This India Paper by The Institution of Engineers (India) titled “Towards Sustainable Infrastructure Development-Inclusiveness in Indian Projects” was presented at the Federation of Engineering Institutions of Asia and the Pacific (FEIAP) and ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations (AFEO) FEIAP-AFEO Workshop on "Green Design & Sustainable Construction-IES Green Building" at Yangon, Myanmar on 10 November 2014

Er. Ashok Kumar Basa, FIE President

and Dr. L V Muralikrishna Reddy, FIE, IntPE

Vice President and President-Elect The Institution of Engineers (India)

Towards Sustainable Infrastructure Development –

Inclusiveness in Indian Projects

Er. Ashok Kumar Basa, FIE President

and Dr. L V Muralikrishna Reddy, FIE, IntPE

Vice President and President-Elect The Institution of Engineers (India)

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Presentation Outline

FEIAP Workshop and IEI Promoting Sustainability

Sustainable Design and Impacts

Indian Initiatives

Sustainable standards and Green Ratings

Green Products and Materials

Case Study – ‘Green Highway ‘ What makes a Highway Green ?

Conclusion

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FEIAP Workshop

Myanmar Engineering Society (MES)

FEIAP promotes the application of technical progress to economic and social advancement; and advance engineering as a profession in the interest of all people

FEIAP Member Nations: Australia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Mauritius, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Myanmar, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Peru, Timor Leste, and USA

FEIAP Green Design Workshop; Standing Committee on Environmental Engineering; Green and Sustainable Design and Construction for Infrastructure and Buildings

23rd FEIAP General Assembly / ENSC / EESC / ICTSC / NDSWG

World Engineering Summit / WFEO; IEI: Exchange and Transfer of Contemporary Technologies

FEIPA is an effective platform for networking and collaboration for common problems of Engineers and Society

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Professionals – Academia – Industry - Government

The Institution of Engineers (India)

Largest Multidisciplinary Professional Body with 15 Engineering Divisions and 6 Interdisciplinary Fora

Professional Body of Engineers participating in Engineering Advancement for Nation Building over 95 Years

Incorporated by the Royal Charter in 1935; 7.6 Lakhs of Members; 104 Centres in India and Abroad; 1000+ Student and Technician Chapters; International Bilateral Agreements

Promotes Engineering Activities for Social Impact: Research and Development; Engineering Education & Accreditation; Certification of Engineering Professionals; Institutional Collaboration

Sustainable Development Forum; The Sustainability Platform; Sustainability in Multidisciplinary Engineering; Safety and Quality; Water Management; Green Skills Development and Education

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IEI Promoting Sustainability

The Sustainability Platform (TSP) : • Consortium of Govt./Industry/Academia/R&D Organization • An NDRF-IEI Initiative • Promotes Green Growth, Green Jobs; Green Campuses; Cleantech Research

Engineering Staff College of India (ESCI): Continuing Professional Development Programmes: Centre for Climate Change; CDM; Low Carbon Economy; Green House Accounting ; Natural Resource Management; Green Buildings; Sustainability Reporting

Sustainable Development Forum (SDF): Education and awareness-building; Seminars/Lecture Meetings/Interaction Sessions

Indian Sustainable Congress • NDRF/IEI/FEE/KSC • A FlagShip Event • Workshops on Life Cycle Assessment/Cleantech • ITC 2014: 400 Participants/100 Technical Presentations

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Adopting Clean Technologies

Water – Energy – Waste - Culture

4000+ Engineering Campuses

Pilot Projects/Awareness Programs/Research Initiative

Greening IEI Centres and Retrofitting

Sustainable Campus Programme

Capacity Building

Demonstration of Technology

Reorienting Engineering Curricula

Upskilling and

Retraining

Sustainability in Multidisciplinary Engineering

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IEI’s Sustainability

IEI Green Technology Waste to Wealth Water & Sewage Management

Technologies for Mitigation of Climate Change Impact Remote Sensing & GIS for Land and Water Resources Management Clean Development Mechanism

Sustainable Rural and Urban Development Energy (Conventional and Alternative Energy Resources - Solar PV, Wind, Fuel Cells, Nuclear, Hybrid, other Energy Sources, Energy storage) Sustainable Water Infrastructure Management

Water and Health Civil infrastructure Systems, which includes transportation engineering Structural engineering and solid mechanics; and materials, construction and pavement engineering

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Something for the Engineers to Think About…

“How can the present generation meet its needs in ways that are not only

economically viable, environmentally sound and socially equitable but that

also allow future generations to do the same?”

United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (The

Brundtland Commission), Our Common Future, 1987

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Life Cycle Assessment

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Sustainable Infrastructure Collaboration

Sustainable Strategies:

Green Options

Buildings, Roads

Water

Energy & Power

Waste Management

ICT/E-Governance

GIS/GPS

Training and Skill Development-”Green Jobs”

Environmental Sustainability

Social Justice

Economic/Financial Sustainability

Global Sustainability Issues impact all Societies and Enterprise Across the World

Resources & Materials

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Organizations Working on Sustainable Development in India-Industry

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Indian Initiatives to Promote Sustainable Development

National Action Plan on Climate Change: Eight missions of NAPCC that focus on solar energy, energy efficiency, sustainable habitat, water, sustaining the Himalayan eco-system, Green India, sustainable agriculture and strategic knowledge for climate care

Energy Conservation Building Code

National Environmental Policy -Ministry of Environment and Forests, Environmental Impact Assessment and Clearance

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy initiatives

• Grid Interactive Renewable Power-Solar power, Wind power, Biomass power /Bagasse Cogeneration, Small hydro power

• Decentralised Solar Energy Systems

• Rural Electrification through Renewable Energy

• Green Buildings

National Disaster Management Policy

National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy

National Urban Transport Policy

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Auto Fuel Policy

Energy Labelling of Appliances

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Measuring Green: Design Standards

National Building Code of India, 2005

Energy Conservation Building Code, 2007

GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment), the national rating system for Green Buildings in India

International Energy Conservation Code

LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) Green Building Standards

IGBC Green Homes Version 2: For rating new residential buildings, such as Individual homes, Gated communities and High rise residential apartments, etc.

IGBC Green Factory Building: For new & existing factory buildings, such as manufacturing facilities, etc.

IGBC Green SEZs: For Special Economic Zones (SEZ)

IGBC Green Townships: For rating integrated township developments

LEED 2011 for India-New Construction: For those buildings where the design and operation is fully in the scope and control of owner or the developer, such as, Corporate office, Institutional building, etc.

LEED 2011 for India-Core & Shell

Platinum Global Leadership <6.8%

Gold National Excellence <2.2%

Silver Outstanding Performance <2%

Best Practices Certified <0.66%

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Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)...

LEED Credit Categories: Sustainable Architecture and Design

Site Selection and Planning

Water Conservation

Energy Efficiency

Building Materials and Resources

Indoor Environment Quality

Innovation and Development

Premium for LEED Projects: 2-15%, with the high end including a lot of on-site renewable energy generation Ref: IGBC Annual Review 2013-14

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...Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

Standards and Reference Guides Developed:

IGBC Green New Buildings Rating System (Version 3.0)

IGBC Green EB O&M Rating System (Pilot Version)

IGBC Green Homes Rating System (Version 2.0)

IGBC Green Factory Building Rating System (Pilot Version)

IGBC Green Factory Building (Addenda, August 2011)

IGBC Green Townships Rating System (Pilot Version)

IGBC Green SEZ Rating System (Pilot Version)

IGBC Green Landscape Rating System (Pilot Version)

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Standards and Reference Guides Developed:

...Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

Source: Wikipedia Commons

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Famous Green Buildings in India

Bagmane WTC, Bangalore IGBC LEED Rating: LEED Gold

GRIHA Rating: NA

Suzlon One Earth, Pune IGBC LEED Rating: LEED Gold

GRIHA Rating: GRIHA 5 star

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BCIL T-Zed Homes, Bangalore IGBC LEED Rating: LEED Gold

GRIHA Rating: NA

Rail Nirman Nilayam, Hyderabad IGBC LEED Rating: LEED Gold GRIHA Rating: GRIHA 3 star

Famous Green Buildings in India

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CII-Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad IGBC LEED Rating: LEED Platinum

GRIHA Rating: NA

Fortis Hospital, New Delhi IGBC LEED Rating: LEED Gold GRIHA Rating: GRIHA 3 star

Famous Green Buildings in India

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Bureau of Indian Standards

Site planning

Building envelope design

Building system design ((HVAC) heating ventilation and air conditioning, lighting, electrical, and water heating)

Integration of renewable energy sources to generate energy onsite.

Water and waste management

Selection of ecologically sustainable materials (with high recycled content, renewable resources with low emission potential, etc.)

Indoor environmental quality (maintain indoor thermal and visual comfort, and air quality)

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has prepared the National Building Code of India, 2005 to regulate the building construction activities across the country. BIS has taken the initiative through the NBC 2005 Part 11 Approach to Sustainability

The following aspects of the building design are looked into in an integrated approach:

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Bureau of Indian Standards- IEI Representation…

Member, BIS: President, IEI

Civil engineering Divisional Council (CEDC)

Cement & Concrete Sectional Committee (CED 2)

Building Lime & Gypsum Sectional Committee (CED 4)

Flooring, Wall Furnishing & Roofing Sectional Committee (CED 5)

Structural Engineering and Structural Sections Sectional Committee (CED 7)

Functional Requirements in Buildings Sectional Committee (CED 12)

Building Construction Practice including Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishers Sectional Committee (CED 13)

Public Health Engineering Sectional Committee (CED 24)

Construction Management (including Safety in Construction) Sectional Committee (CED 29)

Structural Safety Sectional Committee (CED 37)

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…Bureau of Indian Standards- IEI Representation

Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee (CED 39)

Earthquake Resistant Construction Sub Committee (CED 39:1)

National Building Code, Sectional Committee, CED 46

Panel for Soils & Foundations (CED 46:P5)

Panel for Masonry (CED 46:P7)

Panel for Plain, Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete (CED 46:P8)

Panel for Steel (CED 46:P9)

Panel for Prefabrication and Systems Building (CED 46:P10)

Panel for Constructional Practices and Safety (CED 46:P11)

Panel for Lighting and Ventilation (CED46:P12)

Panel for Sustainability (CED 46 : P19)

Planning, Housing and Prefabricated Construction Sectional Committee (CED 51)

Cyclone Resistant Structures Sectional Committee (CED 57)

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Standards

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) was launched in May 2007 The ECBC sets minimum energy standards for new commercial Buildings having a connected load of 100kW or contract demand of 120kVA

BEE is promoting the implementation of energy efficiency measures in existing buildings through Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) which provide an innovative business model through which the energy-saving potential in existing building can be captured and the risk faced by building owner can also be addressed

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Standards

http://www.nrdc.org/international/india/files/energy-efficient-construction-incentives-IB.pdf

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Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

SVAGRIHA (Small Versatile Affordable GRIHA). SVAGRIHA is a significantly simplified, faster, easier and more affordable rating system and will eventually function as a design-cum-rating tool. SVAGRIHA is applicable only for projects which are less than 2500 sq m built-up area. Any building, except for a factory building is accepted under the SVAGRIHA rating system

GRIHA rating system consists of 34 criteria categorized under various sections such as Site Selection and Site Planning, Conservation and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Building Operation and Maintenance, and Innovation points

Standards Developed:

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Government of India Programs to Promote Sustainable Development

Source: Compiled from Economic Survey and Union Budget documents (various issues)

Emphasis on Sustainable Development and Economic Growth Without Compromising Environmental Safety

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

National Afforestation Programme

National Mission for a Green India

Mission Clean Ganga Initiative

Integrated Watershed Management Programme

National Action Plan on Climate Change

Provision for Urban Amenities in Rural Areas

Renewable Energy for Rural Applications

Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial and Commercial Applications

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Programme

Forest Conservation, Development and Regeneration Programme

National Afforestation and Eco-development Programme

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Indian Smart Cities Programme…

Government of India Initiative: 100 Smart Cities-Satellite towns of larger cities, and by modernizing the existing mid-sized cities • These Cities would be built with the latest technology and

would have contemporary infrastructure • Budget: Rs. 70 Billion (USD 1.2 Billion) • Data from Sensors(Utilities-Electricity, Water, Gas), Traffic and

G2C will be compiled, integrated into a smart grid for analytics

and informed decision-making (balancing supply and demand on utilities’ networks, optimizing energy networks and synchronized traffic signals)

• Locations: Cities along Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Master Plan, Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor, Ponneri(Tamil Nadu), Krishnapatnam(Andhra Pradesh), Tumkur(Karnataka)

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…Indian Smart Cities Programme

Projects Underway: Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR) and Gujarat International Financial Tec (GIFT) City

Dholera SIR : Ideally located, widely connected... • Total Area: 920 Sq. km • Developable Area: 567.39 Sq. Km • High Access Corridor: City Center,

Industrial, Logistic, Knowledge & IT, Recreation & Sports, Entertainment

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“Green” Material for Constructing Roads

Geosynthetics (geotextiles, geogrids, geocells etc.)

Ref: http://cistup.iisc.ernet.in/workshop%20on%20pavement/presentations/P4.pdf

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“Green” Products for Energy and Lighting

www.businessgreen.com www.inhabitat.com www.ecofriend.com

www.greenbrilliance.com

MOTION SENSORS & DIMMERS

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“Green” Products for Water Management

www.createrrasolutions.com

www.envirosafesolutions.com.au

www.ecofriend.com www.ferguson.com

www.recycleworks.org

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“Green” Products for Construction

www.sciencedaily.com

NEW Gyproc ActivAir Plasterboard www.jpcorry.wordpress.com

www.drightsource.com www.mto.gov.on.ca

Google Image

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“Green” Products for Waste Management

www.bizenergy.ca

Google Image

www.bioaquainc.net

www.gnequipment.com 3renvirotech.com Google Image

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> The integration of transportation functionality and ecological sustainability is what makes a Highway Green.

> Green Highway meets transportation requirements and applies environmental streamlining and stewardship so both are better than before into all aspects of the highway lifecycle.

CASE STUDY ‘Green Highway' What Makes a Highway Green?

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> Green Highways are defined by effort to leave the project area better than before through community partnering, environmental stewardship, and transportation network improvement in safety and functionality.

> Sustainability is a practical goal that addresses each of these issues.

Definition of Green Highway*

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Expected contributions of Green Highway include:-

> Reduce energy use

> Mitigate environmental burden

> Promote human health and safety

> Preserve natural resources

> Minimizing Wastages and Landfill

EXPECTATIONS

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Provide a net increase in environmental functions and values of a watershed.

> Map all resources in the area in order to avoid, identify, and protect critical resource areas.

> Use innovative, natural methods to reduce imperviousness, and cleanse all runoff within the project area.

> Encourage smart growth by integrating and guiding future growth and capacity building with ecological constraints.

> Protect the hydrology of wetlands and streams channels through restoration of natural drainage paths.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEN HIGHWAY

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> The difference between a green highway and a traditional highway starts at planning.

> The scope of the Green Highway planning is expansive.

> It incorporates every perspective that will be impacted by the construction of a highway.

GREEN V/S TRADITIONAL HIGHWAYS

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The major steps of a Green Highway process are:-

> Planning & Preliminary Design

> Final Design and Construction

> Operation & Maintenance

Building a Green Highway

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> Monitor Monitoring of plantation growth & implement techniques to increase the severity of plantations and survival ratio.

> Monitoring ambient air quality & noise quality after construction.

> The typical vehicles plying on the highway viz. S.T. buses, trucks, multi-axle vehicles etc. can be assessed for their life maintenance, fuel consumptions, travel life (in kms.) etc. so as to estimate the GHG emission by transportation system as a whole & methodology to reduce down the same and shrinking the related carbon footprints. The goal of sustainable transportation is to protect the environment & conserve natural resources while taking into consideration social need and cost- benefit ratio.

> Monitoring & minimizing highway accidents.

Green Highway Considerations During Maintenance Stage

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> Incorporation of sustainable elements into its transportation projects design for years.

> Implementation of Storm water Management.

> Encouraging the use of recycled and reclaimed materials on construction projects.

> Also implement and promotes the latest technologies such as soil stabilization, Micro surfacing, Production of Warm Mix Asphalt etc. which are environmentally friendly.

Actions

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> Substantially increases the soil strength over 300%.

> Stabilized Base has tensile strength, yet flexible.

> Road can be designed with reduced Bituminous and Base Layers.

> Reduction in Quarry/ Mining is Substantial – Less Aggregate.

> Reduction in Layers - reduction in Construction time by 50%.

> Resulting in Lower Costs – Less equipment wear & tear.

> Less Carbon emission and Environmental friendly.

> Stabilization process simple- No additional steps or construction equipment required.

Stabilization – Soil i.e. Subgrade & Base Layer

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Trial At Dhankuni Kharagpur Project (NH 06) in the state of West Bengal

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Typical recycled / reclaimed materials used on our construction projects include:

> Reclaimed Asphalt pavement (RAP) – Incorporation of Milled material into various layer of pavement.

> Fly Ash – Dhankuni Kharagpur project, NH 06.

> Recycling of Asphalt pavement - Recycling is one of several rehabilitation alternatives.

> Use of Crumb Rubber in modification of bitumen.

ACTIONS

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>Rain water Harvesting is one of the important aspects of Green Highway to mitigate the scarcity of water.

>Evolve vertical well or recharge well by harvesting i.e. holding and

treating the runoff water within ROW. >Western practice – Bioretention, wetlands, natural wild life crossing,

forest buffers.

Storm Water Management

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>Reduced cost of construction.

>Conservation of aggregate and binders.

>Preservation of existing pavement geometrics.

>Preservation of environment.

>Conservation of energy.

Future of Pavement Recycling

>Increased reuse of materials.

>Landfills becoming more and more scarce.

>The same pavement can be recycled over and over again.

Advantages of Pavement Recycling

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Milling Bituminous pavement to reclaimed the bituminous mix

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> Bituminous concrete mixes produced and placed at lower temperatures (20 deg to 30 deg) than conventional hot mix asphalt concrete.

Advantages

> Reduce production and laydown temperatures.

> Reduce emissions.

> Reduce energy costs.

> Reduce aging of binder.

> Other Possible Benefits.:

– Cool weather paving (extend season).

– Compaction aid for stiff mixes.

Warm Mix Asphalt

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1. Chemical binder additives 2. Chemical mixture additives 3. Foaming admixtures 4. Plant modifications/foaming

Chemical binder additives:

>Cecabase RT

>Evotherm

>Rediset WMX

>REVIX

Foaming admixtures:

>Low Energy Asphalt

>Advera

>Aspha-Min

Chemical mixture additives:

>Asphaltan

>Sasobit

Plant modification:

>Double-Barrel Green System

>Terex WMA System

>WAM-Foam

Warm Mix Asphalt Approaches

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Trial At Dhankuni Kharagpur Project (NH 06) in the state of West Bengal

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> One of the most versatile tool for the maintenance of Highway.

> Microsurfacing is an asphalt mix (6-8 mm thick) of well graded fine aggregates, mineral filler, emulsified polymer modified asphalt, chemical additive water etc.

> Microsurfacing is cold mix process which does not require compaction being in slurry form. Moreover the traffic can be allowed on the newly laid microsurfacing surface within 2 hrs. The speed of laying is also 3 to 4 km per day (Single lane) which avoid the critical traffic control for long duration.

> It is applied in the entire surface of the pavement, covering all the cracks and small defects and producing a skid resistant, durable, attractive black and waterproof surface.

Microsurfacing

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Traffic movement during application of Micro surfacing

Finished Surface

Microsurfacing

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By encouraging sustainable transportation project design,

>Conserve our natural resources.

>Enhance quality of our lives.

>Reaffirm our commitment to future generation.

Intent

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• Green Road Rating System through certification like Green Building Rating System.

Future Scope

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Conclusion

Sustainable Development is an interdisciplinary approach to meet human needs optimally using the finite natural resources; and facilitate the transfer of these resources to the future generations

There is an immense and urgent need to integrate the current knowledge across multiple disciplines, contemporary innovations, and expertise of all stakeholders in a collaborative approach to address this complex issue, and arrive at feasible solutions

Sustainable Development will Facilitate • New Jobs • New Economies • Good Health for Citizens • Clean, Healthy, and Safe

Environment for the Future Generations

• Sustainable Lifestyles

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Acknowledgement

We are thankful to National Design & Research Forum (NDRF) for availing us the detailed information in preparation of this presentation. Shri Sanjay Londhe of Ashoka Buildcon Groups deserves special thanks for sharing this details of the case study. We acknowledge all the resources whose names are not mentioned which is purely unintentional.

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