third quarter 2015 earnings review - california resources … · 2015. 11. 5. · sn, tplm, wti,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Third Quarter 2015
Earnings ReviewTodd Stevens| President & CEO
Mark Smith | Sr. EVP & CFO | Los Angeles, CA| November 5, 2015
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3Q15 Earnings
Forward-Looking / Cautionary StatementsThis presentation contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could materially affect our expected results of operations, liquidity, cash flows and business prospects. Such statements specifically include our expectations as to our future financial position, drilling program, production, projected costs, future operations, hedging activities, future transactions, planned capital investments and other guidance included in this presentation. Actual results may differ from anticipated results, sometimes materially, and reported results should not be considered an indication of future performance. For any such forward-looking statement that includes a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying such forward-looking statement, we caution that, while we believe such assumptions or bases to be reasonable and make them in good faith, assumed facts or bases almost always vary from actual results, sometimes materially. Factors (but not necessarily all the factors) that could cause results to differ include: commodity price fluctuations; the effect of our debt on our financial flexibility; sufficiency of our operating cash flow to fund planned capital expenditures; the ability to obtain government permits and approvals; effectiveness our capital investments; our ability to monetize selected assets; restrictions and changes in restrictions imposed by regulations including those related to our ability to obtain, use, manage or dispose of water or use advanced well stimulation techniques like hydraulic fracturing; risks of drilling; tax law changes; competition with larger, better funded competitors for and costs of oilfield equipment, services, qualified personnel and acquisitions; the subjective nature of estimates of proved reserves and related future net cash flows; restriction of operations to, and concentration of exposure to events such as industrial accidents, natural disasters and labor difficulties in, California; limitations on our ability to enter efficient hedging transactions; the recoverability of resources; concerns about climate change and air quality issues; lower-than-expected production from development projects or acquisitions; catastrophic events for which we may be uninsured or underinsured; the effects of litigation; cyber attacks; operational issues that restrict market access; and uncertainties related to the spin-off, the agreements related thereto and the anticipated effects of restructuring or reorganizing our business. Material risks are further discussed in “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K available on our website at crc.com. Words such as "aim," "anticipate," "believe," "budget," "continue," "could," "effort," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "goal," "guidance," "intend," "likely," "may," "might," "objective," "outlook," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "seek," "should," "target, "will" or "would" “or similar expressions that convey the prospective nature of events or outcomes generally indicate forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made and the Company undertakes no obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.Some of the data in this presentation is from external sources as noted. While we believe it is accurate, we have not independently verified the data and do not represent or warrant that it is accurate, complete or reliable. This presentation includes financial measures that are not in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including PV-10 and adjusted EBITDAX. While management believes that such measures are useful for investors, they should not be used as a replacement for financial measures that are in accordance with GAAP. For a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDAX to the nearest comparable measure in accordance with GAAP, please see the Appendix.
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3Q15 Earnings
World Class Resource Base
• Interests in 4 of the 12 largest fields in the lower 48 states
• 768 MMBoe proved reserves (12/31/2014)
• Largest producer in California on a gross operated basis with significant exploration and development potential
California Heritage
• Strong track record of operations since 1950s
• Longstanding community and state relationships
• Actively involved in communities with CRC operations
Management Expertise
• Successful operations exclusively in California
• Assembled largest privately-held land position in California
• Operator of choice in sensitive environments
Portfolio of Lower-Risk, High-Growth Opportunities
• Oil weighted reserves
• Broad exploration and development program
• 30%-100%+ rates of return on select individual projects
Shareholder Value Focus
• Internally funded capital expenditure program
• Optimized capital allocation
• Unlocking under-exploited resource potential utilizing modern technology
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3Q15 Earnings4
Management Priorities and Response
1. Address Balance Sheet
2. Adjust Activity Levels for Current
Environment
• Live within means and bring
capital investments in line with
projected cash flow
3. Focusing on base production and
protecting our margins
4. Right-size costs for the current
operating environment
Narrowed discussions with leading counter-
parties on preferred transactions and in
detailed discussions. Paid down $109
million of debt.
Balanced 15YTD cash flows of $412
million with capital investment of $323
million.
Achieved 15YTD production target with less
than expected capital investment
Delivered average 3Q15 oil production of
103,000 bbls/day, up 3% yoy period and
higher than the FY 2014 average of 99,000
bbls/day
Focused on costs. Total cash costs on a
per boe basis excluding interest expense
declined ~4% in 3Q15 vs 3Q14
• Op Cash costs down to $16.91/boe for
3Q15, compared to $18.35/Boe in 3Q14
• G&A reduction
Priorities Execution
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3Q15 Earnings5
631
180
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
3Q14 Volume Price Costs Interest Tax Working
Capital and
Other
3Q15
$ M
M
Op
era
tin
g C
ash
Flo
wCRC Executing on Controllables
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3Q15 Earnings6
Best in Class Corporate Decline Rate
Unlabeled operators include : AMXG, AREX, BBG, BCEI, CLR, CPE, CRK, CWEI, CXO, EGN, EOG, EPE, EXXI, FANG, GDP, HK, JONE, LPI, MPO, NFX, OAS, PDCE, PE, PVA, PXD, ROSE, RSPP, SFY, SM,
SN, TPLM, WTI, XEC
Source: ITG IR, raw data provided by Drilling Info, Inc.
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3Q15 Earnings7
Capital Allocation Approach
• Portfolio Management since spin-off
• Three principal drivers:
o Maximize long-term value – VCI > 1.3
o Oil production growth
o Financial discipline – self-funding business
• Results in combination of projects that provide quick payback (workovers),
longer term value / future growth (steamfloods/waterfloods) and high IP’s
(conventional/tight sands/unconventional).
PV10 pre-tax cash flows
PV10 of investmentsVCI =
Value Creation Index
Measures value created per dollar investment (“Bang for the buck”)
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3Q15 Earnings8
• Capital associated with currently identified projects delivering VCI >1.3*
• Current average well cost ~$1.1 MM
• Multi-year inventory allows maintenance of flat production at different points in the price curve
Flexible High Return Inventory
Pace – Rigs/Year Years of Inventory
3 11.1 21.4 24.0 37.1
5 6.7 12.8 14.4 22.2
7 4.8 9.2 10.3 15.9
10 3.3 6.4 7.2 11.1
*Does not include injectors**Strip as of 11/3/15
$0.0
$1.0
$2.0
$3.0
$4.0
$5.0
$6.0
$7.0
55 Strip** 65 75
Dri
llin
g C
apit
al (
$B
n)
Actionable Inventory at Various Price Levels
Workover
Waterflood
Unconventional
Steamflood
Primary
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3Q15 Earnings
Progressing Inventory to VCI Threshold
9
GREATER ELK HILLS AREA INVENTORY OF POTENTIAL PROJECTS 2016 -2020 VCI >= 1.0 VCI >= 1.3
Plan Year 2016 to 2020 Plan Year 2016 to 2020
Recovery Mechanism
Prod Drill
Count
Inj Drill
Count WO Count Net Capex $MM Recovery Mechanism
Prod Drill
Count
Inj Drill
Count
WO
Count
Net Capex
$MM
Conventional 176 0 38 103 Conventional 0 0 38 11
Unconventional 171 0 129 457 Unconventional 10 0 125 82
Waterflood 65 29 152 154 Waterflood 41 23 146 126
Grand Total 412 29 319 714 Grand Total 51 23 309 219
Recovery Mechanism
Prod Drill
Count
Inj Drill
Count WO Count Net Capex $MM Recovery Mechanism
Prod Drill
Count
Inj Drill
Count
WO
Count
Net Capex
$MM
Conventional 176 0 38 103 Conventional 164 0 38 100
Unconventional 198 0 129 514 Unconventional 25 0 129 116
Waterflood 209 32 155 252 Waterflood 65 29 152 154
Grand Total 583 32 322 869 Grand Total 254 29 319 370
Recovery Mechanism
Prod Drill
Count
Inj Drill
Count WO Count Net Capex $MM Recovery Mechanism
Prod Drill
Count
Inj Drill
Count
WO
Count
Net Capex
$MM
Conventional 443 0 39 386 Conventional 164 0 38 100
Unconventional 223 0 129 573 Unconventional 89 0 129 273
Waterflood 209 40 185 264 Waterflood 66 29 155 157
Grand Total 875 40 353 1,223 Grand Total 319 29 322 530
@ $50 Oil, $3.00 Gas ($3.50 Gas for >= 2017) @ $50 Oil, $3.00 Gas ($3.50 Gas for >= 2017)
@ $60 Oil, $3.00 Gas ($3.50 Gas for >= 2017) @ $60 Oil, $3.00 Gas ($3.50 Gas for >= 2017)
@ $70 Oil, $3.00 Gas ($3.50 Gas for >= 2017) @ $70 Oil, $3.00 Gas ($3.50 Gas for >= 2017)
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3Q15 Earnings
Primary$409%
Exploration$153%
Waterfloods$17540%
Steamfloods$15535%
Unconventional$358%
Other$205%
Focus on steamflood and waterflood
projects, which provide:
Attractive returns at current prices
Lower base decline and risk profile
Oilier, higher margin production
mix
Expect slightly higher crude oil
production in 2015 vs. 2014; and
relatively flat overall production on
a BOE basis
2015 Capital Budget ($MM)– By Drive
Drilling$150 34%
Workover$50 11%
Development Facilities
$130 30%
Exploration$15 3%
Other$95 22%
2015 Total Capital Budget
Total: $440 million
1Other includes seismic, maintenance and other investments.
1
Targeting Higher-Margin, Higher Return, Low Decline Crude Oil Projects
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3Q15 Earnings11
• We have assessed various deleveraging alternatives and are
taking decisive steps to delever the balance sheet
Deleveraging Options
UPSTREAM
• JV
• M&A
MIDSTREAM
• MLP
• Drop into Existing MLP
• Sale
• Triple Net Lease
CAPITAL MARKETS
AVAILABLE ASSETS
• 14 Gas Plants with 650 MMcfd Capacity
• Elk Hills has largest Gas Plant Complex in CA
• 300 Compressors / Stations with 395,000 HP
of Compression
• 600 MW Electrical Generation with 700 miles
of High Voltage Transmission Lines
• 305 Tank Settings / LACT / Sales Facilities
• 74 Water Plants / Treatment Facilities
• 50 Steam Generators with 220,000 Bbl Steam
Capacity
• ~20,000 Miles of Pipelines
AVAILABLE ASSETS
• 2.3 Million Acres
• ~60% of Land held in Fee
• Large Economic Development
Project Inventory
• Seismic
• Robust Exploration Portfolio
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3Q15 Earnings12
Living Within Cash Flow
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1Q15 2Q15 3Q15
$ M
M
Adj. EBITDAX* Operating Cash Flow Capital Investment
* See Appendix for reconciliations to GAAP
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3Q15 Earnings13
Defending Margins Through Efficiencies and
Focus on Cash Costs
3Q15 production costs were approximately 8% lower year over year. Lower
third quarter costs reflected cost reductions across the board, particularly in
well servicing efficiency, surface operations and energy use and were also
aided by lower natural gas and power prices.
$4.97 $5.00 $5.28 $5.57 $5.09 $5.13 $4.61
$3.74 $3.88 $3.79 $3.55 $3.65 $3.63 $2.89
$19.00 $19.03 $18.35 $16.65 $16.20 $16.59 $16.91
$2.23 $1.06 $1.69 $4.49$1.11 $0.52 $0.34
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
$35.00
1Q14 2Q14 3Q14 4Q14 1Q15 2Q15 3Q15 4Q15E
Cash Costs $/Boe
Adj G&A* Taxes (non income) Production Costs Exploration Guidance
2014 Average = $29.572015E Average = $25.51
* Adjusted G&A expenses exclude early retirement and severance costs which amounted to $10 million in 2Q15 and $62 million in 3Q15.
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3Q15 Earnings
Focus on Oil Enhances Base & Margins
1Q14 2Q14 3Q14 4Q14 1Q15 2Q15 3Q15 4Q15E FY 2014 FY 2015E
Production By Stream (MBoe/d)
Oil NGL Gas Guidance
Average Total Production
159 Mboe/d
Average Oil Production
99 MBbl/d
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3Q15 Earnings
3Q15 Results Summary Comparison
15
3Q14 2Q15 3Q15
Adjusted EPS* $0.48 ($0.13) ($0.22)
Oil Production 100 MBbl/d 104 MBbl/d 103 MBbl/d
Total Production 160 MBoe/d 161 MBoe/d 158 MBoe/d
Realized Oil Price w/hedge ($/Bbl) $96.27 $56.73 $47.79
Realized NGL Price ($/Bbl) $47.20 $20.47 $16.92
Realized Natural Gas Price ($/Mcf) $4.24 $2.49 $2.83
Adjusted EBITDAX* $662 mm $270 mm $212 mm
Capital Investments $566 mm $95 mm $95 mm
Cash Flow from Operations $631 mm $117 mm $180 mm
* See Appendix for reconciliations to GAAP
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3Q15 Earnings
$95.12 $94.21 $97.97 $93.00
$51.00
$103.80 $104.02 $104.16
$92.30
$50.28
$110.90 $111.70 $108.76
$99.51
$56.61
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
$120
2011 2012 2013 2014 YTD 3Q15
$/B
bl
WTI Realizations Brent
$4.11
$2.81
$3.66
$4.39
$2.86
$4.31
$2.94
$3.73
$4.34
$2.72
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 YTD 3Q15
$/M
cf
NYMEX Realizations
NGL Price Realization - % of WTI
Realization % of WTI
109% 110% 106 % 99% 97% Realization % of NYMEX
105% 105 % 102 % 101% 92%
Oil Price Realization* Gas Price Realization
• Several discrete events in California in 1H
contributed to widening differentials
• Realizations have gradually improved since
Q1
74%
56%51% 51%
39%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2011 2012 2013 2014 YTD 3Q15
% o
f W
TICRC – Price Realizations
16
* Reflects realizations with hedges
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3Q15 Earnings
160,000158,000
+3,000 -4,000
-1,000
140,000
145,000
150,000
155,000
160,000
165,000
3Q14 Oil Gas NGL 3Q15
Boe/d
Strong Oil Volumes Drive Quarterly Production
17
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3Q15 Earnings
Cost Variance
18
3Q14 2Q15 3Q15
Production costs($/Boe)
$18.35 $16.59 $16.91
Taxes other than on income ($MM)
$56 $53 $42
Exploration expense ($MM)
$25 $7 $5
Interest expense($MM)
NA $83 $82
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3Q15 Earnings
Capex Reduction
2014 Actual 2015 Actual Q4 Expected
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Rigs 28 25 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Quarterly
Operations
CAPEX,
$mm
$520 $133 $95 $95 $90-100*
• Focus on investing within expected cash flows despite availability of additional
investment opportunities that are economic at current strip prices
* Fourth Quarter 2015 Guidance
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3Q15 Earnings20
Opportunistically Built Hedge Portfolio
• Hedge book started at zero post spin target hedges on 50% of production
• Strategy focuses on protecting cash flow for capital investments and covenant compliance
• Hedge transactions completed with multiple counterparties
• We also have natural gas hedges in place for 4Q15 for 40,000 MMBtu/d at $3.01 per MMBtu as well as a collar
transaction for 20,000 MMBtu/d with a weighted average floor of $2.80 per MMBtu and a ceiling of $3.17 per
MMBtu. * - As of November 3, 2015
2015/2016 Crude Oil Brent Hedges*
$40
$45
$50
$55
$60
$65
$70
$75
$80
Q4 2015 Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016 Q4 2016
40,000 Bbl/d $73.88 call
40,000 Bbl/d $61.25 put
35,500 Bbl/d $66.15 call
30,500 Bbl/d $52.38 put
3,000 Bbl/d $74.42 call
3,000 Bbl/d $50.00 put
1,000 Bbl/d $61.25 swap
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3Q15 Earnings
• Deleveraging is a priority
• November credit facility amendment
provides additional financial flexibility
• Ratings action initiated transition to
secured borrowing base facility
• New secured borrowing base was
established at $3.0 billion and currently
has approximately $1.5 billion outstanding
Capitalization as of 9/30/15 ($MM)
$25
$625
$1,000
$1,750
$2,250
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
Jan
-16
Jul-
16
Jan
-17
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17
Jan
-18
Jul-
18
Jan
-19
Jul-
19
Jan
-20
Jul-
20
Jan
-21
Jul-
21
Jan
-22
Jul-
22
Jan
-23
Jul-
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Jan
-24
Jul-
24
Term Loan
Debt Maturities ($MM)
1 We have the ability to incur total borrowings of $2.0 billion less outstanding amounts subject to compliance with our quarterly financial covenants which currently limit our ability to utilize the full amount.
2 Assumes full year interest expense at indicated debt levels and current interest rates.3 PV-10 as of 12/31/14 based on SEC five-year rule applied to PUDs using SEC price deck.
Focus on Balance Sheet
21
Senior Unsecured RCF 1 481
Senior Unsecured Term Loan 1,000
Senior Unsecured Notes 5,000
Total Debt 6,481
Less cash and deferred financing costs (65)
Total Net Debt 6,416
Equity 2,355
Total Net Capitalization 8,771
Total Net Debt / Net Capitalization 73%
Total Net Debt / LTM Adjusted EBITDAX 5.7x
LTM Adjusted EBITDAX / Interest Expense 2 3.5x
PV-103 / Total Net Debt 2.51x
Total Net Debt / Proved Reserves ($/Boe) $8.35
Total Net Debt / PD Reserves ($/Boe) $11.62
Total Net Debt / Production ($/Boepd) $40,352
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3Q15 Earnings
• Lender group approved several amendment provisions to provide CRC additional flexibility to manage
our business through the challenging commodity price environment
• Amended financial covenants that revert to original covenants once outside of the borrowing base
period
Consolidated First Lien Senior Secured Leverage Ratio
Consolidated Interest Expense Ratio
• Other amendment changes
Permitted second lien basket of $2.25 billion with excess cash sweep of amounts > $250 million
Basket carveouts for contemplated transactions which permit up to 50% of net proceeds to potentially
repurchase junior debt; the remaining 50% is required to be used to repay outstanding term loans.
Facility contemplates the monetization of midstream assets with no reduction to the borrowing base
Approved Credit Facility Amendment Provides Additional
Financial Flexibility
Consolidated leverage ratio Consolidated interest expense ratio
22
Borrowing Base Period:
Maximum First Lien Leverage Ratio : 2.25x Minimum Interest Expense Ratio : 2.0x
Pathway to Investment Grade:
Maximum Total Leverage Ratio: 4.50x Minimum Interest Expense Ratio : 2.5x
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3Q15 Earnings
4Q15 Guidance
23
Anticipated Realizations Against the Prevailing Index Prices for 4Q15
Oil 86% to 90% of Brent
NGLs 36% to 40% of Brent
Natural Gas 93% to 97% of NYMEX
Production, Capital and Income Statement Guidance
Production 151 to 156 Mboe per day
Capital $90 to $100 million
Production Costs $16.75 to $17.25 per boe
G&A $4.85 to $5.05 per boe
DD&A $17.40 to $17.60 per boe
Taxes other than on income $38 to $42 million
Exploration expense $6 to $10 million
Interest expense $82 to $84 million
Income tax expense rate 40%
Cash tax rate 0%
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3Q15 Earnings
NY00813G / 589203_1.WOR
Sacramento Basin
19 MMBoe Proved Reserves
7 MBoe/d production
San Joaquin Basin
525 MMBoe Proved Reserves
111 MBoe/d production
Ventura Basin
58 MMBoe Proved Reserves
10 MBoe/d production
Los Angeles Basin
166 MMBoe Proved Reserves
33 MBoe/d production
World-Class Resource Base:
Large inventory of assets across basins and
drive mechanisms that provide strong
returns through the commodity price cycle
Exceptional Operating Leverage:
High level of operating leverage and control
favorably positions CRC to capitalize on a
strengthening commodity market
Stable Base:
Diverse and stable assets enable a predictable
production profile with low base declines
Focused and Experienced Management Team:
Proactive executive team that swiftly executes strategic objectives
Poised to Take Advantage of a Commodity Price Recovery
24
Reserves as of 12/31/14; Production figures reflect average YTD 2015 rates.
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3Q15 Earnings25
California Resources Corporation
Appendix
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3Q15 Earnings
Non-GAAP Reconciliation for Adjusted EBITDAXFor the
Third QuarterEnded September 30,
For the NineMonths EndedSeptember 30,
FullYear
($ in millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014 2014
Net Income/(loss) ($104) $188 ($272) $657 ($1,434)
Interest expense 82 - 244 - 72
Income taxes expense/(benefit) (50) 131 (165) 444 (987)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 253 304 757 886 1,198
Exploration expense 5 25 29 71 139
Asset Impairments (a) - - - - 3,402
Other (b) 26 14 87 36 158
Adjusted EBITDAX $212 $662 $680 $2,094 $2,548
Net cash provided by operating activities $180 $631 $412 $1,867 $2,371
Interest expense 82 - 244 - 72
Cash income taxes - 47 - 182 165
Cash exploration expenses 3 6 20 19 38
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (7) (35) 43 12 (143)
Other, net (46) 13 (39) 14 45
Adjusted EBITDAX $212 $662 $680 $2,094 $2,548
a - For full year 2014, includes pre-tax impairment charges of $3.4 bn.b - Includes non-cash and unusual or infrequent charges.
26
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3Q15 Earnings
Non-GAAP Reconciliation for PV-10
($ in millions)At December 31,
2014
PV-10 $16,091
Present value of future income taxes discounted at 10% (5,263)
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
$10,828
PV-10 is a non-GAAP financial measure and represents the year-end present value of estimated future cash inflows from proved oil annatural gas reserves, less future development and production costs, discounted at 10% per annum to reflect the timing of future cashflows and using SEC prescribed pricing assumptions for the period. PV-10 differs from Standardized Measure because Standardized Measure includes the effects of future income taxes on future net cash flows. Neither PV-10 nor Standardized Measure should be construedas the fair value of our oil and natural gas reserves. PV-10 and Standardized Measure are used by the industry and by our management as anasset value measure to compare against our past reserve bases and the reserve bases of other business entities because the pricing, cost environment and discount assumptions are prescribed by the SEC and are comparable. PV-10 further facilitates the comparisons to other companies as it is not dependent on the tax paying status of the entity.
27
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3Q15 Earnings
Non-GAAP Reconciliation for Adjusted EPS
28
For the Third Quarter
Ended September 30,
For the Second Quarter Ended
June 30,
For the NineMonths EndedSeptember 30,
($ in millions) 2015 2014 2015 2015 2014
Net Income/(loss) $(104) $188 $(68) $(272) $657
Hedge related gains (53) - 17 (33) -
Early retirement and severance costs
62 - 10 72 -
Rig terminations and other costs 3 - 1 6 -
Tax related adjustments 6 - (11) (7) -
Adjusted net income / (loss) $(86) $188 $(51) $(234) $657
EPS – diluted $(0.27) $0.48 $(0.18) $(0.71) $1.69
Adjusted EPS – diluted $(0.22) $0.48 $(0.13) $(0.61) $1.69
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (a) 383.8 381.8 382.7 382.7 381.8
(a) On November 30, 2014, the Spin-off date from Occidental Petroleum Corporation, we issued 381.4 million shares of our common stock. Additional shares were distributed to our employees and vested in December. For comparative purposes, and to provide a more meaningful calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding, we have assumed these amounts to be outstanding for each period prior to the Spin-off.
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3Q15 Earnings
• Measures value created per dollar investment (“Bang for the buck”)
• Corporate Target 1.3
PV10 pre-tax cash flows
PV10 of investmentsVCI =
Project A Project B Project C
Max IRR% Max VCI Max NPV
Period Capital Cash Flow Capital Cash Flow Capital Cash Flow
0 1,000 (1,000) 1,000 (1,000) 2,500 (2,500)
1 - 1,100 - 125 - -
2 - 200 - 250 - -
3 - 100 - 500 - -
4 - 50 - 600 - -
5 - - - 700 - 5,000
1,000 450 1,000 1,175 2,500 2,500
NPV-10 $250 NPV-10 $491 NPV-10 $550
VCI-10 1.27 VCI-10 1.54 VCI-10 1.24
IRR 33% IRR 24% IRR 15%
29
Value Creation Index