Third Asphalt Third Asphalt Shingle Shingle

Recycling ForumRecycling ForumRandy McMullinRandy McMullin

Maine Department of Maine Department of Environmental ProtectionEnvironmental Protection

Why is New England Why is New England different?different?

Limited landfill spaceLimited landfill space Difficult or impossible to site a new Difficult or impossible to site a new

commercial landfill in many of the statescommercial landfill in many of the states High landfill disposal fees $65-100+ per tonHigh landfill disposal fees $65-100+ per ton Many states in the area already process Many states in the area already process

various Construction and Demolition various Construction and Demolition materials for assorted uses (namely CDD materials for assorted uses (namely CDD wood fuel)wood fuel)

Dense population although Maine is pretty Dense population although Maine is pretty ruralrural

How is it workingHow is it working

In Maine we recycle about 30,000 tons of In Maine we recycle about 30,000 tons of tear off shingles every year about 1/3 of tear off shingles every year about 1/3 of what we generate. Most go into a 50/50 what we generate. Most go into a 50/50 mix of road base and some are used in HBA mix of road base and some are used in HBA at about a 2% mix. None goes to ME DOT.at about a 2% mix. None goes to ME DOT.

Shingles are collected at town transfer Shingles are collected at town transfer stations, roofing contractors and we locals stations, roofing contractors and we locals generally bring shingles to the processing generally bring shingles to the processing facility or transfer station facility.facility or transfer station facility.

Transportation is the limiting factorTransportation is the limiting factor Tipping fee is about $32 per ton.Tipping fee is about $32 per ton.

What is in shingles What is in shingles anyway?anyway?

Asphalt cement, generally organic (paper) Asphalt cement, generally organic (paper) backed shingles contain about 30-36% asphalt backed shingles contain about 30-36% asphalt and fiberglass backed shingles contain 19-22% and fiberglass backed shingles contain 19-22% asphaltasphalt

Mineral filler/stabilizer (limestone, silica, Mineral filler/stabilizer (limestone, silica, dolomite, etc) 8-40% and is usually smaller dolomite, etc) 8-40% and is usually smaller than 0.15mm and most ~70% is smaller than than 0.15mm and most ~70% is smaller than 0.08mm. Sand sized minerals are in the range 0.08mm. Sand sized minerals are in the range of 20-38%of 20-38%

Old shingles that are 20-40 years old are Old shingles that are 20-40 years old are usually organic backed and newer shingles are usually organic backed and newer shingles are usually fiberglass backed.usually fiberglass backed.

11 million tons per year (counting 1 million of 11 million tons per year (counting 1 million of factory scraps)factory scraps)

Asbestos?Asbestos?

In 1963 the content of asbestos in shingles In 1963 the content of asbestos in shingles was only about 0.02% by weightwas only about 0.02% by weight

In 1977, the content of asbestos in shingles In 1977, the content of asbestos in shingles was only 0.00016% by weightwas only 0.00016% by weight

The chances of you finding ANY asbestos in The chances of you finding ANY asbestos in tear off roofing shingles is a about 0.8% of tear off roofing shingles is a about 0.8% of shingles [0.5% show a trace, 0.17% show shingles [0.5% show a trace, 0.17% show 2%, 0.11% show 5% (based on 1770 samples 2%, 0.11% show 5% (based on 1770 samples as reported by Chelsea Center 2/2003)]as reported by Chelsea Center 2/2003)]

There is no asbestos in new factory rejectsThere is no asbestos in new factory rejects

Testing for AsbestosTesting for Asbestos

Cost to sample is generally $12-25 per Cost to sample is generally $12-25 per sample.sample.

Each incoming load may be required to be Each incoming load may be required to be sampled at least once.sampled at least once.

Ground end product may also be sampled.Ground end product may also be sampled. MA samples each incoming load at least MA samples each incoming load at least

once and also the ground end productonce and also the ground end product NJ one sample per 500 tons outgoingNJ one sample per 500 tons outgoing NC one sample per 30 tons incomingNC one sample per 30 tons incoming ME does not require sampling any moreME does not require sampling any more

Metal Concentrations in Metal Concentrations in ppmppm

Arsenic Arsenic 5.6 5.6 BariumBarium 63.4 63.4 CadmiumCadmium < 1.09 < 1.09 Chromium 26.7Chromium 26.7 LeadLead 81.4 81.4 MercuryMercury 0.17 0.17 SeleniumSelenium <1.1 <1.1 SilverSilver <1.63 <1.63

cPAHs in shingles in ppbcPAHs in shingles in ppb

Benz[a] anthraceneBenz[a] anthracene Benzo[b]fluorantheneBenzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluorantheneBenzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[a]pyreneBenzo[a]pyrene ChryseneChrysene Dibenz[ah]anthracenDibenz[ah]anthracen

ee Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyreneIndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene

42,50042,500 48,00048,000 10,00010,000 33,50033,500 29,00029,000 5,8005,800 25,00025,000

Bottom LineBottom Line

No metals are of a big concern if there is no No metals are of a big concern if there is no pathway of exposure.pathway of exposure.

No PAHs including cPAHs are of a big No PAHs including cPAHs are of a big concern if there is no pathway of exposureconcern if there is no pathway of exposure

Nothing would be deemed to be a “RCRA Nothing would be deemed to be a “RCRA hazardous waste” in shingles hazardous waste” in shingles

Asbestos is not an issue in new factory Asbestos is not an issue in new factory rejectsrejects

Asbestos Asbestos cancan be an issue in tear off be an issue in tear off shingles.shingles.

DOT IssuesDOT Issues

Is the amount of asphalt Is the amount of asphalt in the shingles in the shingles consistent?consistent?

Can a mixture of Can a mixture of shingles meet DOT shingles meet DOT requirements for requirements for strength, cracking, and strength, cracking, and durability as well as durability as well as virgin asphalt?virgin asphalt?

Is there anything that Is there anything that would increase DOT’s would increase DOT’s liability?liability?

Does it save DOT any Does it save DOT any money?money?

Any PR value?Any PR value?

What % of shingles is What % of shingles is good for high traffic?good for high traffic?

What % for other uses What % for other uses including secondary including secondary roads, streets, parking roads, streets, parking lots, bike paths, lots, bike paths, sidewalks, etc?sidewalks, etc?

Short term and long Short term and long term durability?term durability?

What about other What about other additives reactions additives reactions (foamed asphalt, RAP, (foamed asphalt, RAP, crumb rubber, crumb rubber, SuperPave)? Is there SuperPave)? Is there a problem?a problem?

DEP ISSUESDEP ISSUES For the processor……For the processor…… Do they need a Solid Do they need a Solid

Waste License?Waste License? Dust? Stormwater? Dust? Stormwater?

Air Emissions License? Air Emissions License? Does anything leach Does anything leach

out of the ground out of the ground shingles?shingles?

Asbestos Testing Plan?Asbestos Testing Plan? Is this disposal?Is this disposal? What about other What about other

materials co-mingled materials co-mingled in the shingles? in the shingles?

For the Asphalt PlantFor the Asphalt Plant Do they need a Do they need a

Beneficial Use or BUD Beneficial Use or BUD license?license?

Air Emissions at the Air Emissions at the plant?plant?

Storage or dust Storage or dust issues?issues?

Processor IssuesProcessor Issues

What kind of licenses or permits do What kind of licenses or permits do we need to do this? State? Local?we need to do this? State? Local?

What kind of tipping fee What kind of tipping fee vsvs the cost the cost of landfill disposal can we charge?of landfill disposal can we charge?

What kind of equipment do we need What kind of equipment do we need to process to a specification size?to process to a specification size?

Do we have a market or end user?Do we have a market or end user? Is there a PR bonus?Is there a PR bonus?

Processor IssuesProcessor Issues What kind of shingles do we want to What kind of shingles do we want to

process?process? New or Tear Offs or Both?New or Tear Offs or Both? What kind of testing is going to be What kind of testing is going to be

required?required? Do we need to modify our facility for storm Do we need to modify our facility for storm

water management, storage, dust, or traffic water management, storage, dust, or traffic issues?issues?

What other stuff might be mixed in with the What other stuff might be mixed in with the shingles?shingles?

How are the shingles going to get here?How are the shingles going to get here?

Asphalt Plant IssuesAsphalt Plant Issues Changes in asphalt formulation to meet Changes in asphalt formulation to meet

DOT specs? QA/QC plan to prove it?DOT specs? QA/QC plan to prove it? Operational issues for storage or handling?Operational issues for storage or handling? Air emission issues?Air emission issues? Additional incurred expenses? Bag house Additional incurred expenses? Bag house

maintenance issues?maintenance issues? Is it cost effective?Is it cost effective? Any PR bonus?Any PR bonus? Different % mixes for different customers?Different % mixes for different customers? Other potential products such as 50/50 Other potential products such as 50/50

road base?road base?

SuggestionSuggestion Easiest way to get in the game would be to use Easiest way to get in the game would be to use

new shingles at a 2-5% replacement mix, but it new shingles at a 2-5% replacement mix, but it has to meet the DOT spec.has to meet the DOT spec.

Partner up a “team” with a Solid Waste Partner up a “team” with a Solid Waste Processor, Asphalt Plant, DOT, DEP, and Processor, Asphalt Plant, DOT, DEP, and perhaps the University to do “pilot projects” perhaps the University to do “pilot projects” (stretch of road, a parking lot, bike paths, (stretch of road, a parking lot, bike paths, heavy truck roadway) if required.heavy truck roadway) if required.

Set up a “review team” to evaluate the project Set up a “review team” to evaluate the project on a schedule to answer the performance on a schedule to answer the performance questions. questions.

Capitalize on good PR.Capitalize on good PR.

Do your homeworkDo your homework The addition of ground shingles will affect The addition of ground shingles will affect

the 1) virgin asphalt binder content and 2) the 1) virgin asphalt binder content and 2) the gradation properties of the total the gradation properties of the total aggregate size and fraction. You will need aggregate size and fraction. You will need to design the asphalt composition mix a to design the asphalt composition mix a little to meet the DOT specs. Keep in mind little to meet the DOT specs. Keep in mind that size of the ground shingles counts in that size of the ground shingles counts in how much asphalt is incorporated in the how much asphalt is incorporated in the mix.mix.

Pick up these reference materials to figure Pick up these reference materials to figure out the changes in the HBA mixout the changes in the HBA mix

AASHTO PP 53AASHTO PP 53AASHTO MP 15-2AASHTO MP 15-2

SuggestionSuggestion If tear off shingles are proposed to be used, come If tear off shingles are proposed to be used, come

up with an acceptable asbestos sampling plan to up with an acceptable asbestos sampling plan to statistically verify and certify that the ground statistically verify and certify that the ground shingles are acceptable for the end use. All of shingles are acceptable for the end use. All of the parties need to buy into this this plan. the parties need to buy into this this plan.

Make provisions for any needed changes in the Make provisions for any needed changes in the sampling plan for more frequent/less frequent sampling plan for more frequent/less frequent sampling, but make sure that the end user or sampling, but make sure that the end user or customer is part of that agreement.customer is part of that agreement.

Segregate the material to be tested until the Segregate the material to be tested until the results come back from the lab if needed.results come back from the lab if needed.

Address this issue up front in your project with Address this issue up front in your project with your customers.your customers.

Questions to be askedQuestions to be asked What kind of permits or changes do I need for What kind of permits or changes do I need for

my facility or to get a beneficial use license?my facility or to get a beneficial use license? What kind of testing need I do to do to satisfy the What kind of testing need I do to do to satisfy the

regulators with respect to asbestos or anything regulators with respect to asbestos or anything else?else?

What kind of pilot or test project would be What kind of pilot or test project would be required to “prove the material” to satisfy DOT?required to “prove the material” to satisfy DOT?

Is there a % of shingles in HBA that is “just OK”?Is there a % of shingles in HBA that is “just OK”? Could the University assist me in answering Could the University assist me in answering

these questions?these questions?

Quick SummaryQuick Summary

Recycled new and used shingles can Recycled new and used shingles can work in both HBA and in other work in both HBA and in other products, but you have to do some products, but you have to do some work to make it happen.work to make it happen.

Concentrate on making sure that you Concentrate on making sure that you are able to deliver a consistent product are able to deliver a consistent product that meets the needs of the end user.that meets the needs of the end user.

You need to be able to prove to the end You need to be able to prove to the end user that this is an acceptable user that this is an acceptable replacement for virgin asphalt.replacement for virgin asphalt.

Other people that you may Other people that you may want to speak with….want to speak with….

DEP /DOT Commissioner to get you to DEP /DOT Commissioner to get you to the correct people for your projectthe correct people for your project

Someone from the State Pollution Someone from the State Pollution Prevention (P2), State Recycling, or Prevention (P2), State Recycling, or the State Planning Officethe State Planning Office

Resource Materials Recycling Center Resource Materials Recycling Center www.rmrc.unh.eduwww.rmrc.unh.edu

AASHTO for reference materialsAASHTO for reference materials

Shingles to be processedShingles to be processed

Hot Batch Asphalt

Parking Lot

Town RoadTown Road

Cold PatchCold Patch

Private roadPrivate road

Subdivision roadSubdivision road

DrivewayDriveway

Randy McMullinRandy McMullinEnvironmental Environmental SpecialistSpecialistBeneficial Use of Solid Beneficial Use of Solid Waste Program Waste Program Maine Department of Maine Department of Environmental Environmental ProtectionProtection

Randy.L.McMullinRandy.L.McMullin

@maine.gov@maine.gov (207) 822-6343(207) 822-6343