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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn
Thit k kin trc phn mm
Ni dung ca slide ny da vo cc slides ca Ian Sommerville
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Ni dung
1. Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k 2. Cc gc nhn v kin trc 3. Cc kin trc mu 4. Cc kin trc ng dng
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Kin trc phn mm
vThit k kin trc l vic hiu mt h thng c t chc nh th no v thit k ton b kin trc ca h thng .
vu ra ca quy trnh thit k ny l mt m t v kin trc phn mm.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Thit k kin trc
vL giai on u tin ca mt quy trnh thit k h thng.
vBiu din mi lin kt gia c t v cc quy trnh thit k.
vThng c tin hnh song song vi cc hot ng c t.
vBc ny gip nhn din cc component chnh ca h thng v cch giao tip ca chng vi nhau.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cc mc tru tng ca kin trc
vKin trc phn mm nh lin quan n kin trc ca cc chng trnh n l. mc ny, mt chng trnh c phn thnh cc component.
vKin trc h thng ln lin quan n kin trc ca mt h thng phc tp gm nhiu h thng khc, chng trnh v cc components chng trnh. Nhng h thng ny c phn tn trn nhiu my tnh khc nhau, c th c s hu v qun l bi nhiu cng ty khc nhau.
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u im ca kin trc
vGiao tip vi cc stakeholder Kin trc c s dng nh l mt trng tm ca vic
tho lun vi cc stakeholder h thng. vPhn tch h thng
L cch phn tch xem liu h thng c p ng c cc yu cu phi chc nng hay khng.
vTi s dng Kin trc c th c ti s dng cho nhiu h thng
khc.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Biu din kin trc
vS dng cc biu khi n gin, khng mang tnh hnh thc ch ra cc thc th v quan h gia chng l phng php thng gp nht vit ti liu v kin trc phn mm.
vVic s dng loi kin trc ny b ch trch trong mt thi gian di do n thiu ng ngha, khng ch ra c loi quan h gia cc thc th v khng ch ra cc thuc tnh ca thc th trong kin trc.
vPh thuc vo vic s dng cc m hnh kin trc. Yu cu v ng ngha ca m hnh ph thuc vo cch cc m hnh c s dng.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Kin trc ca mt h thng iu khin robot
Visionsystem
Objectidentification
system
Armcontroller
Grippercontroller
Packagingselectionsystem
Packingsystem
Conveyorcontroller
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S dng cc m hnh kin trc
vL phng tin tho lun v thit k h thng Thit k kin trc mc cao c ch khi giao tip vi cc
stakeholder v ln k hoch d n v n khng i su vo chi tit. Cc stakeholder c th hiu c m hnh tru tng ca h thng. Do m h c th tho lun v ton b h thng m khng b ri bi vic qu i su vo chi tit.
vL cch vit ti liu v kin trc c thit k Mc tiu y l to ra mt m hnh h thng hon chnh
trong n ch ra c cc component khc nhau trong h thng, giao din v s kt ni ca chng.
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Ni dung
1. Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k 2. Cc gc nhn v kin trc 3. Cc kin trc mu 4. Cc kin trc ng dng
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Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k
vThit k kin trc l mt quy trnh sng to. Cc hot ng trong quy trnh ph thuc vo loi ng dng c pht trin, kinh nghim ca ngi thit k kin trc v cc yu cu c th ca h thng.
vThit k kin trc c nh l mt chui cc quyt nh hn l mt chui tun t cc hot ng.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k
1. C th s dng kin trc tng qut no khng?
2. H thng c phn tn nh th no? 3. Mu kin trc no ph hp? 4. Phng php no c s dng cu trc
ha h thng? 5. H thng c phn r thnh cc module
nh th no? 6. Chin thut iu khin no c s dng? 7. Thit k kin trc s c nh gi bng
cch no? 8. Kin trc c vit thnh ti liu nh th
no? 12
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Ti s dng kin trc
vCc h thng c cng lnh vc thng c cu trc tng t nhau phn nh nhng c im ca lnh vc . Cc dng sn phm ng dng c xy dng da vo mt kin
trc li vi mt s bin th tha mn cc yu cu c th ca khch hng.
vKin trc ca mt h thng c th c thit k da vo mt hoc nhiu mu kin trc (architectural pattern). Mu kin trc l m t v kin trc ca mt h thng. Cc mu ny cha cc c im chnh ca mt kin trc c
s dng qua cc h thng phn mm khc nhau.
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Kin trc v c im ca h thng
vHiu nng (Performance) nh v cc chc nng quan trng v gim thiu giao tip.
vBo mt (Security) S dng kin trc phn tng vi cc phn quan trng c t cc
lp bn trong. vAn ton (Safety)
nh v cc thao tc lin quan n an ton trong mt s t cc h thng con.
vTnh thng trc (Availability) Thit k sn cc component d tha sao cho c th thay th hoc
cp nht cc component m khng phi dng h thng, ngha l m bo cho h thng hot ng lin tc.
vTnh d bo tr (Maintainability) S dng cc component nh, chi tit, c th thay th c.
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Ni dung
1. Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k 2. Cc gc nhn v kin trc 3. Cc kin trc mu 4. Cc kin trc ng dng
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Cc gc nhn v mt kin trc
vGc nhn no l hu ch khi thit k v vit ti liu v kin trc ca mt h thng?
vCc khi nim no nn c s dng m t v m hnh kin trc?
vMi m hnh kin trc ch th hin mt gc nhn v h thng. C th ch ra mt h thng c phn r thnh cc module nh
th no, cc tin trnh thi gian thc tng tc nh th no, cc component h thng c phn tn trn mng nh th no.
i vi vic thit k v vit ti liu, ta thng cn biu din nhiu gc nhn khc nhau ca h thng phn mm.
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M hnh kin trc phn mm 4 + 1
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logical view development view
process view physical view
use case
ch ra cc biu din tru tng trong h thng di dng cc i tng v lp i tng.
ch ra cch mt phn mm c phn r pht trin nh th no.
ch ra cch cc tng tc thi gian thc xy ra trong h thng.
ch ra phn cng ca h thng v cch cc component ca h thng c phn tn trn cc processor nh th no.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
M hnh kin trc phn mm 4 + 1
vGc nhn v logic (logical view) ch ra cc biu din tru tng trong h thng di dng cc i
tng v lp i tng.
vGc nhn v mt quy trnh (process view) ch ra cch cc tng tc thi gian thc xy ra trong h thng.
vGc nhn v mt pht trin (development view) ch ra cch mt phn mm c phn r pht trin nh th
no.
vGc nhn v mt vt l (physical view) ch ra phn cng ca h thng v cch cc component ca h
thng c phn tn trn cc processor nh th no.
vLin quan n vic s dng use case hay kch bn (+1)
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Ni dung
1. Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k 2. Cc gc nhn v kin trc 3. Cc kin trc mu 4. Cc kin trc ng dng
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Kin trc mu (Architectural pattern)
vThit k mu l mt phng tin biu din, chia s v ti s dng li cc kin thc.
vCc mu thng cha thng tin v khi no chng hu ch v khi no khng, mnh yu ca chng.
vCc mu c biu din s dng bng v m t ha.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Mt s m hnh kin trc mu
vM hnh Model-View-Controller (MVC) vM hnh kin trc phn tng vM hnh Repository vM hnh clientserver vM hnh pipe and filter
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern Tn" M hnh MVC (Model-View-Controller)"
M t" Tch ring phn biu din v phn tng tc ra khi d liu h thng. H thng c cu trc ha thnh ba component logic tng tc vi nhau. / Model component: qun l d liu h thng v cc thao tc
trn d trn d liu ./ View component: nh ngha v qun l cch d liu c
biu din ti ngi dng nh th no. / Controller component: Qun l tng tc ngi dng ( v
d nh n phm, nhp chut, ...) v chuyn cc tng tc ny ti View v Model. /
S dng khi no" c s dng khi c nhiu cch biu din v tng tc vi d liu. Cng c s dng khi cha bit c cc yu cu tng lai cho tng tc v biu din d liu. /
u im" Cho php d liu thay i c lp vi vic biu din ca n v ngc li. H tr biu din theo nhiu cch khc nhau trn cng mt d liu. /
Nhc im" C th cha code b sung v code s phc tp hn khi m hnh d liu v m hnh tng tc n gin./
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T chc ca m hnh Model-View-Controller
Controller View
Model
Viewselection
Statechange
Changenotification
State query
User events
Maps user actionsto model updatesSelects view
Renders modelRequests model updatesSends user events tocontroller
Encapsulates applicationstateNotifies view of statechanges
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V d: Kin trc ng dng Web s dng m hnh MVC
Controller View
Model
Form todisplay
Updaterequest
Changenotification
Refresh request
User events
Browser
HTTP request processingApplication-specific logicData validation
Dynamic pagegenerationForms management
Business logicDatabase
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Kin trc phn tng
vc s dng m hnh ha giao din ca cc h thng con.
vT chc h thng thnh mt tp cc tng, mi tng cung cp mt tp cc dch v.
vH tr vic pht trin dn dn cc h thng con trn cc tng khc nhau. Khi giao din ca tng thay i, ch cc tng ln cn mi b nh hng.
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M hnh kin trc phn tng Tn" Kin trc phn tng"
M t" T chc h thng thnh cc tng, mi tng cha cc chc nng lin quan n nhau. Mt tng cung cp cc dch v cho tng trn ca n v vy cc tng thp nht biu din cc dch v li c s dng trong ton b h thng. /
c s dng khi no"
c s dng khi xy dng cc tnh nng mi da trn nhng h thng c sn; khi vic pht trin c dn tri trn nhiu nhm khc nhau v mi nhm chu trch nhim v chc nng ca mt tng; khi c mt yu cu v bo mt nhiu mc ./
u im" Cho php thay th cc phn min l interface c duy tr. Cc chc nng d tha (v d nh phn quyn) c th c cung cp mi tng tng tin cy ca h thng./
Nhc im " Thc t, cung cp mt s phn chia r rt gia cc tng thng rt kh khn v tng cao hn c th tng tc trc tip vi tng thp hn hn l thng qua mt tng bn di n. Hiu nng cng c th l mt vn v nhiu mc din gii ca mt yu cu dch v khi n c thc hin ti mi tng./
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Mt kin trc phn tng tng qut
User interface
Core business logic/application functionalitySystem utilities
System support (OS, database etc.)
User interface managementAuthentication and authorization
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Kin trc ca h thng LIBSYS
Web browser interface
Library index
LIBSYSlogin
Distributedsearch
Documentretrieval
Rightsmanager Accounting
Forms andquery manager
Printmanager
DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DBn
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Tng kt
v Kin trc phn mm l m t v cch t chc ca mt h thng phn mm.
v Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k bao gm cc quyt nh v loi ng dng, vic phn tn ca h thng, mu kin trc c s dng.
v Cc kin trc c th c vit thnh ti liu t mt vi gc nhn chng hn nh gc nhn v mt khi nim, gc nhn v mt logic, gc nhn v mt quy trnh, gc nhn v mt pht trin.
v Cc m hnh kin trc mu l phng tin ti s dng cc kin thc v kin trc h thng tng qut. Chng m t kin trc, gii thch khi no c s dng v u nhc im ca n.
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Thit k kin trc phn mm phn 2
Lecture 2
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Kin trc repository
vCc h thng con phi trao i d liu vi nhau. C hai kh nng: Vic chia s d liu c thc hin c s d
liu trung tm hay cn gi l kho d liu, kho ny c truy cp bi tt c cc h thng con;
Mi h thng con duy tr mt c s d liu ring v chuyn d liu trc tip ti cc h thng con khc.
vKhi c mt lng ln d liu cn chia s, m hnh v chia s l m hnh ph bin nht v l c ch chia s d liu hiu qu nht. 31
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M hnh Repository
Tn" M hnh Repository "
M t" Tt c cc d liu trong h thng c qun l mt kho trung tm, kho ny c truy cp bi tt c cc component ca h thng. Cc component khng tng tc trc tip vi nhau, ch thng qua kho chung thi./
Khi no c s dng"
S dng m hnh ny khi ta c mt h thng trong mt lng ln thng tin c sinh ra phi c lu tr trong mt thi gian di. Ta cng c th s dng n trong cc h thng hng d liu trong d liu trong kho kch hot hnh ng hay cng c./
u im" Cc component c th c lp vi nhau chng khng cn bit s tn ti ca cc component khc. Cc thay i xy ra mt component khng nh hng ti cc component khc. Tt c cc d liu c th c qun l mt cch nht qun (v d nh backup d liu c thc hin ng thi) v tt c d liu c lu tr cng mt ni. /
Nhc im" Cc vn xy ra trn kho chung nh hng n ton h thng. C th khng hiu qu trong vic t chc cc giao tip thng qua kho. Phn tn kho trn nhiu my tnh c th kh khn./
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Mt kin trc repository cho mt IDE
Projectrepository
Designtranslator
Javaeditor
UMLeditors
Codegenerators
Designanalyzer
Reportgenerator
Pythoneditor
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Kin trc client-server
vCc m hnh h thng phn tn ch ra cch d liu v cc x l c phn tn trn nhiu component nh th no. C th c ci t trn mt my n.
vTp hp cc server c lp cung cp cc dch v c th v d nh in n, qun tr d liu, ...
vTp hp cc khch hng triu gi cc dch v ny.
vH thng mng cho php ngi dung truy cp vo cc server.
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M hnh clientserver
Tn" M hnh client-server"
M t" Trong mt kin trc clientserver, chc nng ca h thng c t chc thnh cc dch v, mi dch v c t trn mt server ring l. Khch hng l ngi s dng cc dch v ny v truy cp vo cc server s dng dch v./
Khi no c s dng"
c s dng khi d liu trong mt c s d liu chia s phi truy cp t nhiu ni. V cc server c truy cp t nhiu ni khc nhau, c th c s dng khi ti trn h thng thay i./
u im" u im chnh l server c phn tn trn mng. Chc nng chung (dch v in n chng hn) c th c sn cho tt c cc khch hng v khng cn thit phi ci t ton b cc dch v. /
Nhc im" Mi dch v l mt im n gy li v vy d b tn cng t chi dch v hoc li server. Hiu nng c th khng d on trc c do n ph thuc vo mng cng nh h thng. C th c cc vn v qun l nu server c s hu bi cc t chc khc nhau./
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Kin trc clientserver cho mt th vin phim nh
Catalogserver
Librarycatalogue
Videoserver
Film store
Pictureserver
Photo store
Webserver
Film andphoto info.
Client 1 Client 2 Client 3 Client 4
Internet
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Kin trc pipe and filter
vCc chuyn i chc nng x l cc u vo v to ra cc u ra.
vCc bin th ca phng php ny rt ph bin. Khi cc chuyn i l tun t, y l m hnh x l khi tun t m cc h thng x l d liu s dng.
vKhng tht s ph hp vi cc h thng tng tc.
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M hnh pipe and filter
Tn" M hnh pipe and filter"
M t" Vic x l d liu trong mt h thng c t chc sao cho mi component x l (filter) l ri rc v tin hnh mt loi x l d liu. Dng d liu (pipe) i t mt component n mt component khc x l. /
Khi no s dng"
Thng s dng trong cc ng dng x l d liu ( c ng dng x l khi v x l giao tc) trong cc u vo c x l cc giai on ri rc to ra cc u ra tng ng./
u im" D hiu v h tr vic ti s dng chuyn i. Kiu dng d liu ph hp vi cu trc ca ca nhiu quy trnh cng vic. Tin ha bng cch thm vo cc chuyn i l d dng. C th ci t theo kiu h thng tun t hoc song song./
Nhc im" Format ca d liu truyn i phi c chp thun trong vic giao tip gia cc chuyn i. Mi chuyn i phi phn tch c php u vo ca n v chuyn n thnh u ra dng c chp nhn. iu ny gy kh khn trong vic ti s dng cc chuyn i hm m cu trc d liu khng tng thch./
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V d v kin trc pipe and filter
Read issuedinvoices
Identifypayments
Issuereceipts
Findpayments
due
Receipts
Issuepaymentreminder
Reminders
Invoices Payments
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Ni dung
1. Quyt nh chn kin trc thit k 2. Cc gc nhn v kin trc 3. Cc kin trc mu 4. Cc kin trc ng dng
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Cc kin trc ng dng
vCc h thng ng dng c thit k p ng nhu cu ca mt t chc.
vV cng vic c nhiu im chung, cc h thng ng dng cng c xu hng c kin trc chung phn nh cc yu cu ng dng.
vKin trc ng dng tng qut l mt kin trc cho mt loi h thng phn mm c cu hnh v iu chnh to ra mt h thng p ng cc yu cu c th.
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S dng cc kin trc ng dng
vNh l im khi u ca thit k kin trc.
vNh l mt checklist v thit k. vNh mt cch t chc cng vic ca
nhm pht trin phn mm. vNh l mt phng tin nh gi
vic ti s dng cc component. vNh l kho t vng bn v cc loi ng dng.
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V d v loi ng dng
vng dng x l d liu Cc ng dng hng d liu trong x l d liu khi m khng
c s can thip ca ngi dng trong sut qu trnh x l.
vng dng x l giao tc ng dng d liu trung tm trong x l cc yu cu ngi
dng v cp nht thng tin trong mt c s d liu h thng.
vH thng x l s kin ng dng trong cc hot ng ca h thng ph thuc vo vic
din gii cc s kin t mi trng h thng.
vH thng x l ngn ng ng dng trong nh ca ngi dng c c t trong cc
ngn ng hnh thc v c x l, din gii bi h thng.
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V d v loi ng dng
vTp trung vo h thng x l giao tc v x l ngn ng.
vH thng x l giao tc H thng thng mi in t; H thng t ch.
vH thng x l ngn ng Trnh bin dch; Din gii lnh.
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H thng x l giao tc
vX l cc yu cu ngi dng v thng tin t mt c s d liu hoc cc yu cu cp nht c s d liu.
vT gc ca mt ngi s dng, mt giao tc l: Mt chui lin tc cc thao tc tha mn mt mc
tiu; V d: tm thi gian ca cc chuyn bay t London ti
Paris. vNgi dng thc hin cc yu cu
khng ng b v dch v sau c x l bi mt b qun l giao tc.
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Cu trc ca ng dng x l giao tc
I/Oprocessing
Applicationlogic
Transactionmanager Database
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Kin trc phn mm ca h thng ATM
Input Process Output
ATM Database ATM
Get customeraccount id
Query account
Print details
Return card
Dispense cash
Update account
Validate card
Select service
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Kin trc h thng thng tin
vCc h thng thng tin c cu trc tng qut c th c t chc theo kiu cu trc phn tng.
vy l nhng h thng da vo giao tc v tng tc vi h thng ny thng l cc giao tc c s d liu.
vCc tng bao gm: The user interface User communications Information retrieval System database
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Kin trc phn tng ca h thng thng tin
User interface
User communications
Information retrieval and modification
Transaction management
Database
Authentication andauthorization
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Kin trc ca h thng MHC-PMS
Web browser
Reportgeneration
Transaction management
Patient database
Login Form and menumanagerData
validationRole checking
Securitymanagement
Patient info.manager
Data importand export
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Cc h thng thng tin da vo web
vH thng qun l ti nguyn v thng tin thng l cc h thng da vo web trong giao din ngi dng c ci t trn web browser.
vV d, cc h thng thng mi in t l cc h thng qun tr ti nguyn da vo internet m trong cc n t hng in t v hng ha hay dch v c chp nhn, cc n hng ny sau c ln lch giao cho khch hng.
vTrong h thng thng mi in t, tng ng dng cha cc tnh nng b sung h tr gi hng trong ngi dng c th t nhiu mn hng trn cc giao tc khc nhau sau tnh tin chung trong mt giao tc n.
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Ci t pha server
vNhng h thng ny thng c ci t theo kiu kin trc a tng client-server Web server chu trch nhim giao tip vi ngi dng,
giao din ngi dng c ci t s dng web browser;
Server ng dng chu trch nhim ci t cc chc nng ng dng c th cng nh lu tr thng tin v truy vn yu cu;
Server c s d liu chuyn thng tin t v n c s d liu v nm quyn qun l giao tc.
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H thng x l ngn ng
vChp nhn mt ngn ng t nhin hoc ngn ng nhn to lm u vo v to ra mt biu din khc ca ngn ng .
vC th cha mt b din gii thc hin cc ch dn lnh trong ngn ng c x l.
vc dng trong cc tnh hung trong cch d nht x l vn l m t mt thut ton hoc m t d liu h thng.
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Kin trc ca mt h thng x l ngn ng
Sourcelanguage
instructions
Data Results
Translator
Interpreter
Abstract m/cinstructions
Check syntaxCheck semanticsGenerate
FetchExecute
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cc component ca trnh bin dch
vB phn tch t vng, ly cc token u vo, chuyn i chng thnh mt hnh thc trung gian.
vBng k hiu, lu gi thng tin v tn thc th (bin, tn lp, tn i tng, ...) c s dng trong vn bn cn bin dch.
vB phn tch c php, kim tra c php ca ngn ng cn bin dch.
vCy c php l mt biu din cu trc bn trong m chng trnh c dch.
55
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cc component ca trnh bin dch
vB phn tch ng ngha: s dng thng tin t cy c php v bng k hiu kim tra tnh ng n v ng ngha ca vn bn ngn ng u vo.
vB pht sinh m : duyt qua cy c php v sinh ra m my tru tng.
56
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Kin trc pipe and filter ca trnh bin dch
Lexicalanalysis
Syntacticanalysis
Semanticanalysis
Codegeneration
Symbol table
Syntax tree
57
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Kin trc repository cho h thng x l ngn ng
Syntaxanalyzer
Lexicalanalyzer
Semanticanalyzer
Abstractsyntax tree
Grammardefinition
Symboltable
Outputdefinition
Pretty-printer
Editor
Optimizer
Codegenerator
Repository
58
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Tng kt
v Cc m hnh ca kin trc h thng ng dng h tr vic hiu v so snh cc ng dng, thm nh thit k h thng ng dng v nh gi vic ti s dng cc component.
v Cc h thng x l giao tc l cc h thng tng tc m n cho php thng tin trong mt c s d liu c truy cp v cp nht t xa bi mt s lng ngi dng.
v H thng x l ngn ng c dng dch vn bn t mt ngn ng sang mt ngn ng khc v thc hin cc ch dn lnh c th ca ngn ng u vo. Cc h thng ny cha mt b bin dch v mt my tru tng chy ngn ng c sinh ra.
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