this is the title of your article* · web viewcommas and periods should be used exclusively to...
TRANSCRIPT
This Is the Title of Your Article*
8
A. Author & B. Author
7
Title of Article
The Title of Your Article for Biolinguistics: Potential Sub-Title Follows Colon and Space(
First Author, Second Author & Last Author
Here comes your abstract, which every article must have. (Briefs, reports, and reviews don’t come with an abstract.) It should not exceed 150 words. Formatting guidelines for this paragraph are: Palatino 10pt, 0.4” Left & 0.4”, Hanging 0.8”, Right indentation, Exactly 12pt line spacing. The abstract does not have a header and is followed directly by two empty line spaces and up to five keywords in alphabetical order. All formatting guidelines in this document follow Microsoft Word (a stylesheet for LaTeX might be available soon). Please read these instructions carefully and look at the conventions used here (such as exemplification of punctuation, capitalization, and so on, the presentation of examples, figures, and tables, as well as all matters of document size and margins, font size and paragraph spacing, tab length and indentation, etc.). The word count of this abstract has now finally reached its accepted maximum length of exactly 150.
Keywords:Biolinguistics stylesheet; formatting specifications for MS Word; LaTeX to be done later; no more than five (complex) terms
1.General Formatting Specifications
The purpose of these guidelines is to clarify the formatting specifications for any material appearing in Biolinguistics, the new on-line journal. Since every issue is put together by the two editors and prepared for on-line publication, we ask all contributors to follow these guidelines to the best of their abilities. Our editorial team is currently too small and inexperienced to do all the work ourselves, and we do not have the facilities (or the needs) for professional typesetting.
In other words, WYSIWYG: What you see is what you get—the version of your contribution formatted along these lines will appear in virtual print as is; we thus ask for each contributor’s collaboration to help us finalize their material.
1.1.Document Settings
The instructions that follow are specified for Microsoft Word (NB: Mac-version for Apple OS!); generally, they should be translatable into other word processing sofware straightforwardly. (A stylesheet for LaTeX will be available soon.)
For general document settings, please adjust these specifications:
(1)File ( Page Setup
Paper Size: A4
(2)
Format ( Document ( Margins
a.select Mirror Margins
b.Top / Bottom / Inside: 1.25”, Outside: 1.5”
c.Gutter: 0”, Header / Footer: 0.75”
d.Apply to Whole document
(3)
Format ( Document ( Layout
a.Section Start: New page / vertical alignment: Top
b.select Headers and Footers: Different odd and even
c.select Headers and Footers: Different first page
d.Apply to Whole document
Screenshots of the particular MS Word settings for all matters (at least the more complex ones) are provided in Appendix A.
1.2.Paragraph Settings
This is a typical first paragraph. It is flush with the left margin (which goes for the first paragraph of all sections and sub-sections as well as the first paragraph after an example which connects directly to the preceding text, such as the one following (3) above).
Subsequent paragraphs are indented. Here enter these tab specifications:
(4)
Format ( Tabs
a.Tab stop position: 0.4” & 0.8”
b.Default tab stops: 0.2”
c.Alignment: Left
d.Leader: 1 none
Please adjust your other paragraph-related settings in MS Word as follows:
(5)
Format ( Paragraph ( Indents and Spacing
a.Alignment: Justified
b.Outline Level: Body text
c.Indentation Left: 0” & Right: 0” / Special: (none)
d.Spacing Before: 0pt & After: 0pt
e.Line Spacing: Exactly 14pt
(6)Format ( Paragraph ( Line and Page Breaks
Deselect all choices.
Some parts of your contribution (whether article, brief, report, or review) require different settings. These will be dealt with in the appropriate section (e.g., footnotes, title stuff, abstract and keywords, and references).
1.3.Font and Typeface
The font throughout your contribution including all section headers (but excluding the footnotes), is Palatino in size 11pt, which can be set in Microsoft Word through Format ( Font. This font should be readily available for all word processing programs (such as WordPerfect, Apple Works, or LaTeX) and across all platforms (Mac OS, Windows, Unix, etc.).
This is the base setting, for the body of your article (beginning with the first section heading and ending with the conlusion). Again, some parts of your contribution require different settings. These will be dealt with in the appropriate section.
1.4.Special Styles
1.4.1.Title and Headings
The title should be formatted as follows: Palatino 18pt Bold with Exactly 24pt line spacing centered. Following one empty line and followed by two empty lines sees the author(s)’s name(s). All of these lines must come with Exactly 24pt line spacing centered. The author font specification is Palatino 14pt (no bold, no italics, no affiliation, or anything else, but with full first name and, if applicable, second name initials). Note also that there is no comma before the last conjunct of a co-authoring team, which connects with the ampersand & rather than a spelled out and—but there are two spaces before each conjoined name. You may just copy the format provided at the beginning of this stylesheet—this goes for all other specifications as well. (Note that we do not use predefined styles here, although this function is in principle available for MS Word.)
The base specifications for all headings in the body of the text are: Palatino 11pt with a period after each number and one tab space before the header. The remaining instructions for different level headings can be taken from this list:
(7)a.Level 1 Heading (e.g., 1.):
bold, no italic, two empty lines space above, one empty line below
b.Level 2 Heading (e.g., 1.1.):
bold, italic, one empty line space above, one empty line below
c.Level 3 Heading (e.g., 1.1.1.):
no bold, italic, one empty line space above, one empty line below
d.Level 4 Heading (e.g., 1.1.1.1.):
no bold, no italic, one empty line space above, text on the next line
e. *Don’t use any further sub-section levels!
1.4.2.Footnotes (Not Endnotes)
All notes are to be entered as footnotes on the page they are to be inserted. The text of all footnotes should be Palatino 9pt with Exactly 11pt line spacing and Hanging 0.4” indentation. The footnote number should be preceded by 4 empty spaces before the tab. All subsequent paragraphs should contain an additional tab for indentation.
As mentioned in the acknowledgement footnote, the very first footnote, if one is used (for acknowledgements and credits only) should not be marked at all. In MS Word, you thus follow these steps:
(8)Insert ( Footnote ( Custom mark
Select Symbol, then the empty box in the top left of the pop-up menu.
1.4.3.Front and Back Matters
Title and author identification was discussed above. The “abstract” to this document contains the font and spacing specifications for that part of your article. The presentation above can be adopted as is. Summarized this is:
•create the abstract as specified in our mock abstract above (font, spacing)
•add two empty lines (with the same specifications, i.e. Exactly 12pt)
•add your keywords as we did above (header, colon, tab, at most five items)
•add four empty lines (with the same specifications, i.e. Exactly 12pt)
At the end of your article, after the references, provide affiliation details: After four empty lines, please provide your details in line with the format. These back matters, including the four empty lines above your address details, should be in Palatino 10pt with Exactly 12pt line spacing.
1.4.3.Headers and Footers
For the first-page footer, please copy the Biolinguistics logo provided in this file. When preparing your contribution, please place it into the footer and align the textbox with the footer’s margins. The text is Palatino 8pt and right aligned. You can just copy or use the footer employed for this document.
All headers are followed by an empty line. The first page does not have any header, subsequent pages feature the author(s)’s name(s) with first-name initials (on even-numbered pages, the traditional “left side”) and the title of the article, without any sub-titles and shortened if necessary (on odd-numbered pages, the traditional “right side”).
The text of the headers is to be put in Palatino 10pt with Exactly 12pt line spacing. Paragraph settings should be adjusted to right alignment (even pages) and left alignment (odd pages).
Also, insert page numbers (Insert ( Page Numbers). Start with ‘1’ (default); we will add, or notify you about, the final page numbers for your contribution. Just make sure that the page number has the same font specifications as the other header text.
2.Other Particulars
2.1.Treatment of Special Words
Please mark all intended boldfacing, italics, underlining, small caps, and so on directly into your manuscript. To repeat, there is no typesetter working on your manuscript for the printer—the way you prepare your contribution (and ourt editorial team double-checks) is the way it looks in virtual, on-line publication.
Here try to use reason for when and what to boldface outside the standard used in linguistics. To this standard belong the following conventions:
•cited linguistic examples and foreign words are italicized (e.g., Sprachbund)
•translation of such foreign words is provided in single quotes (e.g., Sprache ‘language’, without commas, parentheses, or anything else)
•Latin expressions are to be italicized (pace, de re, etc.)—if in doubt, consult an authoritative dictionary
NB: The often-used ‘i.e.’ is not italicized (so as not to interrupt the text flow, since it is very common), but ‘et al.’ is (also in order to set it apart as a reference).
2.2.Usage, Punctuation, and Spelling
For now, let’s take the following non-exhaustive lists as specifications that either agree with, expand on, or supersede “official guidelines” (be it the MLA, APA, or any other association or stylistic guidebooks, such as The Chicago Manual of Style). These lists will continuously be added to, as the need arises.
As for usage, authors are strongly advised to either follow British English or American English conventions, but not to mix. Beyond this (largely differing in terms of spelling), we request punctuation to always be contained within double quotes (a convention often associated with American English). More details on spelling and punctuation can be found below.
Please use gender-inclusive language and try to avoid the use of he as a generic pronoun. Impersonal or plural constructions are preferred to singular generic pronouns. If, due to the nature of particular linguistic discussions, this is not possible, he or she (or him or her) is acceptable. Do not use expressions, such as he/she, (s)he, s/he, etc.
Single authors should use the first person singular pronoun to indicate their thoughts, beliefs, etc. (I, me, my); co-authors should use the plural form (we, us, our). It is acceptable for single authors to use the plural form, namely, when the reader is to be included for purposes of working jointly through an argument —co-authors should avoid this kind of reader-inclusion.
Concerning punctuation, please observe the following:
•foonote numbers follow all punctuation (but may be inside parentheses)
•single quotes are within, double quotes outside punctuation, for example: “This is a double quote,” read the specifications and ‘This is a single quote’.
•capitalize the first letter after a colon everywhere (in text and references)
•always place a comma before the and and or in a list of three or more items
•there are three ways of marking horizontal lines, of three varying lengths:
(i)use the short, simple hyphen ‘-‘ for standard hyphenation of all sorts
(morpho-syntax, Greek-English interlanguage, Philippaki-Warburton…)
(ii)use the medium-sized dash ‘–‘ for the minus-sign and affix-indicators
(–er, re–; for minus, compare ‘+/-‘ with ‘+/–‘—and use the latter…)
(iii)use the long bar ‘—‘ for parenthetical or pause-like “thought breaks”
(parenthetical bars are preceded and followed by an ampty space…)
Some conventions relevant to spelling include:
•abbreviations used: p. (‘page’), fn. (‘footnote’), n. (‘note’, when referring to an endnote in some source), all followed by an empty space and a number, p.c. (‘personal communication’), etc. (‘et cetera’), cf. (for ‘compare’, not ‘see’), viz. (‘that is to say’), e.g. (‘example given’, followed by a comma), i.e. (‘id est’, not followed by a comma—but the English that is is)
•use e.g., i.e., cf., etc. only in parentheses or incomplete sentential fragments that may follow a semi-colon, never in a sentence in the main text—here use the English for example, that is, compare, and so on, respectively, instead
•prefixes such as non–, pre–/post–, co–, should be hyphenated, not closed up:
non-lexical, pre-verbal, post-finite, co-occurrence
2.3.Citations and References
Biolinguistics adopts the citation or in-text reference conventions used in (among others) Linguistic Inquiry. First, works with more than two authors follow the format (e.g., Hornstein et al. for Hornstein, Nunes & Grohmann).
Second, if the in-text reference refers to the author(s), the date of the work is enclosed in parentheses, e.g.:
“Hornstein et al. (2005) argue that…”
“This problem was pointed out by Hornstein et al. (2005), who showed that…”
“If we assume, following Hornstein et al. (2005)…”
“… substantive economy, in the sense of Hornstein et al. (2005), …”
Third, if you refer to a work or if the citation is itself enclosed in parentheses, don’t add parentheses to the year, e.g.:
“see Hornstein et al. 2005”
“as argued in Hornstein et al. 2005”
“(cf. Hornstein et al. 2005)”
2.4.Appendices
All appendices must immediately precede the references. A single appendix is simply followed by a colon, two empty spaces, and the title of the Appendix (if it has one); two or more appendices are headed Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on (and also followed by a colon, two empty spaces, and their title). The appendices to this document illustrate these conventions.
Examples, tables, figures, and so on presented in an appendix should be numbered from 1 onwards and preceded by the appendix-identifier (A for single appendices and in the case of Appendix A, B for Apendix B, and so on). Again, this is illustrated in Appendix A and Appendix B below.
An appendix should follow four empty lines after the concluding text (or any other appendix); the final (or only) appendix should in turn be followed by four empty lines to the references section.
3.The Presentation of Data
3.1.Linguistic Examples
Examples look as follows:
(9)An example.
Examples are numbered consecutively, in arabic numerals. The example number is parenthesized and flush with the left margin. The example itself follows after one tab (set to 0.4” and 0.8”; cf. section 1.2). By default, there are no special typeface specifications (such as italics).
If several example structures are numbered together, use one numeral in parentheses for the entire group and specify each different structure with its own lower case letter of the alphabet. This letter is separated from the parenthesized numeral by one tab space, followed by a period and a further tab.
Grammaticality diacritics are to be put after the first tab and then moved manually to its right edge with the space bar; for example, there are 5 empty spaces for the asterisk after (10b). (These spaces differ, depending on the letter.) A typical collection of such more complex examples is provided below:
(10)a.A more complex example.
b. *An ungrammatical one.
c. ?(?)A marginal one.
d. ???A quite unacceptable one.
Non-English examples need to be glossed and translated. Glosses are to be aligned with the help of tabs as much as possible: If the distance between words/ morphemes becomes too great, use the space bar for balance. But note that the default tab setting for the entire document is rather small (0.2”), so this issue should not really arise that frequently. The glossed line should be contrasted with the foreign language original and the English translation through italics. The translation is to be put in single quotes. The forein-language example may also be introduced as below, where the italicized language name should be flush with the text—this is particularly advisable in contributions that frequently shift between languages. (An alternative is presented below.)
(11)German
Diesist eindeutschesBeispiel.
thisis a
German
example
‘This is a German example.’
Every sentential example should include English punctuation, i.e. a single period, question mark, or exclamation mark at the end and, if it’s embedded, triple periods at the beginning. (Glosses should not contain any punctuation other than parentheses if these are used in the original.) It should look something like this:
(12)
In other words…
a.… could examples look like this?
b.… examples should look like this.
c.… mark examples like this!
d. *¡and not like this!
If an article discusses more than one language other than English frequently, please head each (set of) example(s) by the language, in italics, as said above. The same convention applies to the presentation of principles, conditions, generalizations, and the like, very much as we have done with the MS Word settings discussed in (1)–(6) above.
(13)Principle of Style
Every principle is headed by its name in italics.
(14)
Style Generalization
a.Always align the example/generalization header with the content.
b.If there are lettered examples, add an additional tab to the header.
Alternatively, you may put the language name in italics, aligned and set off, if a set of examples contains data from more than one language (note also that (15b) illustrates a good use of spaces). In this case, lettered sub-examples from different languages should be separated by an empty line (see also below):
(15)a.This is an additional example.
English
b.Diesist einweiteres Beispiel.
German
thisis a
further example
‘This is an additional example.’
c.Aftoineenaallo
paradigma.
Greek
thisis
a
anotherexample
‘This is an additional example.’
In this case, please add an empty line space between lettered examples. Here, for example, the English (15a) is separated from the German (15b) by one empty line, and another empty line was added between (15b) and the Greek (15c). Note also that the three language names are aligned with respect to one another.
If any examples (data, principles, and so on) are taken from the literature, cite the source in parentheses below the example (right-aligned, and don’t forget the space between colon and page number(s)):
(16)Imagine this example was taken from the literature.
(Author Year: Page)
Biolinguistics employs a version of the “Leipzig Glossing Rules” (the full version can be found at http://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/files/morpheme.html): Affixes are separated by the medium-sized dash ‘–‘, grammatical markers are put in small caps, not full capitals (where relevant, i.e. if Case is not relevant in (15), don’t add it), and common abbreviations are used, separated by a period (no space). The gloss is italicized, original datum and translation are not. Longer examples that span across lines should be aligned left (not the usual justified) and properly aligned on the next line.
(17)German
Dies
ist
ein
etwas analysiertes Beispiel.
this.nombe.3.sg.pres a.nomsome analyzed.nom example.nom
‘This is somehwat analyzed example.’
(18)If you wonder what a longer example might look like, consider the
sentence provided here.
3.2.Tables, Figures, Diagrams, and Trees
Trees follow the numeration of linguistic examples (data, principles, etc.). Ideally, trees will be drawn with Cascadilla’s Arboreal (for Windows: Arborwin) font. But if you have your own graphics, that is fine too, as long as the final product is ready for print. All lines, arrows, and so on should be properly marked, aligned, and fit the general look (e.g., don’t make the lines too fat).
Tables and figures receive their own numeration: Table 1, Table 2… and Figure 1, Figure 2…, each time followed by a colon, two empty spaces, and a title (if desired). These identifiers are put below the table or figure. They are also put in Palatino 10pt with Exactly 12pt line spacing. The term “diagram” here refers to any material that doesn’t fit into the other three terms. These will be handled on a case-to-case basis. Please provide two empty lines above and below tables, figures, and diagrams. These empty lines should also be Exactly 12pt.
Appendix A: Screenshots for Formatting in Microsoft Word
Figure 1: Screenshot of Page Setup
Figure 2: Screenshot of Document: Margins
Figure 3: Screenshot of Document: Layout
Figure 4: Screenshot of Paragraph: Indents and Spacing
Figure 5: Screenshot of Paragraph: Line and Page Breaks
Figure 6: Screenshot of Tabs
Appendix B: Unified Style Sheet for Linguistics
This appendix is a minimally modified version of the Unified Style Sheet for Linguistics Journals, developed by a team of linguistics journals editors, which we adopt. It was first announced on Linguist List on May 3, 2007 at the URL http://linguistlist.org/issues/18/18-1332.html, and the full document itself can be found at http://linguistlist.org/pubs/tocs/JournalUnifiedStyleSheet2007.pdf. Please read and follow these instructions very carefully!
To quote: “These guidelines grew out of discussions among a group of editors of linguistics journals during 2005-2006 and were approved on January 7, 2007. They are intended as a “default, but with discretion to use common sense,” to quote David Denison on the matter.” The principles, “as elaborated primarily by Stan Dubinsky” and as we adopt for Biolinguistics in the form presented here, are the following:
B.1.Superfluous Font-Styles Should Be Omitted
Do not use small caps for author/editor names, since they do not help to distinguish these from any other bits of information in the citation. In contrast, italics are worthwhile for distinguishing volume (book, journal, dissertation) titles [+ital] from article and chapter titles [–ital].
B.2.Superfluous Punctuation Should Be Left Out
Once italic is adopted to distinguish volumes from articles/chapters (as above), then single or double quotations around article titles are superfluous and only add visual clutter.
B.3.Differing Capitalization Should Be Used to Make Category Distinctions
Use capitalization of all lexical words for journal and book/volume titles and capitalize only the first word (plus proper names and the first word after a colon) for dissertation titles as well as titles of all articles and book chapters. (NB: This is slightly different from the Unified Style Sheet for Linguistics Journals.) This is a useful diagnostic for discriminating between titles that are recurring and those that are not. The journal style for capitalization should also be applied to the title of book series. Thus, the citation of an SNLLT volume would be punctuated:
Objects and Other Subjects: Grammatical Functions, Functional Categories, and Configurationality (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 52).
B.4.All Author/Editor First Names Should Be Spelled Out
Not doing so only serves to make the citation less informative. Without full first names, the 20th century index for Language alone would conflate five different people as ‘J. Smith’, four as ‘J. Harris’, three each under ‘A. Cohen’ and ‘P. Lee’, two each under ‘R. Kent’, ‘J. Anderson’, ‘H. Klein’ and ‘J. Klein’.
B.5.The Ampersand Is Useful
Use ampersand to distinguish higher and lower order conjuncts, i.e. [W & X] and [Y & Z], as in ‘Culicover & Wilkins and Koster & May’. It is relatively easy to see that reference is made here to two pairs of authors here (cf. ‘Culicover and Wilkins and Koster and May’).
B.6.Name Repetitions Are Good
While using a line ____ may save a little space, or a few characters, it also makes each such citation referentially dependent on an antecedent, and the effort of calculating such antecedents is more than what it saved typographically. Each citation should be internally complete.
B.7.Four Digit Year plus Period Only
Extra parentheses are visual clutter and superfluous.
B.8.Commas and Periods and Other Punctuation
Separate citation components with periods (e.g., Author. Year. Title.) and sub-components with commas (e.g., Author1, Author2 & Author3). Please note the ampersand (&), rather than the word and, before the name of the last author, and no comma before &. The use of the colon between title and sub-title, as well as between place and publisher, is traditional—but we do not use it between journal volume number and page numbers.
B.9.Parentheses around ed. Makes Sense
Commas and periods should be used exclusively to separate citation components (e.g., Author. Year.), or sub-components (e.g., author1, author2 & author3). Since ed. is neither a component nor a sub-component, but a modifier of a component, it should not be separated from the name by a comma:
surname, firstname = author
surname, firstname (ed.). = editor (NOT surname, firstname, ed.)
surname, firstname & firstname surname (eds.) = editors
B.10.For Conference Proceedings, Working Papers, etc.
For conference proceedings published with an ISSN, treat the proceedings as a journal: Include both the full conference name and any commonly used acronym for the conference (BLS, WCCFL, etc.) in the journal title position. For proceedings not published with an ISSN, treat the proceedings as any other book, using the full title as listed on the front cover or title page.
If the title (and sub-title, if there is one) only includes an acronym for the conference name, expand the acronym in square brackets or parentheses following the acronym. If the title does not include an acronym which is commonly used for the conference name, include the acronym in square brackets or parentheses following the conference name. The advantage of including the acronym after the society title is that it makes the entry much more identifiable in a list of references.
B.11.Use edn. as an Abbreviation for “Edition”, thus 2nd edn.
This avoids ambiguity and confusion with “ed.” (editor).
B.12.Names with von, van, de, etc.
If the van (or de, or other patronymic) is lower case and separated from the rest by a space (e.g., Elly van Gelderen), then alphabetize by the first upper-case element:
Gelderen, Elly van
B.13.Names with Jr., IV, etc.
Following library practice, list elements such as Jr. as a sub-element after names, separated by a comma.
Smith, Sean, Jr.
B.14.Use In to Designate Chapters in Collections
This makes the book’s format maximally similar to the standard citation format. This, in turn, would be time-saving when the author or the editor notice that more than one article is cited from a given collection and hence that that book’s details should be set out as a separate entry in the references (and the full details deleted from the articles’ entries).
author. year. chaptertitle. In editorname (ed.), collectiontitle, pagenumbers. place: publisher.
B.15.Journal Volume Numbers
Unlike the original Unified Style Sheet for Linguistics Journals, we favor the convention . Thus:
22(1), 135-169.
Note the space after the comma between volume number(issue), without a space, and the printed page numbers. Special formatting (e.g., bold for volume number) is superfluous. Issue numbers are a parenthetical modifier (cf. ed. above) of the volume number. While it is not necessary information for identifying the article, it is extremely useful information.
B.16.Dissertations/Theses
These conform to the already-widespread Place: Publisher format and fit readily into the rest of the standard. Instead of archaic state abbreviations, use the official two-letter postal abbreviations. For international institutions, use the English place name, but retain the/an official name of the institution in that language.
Note that national and other traditions vary in exactly what is labeled ‘thesis’ versus ‘dissertation’ and in distinguishing ‘PhD’ from ‘doctoral’ dissertations. Some examples are:
Cambridge, MA: MIT dissertation.
Cambridge: University of Cambridge dissertation.
Berlin: Humboldt Universität dissertation.
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina MA thesis.
Geneva: Université de Genève DEA thesis.
Cologne: Universität zu Köln MA thesis.
B.17.On-Line Materials
The basic information here—author, date, title—remains the same, and the URL where the resource was found takes the place of publisher or journal.
We urge authors to include the date the material was accessed, in parentheses after the URL, since new versions often replace old ones. For a .pdf file, this would be the date of downloading, but for a resource like an on-line dictionary consulted repeatedly, a range of dates may be needed.
For additional discussion of handling online citations, authors may want to consult this guide:
Walker, Janice R. & Todd Taylor. 1998. The Columbia Guide to Online Style. New York: Columbia University Press.
B.18.Sample Entries of Linguistics Works
This list adds some details to the schematic presentation in the section References above (adapted from the Unified Style Sheet for Linguistics Journals).
Blevins, Juliette. 2004. Evolutionary Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Casali, Roderic F. 1998. Predicting ATR Activity. Chicago Linguistic Society (CLS) 34(1), 55-68.
Chomsky, Noam. 1986. Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use. New York: Praeger.
Coetsem, Frans van. 2000. A General and Unified Theory of the Transmission Process in Language Contact. Heidelberg: Winter.
Franks, Steven. 2005. Bulgarian clitics are positioned in the syntax. http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/people/homepages/franks/Bg_clitics_remark_dense.pdf (17 May 2006).
Iverson, Gregory K. 1983. Korean /s/. Journal of Phonetics 11, 191-200.
Iverson, Gregory K. 1989. On the category supralaryngeal. Phonology 6, 285-303.
Johnson, Kyle, Mark Baker & Ian Roberts. 1989. Passive arguments raised. Linguistic Inquiry 20, 219-251.
Lahiri, Aditi (ed.). 2000. Analogy, Leveling, Markedness: Principles of Change in Phonology and Morphology (Trends in Linguistics 127). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
McCarthy, John J. & Alan S. Prince. 1999. Prosodic morphology. In John A. Goldsmith (ed.), Phonological Theory: The Essential Readings, 238-288. Malden, MA & Oxford: Blackwell.
Murray, Robert W. & Theo Vennemann. 1983. Sound change and syllable structure in Germanic phonology. Language 59(3), 514-528.
Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edn. 1989. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pedersen, Johan. 2005. The Spanish impersonal se-construction: Constructional variation and change. Constructions 1, http://www.constructions-online.de (3 April 2007).
Rissanen, Matti. 1999. Syntax. In Roger Lass (ed.), Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 3, 187-331. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
Stewart, Thomas W., Jr. 2000. Mutation as morphology: Bases, stems, and shapes in Scottish Gaelic. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University dissertation.
Webelhuth, Gert (ed.). 1995. Government and Binding Theory and the Minimalist Program: Principles and Parameters in Syntactic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Yu, Alan C. L. 2003. The morphology and phonology of infixation. Berkeley, CA: University of California dissertation.
References
This is an abstract sample of what references should like. The reference section follows the main text after four empty lines, to set it apart from other sections. A more detailed set of instructions concerning references can be found in Appendix B. (Recall that appendices precede the references, again set off by four lines.)
Author, First N. Year. Dissertation title in lower case and non-italic. City (for USA, state initials after comma, e.g.: “, DC”): Name of institution followed by type of dissertation (e.g., “University of X dissertation”, “University of Y MA thesis” or “University of Z BA thesis”).
Author, First N., Second Author & Third Author. Year. Book Title in Upper Case (Possibly Series Title in Upper Case with Number, all in parentheses before period). City (for USA, state initials after comma, e.g.: “, DC”): Publisher.
Author, First N., Second Author & Third Author. Year. Edited volume article in lower case. In First Editor, Second Editor & Third Editor (eds.), Volume Title in Upper Case: First Letter of Sub-Title Capitalized Too, page-numbers. City (for USA, state initials after comma, e.g.: “, DC”): Publisher.
Author, First N., Second Author & Third Author. Year. Journal article in lower case. Journal in Fully Capitalized Volume(Issue, no space between volume and issue numbers), page-numbers.
Author, First N., Second Author & Third Author. Year. Paper presentation title. Paper presented at the Conference Name in Upper Case with All Identifying Numbers (Abbreviation in parentheses), City (for USA, state initials after comma, e.g.: “, DC”). [Venue (e.g., University), and after comma exact conference dates “Day-Day Month Year” in brackets.]
Author, First N., Second Author & Third Author. Year. Unpublished manuscript title. Ms., Institution. [http://www.URL [if available] (date last accessed in parentheses).]
Editor, First N., Second Editor & Third Editor (eds.). Year. Volume Title in Upper Case. City (for USA: State initials after comma, e.g.: “, DC”): Publisher.
First Author
Second Author
Third Author
Affiliation
Affiliation
Affiliation
Department
Department
Department
Address
Address
Address
City, State/Code
City, State/Code
City, State/Code
Country
Country
Country
Kleanthes K. Grohmann
University of Cyprus
Department of English Studies
P.O. Box 20537
1678 Nicosia
Cyprus
(The first footnote is exclusively reserved for acknowledgements and other credits. It should not have any symbol as footnote indicator—neither after the title, nor in the footnote itself. All other specifications for the formatting of footnotes can be found in section 1.4.2.
As the journal editor, I am grateful to the members of the Biolinguistics Associate Board, Editorial Board, and Task Team for making the journal such as success through our joined continued efforts.
�This is an example: Four empty spaces, then footnote identifier, then tab.
Subsequent paragraphs are indented by an additional tab space.
Biolinguistics 12: xxx–xxx, 2018
ISSN 1450–3417
http://www.biolinguistics.eu