Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements

You will be able to –▪ Classify elements based on properties▪ Understand the groups vs. periods on the PT▪ Recall how the properties of elements identify

them

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Look at one square again -

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Carbon in a Periodic Table square.

Here is how one square is

organized, but what about the

entire Periodic Table?

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C12.01

Atomic

number

Elemental

symbol

Atomic

Mass

CarbonElement

name

video

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Periodic TableHow is the PT organized?

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Major GroupsMetals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

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Metals

MetalsMost elements are metals. The elements to the left of the stairstep/zig-zag line are metals EXCEPT Hydrogen.

Physical Properties of Metals:

– Luster (they are shiny)

– Good conductors of heat andelectricity

– High density (heavy for theirsize)

– High melting point

– Ductile and Malleable

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Nonmetals

Non-metalsNonmetals are found to the right of the stair-step line. EXCEPT for HYDROGEN! Their characteristics are opposite those ofmetals.

Physical Properties of Nonmetals:

• No luster (dull appearance)

• Poor conductor of heat and electricity

• Brittle (breaks easily)

• Not ductile

• Not malleable

• Low density

• Low melting point

Metalloids

MetalloidsElements on either side of the stairstep/zigzag line haveproperties of both metals and nonmetals. These elementsare called metalloids.

Physical Properties of Metalloids:

• Solids

• Can be shiny or dull

• Ductile

• Malleable

• Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but notas well as metals

GroupsThe periodic table groups elements with similar properties together.

Each vertical column of elements (top to bottom) is known as a GROUP.

GroupsElements in the same group have similar properties, both physical and chemical.

The properties are similar because the atoms of the elements have the same number of valence electrons.

PeriodsEach horizontal row (left to right) is called a PERIOD.

The physical and chemical properties of elements change in predictable ways.

PeriodsThere are seven periods in the periodic table

A new period begins when a new energy level begins filling with electrons.

Period 1 has only two elements (hydrogen and helium)

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PeriodsPeriods 2 and 3 have 8 elements.

Periods 4 and 5 have 18 elements.

Periods 6 and 7 have 32 elements because the two bottom rows that are separated from the rest of the table belong to those periods.

They are pulled out in order to make the table itself fit more easily onto a single page.

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3

4

5

6

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7

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PeriodsPredictable trends: For example, the atomic size decreases as you move from left to right.

But increases as you go from top to bottom!

PeriodsPredictable Trends:

The densities ofelements increaseas you go from theoutside edge of thetable to the inside!

Properties of Matter

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Types of Properties

▪ Elements are classified based on their properties

▪ Then they are grouped with otherelements that are “like” them

▪ All properties of matter are either physical or chemical

Physical Properties• Physical properties can be observed or measured without

changing the composition of matter.

• Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.

Examples of Physical PropertiesColor or TextureMass – How much matter

is in an object

Malleable – Can be pounded/rolledinto a shape Ductile – Can be stretched

into a long wire

Density – How tightly mass ispacked into an object

Chemical Properties

• A chemical property is a characteristic that is observedwhen a substance changes into a different substance.

Examples of Chemical Properties

Reactivity – undergoes achemical reaction

Corrosion –destruction ofmetals

Oxidation – rusting or tarnishingFlammable – capable of

igniting

Combustible – capable of igniting at higher temps

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Fill in your Periodic Table!

▪ Step 1: Make a key and color in or outline the 3 main categories

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Fill in your Periodic Table!

▪ Step 2: Label the numbered Groups and circle one as an example

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Fill in your Periodic Table!▪ Step 3: Label the periods and circle one

as an example

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Fill in your Periodic Table!

▪ Step 4: Add APE MAN

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Completed Periodic Table!

▪ Keep this in your binder, we will add to it over the next few lessons

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BIG CONCEPTS▪ The classification of

elements is based on properties

▪ Groups vs. periods on the PT▪ We identify elements by their

properties, both chemical and physical ones.

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