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I HC THI NGUYN

TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP ------o--------

LUN VN THC S K THUT

NGNH: T NG HO

THIT K H THNG T NG HO QU TRNH KIM TRA THAM S NG C CHNH AL-31F CA

MY BAY SU27

V ANH TUN

Thi Nguyn nm 2009


I HC THI NGUYN

TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP ------o--------

LUN VN THC S K THUT

THIT K H THNG T NG HO QU TRNH KIM TRA THAM S NG C CHNH AL-31F CA

MY BAY SU27

NGNH: T NG HO

M S :

HC VIN: V ANH TUN

NGI HD KHOA HOC: PGS-TS. XUN TIN

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC

PSG.TS XUN TIN

KHOA O TO SAU I HC

Thi Nguyn nm 2009

Lun vn Thc s K thut


LI CAM OAN

Tn ti l: V Anh Tun hc vin lp cao hc K10 - Chuyn ngnh T

ng ho. Ti xin cam oan nhng kt qu trong lun vn ny hon ton do

ti nghin cu, thc hin di s hng dn ca thy gio Ph gio s, Tin

s Xun Tin v tham kho nhng ngun ti liu trch dn.

Hc vin

V Anh Tun

MC LC

Lun vn Thc s K thut


Tran

g

Li cam oan...................................................................................................................

Mc lc..............................................................................................................................

Danh mc cc k hiu, cc ch vit tt..................................................................

Danh mc cc bng biu.............................................................................................

Danh mc cc th, hnh v....................................................................................

M u..............................................................................................................................

Chng I. Kim tra tham s lm vic ca ng c al-31f khi m my

ng c mt t

I.1. Gii thiu chung v ng c al-31f...................................................................... 1

I.2. Cc Tham s cn kim tra, phng php ly cc tham s cn kim tra

khi ng c al-31f lm vic mt t. ......................................................................

3

I.2.1. Cc tham s cn kim tra. ........................................................................ 3

I.2.2. Phng php ly cc tham s cn kim tra. ........................................ 4

Chng II. Xy dng m hnh ghp ni my tnh vi u cm luq-cpa

trn my bay

II.1. i cng v k thut ghp ni my tnh.......................................................... 17

II.1.1. Yu cu trao i thng tin ca my tnh vi mi trng bn

ngoi .........................................................................................................................

18

II.1.2. Cc dng thng tin v loi thng tin trao i gia my tnh v

thit b ngoi vi. .....................................................................................................

21

II.1.3. Vai tr, nhim v v chc nng ca khi ghp ni........................... 22

II.1.4. c trng chung ca khi ghp ni. ..................................................... 26

II.1.5. Cu trc chung ca mt khi ghp ni. ............................................... 32

II.1.6. Chng trnh phc v trao i tin cho khi ghp ni...................... 34

II.1.7. Giao din ca my tnh trong o lng v iu khin.................... 36

Lun vn Thc s K thut


II.2. M hnh ghp ni my tnh vi u cm kim tra luq-cpa trn my bay.... 40

II.2.1. Khi qut. .................................................................................................... 40

II.2.2. S ghp ni my tnh vi u cm kim tra luq-cpa trn my

bay Su-27. ...............................................................................................................

41

Chng III. khi ghp ni, chng trnh kim tra tham s ng c al-

31f trn my vi tnh

III.1. Thit k khi ghp ni. ........................................................................................ 43

III.1.1. t vn . ................................................................................................. 43

III.1.2. T chc phn cng cho khi ghp ni. ............................................... 43

III.1.3. Xy dng phn mm ca khi ghp ni. ............................................ 62

III.2. Xy dng chng trnh kim tra tham s ng c al-31f trn my vi

tnh......

67

III.2.1. Phn nhp d liu vo RAM. ................................................................ 70

III.2.2. Phn x l d liu. ................................................................................... 70

III.2.3. Phn x l ng h. ................................................................................. 71

III.2.4. Phn x l th. ..................................................................................... 73

III.2.5. Phn x l d liu. ................................................................................... 73

III.2.6. Phn x l a ra bng thng bo v tnh trng s c ca ng

c khi kim tra. ......................................................................................................

74

Kt lun v kin ngh.....................................................................................

Ph lc.............................................................................................................

Ti liu tham kho.........................................................................................

Lun vn Thc s K thut


DANH MC CH VIT TT, K HIU

vca - Hp ph tng my bay.

vna - Cc l hng dng ca vo ng c.

dqv - Truyn cm tc vng quay dng tn s.

cnd - My nn thp p.

cda - Hp ph tng ng c.

cvd - My nn cao p.

cpa - Thit b kim tra.

crd - T hp iu chnh ng c crd-99b.

np - Bm cao p np-96M.

nr - Bm iu chnh nr-31B.

oxc - Bung t chnh.

pnc - Bn kim tra mt t npc-99.

pnp - Bn kim tra mt t pnp-132b-1.

rx - Ming phun phn lc.

fc - Bung t tng lc.

KNG - Khi ghp ni.

MVT - My vi tnh.

TBN - Thit b ngoi vi.

VXL - Vi x l

Lun vn Thc s K thut


DANH MC CC BNG

Trang

Chng I. Kim tra tham s lm vic ca ng c al-31f khi m

my ng c mt t

Bng 1.1. Tham s ng c trn gin th..................................................... 2

Bng 1.2. Thnh phn cc thit b kim tra pnc-99 xepz 3....................... 4

Bng 1.3. Cc tham s kim tra tng ng vi cc loi truyn

cm.......

6

Bng 1.4. Cc chn cm mang thng tin ca u cm luq-cpa................ 15

Chng II. Xy dng m hnh ghp ni my tnh vi u cm

luq-cpa trn my bay

Bng 2.1. Chc nng chn cm cng my in............................................ 36

Bng 2.2. Chc nng chn cm ca cng ni tip RS-232 my tnh

PC

38

Ph lc

Bng 1.1. Cc tham s lin tc ca TECTER trn Su-27..........................

Bng 1.2. Cc lnh ngt qung ca TECTER trn Su-

27..........................

Bng 1.3. th chun ca cc tham s.......................................................

DANH MC CC HNH V, TH

Trang

Chng I. Kim tra tham s lm vic ca ng c al-31f khi m

Lun vn Thc s K thut


my ng c mt t

Hnh 1.1. S khi ca thit b kim tra khch quan.............................. 10

Hnh 1.2. Cu trc mt chu trnh ghi trn bng t...................................... 14

Hnh 1.3. S tn hiu ly ra mt chu k................................................... 16

Chng II. Xy dng m hnh ghp ni my tnh vi u cm

luq-cpa trn my bay

Hnh 2.1. Cu trc h trao i tin gia MVT v TBN............................... 18

Hnh 2.2. V tr v vai tr ca KGN............................................................... 23

Hnh 2.3. Cc cu trc ng dy lin h ca MVT v KGN................. 27

Hnh 2.4. Cc dng truyn s liu................................................................... 30

Hnh 2.5. S khi ca khi ghp ni........................................................ 33

Hnh 2.6. B tr chn cng my in ca my tnh PC.............................. 36

Hnh 2.7. B tr chn ca cng ni tip my tnh PC loi 25 chn..... 37

Hnh 2.8. B tr chn ca cng ni tip my tnh PC loi 9 chn....... 38

Hnh 2.9. S khi ghp ni gia u cm luq-cpa my bay vi

cng COM ca my tnh....................................................................................

42

Chng III. khi ghp ni, chng trnh kim tra tham s ng

c al-31f trn my vi tnh

Hnh 3.1. S chn tn hiu ca on-chp 80C51...................................... 44

Hnh 3.2. S chc nng ca on-chip 80C51........................................... 47

Hnh 3.3. T chc ca ( SFR ) trong R.......................................................... 49

Hnh 3.4. Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh PSW................................ 50

Hnh 3.5. T chc khng gian ca b nh chng trnh EPROM.......... 51

Hnh 3.6. Bng vector ngt ca ON-CHIP 80C51...................................... 52

Hnh 3.7. Khng gian ca b nh d liu RAM......................................... 53

Hnh 3.8. Phn on b nh RAM trong on-chip....................................... 54

Hnh 3.9. S t chc b nh d liu ngoi tr....................................... 55

Lun vn Thc s K thut


Hnh 3.10. To xung ng h cho on-chip................................................... 55

Hnh 3.11. Minh ho chu k my trn........................................................... 56

Hnh 3.12. S nguyn l IC chun mc CMOS-TTL phi hp u

vo...............................................................................................................

56

Hnh 3.13. S cu to v chn cm ca MAX 232............................... 57

Hnh 3. 14. Quy lut b sung, loi b ca queue........................................ 59

Hnh 3.15. Cch t chc queue........................................................................ 59

Hnh 3.16. S chc nng ca khi ghp ni........................................... 60

Hnh 3.17. S nguyn l truyn cng ni tip Mode 2.................... 61

Hnh 3.18. Chng trnh kim tra tham s ng c................................... 72

Hnh 3.19. Bng hin th trn cc ng h o tham s.............................. 73

Hnh 3.20. Bng th cc tham s ng c my bay.............................. 74

Hnh 3.21. Bng nhp v chnh sa s liu. ................................................ 75

Hnh 3.22. Bng kt lun v tnh trng ng c.......................................... 75

M U

Cng vi s pht trin ca Khoa hc - K thut ngy nay k thut in

t v k thut ch to vi in t cng lin tc c nhng tin b vt bc.

y l nhng bc tin tin cho s pht trin ca k thut vi x l l bc

Lun vn Thc s K thut


ngot quan trng trong s pht trin ca khoa hc my tnh v x l thng tin

v l cng c thc y s pht trin ca nhiu ngnh khoa hc khc.

K thut in t v k thut vi x l t lu c ng dng ph bin

trong cc trang thit b k thut ca ngnh hng khng. Vic trang b cc my

tnh s v h vi x l cho cc h thng trn my bay gip gii quyt d

dng v ti u hn cc bi ton do yu cu ca nhim v t ra, nng cao hiu

sut s dng v gim nh cc thit hi v kinh t trong qu trnh lm vic v

chin u i vi my bay dn s v my bay qun s.

Trong hu ht cc loi my bay th h mi ang s dng trong Qun

chng Phng khng-Khng qun Vit Nam SU-27 c s dng nh mt

my bay chin u v nh chn tm xa. N thng xuyn thc hin cc

chuyn bay trong cc nhim v chim u th trn khng v c th thc hin

gn nh mi nhim v chin u. c th thc hin tt nhim v trc khi

ct cnh SU-27 cn phi c kim tra tham s lm vic ca cc h thng

truyn ng v ng c, cng nh nh gi tnh trng cht lng ca cc thit

b. Theo phng php kim tra truyn thng th cc thit b o c s dng

ch yu l cc dng c hin th kiu kim v t hp bo n tn hiu v vy cc

thng tin c trng cho cc tham s cha c x l nn tnh tng hp v

nh gi hng hc c tp trung khng cao. Cng vic kim tra vn mang

tnh cht th cng cha t ng ho nn hiu qa cc tin trnh kim tra cn

thp.

Vic p dng k thut mi t ng ho hon ton qu trnh kim tra cc

tham s lm vic ca my bay bng my tnh s rt ngn thi gian, nng cao

cht lng ca qu trnh kim tra ng thi gip cho vic khai thc v s

dng c hiu qu cc trang thit b trn my bay. Vi tnh cp thit nh

trnh by trn ti chn ti " Thit k h thng t ng ho qu trnh

Lun vn Thc s K thut


kim tra tham s ng c chnh al-31f ca my bay SU27 " vi mc tiu

ca lun vn l:

- Nghin cu hot ng ca h thng kim tra tham s ng c chnh

al-31f ca my bay SU-27 t tm hiu phng php t chc thu thp v x

l s liu cng nh c im ca cc tham s cn kim tra v rt ra kt lun

v u im, nhc im ca h thng kim tra ang s dng.

- Da trn c s nhng nhc im ca h thng kim tra c, p dng

nhng tin b ca tin hc, khoa hc my tnh v vi x l trong o lng gim

st, thit k h thng kim tra mi cho php t ng ho hon ton qu trnh

kim tra, rt ngn thi gian v nng cao cht lng ca qu trnh kim tra.

B cc ca lun vn bao gm ba chng

Chng 1. Kim tra tham s lm vic ca ng c al-31f khi m my

ng c mt t.

Chng 2. Xy dng m hnh ghp ni my tnh vi u cm luq-cpa

trn my bay

Chng 3. Khi ghp ni, xy dng chng trnh kim tra tham s

ng c al-31f bng my vi tnh.

Trong qu trnh thc hin lun vn, ti xin chn thnh cm n s gip

nhit tnh ca thy gio hng dn PGS.TS Xun Tin, s gip ca

cc thy c trong b mn T ng ho Trng i hc K thut Cng nghip

Thi Nguyn, B mn Vi x l Hc vin K thut qun s, Khoa sau i hc

Trng i hc K thut Cng nghip Thi Nguyn.

Do hn ch v thi gian v ti liu tham kho nn lun vn chc chn

khng trnh khi s thiu st knh mong c s quan tm, gp ca cc

thy c v bn b ng nghip.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


Ti xin chn thnh cm n!

Thi Nguyn, ngy thng nm 2009

Hc vin

V Anh Tun

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 1 -

CHNG I

KIM TRA THAM S LM VIC CA NG C al-31f

KHI M MY NG C MT T

I.1 GII THIU CHUNG V NG C al-31f

ng c al-31f l loi ng c c hai gung nn (thp p cnd v cao p

cvd), hai lung kh (lung trong v lung ngoi). Dng kh ca c hai lung

s c trn chung sau tuc bin vo bung t tng lc ri qua ming

phun ra ngoi. ng c al-31f c cc thnh phn chnh sau y:

- My nn.

- Bung t chnh OKC.

- Tuc bin.

- Lung ngoi.

- Bung t tng lc fc v b phn trn 2 lung kh.

- Ming phun phn lc PC.

- Hp ph tng ng c cda v phn truyn ng cc trc ng c ti

b bin tc ca cc truyn cm tc vng quay thp p.

- Cc h thng: du nhn, du t, h thng chng ng bng v h

thng m my...

Trn mi my bay Su-27 c lp 2 ng c al-31f. Mi ng c c c

nh bng 3 im, hai im chnh nm trn ng chuyn tip ni gia my nn

thp p cnd v my nn cao p cvd lp trn khoang 38 ca my bay, mt im

b tr pha sau lp gia khung 45 v 45a ca my bay. Trc dc ca ng c

c lp song song vi trc i xng my bay, phn u ca ng c c

lp chc 30, phn ming phun lp chc 50 so vi phng ngang.

Mt s tnh nng c bn ca ng c:

- Lc y khi tng lc ton phn ch (b): 12500kg lc.

- Lc y khi ng c MAKC ch (b): 7500 kg lc.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 2 -

- Lng kh ln nht qua ng c: 112 kg/giy.

- T s nn (ca c cnd v cvd): 23,7.

- T s gin n ca tuc bin:

+ ch pf: 2,96.

+ ch MAKC: 3,1.

- H s phn kh gia 2 lung m = G1/G2 : 0,56.

- Trng lng ng c:

+ Trng lng rng: (1520 + 2%) kg.

+ Trng lng khi ng thng (1819 + 2%) kg k c crd v hp kp.

Bng 1.1. Tham s ng c trn gin th

Ch lm

vic ca .c

n1 n2 Lc y

kg lc

Sut tiu hao

nhin liu

kg/kg lc.gi

%

Vng/

pht

%

Vng/

pht

pf

b 98+1

-2 9996 1001 13300 12500-2%

1,92+0,04 ub 94+1-2 9590 971,5 12900 114002%1%

mf

b 98+1

-2 9996 10010,5 13300 8450

0,93+0,02 ub 94,5+1-2 9640 97,51,5 12970 8000

MAKC b 98

+1-2 9996 1001 13300 76702%

0,75+0,02 ub 94,5+1-2 9640 97,51,5 12970 7100 2%

mg 70 2 9300 250

H thng iu khin ch lm vic ca ng c al-31f l h thng

iu khin in thy lc gm c:

- T hp iu chnh ng c crd-99b.

- Bm iu chnh HP-31B.

- Khi iu khin ming phun v tng lc rxf-31v.

- Khi mi du tng lc 4033.

I.2. CC THAM S CN KIM TRA, PHNG PHP LY CC THAM

S CN KIM TRA KHI NG C al-31f LM VIC MT T.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 3 -

I.2.1. Cc tham s cn kim tra.

Cn c vo s hot ng ca ng c al-31f, vo qu trnh theo di v

x l cc thng tin v cht lng lm vic ca ng c mt t ta cn kim

tra v thu thp cc tham s ca ng c nh sau:

1. Tc vng quay r to thp p n1 ca ng c di dng in p

xoay chiu tn s thay i t (7 100)Hz hoc (0,3 3)KHz vi sai s khng

qu 4%. Thang o ca ng h ch th t (0 115)% tc thc ca n1.

2. Tc vng quay r to thp p n2 ca ng c di dng in p

xoay chiu tn s thay i t (7 100)Hz hoc (0,3 3)KHz vi sai s khng

qu 4%. Thang o ca ng h ch th t (0 115)% tc thc ca n2.

3. V tr gc l hng dng my nn thp p ca ng c pcnd di

dng in p mt chiu thay i t (0 6,3)V vi sai s khng vt qu 2,5%,

thang o ca ng h ch th t 00 n 1200.

4. V tr gc l hng dng my nn cao p ca ng c pcbd di

dng in p mt chiu thay i t (0 6,3)V vi sai s khng vt qu 2,5%,

thang o ca ng h ch th t 00 n 1200.

5. ng knh ming phun drx di dng in p mt chiu t (0 6,3)V,

thang o ca ng h (0 120)cm.

6. rung ca thn ng c di dng in p mt chiu, thay i t

(0 6,3)V vi sai s khng vt qu 11,5% thang o ca ng h.

7. Cc loi p sut du nhn, p sut nhin liu di dng in p mt

chiu thay i t (0 6,3)V, vi sai s khng qu 2,5% thang o ca ng h.

8. Cc loi p sut khng kh di dng in p mt chiu thay i t

(0 6,3)V vi sai s khng qu 2,5% thang o ca ng h.

I.2.2. Phng php ly cc tham s cn kim tra.

I.2.2.1. Phng php ly cc tham s cn kim tra t cc truyn cm thng

qua u cm ca thit b kim tra pnc-99.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 4 -

a. Thnh phn.

Thit b kim tra tham s ng c lm vic mt t pnc-99 xepz 3

thnh phn gm cc thit b trong bng 1.2

Bng 1.2. Thnh phn cc thit b kim tra pnc-99 xepz 3

Stt Tn thit b S lng

1 Bn kim tra mt t pnc-99 xepz 3 1

2 Dy ni wx-99 1

3 Dy ko di wu-99 1

4 Dy b tr wd-99 1

5 Truyn cm p sut icd6tda-1500 2

6 Truyn cm p sut icd6tdf-4 2

7 Truyn cm p sut dt-40 hoc icd6td-25 3

8 Truyn cm p sut dt-60 1

9 Truyn cm bo rung ng c 1

10 Hp ph tng

Cu ch vp 2b-1 , 2,04 250V

n CM-28 -1,5

1

2

1

b. Nhng tham s thit b kim tra pnc-99 kim tra c khi ng c al-31f

lm vic mt t.

1. Vng quay r to ca my nn thp p nrnd.

2. Vng quay r to ca my nn cao p nrbd.

3. Gc xoay l hng dng my nn thp p cnd.

4. Gc xoay l hng dng my nn cao p cvd.

5. ng knh ming phun drx.

6. rung ng c.

7. p sut du nhn PM.

8. p sut du nhn ca hp ph tng PMBKA.

9. p sut khng kh ca b BBT.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 5 -

10. p sut khng kh ca vo ng c P1.

11. p sut khng kh sau tuc bin thp p P4 hoc P4*.

12. p sut nhin liu bung t chnh PTOK.

13. p sut khng kh ca vo ca b trao i nhit (lm mt).

14. p sut khng kh sau my nn cao p P2.

15. p sut khng kh ca vo ca b trao i nhit Pq1P.

16. p sut nhin liu bung t tng lc Ptfc.

c. Phng php o cc tham s ca ng c bng thit b kim tra mt t pnc-99.

- Vng quay r to ca my nn thp p nrnd, vng quay r to ca my nn

cao p nrbd ly t truyn cm d3 c o bng ng h ite-2t [nrnd/1/, nrbd/2/].

- Gc xoay l hng dng cnd, cvd v ng knh ming phun drx t truyn

cm dx-11 c a ti cc ng h ip 33-05 (n1,n2) [cnd/1/, cvd/2/, drx/1/].

- rung ca v ng c ly t truyn cm MB-27-1 o bng ng h

uc-68v [ vibrajiz ].

- p sut du nhn, p sut nhin liu v cc loi p sut khng kh

c ly t cc truyn cm icd6t hoc loi truyn cm dt c ch th trn

ng h o bng Microampe PA1, PA2.

Cn lu khi thit b lm vic vi loi truyn cm no th phi t

chuyn mch SA3 v tr tng ng. V ch c hai ng h ch th nn cc

loi p sut kim tra trn ng c ch kim tra c ng thi 2 loi cng mt

lc tc ch mc 2 truyn cm ng thi cng mt lc. Cc loi truyn cm

dng ly tn hiu kim tra ph thuc vo cc tham s cn kim tra (cc loi

truyn cm v cc tham s cn kim tra ta c th xem bng 1.3)

Cc tn hiu analog t cc truyn cm c a n cc c cu ch th

trn my bay v cc c cu ch th trn thit b kim tra pnc-99. Trn cc chn

cm ca u cm vo thit b kim tra pnc-99 ta ch nhn c cc tn hiu t

18.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 6 -

Bng 1.3. Cc tham s kim tra tng ng vi cc loi truyn cm

Stt Cc tham s K hiu Loi truyn

cm Ghi ch

1 p sut du nhn PM icd6tdf-4

2 p sut du kh Pxufl icd6tda-1500

3 p sut du nhn BKA PM BKA icd6tda-1500

4 p sut khng kh ca

vo ng c

P1*

icd6tda-1500

5 p sut khng kh sau

tua bin thp p

P4* (P4) icd6tdf-4

6 p sut nhin liu bung

t chnh

PTOK dt-60

7 p sut ca BBT Pqt6 dt-40

8 p sut khng kh sau

my nn cao p

P2 dt-40

9 p sut ca ra BBT Pq17 dt-40

10 p sut nhin liu bung

t tng lc

Ptfc dt-40

d. nh gi u nhc im ca phng php.

*u im:

- Phng php o cc tham s ca ng c bng thit b kim tra mt

t pnc-99 cho ta gi tr thc ca tn hiu, n t l vi cc tham s cn kim

tra t truyn cm gn trn ng c.

- Tn hiu thu c l gi tr tc thi v lin tc trong sut qu trnh o

nu x l tt s cho kt qu o c chnh xc cao.

* Nhc im:

- Tn hiu o thu c t cc truyn cm l tn hiu in dng tng

t c bin nh nu x l khng tt s nh hng n kt qu ca php o.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 7 -

- Mi quan h hm s gia tn hiu o thu c t cc truyn cm v

cc tham s vt l cn kim tra khng tuyn tnh nn vic x l tn hiu phc

tp.

I.2.2.2. Phng php ly cc tham s cn kim tra bng u cm kim tra

luq-cpa ca h thng kim tra khch quan TECTER.

Trn mi my bay Su-27 c trang b mt h thng kim tra khch quan

(TECTER) n c nhim v ghi li cc tham s v nh gi tnh trng lm vic

ca ton b cc thit b trn my bay trong c ng c al-31f tn hiu cung

cp cho TECTER c ly t u cm luq-cpa.

a. Mt s nt c bn v thit b kim tra khch quan (TECTER).

Thit b kim tra khch quan TECTER-Y3 xeri 3 dng thu thp,

bin i v ghi vo bng t cc thng tin c trng cho trng thi k thut ca

my bay, v tr ca my bay trong khng gian v thao tc ca phi cng trong

qu trnh bay nhm phc v cho vic iu tra tai nn bay, cho phi cng t hc

tp nng cao trnh ca mnh cng nh gio vin kim tra c vic thc

hin cc bi bay ca phi cng.

a.1. Tnh nng k thut.

Thit b kim tra khch quan TECTER-Y3 xeri 3 s dng trn Su-27

ghi c cc tham s sau:

- 59 tham s lin tc (xem bng 1-1 ph lc) bao gm:

+ 37 tham s tn hiu thay i t (0 6,3)V.

+ 4 tham s o tn s t (7 100)Hz hoc (0,3 3)KHz.

+ 2 tham s kim tra in p ngun 27V.

+ 2 tham s kim tra in p ngun 115V, 400Hz.

+ 2 tham s tn hiu mt chiu in p (0 50)mV (dng o nhit ).

+ 5 tham s m nh phn.

+ 7 tham s dch v.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 8 -

- 56 tn hiu ngt qung (xem bng 1-2 ph lc).

Cc tham s khc bao gm:

- Sai s ti hin cc tn hiu lin tc khng vt qu (0,1 3,3)%, sai

s ghi thi gian khng vt qu 0,35%.

- Tn s ghi cc tham s (1 8) ln trong mt giy ch 256 ln ghi

trong mt giy v (2 16) ln trong mt giy ch 512 ln ghi trong mt

giy.

Thi gian ghi cc tham s l 3 gi cui cng ca chuyn bay ch

256 ln ghi trong mt giy hoc 1,5 gi cui cng ca chuyn bay ch

512 ln ghi trong mt giy. Thi gian chun b cho h thng lm vic khng

qu 5 pht khi nhit t (-200C 600)C. Thi gian sang bng v ti hin

thng tin trong 3 gi ghi khng qu 30 pht. in p cung cp (18 33)V v

cng sut tiu hao tnh t u ra ca khi ngun khng qu 10W.

Cc thng tin c trng v trng thi k thut ca my bay sau khi thu

thp s c ghi trong khi 2Tv v c bo v trong cc iu kin sau:

+ Chu c ngp trong xng, du t, cc du thu lc v dung dch

cht chy khng qu 2 gi.

+ Chu ngp trong nc bin khng di 36 gi.

+ Chu c ti trng va p khng nh hn 1000 ln.

+ Chu c nng nhit 11100C trong vng 15 pht.

+ Cc thng tin ghi trong bng bo qun trong iu kin bnh thng

trong nh kho cho php trong vng 60 ngy m.

Vic sao chp li thng tin ln bng t khc c tin hnh nh thit b

obkor - mp tc sang bng nhanh gp 10 ln tc ghi trn my bay. Gii

m thng tin ghi c mt t c thc hin nh t hp topak, kh nng

lm vic ca h thng c kim tra bng cc mch t kim tra trong khi

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 9 -

5tv. Thit b bo m lm vic tt trong iu kin rung xc tun hon vi tn

s t (5 2000) Hz.

a.2. Thnh phn.

Thit b kim tra khch quan TECTER-Y3 xeri 3 bao gm cc khi

sau:

- Khi thu nhp thng tin 1tv.

- Khi tch ly v bo v thng tin 2tv.

- Khi t cc tham s dch v 5tv.

- Khi phi hp bx 1-02.

- Cc truyn cm tn hiu.

- u cm kim tra luq-cpa.

a.3. Nguyn l bin i v ghi cc thng tin ln bng t.

Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b kim tra khch quan c th hin trn

s chc nng hnh 1.5.

Cc tn hiu t cc truyn cm u c a vo khi 1tv, tn hiu

tng t c a vo di hai dng:

- Dng c chun ho vi tn hiu u vo ca khi c a

thng vo khu chuyn mch tn hiu tng t phn phi n khu bin

i m tn s pqc-1, pqc-2 hoc m in p pnc. Cc tn hiu chun ho i

vi khi 1tv l cc in p mt chiu thay i t (06,3)V nh: cc tn hiu

ca truyn cm mu-616, mp-95, dvi, dxi, dau-72, ixtr2-4, dx-11v...

- Dng tn hiu cha c chun ho vi tn hiu u vo ca khu

bin i m in p v tn s nh: cc tn hiu ca truyn cm nhit T-99

(tn hiu thay i t (0 50)mV); cc tn hiu xoay chiu 36V, f = 400 Hz; tn

hiu mt chiu 27 V; cc tn hiu t l vi in tr thay i. Cc tn hiu ny

phi i qua thit b phi hp trong

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 10 -

Khi

to t

ham

s d

ch v

Khi

to t

n h

iu

ng h

th

ng

Khi

bo

v

i

n

p d

i

480v

T

i khi

1T

v

Kh

i

ch

th

bu

r

r[g

ixtr

ato

r G

hi

5tv

ix

pr

5 T

v t

t

F1

, F

2,

F3

pd

C

c c

u c

h

F1

, F

2,

F3

t

t

L

i

i

n k

hn

cp

K

hi

5tv

5T

V

17

- 3

1v

Mc

h k

im

tra

khi

2T

v

Khuc

h

i t

o

dn

g

Khu

s

i

m

Mc

h

c

ng

c

Mc

h

iu

kh

in b

ng t

ay

C

cu

quay

bn

g

u

t

K

huc

h

ai

gh

i +

27v

chis

n

h

n

u

c

m

M.B

Khi

2T

v

Mc

h k

im

tra

pq

c

Mc

h k

im

tra

pn

c

Mc

h k

im

tra

kh

i

1T

B

Mc

h k

im

tr

a b

ur

Mc

h k

im

tr

a c

c c

u c

h

B chuyn mch ghi trn bng t (cmn )

B khuch i

Khi

thu n

hn

m

nh

phn

l

ng

cc

v

ca

s

t

ki

m t

ra

Kh

u c

hu

yn

mc

h

xu

ng

v

tham

s

d

ch v

pn

c

pq

c-1

pq

c-2

Khu chuyn mch tn hiu tng t

Thi

t b

phi

h

p n

goi

Cc

tru

yn

cm

tn h

in t

ng

t

Thi

t b

phi

h

p t

rong

Khu

to

tn

hi

u

i

u k

hi

n

B n

gun

Khu

chuyn

mc

h

bx v

s

t

o

bx

c

a ra

+12,6

v

+6,3

v

+6,1

35

v

+5v

-15v

-12,6

v

T

khi

5T

B

17

-31v

Tn

hi

u

ng

ngun

a1 b

1 a

2 b

2

M

mc

h t

ki

m t

ra

ecra

n

Xung n

h

phn

bx

(nh

phn

) 1gi

y

Kh

u t

o

th

i g

ian

Kh

u

t

tham

s d

ch

v

t

ng

B

n

p

+1

2,5

v

18-3

1v

Ti u cm MB

Khi 1Tv 111tv

Hnh 1.1. S khi ca thit b kim tra khch quan.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 11 -

Khu phi hp i vi cc tn hiu ca truyn cm cp nhit T-99 gm

c b bin i in p mt chiu thnh xoay chiu, b khuch i v b chnh

lu. b tc ng nh hng ca nhit bn ngoi ta s dng b b nhit

vi cc phn t v t cc it.

Khu phi hp vi cc tn hiu 36V, 400Hz l b chnh lu 2 na chu

k lm bng cc it, khi in p u vo thay i t (0 40)V th in p

mt chiu ra thay i t (0 6,3)V.

Khu phi hp i vi tn hiu 115V, 400 Hz l b chia in p v b

nn dng mt pha mt na chu k, khi in p xoay chiu u vo thay i

t (0 125)V th in p mt chiu u ra thay i t (0 6.3)V.

Khu phi hp i vi in p mt chiu 27V l b chia in p bng

in tr, khi in p thay i t (0 33)V th in p mt chiu ra thay i t

(0 6,3)V.

Khu phi hp i vi cc truyn cm dng in tr l cc mch trong

b chuyn mch v khuch i, cc in tr ny c cung cp bi ngun

in n nh 6,3V. Cc tn hiu sau khi qua cc thit b phi hp c chun

ho bin i thnh tn hiu thay i t (0 6,3)V u c a n u vo

ca khu chuyn mch tn hiu tng t.

Khu chuyn mch tn hiu tng t cn c vo quy trnh o cc tham

s, s ln lt chuyn i tn hiu ca chng a n khu bin i m in

p pnc v m tn s pqc ri a qua b chuyn mch tch ly t KMH.

Khu bin i m in p pnc nm trong khi 1tv dng bin i in

p mt chiu thay i t (0 6,3)V thnh m nh phn song song 9 bt.

Trong khi 1tv c hai b bin i m tn s pqc-1 v pqc-2 dng

bin i tn s tn hiu ca cc truyn cm tc vng quay ng c thnh

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 12 -

m nh phn 14 bt v c ghi ln 2 a ch. Tn hiu sau khi bin i thnh

dng m c a n b chuyn mch ghi trn bng t KMH t trong khi

1tv.

B chuyn mch KMH dng chuyn mch tn hiu a n b

khuch i ghi trong khi 2tv ph hp vi trnh t v chu k ghi tng tn hiu.

Trnh t ghi c to bi b to tn hiu iu khin trong khi 1tv.

Tn hiu ngt qung t cc truyn cm qua khu chuyn mch tn hiu

ngt qung (nh phn) bx v s to tn hiu ngt qung ca khi 1tv c

a ti khu khuch i ghi trong khi 2tv a n u t ghi li trn bng

t.

My pht dao ng thch anh vi tn s 81.920 KHz bo m s lm

vic ng b ca cc khu v cc khi trong thit b kim tra khch quan.

Mi chu k ghi l mt giy, c ngha l tt c cc tham s t cc truyn

cm tn hiu c ghi trn bng t t nht mt ln trong mt giy (tr cc

tham s dch v). Thit b kim tra khch quan c 2 ch ghi l ch 256

php o trong mt giy v 512 php o trong mt giy. Cc ch ny tng

ng c gi tt l ch 256 v ch 512. Vic chuyn t ch

256 sang ch 512 c thc hin t ng khi c tn hiu bo hng,

ch 256 (tn hiu in p 27 V). Thi gian chuyn t ch 256 sang

ch 512 khong (12) giy. Khi tt ch 512 th thit b kim tra

khch quan vn cn tip tc lm vic ch ny 8 giy na, sau mi t

ng chuyn sang ch 256. Vic ghi trn bng t ch 512 cng

tng t nh ch 256 ch khc l tt c qu trnh u xy ra nhanh gp

hai ln, c ngha l mt chu trnh ghi ca thit b kim tra khch quan ch

512 ch ko di trong vng 0,5 giy.

Tc quay bng t ch 512 tng ln 2 ln. ch 256 mi

ln o chim khong 4 miligiy (ms), mi ln o phi chuyn mch cc

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 13 -

truyn cm a n u vo ca cc khu bin i m, sau khuch i

xung m ghi trn bng t trong khi 2tv. Qu trnh k trn tn km 0,5

giy. V vy khi cn o 4 tn hiu tn s t l vi tc vng quay ca 4

truyn cm tc vng quay ca ng c ta phi s dng 2 khu bin i m

tn s pqc khi tn hiu m ca tn s o cng c ghi trn bng t bt th

1 n bt th 8.

Nhng tn hiu nh phn c ghi bng 10 ng. Ngoi cc tham s

bay v cc tham s dch v, trn bng t cn c ghi xung bt u chu trnh

inj vi tn s l 1Hz, xung ny c ghi trng vi ln o th nht v xung

nhp ti vi tn s 256 Hz lch vi cc xung tn hiu mt na nhp (2ms) nhm

gim sai s do lch bng t gy ra khi ti hin. Cu trc ca mt chu trnh ghi

trn bng t nh hnh 1.2. Gi tr ca mt t thng tin tn hiu c xc nh

bng cc xung m nm gia hai nhp xung lin nhau. a ch ca tn hiu ghi

c tnh bng s th t ca xung nhp tnh t u chu trnh.

Chng ta kho st mt chu trnh ghi ca thit b kim tra khch quan.

ln o th nht (a ch th nht) thit b tin hnh kim tra in p u vo

ca b bin i m in p, khi h mch tt c u vo ca khu chuyn

mch (khi 1tv), khi in p o c phi bng khng, m tn hiu ny

c a n s kim tra chnh xc ca khu bin i m in p v

a n b ghi trn bng t. ng thi vi ln o th nht, b chuyn mch

cng vi cc truyn cm tn s dvbi-1 v dvbi-2 vi cc ca vo ca pqc-1,

pqc-2. Tn hiu nh du bt u chu trnh inj cng c to ra trong ln o

ny. Tn hiu ny a n s t kim tra b pnc a chng v trng thi

ban u.

Cc m v thng tin tn hiu bin i theo in p qua b bin i pnc

c ghi trn cc a ch ca chng, gi tr ca mt t thng tin tn hiu xc

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 14 -

nh bng gi tr t ghi trn a ch tng ng ca chng v ghi theo m nh

phn 9 bt.

cc a ch 126 v 127, 128 v 129, 251 v 252, 253 v 254 ghi cc

m bin i theo tn s qua b bin i pqc-1 v pqc-2 vi gi tr ca mt t

thng tin tn hiu l 14 bt .

a ch 1 2 3 4 5 6 59 60 61 254 255 2561 2 3 Chiu chuyn ng bng sang tri

13 bx

14 Bt 2

15 Bt 4

16 Bt 6

17 Bt 8

18 ti

19 inj

20 Bt 7

21 Bt 5

22 Bt 3

23 Bt 1

24 Bt 0

ng

s

ng

s

Thng

tin

Bt 0

1

Bt 1

2

Bt 3

3

Bt 5

4

Bt 7

5

inj 6

Ti 7

Bt 8

8

Bt 6

9

Bt 4

10

Bt 2

11

bx 12

Chiu chuyn ng bng sang phi 4 3 2 1 256 255 61 60 59 6 5 4 3 2 1 a ch

Hnh 1.2. Cu trc mt chu trnh ghi trn bng t

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 15 -

Na s bt c trng s thp (8 bt) c ghi cc a ch 126, 128, 251 v 253

(bt th nht c ghi trn ng ghi s 1), na s bt c trng s cao (6 bt)

c ghi cc a ch 127, 129, 252 v 254 (bt th nht c ghi trn ng

ghi s 1).

a ch th 255, cc b bin i m tn s quay v v tr ban u.

b. Cc tn hiu thu c t u cm kim tra luq-cpa kim tra tham s lm

vic ca ng c al-31f.

u cm luq-cpa c 50 chn cm ly ra v x l thng tin y ta

ch quan tm n cc chn cm mang thng tin tham s lin tc v tn hiu

ngt qung cng vi xung bt u chu trnh inj v xung nhp Ti a ra t khi

1tv. Cc chn ny xem trn bng 1.4.

Bng 1.4. Cc chn cm mang thng tin ca u cm luq-cpa

Stt Chn

s

Thng

tin mang ngha

1 15 Bt 0

9 bt, tn hiu song song ghi gi tr

m thng tin tham s lin tc.

2 16 Bt 1

3 17 Bt 2

4 18 Bt 3

5 19 Bt 4

6 20 Bt 5

7 21 Bt 6

8 22 Bt 7

9 23 Bt 8

10 24 bx Xung lnh n

11 25 inj Xung nh du bt u chu trnh f =1Hz

12 26 ti Xung nhp f = 256Hz, biu th 256 a ch

S tn hiu ly ra mt chu k, th hin 256 a ch ca cc tn hiu

thng tin tham s bay dng m (code) trn hnh 1.3. Gi tr cc tham s ta thu

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 16 -

c trn cc a ch dnh cho cc tham s theo nh phn b bng gi tr

ca t tp hp cc bt xut hin trn cc ng tn hiu bt. V gi tr ta thu

c ny l gi tr m ca cc tham s nn mun nhn c gi tr thc ca

cc tham s cn kim tra ta phi i chiu vi bng so snh tng ng gia

gi tr m v gi tr thc ca tng tham s, bng so snh ta gi l bng d

liu chun, hay gi l bng th chun. Bng d liu chun ca cc tham s

kim tra ng c, xem bng 1.3 ph lc.

1 2 3 4 5 6 59 60 61 255 256 1 2 3 4 a ch Chn Bt

15 Bt 0

16 Bt 1 17 Bt 2 18 Bt 3 19 Bt 4 20 Bt 5 21 Bt 6 22 Bt 7 23 Bt 8 24 bx 25 inj 26 ti

Hnh 1.3. S tn hiu ly ra mt chu k

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 17 -

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 17 -

CHNG II

XY DNG M HNH GHP NI MY TNH VI U CM

LUQ-CPA TRN MY BAY

Qua nghin cu, phn tch cc tham s lm vic ca ng c al-31f khi

m my mt t v cc phng php thu thp tn hiu mang thng tin v

tham s lm vic ca ng c chng 1 ta thy:

- Phng php ly tn hiu analog t cc chn cm ca cc truyn cm

a n u cm ca thit b kim tra pnc-99 gy kh khn cho ta trong vic

ly tn hiu o. Mun ly c tn hiu phi trch cc chn cm do khng c

u cm sn c trn my bay, iu ny dn n mt s tn hiu nh nh nhit

, p sut.v.v... c th b tn hao gy nh hng n cc tham s ca ng

c khi a ln cc ng h ch th trn my bay.

- Phng php ly tn hiu t u cm kim tra luq-cpa l mt bin

php thun li nht v n l mt u cm c thit k sn ni vi cc

thit b kim tra mt t. Tuy nhin vi phng php ny cn phi thit k

c khi ghp ni trung gian gia u cm luq-cpa v my tnh.

T nhng nhn xt trn ti chn phng n ly tn hiu t u cm

kim tra luq-cpa kim tra v hin th cc tham s ng c al-31f khi lm

vic mt t.

II.1. I CNG V K THUT GHP NI MY TNH.

Tt c cc my tnh ni chung u c cu trc gm c cc phn t c

bn l b x l trung tm (CPU), b nh (M) v cc ca vo ra (I/O) hnh 2.1.

B x l trung tm hay vi x l (VXL) ca my tnh thc hin chui

cc lnh ca chng trnh ghi trong b nh. Cc ca vo ra cn gi l cc

khi ghp ni gia thit b ngoi vi v vi x l n lm nhim v trao i

thng tin gia vi x l v mi trng bn ngoi (cc thit b ngoi vi (TBN)

v ngi iu hnh).

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 18 -

II.1.1. Yu cu trao i thng tin ca my tnh vi mi trng bn ngoi.

My tnh c yu cu trao i thng tin (a thng tin ra, nhn thng tin

vo) vi mi trng bn ngoi, cc dng trao i thng tin ny bao gm:

- Trao i thng tin vi ngi iu hnh thng qua thit b ngoi vi

thng dng nh l bn phm, mn hnh.

- Trao i thng tin vi cc thit b ngoi vi thng dng nh: my c

bng (t giy), cc b nh ngoi vi (bng t, a t), my in, v.v...

- Trao i thng tin vi cc thit b ngoi vi khc trong cc h o iu

khin vt l v k thut.

- Trao i thng tin vi cc my tnh trong mng nhiu my tnh.

VXL

Nh

ROM

Nh

RAM

KGN

Bn phm

Mn hnh

KGN

My in

KGN

Nh ngoi vi

KGN

Song song

Ni tip

cotroller

KG

N 1

KG

N 2

Cc khi in T chc nng

My in

Song song

Nh ngoi vi in t quang

KGN ni tip song

song

Ngi iu hnh

MT khc TBN thng dng

Hnh 2.1. Cu trc h trao i tin gia MVT v TBN

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 19 -

II.1.1.1. Yu cu trao i tin vi ngi iu hnh.

trao i thng tin vi my tnh ngi iu hnh (ngi s dng) cn

a lnh (di dng ch) v s liu (di dng s) vo my tnh thao tc ny

gi l thao tc nhp d liu. Thao tc nhp d liu thng c thc hin qua

bn phm hoc qua mt s thit b ngoi vi khc. i vi thao tc nhp d

liu t bn phm khi ngi iu hnh thao tc g vo cc phm th cc m

tng ng vi chng (thng dng m ASCII quc t) c to ra v c

truyn vo b nh ca my tnh ng thi hin th ln mn hnh cc k th

tng ng vi cc phm bm. Khi mun quan st chng trnh hay s

liu ghi nh trong b nh ngi iu hnh ch cn gi yu cu bng cch

nhp cc lnh t bn phm, my tnh s t ng xut kt qu ra mn hnh.

Trong thc t mt my tnh c th ni vi nhiu thit b u cui

(Terminal), b phn nhp lnh iu khin bao gm mt bn phm v mt mn

hnh, c t nhng v tr thun tin mt hay nhiu ngi iu hnh trao

i thng tin vi my tnh vi cc mc ch khc nhau (bn hng, mua hng,

thu tin, trao i th t v iu khin cng nghip ,v.v...).

II.1.1.2. Yu cu trao i thng tin vi thit b ngoi vi thng dng.

Cc thit b ngoi vi thng dng l cc thit b ti thiu thng dng

cho mt h my tnh dng a thng tin vo v ra chng bao gm.

a. Cc thit b u vo.

- My c bng giy: my c tin lu tr trn bng giy b c l.

- My qut (Scanner) quang hc: my c ti liu in theo phng php

qut bng mt chm sng.

- Chut (Mouse), bn phm (Key board): ngi iu hnh s dng bn

phm (chut) chn thc n (danh sch chng trnh) hoc nhp lnh gi

cc yu cu.

b. Cc thit b ngoi vi u ra.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 20 -

- My in ch, s (en trng hoc mu) in chng trnh (dng ch) v

s liu (dng s) trn bng giy.

- My c bng giy: biu din v lu tr thng tin (ch v s) trn

bng giy di dng cc l (cho tn hiu 1) v khng (cho tn hiu 0).

c. Cc b nh ngoi vi:

Cc b nh ngoi vi lu tr, my tnh c th a thng tin lu

tr v ly thng tin ra khi c.

II.1.1. 3. Yu cu trao i thng tin vi thit b ngoi vi khc.

Tu h s dng my tnh m ngoi cc thit b thng dng trn my

tnh cn cn trao i tin vi cc thit b ngoi vi chuyn dng khc, ch

trn ng dy ONLINE (ni mch trc tuyn).

Trong h o vt l my tnh cn nhn cc tn hiu vt l (nhit , p

sut, lc, dng in,v.v...) di dng tn hiu in c m ho do cc b

pht in (detector), cm bin (sensor), b chuyn i (tranducer) cung cp.

Hn na my tnh cn nhn cc tn hiu v trng thi sn sng hay cha sn

sng ca cc thit b o.

Trong h o lng - iu khin my tnh cn nhn thng tin v s liu

o, v trng thi thit b o. a thng tin v s chp nhn tao i thng tin

vi thit b ngoi vi, v lnh iu khin cc c cu chp hnh (cc ng c

servo, cc van ng, m, cc thit b ng ngt mch in,v.v...) v v cc

thng s k thut thit b.

Trong cc h lu tr v biu din thng tin, my tnh cn a thng tin

ra lu tr trn bng t, a t, bng giy v a compac (CD-ROM), biu

din kt qu o di dng bng s liu, dng th trn giy ca my v

(plotter) hay trn mn hnh ca thit b u cui (terminal).

II.1.1.4. Yu cu trao i thng tin trong mng my tnh.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 21 -

Mt my tnh trong mng cn trao i tin vi nhiu ngi s dng

mng, vi nhiu my tnh khc, vi nhiu thit b ngoi vi, nh cc thit b

u cui, cc b nh ngoi vi, cc thit b lu tr v biu din thng tin.

II.1.2. Cc dng thng tin v loi thng tin trao i gia my tnh v thit

b ngoi vi.

II.1.2.1. Cc dng thng tin.

My tnh trao i (nhn thng tin vo v a thng tin ra) thng tin

di dng s v cc mc lgic 0 v 1 (mc TTL 0V v 5V). Thit b ngoi vi

trao i thng tin vi vi my tnh di nhiu dng khc nhau nh dng s,

dng ch - s, dng tng t, dng m tn hnh sin tun hon.

a. Dng s (digital).

L chui cc bt 0 hay 1 c bin i theo h nh phn (binary), h

tm (octal), h 16 (hexadecimal), l thng tin ca bn phm n gin (ng

ngt mch mc ni tip mt ngun in 5V qua mt in tr c 1 k). Thng

tin ny c th a thng vo ng dy s liu (D0 D7) ca my tnh qua

mt thanh ghi m. Ngc li thng tin dng s t vi x l cng c a

qua ng dy s liu (D0 - D7) ca my tnh ra cc n ch th mc bng it

pht quang (LED) hay ch th 7 on (qua gii m 2 7 on).

b. Dng ch - s m ASCII

C nhiu cch biu din trn dng ch (A - Z) v cc ch s (0 9)

trong m in thoi quc t ASCII l thng dng. Mi ch ci hoc con s

c biu din bi t hp 7 hay 8 bt nh phn (0 hay 1). Nh vy bn phm

phi c b to cc m ASCII trn, khi ngi iu hnh bm phm no ca

bn phm, my tnh s m ho phm tng ng sang dng m ASCII v khi

xut d liu ra mn hnh my tnh s m ho m ASCII ca phm thnh dng

k t ch hay s ng vi phm c chn.

c. Dng thng tin (analog)

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 22 -

Cc thng tin vt l nhn c thng di dng mt tn hiu in, c

th l mt in th u hoc dng in i bin thin v tn ti trong mt khong

thi gian t no (gi l tn hiu tng t). my tnh c th nhn bit

c tn hiu tng t ny ta phi bin i n thnh dng s (0 hay 1) tc lm

ri rc ho theo thi gian v lng t ho theo bin (bin i A/D). Ngc

li, a tn hiu iu khin hoc o lng dng s t my tnh ra thit b

ngoi lm vic vi tn hiu tng t ta phi bin i cc thng tin dng s

thnh tng t (bin i D/A).

d. Dng m tn hnh sin

Ting ni ca con ngi cng c th c my tnh nhn v truyn i.

Mun vy phi c qu trnh bin i t dng m tn hnh sin sang dng s v

ngc li t dng s sang dng m tn.

II.1.2.2. Cc loi thng tin.

a. Cc thng tin a ra thit b ngoi vi.

- Thng tin v a ch: l thng tin ca a ch thit b ngoi vi hay

chnh xc hn l a ch thanh ghi m ca khi ghp ni (KGN) i din cho

thit b ngoi vi.

- Thng tin v lnh iu khin: l cc tn hiu iu khin khi

ghp ni hay thit b ngoi vi nh ng, m thit b, c hoc ghi mt thanh

ghi, cho php hay tr li yu cu hnh ng.v.v...

- Thng tin v s liu: l cc s liu cn a ra cho thit b ngoi vi.

b. Cc thng tin nhn t thit b ngoi vi.

- Thng tin v trng thi ca thit b ngoi vi: l cc thng tin v s

sn sng hay yu cu trao i thng tin, thng tin v trng thi sai (li) ca

thit b ngoi vi.

- Thng tin v s liu: l cc s liu cn a vo my tnh.

II.1.3. Vai tr, nhim v v chc nng ca khi ghp ni.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 23 -

II.1.3.1. Vai tr.

Khi ghp ni nm gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi (xem hnh 2.2) n

ng vai tr bin i v trung chuyn thng tin (nhn v truyn) gia chng.

Khi a thng tin t my tnh ra thit b ngoi vi khi ghp ni ng vai tr

nhn thng tin t my tnh v truyn thng tin cho thit b ngoi vi. Khi a

thng tin t thit b ngoi vi vo my tnh khi ghp ni ng vai tr nhn

thng tin t thit b ngoi vi v truyn thng tin cho my tnh. Nh vy trong

c hai trng hp, khi ghp ni ng vai tr trung chuyn thng tin, va

nhn (th ng) va pht (ch ng).

II.1.3.2. Nhim v.

Khi ghp ni lm nhim v phi hp trao i thng tin gia my tnh

v thit b ngoi vi v mc v cng sut ca tn hiu, v dng thng tin v

phng thc trao i thng tin.

a. Phi hp v mc v cng sut tn hiu.

- Mc tn hiu ca my tnh thng l mc TTL (0V, 5V) trong khi

thit b ngoi vi c th c mc min, v d mc in thoi ( 15V, 48V). Do

, khi ghp ni phi bin i cc mc trn cho ph hp.

Ngun pht

MVT

Ngun nhn

Ngun Ngun nhn pht

Ngun Ngun pht nhn

Ngun nhn

TBN

Ngun pht

Ghp ni Ghp ni ng dy ng dy MT TBN

Hnh 2.2. V tr v vai tr ca KGN

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 24 -

- Cng sut ca ng dy my tnh thng rt nh (c chc mW)

trong khi cn cng sut ln hn cho thit b ngoi vi. Do , khi ghp ni

phi bin i cng sut cho ph hp (khuch i cng sut).

thc hin c chc nng trao i thng tin gia thit b ngoi vi v

my tnh ngi ta thng dng vi mch 3 trng thi a thng tin ra, nhn

thng tin vo v tr khng cao khi khng c trao i thng tin c lp thit

b ngoi vi vi my tnh v bo v my tnh.

b. Phi hp v dng thng tin.

- Trao i ca my tnh lun lun l song song c th truyn theo 8 bt,

16 bt, 32 bt, 64 bt.

- Thng tin ca thit b ngoi vi c th l song song hoc ni tip, khi

trao i song song l 8 bt v 16 bt.

c. Phi hp v tc trao i thng tin.

- My tnh thng hot ng vi tc cao (xung nhp trn 100 MHz)

trong khi thit b ngoi vi thng hot ng chm hn. Do , khi ghp ni

nhn thng tin nhanh t my tnh ri truyn cho thit b ngoi vi theo nhp

chm ca chng gii phng my tnh lm nhim v khc (phc v thit b

ngoi vi khc hay chy chng trnh x l thng tin). Khi nhn thng tin cng

vy, khi ghp ni nhn thng tin chm theo nhp ca thit b ngoi vi, ch

my tnh c nhanh vo b nh.

d. Phi hp v phng thc trao i thng tin.

m bo trao i thng tin mt cch tin cy gia my tnh v thit

b ngoi vi cn c khi ghp ni v cch trao i thng tin din ra theo trnh

t nht nh. Nu vic trao i thng tin do my tnh khi xng tc my tnh

ch ng a thng tin ra hay c thng tin vo th qu trnh nh sau:

+ My tnh a lnh iu khin khi ng thit b ngoi vi hay khi

ng khi ghp ni.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 25 -

+ My tnh c tr li sn sng trao i hay trng thi sn sng ca

thit b ngoi vi. Nu c trng thi sn sng mi trao i thng tin, nu khng

th ch v c li trng thi.

+ My tnh trao i thng tin khi c thy trng thi sn sng.

Nu vic trao i thng tin do thit b ngoi vi khi xng (hay yu

cu) gim thi gian ch i trng thi sn sng ca thit b ngoi vi, my

tnh c th khi ng thit b ngoi vi ri thc hin nhim v khc. Vic trao

i tin din ra nh sau:

+ Khi thit b ngoi vi a yu cu trao i thng tin vo b phn x l

ca khi ghp ni, b phn x l s a yu cu ngt ngt chng trnh

cho my tnh.

+ Nu c nhiu thit b ngoi vi a yu cu ng thi, khi ghp ni

sp xp theo u tin nh sn, ri a yu cu trao i thng tin cho my vi

tnh.

+ My tnh nhn yu cu chun b trao i v a tn hiu xc nhn sn

sng trao i.

+ Khi ghp ni nhn v truyn tn hiu xc nhn cho thit b ngoi vi.

+ Thit b ngoi vi trao i thng tin vi khi ghp ni v khi ghp

ni trao i thng tin vi my tnh (nu a thng tin vo).

+ My tnh trao i thng tin vi khi ghp ni v khi ghp ni trao

i thng tin vi thit b ngoi vi (nu a thng tin ra).

II.1.3.3. Chc nng.

Ty theo s trao i thng tin gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi (a

vo, a ra). Khi ghp ni c th c mt hoc nhiu cc chc nng sau:

a. Chc nng nhn tn hiu (listener)

- Nhn thng bo a ch t my tnh.

- Nhn thng bo v trng thi t thit b ngoi vi.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 26 -

- Nhn lnh iu khin t my tnh.

- Nhn s liu t my tnh.

b. Chc nng ngun tn hiu (talker).

- Pht a ch cho khi chc nng ca thit b ngoi vi.

- Pht lnh cho thit b ngoi vi.

- Pht yu cu hay trng thi ca thit b ngoi vi cho my tnh.

- Pht s hiu cho thit b ngoi vi hay cho my tnh.

c. Chc nng iu khin (controller).

Nu khi ghp ni l chung cho nhiu thit b ngoi vi n s ng vai

tr ca khi iu khin, c ng thi c hai nhim v ngun nhn v ngun

pht lnh trn c th l:

- Pht a ch cho tng khi chc nng ca thit b ngoi vi.

- Truyn lnh cho tng khi chc nng hoc nhiu khi.

- Nhn lnh t mt khi iu khin khc.

- Nhn yu cu trao i thng tin cc khi chc nng, sp xp u

tin, ri a yu cu vo my tnh.

- Pht nhp thi gian cho cc hnh ng khc nhau ca cc khi chc nng.

d. Chc nng ph khc.

Ngoi cc chc nng trn, khi ghp ni cn c cc chc nng ph

khc nh:

- Yu cu phc v (Cervice Request - SR): yu cu my tnh trao i tin.

- Chc nng iu khin t xa hay cc b (Remote - Local): cho php

chuyn iu khin thit b t c cu iu khin bn trong ( mt trc ca

thit b) sang iu khin t xa.

- Xo thit b (Clear - Device): xc lp trng thi ban u ca thit b.

- Khi pht thit b (Device Trigger - DT): khi ng thit b thc

hin cc hnh ng trong tng nhm hay thng thit b ring r.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 27 -

II.1.4. c trng chung ca khi ghp ni.

Khi ghp ni c cu trc hot ng ring r cho tng loi my tnh v

thit b ngoi vi ghp ni vi nhau, nhng cng c cc c trng chung m

khi nghin cu, ch to cn phi quan tm l cc c trng v cu trc

ng dy, tn cc ng dy, phng truyn v phng php truyn s liu.

II.1.4.1. Cu trc ng dy ca khi ghp ni vi my tnh.

C 3 loi cu trc ng dy lin h gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi

xem hnh 2.3. a. Cu trc r (hay nhnh).

My tnh c cc ng dy ring r cho tng khi ghp ni hay tng

thit b ngoi vi. Cu trc ny c li l lin h trc tip v ring r vi tng

thit b ngoi vi, nhng khng kinh t v tn ng dy, hnh 2.3a.

b. Cu trc mt xch.

My tnh mc ni tip vi cc khi ghp ni ca tng thit b ngoi vi

theo vng trn kn. Cu trc ny c u im l tit kim ng dy nhng c

nhc im l khi c mt sai hng mt khi ghp ni no , tt c h khi

ghp ni khng hot ng, hnh 2.3b.

c. Cu trc ng dy chung (hay song song)

My tnh c mt ng dy chung cho vi x l, khi nh, cc ca vo-

ra hay cc khi ghp ni ca cc thit b ngoi vi. Cu trc ny tuy tn km

nhng thng dng v d dng ghp ni vi thit b ngoi vi, khi c sai hng

mt khi ghp ni no cc khi ghp ni vn hot ng, hnh 2.3c.

II.1.4.2. Tn ng dy tn hiu.

Bt k khi ghp ni no cng ni vi my tnh v thit b ngoi vi

theo cc nhm sau:

a. Nhm ng dy a ch.

Nhm ny gm:

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 28 -

- Cc ng dy a ch (A0 An): Cc tn hiu a ch ny c gii

m trong cc khi ghp ni chn thit b ngoi vi cn lin lc vi my tnh

MT KGN1 KGN2 KGN3

TBN1 TBN2 TBN3

b,

MVT

KGN2 KGN1 KGN3

TBN1 TBN2 TBN3

VXL Nh ROM

Nh RAM

KGN1 KGN2 KGN3

TBN1 TBN2 TBN3

c,

a,

Hnh 2.3. Cc cu trc ng dy lin h ca MVT v KGN - Cu trc r ( a ) - Cu trc mt xch ( b ) - Cu trc song song ( c )

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 29 -

hay chi tit hn l chn cc thanh ghi m ca khi ghp ni ca thit

b ngoi vi cn trao i thng tin.

- ng dy lnh ghi a ch: dng ghi a ch t ng dy a ch

(A0 An) vo khi ghp ni.

b. Nhm ng dy lnh.

Nhm a lnh cho khi ghp ni gm:

- ng dy c, ng dy vit truyn lnh c (RD) hay vit

(WR) cho khi ghp ni.

- ng dy hi thoi t chc phi hp hnh ng gia my tnh v

khi ghp ni, m bo s hot ng nhp nhng, tin cy gia chng nh:

+ Hi, tr li.

+ Yu cu (t khi ghp ni vo my tnh) v chp nhn yu cu (t

my tnh ra khi ghp ni). V d: Yu cu ngt INTR v chp nhn ngt

INTA.

- ng dy lnh iu khin khi ghp ni (hay thit b ngoi vi) nh:

+ ng mch, m mch thit b ngoi vi.

+ Bt u, kt thc qu trnh trao i thng tin.

+ Xo cc thanh ghi ca khi ghp ni.

+ Thng bo c sai s hoc tin cy trao i thng tin.

c. Nhm ng dy tn hiu nhp thi gian.

ng dy ny ng b trao i gia my tnh vi khi ghp ni

hoc gia khi ghp ni v thit b ngoi vi. V d ng dy nhp CLK t

my tnh.

d. Nhm ng dy in p ngun.

Tu yu cu, c th t my tnh a ra cc mc in p ngun khc

nhau nh (t, 5v, 12v, 15v, 24v... ).

Ch :

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 30 -

+ Cc ng dy lnh cho thit b ngoi vi c th a trc tip vo

khi ghp ni hoc a gin tip vo khi ghp ni qua ng dy s liu (D0

Dn).

+ Lnh a ch c khi a chung trn cng ng dy s liu nhng

hai nhp thi gian khc nhau, vi tn hiu iu khin khc nhau.

+ Tn hiu xc nhn c th truyn theo mt ng dy ring hoc trn

cng mt ng dy, cng dng nhiu chc nng nh: tn hiu 0- xc nhn,

tn hiu 1- truyn lnh.

+ C th rt gn s ng dy truyn ring r bng dng mch dn

knh (multiplexer) ni pht tin v phn knh (demultiplexer) ni nhn tin.

II.1.4.3. Cc dng truyn s liu.

Khi truyn s liu gia my tnh vi thit b ngoi vi thng qua khi

ghp ni c hai thng s quan trng l dng truyn v nhp truyn.

a. Dng truyn.

Thng tin c th truyn theo dng song song-ni tip hoc ni tip-

song song, hnh 2.4.

- Dng song song: Cc bt ca mt byte thng tin truyn ng thi trn

nhiu ng dy. u im ca dng truyn ny nhanh ng thi cho nhiu

bt, nhng tn nhiu ng dy ni, nn ch dng khi trao i khong cch

gn.

- Dng ni tip: Cc bt ca mt byte thng tin truyn ni tip nhau trn

mt ng dy duy nht. Tc truyn (n v baud = bt/set hay 1bps) c

trng cho nhanh ca trao i thng tin ni tip. Dng trao i ny p dng

khi trao i tin i xa tit kim c dy dn.

- Dng song song-ni tip: Mun trao i thng tin t dng song song

sang ni tip, phi bin i thng tin t dng song song ra ni tip v ngc

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 31 -

li, t ni tip sang song song cho cc thit b c dng trao i thng tin song

song nh my tnh, thit b trao i thng tin dng song song.

b. Nhp truyn

Thng tin truyn i c trao i theo mt nhp thi gian no , do

c th truyn ng b (Synchrone) v khng ng b (asynchrone).

- ng b: Qu trnh truyn v nhn xy ra gn nh ng thi (c s

tr do vn tc truyn trn ng dy) theo tng bt hay nhm bt do mt my

pht xung nhp to ra, trong mt khung thng tin c cc bt nh du u v

cui on tin. Phng php ny c c im sau:

+ Qa trnh truyn tin nhanh v pht v nhn hu nh tc thi.

+ Khng tin cy, d mt thng tin.

+ Lun i hi ngun pht v ngun nhn sn sng trao i thng tin.

MVT

KGN

TBN

a

MVT

KGN

Song song

Ni tip

TBN

b

MVT1

MVT2

KGN

Ni tip

Song song

KGN

Song song

Ni tip c

Hnh 2.4. Cc dng truyn s liu

a. Truyn song song ( khong cch gn)

b. Trun ni tip ( khong cch gn) cho TBN ni tip.

c. Truyn song song-ni tip, ni tip- song song ( khong

cch xa) MVT hoc TBN song song

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 32 -

- Khng ng b: Vic pht v nhn xy ra khng ng thi, khng

cng mt nhp do hai my pht nhp thi gian khc nhau iu khin, dng

thng tin pht ra v thu khng ging nhau v c xen cc bt Start v Stop nh

du u v cui mt byte thng tin. Qu trnh pht v nhn din ra theo trnh

t sau:

+ Ngun pht hoc ngun nhn a tn hiu yu cu trao i thng tin

(hay sn sng trao i thng tin).

+ Ngun nhn hoc ngun pht a tn hiu xc nhn (chp nhn yu cu).

+ Ngun pht a thng tin vo ng dy s liu ghi vo thanh ghi

s liu m ca khi ghp ni.

+ Ngun nhn, nhn s liu t khi ghp ni.

c im ca php truyn tin ny l:

- Tin cy v thng tin c truyn theo phng thc hi - p hay bt

tay-Shake hand, hoc hi thoi.

+ Qu trnh chm, tn thit b v c c ch hi p v b m s liu.

II.1.5. Cu trc chung ca mt khi ghp ni.

II.1.5.1. Nhim v ca cc khi ghp ni.

Khi ghp ni c nhim v chung l nhn v chuyn thng tin gia

my tnh v thit b ngoi vi. Nhng c th c nhng nhim v nh khc nhau

ca cc khi nh trong s khi. Nhng nhim v v cc khi tng ng l:

- Ghp ni v bin i thng tin gia ng dy my tnh v khi ghp

ni v khi ghp ni vi thit b ngoi vi v mc tn hiu, cng sut tn hiu

v dng thng tin (song song- ni tip, s, tng t ...).

- Gii m a ch- lnh cho cc thanh ghi m ca khi ghp ni.

- Ghi nhn trng thi thit b ngoi vi hay yu cu trao i thng tin ca

thit b ngoi vi, x l yu cu theo u tin (nu hai hay nhiu thit b ngoi

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 33 -

vi cng yu cu) gi yu cu vo my tnh v xc nhn trao i tin t my

tnh.

- Ghi nhn, bin i dng tin, pht tin cho thit b nhn.

- Nhn v pht tn hiu nhp thi gian trao i tin cho khi ghp ni v

thit b ngoi vi.

II.1.5.2. S khi.

a. Khi phi hp ng dy my tnh.

Khi ny c nhim v:

- Phi hp mc (TTL-NIM, TTL-mc in bo), v cng sut tn hiu

vi ng dy chung song song ca my tnh, thng dng vi mch chuyn

mc, vi mch cng sut.

- C lp ng dy my tnh, vi s thit b ngoi vi khi khng c trao

i tin.

- iu khin a thng tin ra v ly thng tin vo ng dy my tnh.

Cc nhim v trn c thc hin nh vi mch 3 trng thi (a tn

hiu ra, a tn hiu vo, tr khng cao c lp ng dy tc khng trao i).

b. Khi gii m a ch.

Mi thanh ghi m (iu khin, trng thi, s liu c, s liu ra) ca

khi ghp ni c chn ghi v c tin nh cc lnh c, ghi t khi gii

m a ch- lnh. Khi gii m ny l nhng vi mch gii m hay t hp cc

cng lgic. N nhn cc tn hu a ch ca khi ghp ni ng dy a

ch (A0-An), cc tn hiu c (RD), ghi (WR) v c tn hiu a ch (ALE), ghi

s liu (DEN).

Li ra ca cc vi mch gii m l cc tn hiu c hay ghi cho tng

thanh ghi m ca khi ghp ni.

c. Cc thanh ghi m gm.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 34 -

- Thanh ghi iu khin ch (mode) hot ng, thanh ghi iu khin

thit b ngoi vi.

.

- Thanh ghi trng thi hay yu cu trao i ca thit b ngoi vi.

- Thanh ghi m s liu ghi.

n

g d

y t

hi

t b

ng

oi

vi

DI0DIn

n

g d

y m

y t

nh

Gii m a

ch

lnh

A0An

WR

RD

X l ngt

Yu cu INTR

Xc nhn INTA

Thanh ghi

trng thi

Thanh ghi

iu khin

Thanh ghi

m vit

Thanh ghi

m c

DO0DOn

DI0DIn

Ph

i

h

p

ng d

y m

y t

nh

Lnh c

Lnh vit

Lnh c

Lnh c

Lnh vit

Lnh vit

DO0DOn

iu khin B

iu khin A

Yu cu B

Yu cu A

Ph

i

h

p

ng d

y t

hi

t b

n

goi

vi

Hnh 2.5. S khi ca khi ghp ni

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 35 -

- Thanh ghi m s liu c

d. Khi x l ngt.

Ghi nhn, che chn yu cu trao i tin ca thit b ngoi vi, x l u

tin (nu c 2 yu cu ng thi) v a yu cu vo my tnh v d: tn hiu

yu cu ngt chng trnh INTR.

e. Khi pht nhp thi gian.

Pht nhp thi gian cho hnh ng bn trong khi ghp ni hay cho

thit b ngoi vi. i khi ng b khi cn nhn tn hiu xung nhp ng

h (clock) t ng dy my tnh.

g. Khi m thit b ngoi vi.

Khi c th bin i mc (TTL 12 V, 24 V), bin i cng sut cho

iu khin cng sut v bin i dng thng tin song song-ni tip hay ni

tip-song song.

h. Khi iu khin

iu khin hot ng ca khi nh pht nhp thi gian, ch hot

ng.

II.1.6. Chng trnh phc v trao i tin cho khi ghp ni.

Mi khi ghp ni cn vit chng trnh phc v trao i thng tin v

khi s dng ngi dng cn vit chng trnh ng dng, chng trnh phc

v trao i thng tin c vit bng ngn Assembly cn chng trnh ng

dng c th c vit bng ngn ng Turbo Pascal hay C++.

Chng trnh phc v trao i thng tin cn phi thc hin c cc

chc nng sau:

- Khi ng khi ghp ni: tc ghi cc lnh xc nh ch (mode) v

li iu khin (li lnh) khi ghp ni v thit b ngoi vi.

- Ghi che chn v cho php ngt.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 36 -

- c trng thi thit b ngoi vi (bng lnh c-IN) v x l ngt theo

cch hi vng (Polling) (lnh so snh- CMP), hoc x l ngt bng mch in

t (phn cng).

- Ghi s liu ra.

- T thanh ghi cha A ca vi x l a thng tin v s liu (D0-Dn)

bng lnh vit WR hay a ra (OUT) thanh ghi m vit.

- c s liu (D0-Dn) vo my tnh thanh ghi m c bng lnh c

RD hay a vo (IN) thanh ghi cha A.

II.1.7. Giao din ca my tnh trong o lng v iu khin.

Trong o lng v iu khin ghp ni my tnh vi cc thit b

ngoi vi ta c th thng qua cc cng ghp ni ca my tnh.

II.1.7.1. Cng ghp ni vi my in.

Vic ni my in vi my tnh c thc hiu qua cm 25 chn sau

my tnh. Nhng y khng ch l ch ni my in m khi s dng my tnh

vo mc ch o lng v iu khin th vic ghp ni cng c th thc hin

qua cng cm ny.

Qua cng ny cc bt d liu c truyn song song, nn i khi cn

gi l cng ghp ni song song. Tt c cc ng dn ca cng ny u tng

thch TTL, ngha l chng u cung cp mt mc in p nm gia 0 v 5 V.

S sp xp cc chn ra cng ny in vi tt c cc ng dn, xem hnh 2.6.

Tt c cc ng dn tn hiu ca cng my in u cho php trao i

thng tin qua cc a ch b nh my tnh, 17 ng dn c sp xp thnh

ba thanh ghi: ghi d liu, ghi trng thi v ghi iu khin.

a ch u tin t n c cng my in c xem nh l a ch c

s (Basic Address hoc vit tt l DCCS). cc my tnh PC c ch to

trong thi gian gn y c a ch c s ca cng my in c sp xp nh

sau:

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 37 -

Bng 2.1. Chc nng chn cm cng my in

Chn K hiu Vo/Ra M t

1 STRORE Li ra ( output ) U: Byte c in

2 D0 Li ra ng d liu Do

3 D1 Li ra ng d liu D1







10 ACK Li vo ( Input ) Acknowledge ( xc nhn )

11 BUSY Li vo 1: My in bn

12 PE Li vo Ht giy

13 SLCT Li vo Select ( la chn )

14 AF Li vo Auto Feed ( t np )

15 ERROR Li vo Error ( li )

16 INIT Li vo 0: t li my in

17 SLCTIN Li vo Select in

18 GND Ni t

19 GND

20 GND

21 GND

22 GND

23 GND

24 GND

25 GND

LPT1 ( Cng my in th nht ) a ch c bn = 378 (Hex )

13 1

25 14

Hnh 2.6. B tr chn cng my in ca my tnh PC

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 38 -

LPT2 ( Cng my in th hai ) a ch c bn = 278 (Hex )

a ch c bn ng nht vi thanh ghi d liu. Thanh ghi trng thi

c t di a ch c bn +1. Thanh ghi iu khin vi 4 ng dn li ra

ca n t di a ch a ch c bn + 2 .

a ch c bn ca cng my in ca my tnh PC c t nhng a

ch b nh xc nh c th c c ra bng chng trnh.

II.1.7.2. Cng ni tip RS 232.

Cng ni tip RS-232 l giao din ph bin rng ri nht. Ngi dng

my tnh PC cn gi cc cng ny l COM 1, cn COM 2 t do cho cc

ng dng khc. Ging nh cng my in, cng ni tip RS - 232 cng c s

dng mt cch rt thun tin cho mc ch o lng v iu khin.

Vic truyn d liu qua cng RS-232 c tin hnh theo cch ni

tip, ngha l cc bt d liu c gi i ni tip nhau trn mt ng dn.

Trn hnh 2.7 v hnh 2.8 l s b tr chn ca phch cm RS - 232 my tnh

PC.

1 5 6 9

Hnh 2.8. B tr chn ca cng ni tip my tnh PC loi 9 chn

Hnh 2.7. B tr chn ca cng ni tip my tnh PC loi 25 chn

13 1

25 14

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 39 -

Cng nh cng my in, cc ng dn tn hiu ring bit cng cho

php trao i qua cc a ch trong my tnh PC. Trong trng hp ny, ngi

ta thng s dng nhng vi mch c mc tch hp cao c th hp nht

nhiu chc nng trn mt chp. my tnh PC thng c mt b pht/nhn

khng ng b vn nng gi tt l UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver

Transmitter) iu khin s trao i thng tin gia my tnh v cc thit b

ngoi vi, ph bin nht l vi mch 8250.

Bng 2.2. Chc nng chn cm ca cng ni tip RS-232 my tnh PC

Chn

(loi 9 chn)

Chn

(loi 25 chn) Chc nng Vo/ra

1 8 DCD-Data Carrier Detect Li vo

2 3 RxD- Receive Data Li vo

3 2 TxD- Transmit Data Li ra

4 20 DTR- Data Terminal

Ready

Li ra

5 7 GND- Ni t

6 6 DSR- Data Set Ready Li vo

7 4 RTS - Request to Send Li ra

8 5 CTS- Clear to Send Li vo

9 22 RI- Ring indicator Li vo

a ch giao tip my tnh vi cc cng ni tip COM c quy nh

cho my tnh PC/AT

3F8 3FF Cng ni tip COM 1

2F8 2FF Cng ni tip COM 2

3E8 3EF Cng ni tip COM 3

2E8 2EF Cng ni tip COM 4

II.1.7.3. Cc rnh cm trong my tnh PC.

Khi mt my tnh xut xng th c nh sn xut v ngi dng u

ngm hiu l cu hnh cha hn hon chnh, m tu tng mc ch s dng

c th thm vo cc bn mch (card) ghp ni m rng kh nng p ng

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 40 -

ca my tnh. Bn trong my tnh ngoi cc rnh cm dng cho card vo/ra

(I/O), card mn hnh, vn cn nhng rnh cm trng. Cc rnh cm ny

c trc tip dng ghp ni cc bn mch cm thm vo (cn gi l rnh

cm m rng) chng c th ghp ni vi thit b ngoi vi dng o lng v

iu khin.

Cc loi rnh cm theo nhng tiu chun khc nhau c th k ra nh sau:

- Rnh cm 16 bt theo chun ISA (Industry Standard Architecture).

- Rnh cm PC/2 vi 16 bt theo chun MCA (Micro Channel

Architecture).

- Rnh cm PC/2 vi 32 bt theo chun MCA (Micro Channel

Architecture ).

- Rnh cm 32 bt theo chun EISA (Exitended Industry Standard

Architecture).

- Rnh cm 32 bt theo chun VESA VLB (VESA Local Bus Standard).

- Rnh cm 32 bt theo chun PCI (Peripheral Component Interconect

Standard).

Cho n nay phn ln cc card ghp ni dng trong k thut o lng

v iu khin c ch to t vo rnh cm theo chun ISA. Thng

thng rnh cm theo chun ISA c 62 ng tn hiu dng cho mc ch

thng tin vi mt card cm vo. V c bn cc ng tn hiu ny c chia

thnh cc ng dn tn hiu, ng dn a ch v ng dn iu khin.

Bi v ngay t cc my tnh PC/XT sn c cc rnh cm 62 chn ny, trn

c 8 ng dn s liu, nn i khi ngi ta cng gi lun rnh cm 62

chn ny l rnh cm 8 bt. Ch nhng card 8 bt mi c cm vo rnh ny.

V sau my tnh PC/AT ra i chng c thm mt rnh th hai nm thng

hng vi rnh 8 bt k trn v c 36 chn. Trn rnh ny c cha cc tn hiu

16 bt. Nn khi c thm rnh cm ny th ngi ta gi chung c hai rnh l

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 41 -

rnh cm 16 bt. Cc rnh cm t 32 bt tr ln dng ghp thm vo nhng

card c cht lng rt cao.

giao tip vi my tnh card m rng phi lin lc, trao i thng qua

a ch m my tnh dnh cho. Thng thng a ch ca my tnh dng cho

card m rng l t 300 31F.

II.2. M HNH GHP NI MY TNH VI U CM KIM TRA luq-

cpa TRN MY BAY

II.2.1. Khi qut.

Nh kho st chng 1 u cm luq-cpa trn my bay Su-27, a ra

cc thng tin s c m ho dng m (code) biu th gi tr m t l vi

cc tham s bay v cc tham s k thut ca cc h thng trn my bay, 2

dng:

- Dng m c ghi v lu vo bng t trong khi 2TB ca h

thng TECTER. Dng m ny c ghi ln bng t di dng 12 ng ghi

vi 9 ng dng cho m tham s lin tc v 1 ng dng cho m lnh n,

mt ng ghi nhp bt u chu k inj vi tn s 1Hz v 1 ng xung nhp ti

c tn s 256 Hz, th hin mi nhp l mt a ch ca tham s. Mt giy l

mt chu trnh ghi cc tham s c ghi trn 256 a ch. Cc ng thng tin

ny c a ra u cm luq-cpa dng sao chp tham s ghi c trn

bng t (3 gi bay cui) khi 2TB sang my ghi sao bng mt t obkor

(mn-p)

- Dng m c truyn trn 12 ng dy ng vi cc chn cm trn

u cm luq-cpa t chn 15 n chn 26. Vi 9 ng dy t chn cm 15

n chn cm 23 l ng truyn mang thng tin v cc tham s lin tc v

c sp xp trn cc a ch theo nh quy nh, xem bng 1-1 ph lc. Cc

a ch ny tng ng vi th t ca xung nhp Ti, a ch u tin c tnh

t khi xut hin xung ghi nhp bt u inj.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 42 -

Dy dn trn chn cm 24 l ng truyn m thng tin v lnh n

bx. Cc thng tin v lnh n c sp xp trn cc a ch theo nh quy nh

ca chng, xem bng 1-2 ph lc. Cc a ch ny tng ng th t cc

xung nhp ti tnh t xung nhp bt u chu k inj xut hin .

ng dy ng vi chn cm s 25 mang thng tin v xung nhp bt

u chu k inj. Vi tn s 1Hz, khi xung nhp ny bt u xut hin th tnh

a ch 1 tr i v l kt thc ca a ch 256 ca chu k trc.

ng dy ng vi chn cm s 26 mang thng tin v xung nhp ti vi

tn s f = 256 Hz, tc mi nhp ca xung nhp ny tng ng vi mt a ch

ca cc tham s lin tc v i ch ca cc lnh n.

gim sai s, trnh nhm ln, cc xung nhp ca ti c xut hin

(ghi) lch so vi cc xung m ca cc tham s lin tc v cc m ca cc lnh

n vi mt thi gian l 2ms.

Dng m trn cc chn cm ny c a ra t khi 1TB ca h thng

TECTER Y3 xeri 3, dng a cc m thng tin v cc tham s lin tc v

cc lnh n cho cc thit b kim tra luq-74 hay my kim tra dng ch

chun 1txb. Cc thng tin truyn trn cc chn cm ny c th ly ra x l

gii m cc tham s bay v thng tin v trng thi k thut, trong c cc

thng tin v cc tham s kim tra s lm vic ca ng c.

Ngoi cc thng tin c truyn trn cc chn cm trn, u cm luq-

cpa cn a ra cc tn hiu v ngun +5v, 12v, mt.v.v.. ta c th dng lm

ngun nui cho khi ghp ni v my tnh khi ghp ni vi u cm kim tra

luq-cpa trn my bay.

II.2.2. S ghp ni my tnh vi u cm kim tra luq-cpa trn my

bay Su-27.

Cn c vo nhim v v chc nng t ra, khi ghp ni c nhim

v trung chuyn d liu, cc thng tin v cc tham s ca ng c a sang

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 43 -

my tnh x l. Thng tin v tham s ca ng c dng m song song

(xem hnh 1.2) khi a sang my tnh dng m ni tip vo cng COM.

V tn hiu nhn t u cm my bay l tn hiu s vi nh xung l

6,3V khi truyn sang khi ghp ni phi c chun v mc TTL(0- 5)V nn

ta s dng cho mi ng tn hiu mt khu chun mc CMOS sang TTL.

Cng COM ca my tnh li nhn mc 12v, nn khi truyn sang my tnh

tn hiu TTL li c chum v mc ca cng COM thng qua mt khi phi

hp chun mc TTL sang mc 12v ca cng COM my tnh.

u

cm

lu

q-c

pa

trn

my

bay

Ph

i

h

p

u v

o

X l trung chuyn

d liu

Phi hp vi

cng COM

PC

KHI GHP NI

CO

M P

C

Hnh 2.9. S khi ghp ni gia u cm luq-cpa my bay vi cng COM ca my tnh

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 43 -

CHNG III

THIT K KHI GHP NI, XY DNG CHNG TRNH KIM

TRA THAM S NG C al-31f TRN MY TNH

III.1. THIT K KHI GHP NI.

III.1.1. t vn .

Nh phn tch phn m u cc thng tin c trng cho cc tham s

ng c sau khi thu thp s c x l bng my tnh v hin th trong chng

trnh ng dng thay cho cc ng h hin th kiu c v t hp n bo trn thit

b kim tra pnc-99, ng thi gii bi ton so snh cc tham s thu thp c vi

tham s chun ghi trong l lch ca tng ng c al-31f nh gi cht lng

ng c khi lm vic mt t t pht hin cc hng hc c th xy ra t cc

thit b ph kin ca ng c.

T nhim v bi ton t ra p dng nhng kt qu nghin cu c

chng 2 ta thit k khi ghp ni trung gian nh hnh 2.9 vi yu cu phi m

bo nhim v v chc nng sau:

- Phi hp v chun mc tn hiu u vo t 6,3V sang mc TTL 5V cho

vi x l. Vi chc nng ny ta dng IC 4049 hoc IC4050.

- Thu thp, x l thng tin v truyn sang my tnh. Vi chc nng ny ta

dng ON-CHP 80C51.

- Phi hp chun mc tn hiu t TTL 5V thnh 12V cho cng ni tip

COM ca my tnh PC. Vi chc nng ny ta dng IC MAX 232.

III.1.2. T chc phn cng cho khi ghp ni.

ON-CHIP 80C51 l b vi iu khin n c y chc nng ca mt h

vi x l 8 bt hot ng tn s 12MHz vi b nh ROM: 4Kb, RAM: 128 byte

c tr bn trong v c th m rng nh ra ngoi, c 4 cng 8 bt vo ra 2 chiu

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 44 -

giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi. c im ca ON-CHIP 80C51 l c iu

khin bi 1 h lnh c s lnh mnh, cho php lp trnh bng ngn ng

ASSEMBLY l ngn ng mnh trong iu khin h thng.

III.1.2.1. Cu trc ca ON-CHIP 80C51.

a. Cu trc chung ca on-chip 80C51.

S chn tn hiu ca on-chip xem hnh v 3.1, chc nng cc chn tn

hiu nh sau:

RxD: Chn vo nhn tn hiu ni tip.

TxD: Chn ra truyn tn hiu ni tip.

/INT0: Ngt ngoi c s hiu 0.

/INT1: Ngt ngoi c s hiu 1.

T0: Chn vo 0 ca b thi gian Timer 0.

TxD

RxD /INT0

/INT1

T0

T1

/WR

/RD

P3

X

P2

X

Addr

0X AD

P1.X

PSEN

EA(Vpp)

(/PROG)

XTAL1

XTAL2

1 40

2 39

3 38

4 37

5 36

6 35

7 34

8 33

9 32

10 31

11 30 12 29

13 28

14 27

15 26

16 25

17 24

18 23

19 22

20 21

P1.0

P1.1

P1.2

P1.3 P1.4

P1.5

P1.6

P1.7

RST

RxD.P3.0

TxD.P3.1

/INT0.P3.2

/INT1.P3.3

T0.P3.4

T1.P3.5

/WR.P3.6 /RD.P3.7

XTAL2

XTAL2

Vss

Vcc

P0.0-AD0

P0.1.AD1

P0.2.AD2

P0.3.AD3

P0.4.AD4

P0.5.AD5

P0.6.AD6

P0.7.AD7

EA/Vpp

ALE(/PR0) PSNE

P2.7-A15

P2.6-A14

P2.5-A13

P2.4-A12

P2.3-A11

P2.2-A10

P2.1-A9

P2.0-A8

Hnh 3.1. S chn tn hiu ca on-chp 80C51

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 45 -

T1: Chn vo 0 ca b thi gian Timer 1.

/WR: Ghi d liu vo ca b nh ngoi.

/RD: c d liu t b nh ngoi.

RST: Chn vo reset, tch cc mc cao trong khong 2 chu k my.

XTAL1: Chn vo mch khuch i dao ng.

XTAL2: Chn ra t mch khuch i dao ng.

/PSEN: Chn cho php c b nh chng trnh ngoi (ROM ngoi). Khi

on-chp lm vic vi b nh chng trnh ngoi, chn ny pht ra tn hiu kch

hot mc thp v c kch hot 2 ln trong mi chu k my. Chn /PSEN

khng c kch hot khi on-chp lm vic vi b nh chng trnh bn trong

(ROM ni ti).

ALE/PROG: Chn tn hiu cho php cht a ch khi on-chp xut ra byte

thp ca a ch truy cp b nh ngoi, tn hiu cht kch hot mc cao, tn

s xung cht (ALE) bng 1/6 fosc. y cn l chn nhn xung vo np

chng trnh cho EPROM bn trong on-chp khi n mc thp.

/EA (Vpp): Chn cho php la chn lm vic vi b nh chng trnh, khi

/EA = 1 cho php on-chp lm vic vi b nh chng trnh bn trong v khi

/EA = 0 th cho php lm vic vi b nh chng trnh bn ngoi. Khi chn ny

c cp in p ngun +12v th on-chp m nhim chc nng np chng

trnh cho EPROM bn trong n.

Vcc: Chn cp ng ngun cho on-chp, dng mc ngun +5v.

Vss: Chn cp m ngun, c ni mass (Chn t).

P0.X: Gm cc chn t P0.0 n P0.7 l chn ca cng 0.



Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 46 -


Cc chn ca cng ny ngoi nhim v xut nhp d liu qua cng, ngoi

ra cn m nhim chc nng iu khin.

b. Chc nng cc thnh phn ca on-chp 80C51.

Cu trc phn cng ca on-chp, xem hnh v 3.2.

- Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit special function registers (SFR).

- B tnh ton logic v s hc (ALU).

- Cng vo ra (I/O).

- B nh chng trnh v b nh d liu (EPROM, RAM).

b.1. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.

Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR) l cc thanh ghi m nhim cc

chc nng khc nhau trong on-chp. Chng nm RAM bn trong on-chp

chim vng khng gian nh 128 byte c nh a ch t 80h n FFh. Cu trc

ca SFR xem hnh v 3.3, cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit bao gm:

+ Thanh ghi tch ly (Acc): y l thanh ghi quan trng trong on-chp

dng lu tr cc ton hng v kt qu ca php tnh. Thanh ghi Acc di 8 bits

c a ch l E0h trong SFR.

+ Thanh ghi B: Thanh ghi thng s dng khi thc hin cc php ton

nhn, chia. i vi cc lnh khc thanh ghi B c th xem nh l thanh ghi m

tm thi, trong SFR thanh ghi B di 8 bits c a ch F0h.

+ Con ch ngn xp (SP): Thanh ghi ny di 8 bits c a ch trong SFR l

81h, gi tr ca n c tng t ng trc khi thc hin cc lnh PUSH, CALL.

Ngn xp c th t bt c ni no trong RAM on-chp nhng sau khi khi

ng li h thng th con tr ngn xp mc nh s tr ti a ch khi u l

07h, vy ngn xp s c to ra bt u t 08h.

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 47 -

Thanh ghi

/c RAM Cht

cng 0 Cht cng 2

EPROM

Acc

TMP1 Than

h ghi

B

TMP2

ALU

PS

W

T.ghi lnh T.ghi trng thi v iu

khin

T.ghi

/c c/trn

h

T.ghi

m

T.ghi

tng PC

T.ghi

PC

DPTR

iu khin

cng 2 iu khin

cng 0

P2.X P0.X

Cht

cng 1

iu khin

cng 0 iu khin

cng 3

Cht

cng 3

P1.X P3.X

Hnh 3.2. S chc nng ca on-chip 80C51

SCON PCON TMDO TCON THO TH1 TL1

SBUF IE IP Ngt cng ni tip/ng

h

Lun vn Thc s K thut


- 48 -

+ Con tr d liu (DPTR): L thanh ghi di 16 bits gm 2 thanh ghi di 8

bits hp li l thanh ghi byte cao (DPH) v thanh ghi byte thp (DPL). Con tr

d liu c th s dng nh l thanh ghi 16 bits hoc 2 thanh ghi 8 bits c lp.

Trong SFR thanh ghi DPH c a ch 83h cn thanh ghi DPL c a c

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