thời đại mới s - tapchithoidai.org · số lượng rất hạn chế và bị mất mát...

Nhng ghi chp lin quan n bin ng Vit Nam trong phng ch Trung Hoa

Phm Hong Qun

Tm tt: Kho lun ny bc u t vn nghin cu c h thng cc sch Phng ch, mt loi hnh tr tc quan trng trong th tch c Trung Hoa, bao gm Nht thng ch, Tnh ch v a phng ch. Phng ch ni chung l loi sch lch s a l t nhin v nhn vn cha ng nhng thng tin bch khoa, bin chp r v c th v ni sng, bin c, hi o, thin vn kh hu, ng s thu b, thnh tr, cc n v hnh chnh, qu trnh thay i tn gi, tch nhp t ai, cc d liu v kinh t, vn ho, x hi v nhn vt

Cc thng k trong v ngoi Trung Hoa cho thy Phng ch c hin cn khong na triu quyn, ngnh Phng ch hc hnh thnh vi mi nm. Kho lun ny cn c vo cc bin chp thuc khng gian cc nam Trung Hoa kho st cng vc a l v s qun l hnh chnh pha cc ni pha ng nam tnh Qung ng v vng bin o pha nam Qunh Chu (Hi Nam).

Kt qu kho st ngun t liu phng ch cho thy, trong khong hn ngn nm, cc nh nc qun ch t thi ng n Thanh ch gii hn cng vc bin pha nam n khong 18 v bc, thuc a bn chu Nhai, vic qun l hnh chnh v qun s n cc o ngoi khi cch tr s chu Nhai khong 10 km. T kha: Phng ch, Nht thng ch, Tnh ch, a phng ch, Vit Nam, Trung Quc, Bin ng.

2011 Thi i Mi

1. dn

Ch v phng ch Trung Hoa c trnh by tng quan v in trn mt tun san trc y1, kho lun ny c pht trin trn c s y, 1 Bi vit Ty Sa v Nam Sa cha tng c ghi nhn trong lch s phng ch Trung Hoa, Tui Tr Cui Tun, s 42 - 2010, ngy 24/10/2010.

thi i mi TP CH NGHIN CU & THO LUN

S 22 thng 8, 2011

Phm Hong Qun | Ghi chp lin quan n bin ng 101

Thi i Mi | Thng 8, 2011

vi hai mc ch. Th nht, nhm tm hiu v mt loi hnh tr tc rt c bit trong kho th tch c Trung Hoa; th hai, nhm vo vic su tp v nghin cu cc t liu c lin quan n bin ng.

Xt v gi tr, phng ch l loi sch lch s a l ti trng yu trong kho tng vn hin Trung Hoa, thng c bin son cng phu, in n vi s lng rt hn ch v b mt mt cng kh nhiu, cc nc phng Ty v Nht xem loi sch ny nh l nhng ti liu c bn nghin cu a - chnh tr c i. Thng k nm 1958 ca Chu S Gia trong Trung Quc a phng ch tng lc cho thy 41 th vin ln i lc gi c 7.413 ta (109.143 quyn), phn ln tp trung Bc Kinh2, vic thu thp phng ch c vn duy tr v n nm 1985, tng s tng thm vi khong 8.200 ta3. Nhng nm chin tranh cui Thanh u Dn Quc, khong hai phn ba s sch phng ch c v tay ngi nc ngoi. Theo nhng s liu thng k trc nm 1980, Th vin Quc hi Hoa K gi 3.750 ta (khong 60.000 quyn), Th vin Vin Yn Kinh i hc Harvard gi 3.525 ta, Th vin Vin ng i hc Chicago gi 2.700 ta, th vin cc i hc Anh Quc gi 2.516 ta, th vin cc i hc Nht Bn gi 2.866 ta, th vin cc i hc chu u gi 2.590 ta4,.. Trc y, ng Joseph Needham5, mt chuyn gia v lch s vn minh Trung Hoa, Hi trng Hip hi tm hiu Anh Trung ti Anh Quc ni: Nn vn ha c i ca Hy Lp cho n cn i ca Anh Quc u khng li c trong kho tng vn hin ca mnh mt loi hnh tr tc tng t nh phng ch Trung Quc6 .

Trong kho tng th tch c Trung Hoa, cc chuyn mc a l ch trong chnh s tuy lin tc v c h thng, nhng ch ch trng a l 2 Dn li Trn Chnh Tng , Trung Quc phng ch ch a l hc gi tr, [ / Geographical Evaluation of the Chinese Fang-chih], Lun vn Tin s, Hng Cng Trung vn i hc, 17/2/1965, (ch thch 4, tr.3). 3 Theo Trung Quc a phng ch lin hp mc lc, Trung Hoa Th cc, Bc Kinh, 1985. 4 Theo Chu S Gia, M Quc Quc hi th qun tng Trung Quc phng ch mc lc, 1942; Vin Nghin cu Phng ng v Chu Phi i hc Lun n, Anh Quc cc th qun s tng a phng ch tng mc lc, 1979; Nht Bn Quc hi th qun, Nht Bn ch yu th qun, Nghin cu s tng Trung Quc a phng ch tng hp mc lc, 1969; Ng c Minh, u chu cc quc th qun s tng Trung Quc a phng ch mc lc, 1957. 5 Tc gi Lch s Khoa hc k thut Trung Quc (5 quyn), Sciece and Civilisation in China, Cambridge University Press, 1956. 6 Dch t bn Trung vn, theo Lm Din Kinh, Trung Quc a phng ch, Thng Hi C tch xut bn x, 1996. [. . ].



hnh chnh7, mun tm hiu cn k v chi tit v hin trng t nhin v nhiu mt hot ng ca nhng a phng th phi tm n phng ch. Phng ch l ni cha ng nhng thng tin bch khoa, bin chp r v c th v cc n v hnh chnh, qu trnh thay i tn gi, tch nhp t ai, v ni sng thnh trn, ng s thu b, d liu kinh t, tnh hnh vn ho, nhn vt., vi nhng c tnh mang nhiu u im nh vy, phng ch cng c xem l sch lch s a phng. Loi hnh phng ch ra i sau chnh s [a l ch], sau cc chuyn th v a l du k v sau vic son v a , v do phi hp, pht trin t cc loi hnh ny cng thm vic ghi chp chi tit v tnh hnh x hi, kinh t v vn ho nn dn dn n tr thnh loi sch cng c cc c quan qun l t trung ng n a phng theo di tnh hnh t ai, nhn s, cng s, binh b, giao thng, vn ha, kinh t, sn vtthuc a bn c cp.

Trong kho lun ny, ti s gii thiu tng quan v cc b phng ch c thc hin do s ch o ca hong cc triu i Trung Hoa, cng vi nhng phng ch t tuyn nhng c triu nh tha nhn v c hc gii cao. V tng ch s kho st cc b qua cc triu ng, Tng, Nguyn, Minh, Thanh; v thng ch s kho st cc b thuc a bn Qung ng; v a phng ch s kho st b vit v o Qunh Chu. Bn cnh phn tng quan l phn trch dch cc phn/mc c lin quan n cng gii bin pha cc nam Trung Hoa. Do c tnh k tha trong vic bin son phng ch, nhiu ni dung b trng lp s ch chn dch mu i din.

2. Khi nim v c tnh phng ch

Phng ch [], vi ngha chp r v mt ni, l thut ng gi chung cho loi sch lch s a l mang tnh c th ca Trung Quc. Tn gi phng ch c bit n sm nht qua sch Chu L , thin a Quan trong sch ny cho bit chc quan Th Hun coi v a , chc quan Tng Hun coi v phng ch, trong bi cnh thi nh Chu, phng ch c hiu gii hn trong vic thu thp thng tin v sng ni, phong tc, vt sn, ngn ng bn phng gn xa, triu nh, quan Tng Hun c nhim v gii p thc mc cho Hong trong lnh vc ny, khi Hong i tun, quan Th Hun v quan Tng Hun i hu bn xe8. Phng Ty cng c loi hnh tr tc gn ging vi phng 7 Phm Hong Qun, Nhng ghi chp lin quan n bin ng Vit Nam trong chnh s Trung Quc, Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin S Khoa hc v cng ngh Tha Thin Hu, s 1, 2011 [trang 44- 88]. 8 Chu L, a Quan, Tng Hun, Thp tam kinh ch s, cun Thng, Chu L ch s, tr.747. Trung Hoa th cc nh n bn, 1979.



ch Trung Hoa l loi sch nghin cu khu vc [ regional study ], tuy nhin vic phn b mc v tiu ch thu thp t liu gia hai loi c nhiu im khc bit. Do khng c thut ng tng ng nn trong Anh ng, t phng ch thng c chuyn ng theo hnh thc nm bt tnh cht, c khi l gazetteer [trong h thng th mc ca Harvard-Yengching, 1975], hoc local topography [ Joseph Needham, 1959; Oxford, A.S. Hornby, 1977], hoc local records [ Chinese-English Dictionary, CPI, 2007], hoc local gazetteer [Chen, Hong Kong, 1965]9, hoc the economic development and geographical changes [Chen, W. Germany, 1962]10. Trong ting Vit, xa dng cc t d a ch, ch, nay thng dng t a ch , cc t ny c th xem l tng ng vi phng ch.

V i th, c th chia phng ch lm 3 loi: 1/ tng ch (chp v c nc); 2/ thng ch(chp v mt tnh); 3/ a phng ch( chp v ph, snh, chu, huyn, hng, trn). Phn nhiu cc b tng ch v thng ch c tin hnh qua ch d ca hong , c thc hin bi s ch o v tham gia trc tip ca cc i thn v quan ng u a phng. Cc a phng ch th c thc hin t pht, thng l bi cc v quan trn nhm ti gii c tinh thn ch trng thc hc, h bin son a phng ch vi nhu cu o luyn v pht huy kin thc, khi hon thnh, a s cc cng trnh ny c dng ln hong coi xt, nhng b a phng ch tt s c s dng nh l ti liu tham kho cho hong v nh thn, mt mt cng lm c s d liu cho vic bin son tng ch hoc thng ch v tc gi ca chng c xem l ngi cai tr nm bt su st tnh hnh a phng vi s u i hn trong vic bt thng tin.

Tng ch tng i hon chnh [Nguyn Ha Qun huyn ch, nm 813] xut hin sau loi hnh chnh s [S k, ~ nm 100 tr.cn] gn mt ngn nm. Thng ch kh hon chnh ca mt s tnh c thc hin thi Minh, cho khp cc tnh ton Trung Hoa c lnh thc hin nm 1729 [Thanh, Ung Chnh nm th 7], nhiu b thng ch c son ni thm [tc tu, trng tu] n 5, 6 ln.

Trong th mc truyn thng [kinh-s-t-tp], phng ch cc loi thuc S b, a l loi; tng ch xp vo a l loi - Tng ch, thng

9 Xem ch thch 2. Trong tiu lun vn ca mnh, Trn Chnh Tng [Cheng-siang Chen] khng chuyn ngha t phng ch sang Anh ng m dng cch phin m [fang-chih], ring trong bi tm tt bng Anh ng cui lun vn, ng vit rng c th gi phng ch l local gazetteer (tr. 45). 10 Xem thm ch thch 2 & 8, Trn Chnh Tng, i Loan a ch, i Bc 1959, 1960, 1961. Bn Anh ng 1962.



ch v a phng ch xp vo a l loi- hi qun huyn11. Th vin i hc Thanh Hoa phi hp phng php phn loi thp tin Dewey vi phng php phn loi truyn thng kinh-s-t-tp, xp loi sch phng ch thuc S b, tng ch vo nhm m s 300, thng ch v a phng ch vo nhm m s 310. Th vin Quc hi Hoa K xp phng ch vo nhm a l v Nhn loi hc [nhm k hiu G.]12. Th vin Quc hi v cc i hc Nht Bn xp phng ch vo nhm S [nhm VII], loi D a [loi 5]13.

3. Tng ch

Da vo tnh cht v th l trong ni dung thin V Cng sch Thng Th14 a s hc gi cho rng y l m thc s khi ca loi hnh tng ch. V Cng xut hin trong bi cnh nh H (2205 tr.cn- 1766 tr.cn), ni dung vit rng sau khi lm xong cng vic tr thu, vua V chia t lm chn chu, da theo th ni, n cy lm du, nh cc ni cao sng ln15. Chn chu c phn chp c th gm: 1/ K chu , nay khong tnh Sn Ty, 2/ Duyn Chu , khong Sn ng, 3/ Thanh chu , khong Sn ng, 4/ T chu , khong Giang Nam, 5/ Dng chu , khong Giang Nam, 6/ Kinh chu , khong H Nam v H Bc, 7/ D chu , khong H Nam, 8/ Lng chu , khong T Xuyn, 9/ Ung chu , khong Thim Ty v Cam Tc. Mi chu chp v cc i tng: mch ni ln, dng chy sng ln, th nhng, sn vt, thu rung t, giao thng v cc tc dn. Nh H trong lch s Trung Hoa thuc vo thi i na truyn

11 Theo T kh ton th gin minh mc lc, (Thanh) Vnh Dung ch bin, To Dip Sn Phng thch n bn, 1919. 12 Du Sng M, th qun hc thng lun, Chnh Trung th cc, i Bc, 1953. Chng 15, th ch phn loi, tr.108-132. [. . , , 1953].

13Hn tch tng th s ti mc lc, ng Dng vn kh, 1965.[, , , 41]. 14 Cn gi l Kinh Th, mt trong nm kinh ca Nho gia. Sch ny, v thi im xut hin c nhiu gi thuyt, v mt khc, trong ni dung ca n nht l a bn chn chu cp trong thin V Cng cng c nhiu kin khc nhau v s tng ng vi cc vng t hin nay, trong kho lun ny ti tm chp nhn theo cch din gii m s ng trong hc gii Trung Quc ang chp nhn. 15 , - [, , 34], nguyn vn, trch V Cng, phn H Th, sch Thng Th [trong Thp tam kinh ch s, Thng Th chnh ngha, quyn 6, t 34. Bn Trung Hoa th cc 1979, quyn Thng, tr.146].



thuyt na tn s, v sch Thng Th ch c bit n vo thi Hn, tc chp li s vic lu truyn t hai ngn nm trc, v vy ch nn xem Thng Th l ni by t th gii quan ca ngi thi Tn, Hn. Tn gi V Cng vi ngha vic np cng thi vua V, qua vic phn hoch vng min p nh mc thu, ni dung phn vit ny gin tip din t s lc nhng c h thng tnh hnh a l t nhin v nhn vn ca nc Trung Hoa thi nh H. Li vn trong thin V Cng ngn gn, vic phn b t ai thnh chn chu c coi l m thc cc triu i sau ny phn cp b, chu, o v hin nay gi l tnh, cc ghi chp phn nh tnh hnh ca tng chu nh c tun th theo mt cng nht qun, tm ngi sau da vo m trin khai thnh m hnh tng ch.

T Hn n Tu, cc ghi chp theo m hnh tng ch u khng cn, trong b chnh s Tu th, phn Kinh tch ch cn lu vi tn sch v trong li bt cho tiu mc s b - a l loi cng dn hai b tng ch tiu biu ng thi l Khu v ch v Ch Chu kinh16. Nm i Nghip th nm (609), Thi Trch nhn chiu thc hin Khu v ch , 250 quyn, khi hon thnh, Tu Dng cho l cha t, li lnh cho Ngu Th C v Ha Thin Tm son thm, tng ln thnh 600 quyn17 . Khu v ch nay khng cn, cc ghi chp v n nh tn tc gi, s quyn cng bt nht, ngi thi Thanh l Vng M trong Hn ng a l th sao vit mt on vn m t Khu v ch v ch su tp c 3 iu t sch ny do Thi Bnh ng lm trch lc v 3 iu do Thi Bnh hon v k trch lc18. Ch Chu kinh hay cn gi l Tu chu qun kinh, 100 quyn ca Lang y Chi cn lu li c phn ni dung kh hn Khu v ch, trong Thi Bnh ng lm gi c 120 iu, Thi Bnh hon v k gi c 128 iu v D a qung k gi c 9 iu, S vn loi t gi c 1 iu, cng chung trong 62 trang bn in khc19. Cc iu cn st li t Ch chu kinh l m, khng trn vn cho chu, qun no, c nhiu chi tit cho thy do ngi thi ng

16 Tu th, quyn 33, Ch 28, Kinh tch 2. Bn THTC, cun 4, tr.987. 17 Tu th, quyn 77, Lit truyn th 42, Truyn Thi Khuch v con l Thi Trch. Bn Trung Hoa th cc, cun 6, tr.1757. Truyn Thi Trch chp Khu v ch 250 quyn, nhng quyn 33, Ngh vn ch [coi ch thch 16] cng chp tn sch Khu v ch nhng s quyn th chp ch c 129. 18 Tham kho Hn ng a l th sao, (Thanh) Vng M, Trung Hoa th cc nh n bn, Bc Kinh, 1961. Tr. 206, Ngu Mu -Tu - Khu v ch. Trong su tp ca Vng M, tc gi Khu v ch c chp l Ngu Mu [tc Ngu Th C], tc l ngi bin son li ln sau. 19 Hn ng a l th sao, sd, tr.207-223.



chp thm vo20 v khng c iu mc lin quan n cng gii cc nam.

Thi ng, tng ch kh hon chnh u tin c bin son vo i ng Hin Tng , do T tng L Ct Ph , lm xong nm 813, nhm nm Nguyn Ha th 8, nhn gi tn Nguyn Ha qun huyn ch21. L Ct Ph (758- 814) t Hong Hin , ngi huyn Tn Hong o H Bc. Tng gi cc chc Thi thng bc s, Trung th th lang, nhiu nm trn nhm a phng, hai ln gi chc T tng [vo nm Nguyn Ho th 2 v th 6], i hc s Tp Hin vin, Gim tu quc s.

Nguyn Ha qun huyn ch l tn gi ban u, theo li ta ca L Ct Ph th sch ny c cc a nh km, nn tn sch c ch , v sau, phn a khng cn, nn tiu trong mc lc T kh ton th - S b vit l Nguyn Ha qun huyn ch. Phn yu sch ny trong T kh cng cho bit trc y c 47 bc a u phn vit v cc trn, n thi Tng th mt. y l b tng ch c lit hng xa nht, gm 40 quyn (nay ch cn 34 quyn), phn nh c cu hnh chnh 10 o thit lp nm u Trinh Qun (627) v vic chun nh phn cp ph, chu, huyn vo nm Trinh Qun th mi ba (639). B cc sch ly n v hnh chnh cp o, Ph lm cng, m t tng quan lch s din cch, a gii hin ti [t ch bt o], tng s h, thu thu bng sn vt; k n l phn chp v tng Chu, Huyn, trong mi chu/ huyn phn mc chp v khong cch n l s ch qun, dm ng n bn ni xung quanh, lch s din cch, sng ni, thnh trn, di tch, vt sn. Bt u l Kinh Triu ph [ , Ty An] thuc Quan Ni o chp ln lt cc o, n cui cng l Lng Hu o . Lnh Nam o phn chp trong 5 quyn [t quyn 34 n 38], Lnh Nam o 2 (quyn 35) nm trong s 6 quyn mt, ch cn lu c mc lc tn cc chu, qua danh mc 15 chu ny thy c 5 chu Nhai , Qunh , Chn , am , Vn An

20 Hn ng a l th sao, sd, tr.209 , Tu chu qun kinh c on vit: Nm th 3 nin hiu Hin Khnh (nh ng), ct 30 dm ng Chu, ni gip gii huyn T Phong vi t ng Xuyn, nhn c tn ng Chu., ng thi c nhiu on khc cp vic dng t ca nh ng sau ny, cho thy su tp ny khng thun l sch thi Tu. 21 Nguyn Ha Qun Huyn ch, Kim Lng th cc hiu san, Quang T lc nin (1880), [, - , ], tham kho bn Th vin i hc Waseda, KH. 5- 136 [34 quyn, ng thnh 8 cun]. c gi cng c th tham kho bn in chp t bn Vn Uyn Cc [thuc T Kh Ton Th], i Loan Thng v n th qun, 1983. Hoc bn in ca Trung Hoa th cc, Bc Kinh, 1983 [trong Tng san Trung Quc c i a l tng ch].



l nm trn phn t o Hi Nam, so vi a l ch trong Cu ng th th s chu tng ng22 .

Vi hc gi thi Thanh tham kho cc ti liu xut hin trc sau thi ng vit thm b Nguyn Ha qun huyn b ch23 [vit tt B ch] nhm phc dng 6 quyn mt trong Nguyn Ha qun huyn ch. B ch hon thnh nm Cn Long th 40 (1775) do hai cha con Nghim Quan, Nghim Tin Phk tha s co ca Ung S Honh24. B ch cho thy o Qunh [Hi Nam ngy nay] vo i ng gm 5 chu Nhai, Qunh, Chn, am, Vn An, u thuc o Lnh Nam.

Trch dch:

Trch mc lc Nguyn Ha qun huyn b ch

Lnh Nam o..

Nhai Chu, [3 huyn] X Thnh, Trng Mi, Vn Xng.

Qunh Chu, [5 huyn] Qunh Sn, Lm Cao, Tng Khu, Lc Hi, Nhan La.

Chn Chu, [5 huyn] Ninh Vin, Din c, Ct Dng, Lm Xuyn, Lc n.

am Chu, [5 huyn] Ngha Lun, Xng Ho, Cm n, Lc Trng, Ph La.

Vn An Chu, [4 huyn] Vn An, Lng Thu, Ph Vn, Bc Liu.

[ . : , , . : , , , , . : , , , , . : , , , , . : , , , . ]25

Trch dch phn vit v chu Chn [ chu cc nam o Qunh]

Chu Chn [Chn chu], 819 h. (n)26, t ny vi qun Chu Nhai cng thuc qun Lm Chn trong i Tu i Nghip, li gi qun Ninh

22 Tham kho Cu ng Th, quyn 38, Ch 18, a L 1, Tng lun. Bn THTC cun 5, tr.1384,1385. 23 Nguyn Ha Qun Huyn b ch, bn in khc Kim Lng th cc, nm Quang T th 8 (1882). [, - , ], tham kho bn Th vin i hc Waseda, KH. 5- 136 - 9. 24 Theo li ta ca L Vn Siu trong Nguyn Ha Qun Huyn b ch, sd. 25 Trch B ch, sd, phn Lnh Nam o, t 1.



Vin. [nh ng] Nm V c th nm [622] t chu Chn, nm u Thin Bo [742] i lm qun Lm Chn, nm u Cn Nguyn [758] t tr li l chu Chn.

a gii, tm ni n:

Bc n Thng 27 8.606 dm

Bc n ng 28 7.797 dm

ng n chu Vn An 160 dm

Nam n bin ln 7 dm

Ty n chu am 420 dm

Bc n chu Qunh 450 dm

ng nam n bin ln 27 dm

Ty nam n bin ln 10 dm

Ty bc n huyn Din c 90 dm

ng bc n chu Qunh 450 dm

Thu np: vng, mm [nia] my 5 mu, vi dt si mc min [hoa go] by thc n.

Qun l 5 huyn : Ninh Vin, Din c, Ct Dng, Lm Xuyn, Lc n.

Huyn Ninh Vin. (n), Ninh Vin, Din c, Ct Dng, Lm Xuyn u l t huyn Lm Trn thuc qun Ut Lm thi Hn, thi Tu c t dim [trng] huyn ny.

Sng Ninh Vin n huyn tr 1 dm (nguyn vn)29.

Huyn Din c, pha ty n chu tr 70 dm.

(n), huyn ny t thi Tu, thuc chu Nhai; thi ng thuc chu Chn.

Sng Din c n huyn tr 1 dm (nguyn vn)

Huyn Ct Dng, ng bc n chu tr 90 dm.

26 Phn vit sau ch (n) trong nguyn tc l li xt ca ngi son tp, tc ca Nghim Quan hoc Nghim Tin Ph. 27 Thng , tc ph Kinh Triu, nay l thnh ph Ty An, tnh Thim Ty. 28 ng , tc ph H Nam, nay l thnh ph Lc Dng, tnh H Nam. 29 Phn c vit trc ch (nguyn vn) tc l phn cn st li t Nguyn Ha Qun Huyn ch, c cc tc gi B ch gi nguyn.



Nm Trinh Qun th hai [628] t lm huyn, tch t Ninh Vin (nguyn vn)

Huyn Lm Xuyn, ng nam n chu tr 80 dm.

(n), huyn t thi Tu, thuc chu Nhai. Vn xa l huyn Lm Trn. Nm [Tu] Khai Hong th mi [590] ly huyn ny ban cho Tin Phu nhn Cao chu lm p thang mc, sau b [lnh y], trong nin hiu i Nghip [605-617] li t lm huyn. Thi ng i tn huyn l Lm Xuyn.

Huyn Lc n, ng bc n chu tr 200 dm.

(n), huyn ny t sau nin hiu Thin Bo [742-756].

[ , . . , ,

,

, : , ,

: , , , ,

, , , , ,

, .



, .

, , * []

, . ]

[ , , , 21,22 ]30

Cng trong thi ng, trc nin hiu Nguyn Ho c ba b tng ch. B th nht l Qut a ch do L Thi ch bin [,], hon thnh nm Trinh Qun th mi su (642), b ny mt gn ht, nguyn tc 550 quyn nay ch cn 8 quyn. B th hai l Thp o thut ca T tng Gi am [, ], lm xong trong khong nin hiu Trinh Nguyn (785-804), cng b mt gn ht, nhng ghi chp tn st c tp hp bi Vng M trong Hn ng a l th sao, vi tiu Gi am qun quc huyn o k []. B th ba bit c qua ti liu n Hong, phn vn th, s hiu 518, b phn a ch tn st c mt xp ghi chp mang hnh thc tng ch, cc nh kho c xc nh ti liu ny c lm ra trong khong nin hiu Thin Bo (742-755), do mt phn tn sch, nn ti liu ny c hc gi Hng t ngi u tin kho st - t tn l ng Thin Bo s tn a ch31. Mt kho thch cn k ca Vng Trng Lc v nhiu ti liu phng ch tm c ng n Hong c xut bn nm 1993, trong ng Thin Bo s tn a ch c gi l ng Thin Bo s nin a ch tn quyn kho thch32, on t liu lin quan n chu Chn ch cn 35 ch, gm tn chu Chn, qun Din c, 4 huyn Ninh Vin, Din c, Ct Dng v La Xuyn [vit sai t Lm Xuyn], s hng v s thu thu. Trch dch on di y gm nguyn vn g li t bn n Hong v phn hiu im, kho thch ca Vng Trng Lc:

Kho thch ti liu a ch tn st nhng nm u nin hiu Thin Bo nh ng.

30 Trch B ch, sd, phn Lnh Nam o, quyn 8, t 21, 22. 31 Nguyn vn tiu c ngha l a ch cn st thi u nin hiu Thin Bo nh ng. [v tiu ny cn vi cch gi khc na]. 32, , - , , 1993. n Hong thch tht a ch tn quyn kho thch, Trung Hoa hc thut tng th, Vng Trng Lc tr- Trnh Nghi T chnh l, Thng Hi C tch xut bn x, 1993. Sch ny tp hp 14 sch phng ch- a l tn khuyt, phn ng Thin Bo s nin a ch tn quyn kho thch 75 trang.



Qun Din c, nh chun [hng h] ca chu Chn trc y, Ninh Vin [hng trung] c hai hng, 270 h, Din c [hng h], hai hng, 357 h, Ct Dng [hng h], hai hng, 250 h, La* Xuyn [hng h], mt hng, 260 h (nguyn vn).

Kho thch, Chu Chn t tr s ti Ninh Vin, nay l Th trn Nhai Thnh pha ty huyn Nhai o Hi Nam; Din c t tr s gn Th trn Pht La pha ty nam huyn Lc ng o Hi Nam ngy nay; Ct Dng t tr s gn Th trn ng Kiu, pha ng bc huyn Nhai o Hi Nam ngy nay; La* Xuyn, cc sch a ch u vit l Lm Xuyn, nay l huyn Nhai tnh Qung ng. Chu Chn lnh 4 huyn, gm 7 hng.

..

[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []. ()

: , . . . , . .

[, , - , , 1993. (57)]33

Nhn xt,

Trn nguyn tc s liu, tng ch thi ng l Nguyn Ha Qun huyn ch khuyt phn vit v vng t cui cng pha bin nam. Tn gi ca 5 n v hnh chnh trn o Qunh cn lu c phn Mc lc trng khp vi bin chp trong chnh s, qua c th da vo Cu Tn ng th kt lun v cng gii nh ng v pha bin cc

33 n Hong thch tht a ch tn quyn kho thch, sd, trang 57. Trong on vn ny c hai im cn lu : 1/ cc ch h, trung trong ngoc vung [] [], ch th hng ca chu, huyn xem ch thch s 57 (bn di), 2/ cc ch thin trong ngoc vung [] ng l sai t ch h , hoc vit ng nhng thuc mt quy c hnh chnh no m ti cha hiu ti, xt thy tng s h ny chnh lch [nhiu hn] mt t so vi s h trong nin hiu Khai Nguyn m sau ny Thi Bnh hon v k ghi nhn, tm dch l h, ch xt thm.



nam34, hai b chnh s ny cho thy hai huyn Ninh Vin v Lm Xuyn thuc chu Chn pha cc nam, khng ghi nhn v nhm o hoc o no v pha bin nam.

B ch thi Thanh thu thp t liu t cc phng ch thi ng v hai b chnh s phc dng phn khuyt v o Qunh, nn cng khng cho t no mi l. B ch chp v pha cc nam o Qunh l hai huyn Ninh Vin v Lm Xuyn thuc chu Chn, khng ghi nhn v nhm o hoc o no v pha bin nam.

Tng ch trong thi Thin Bo chp v s liu thu thu c v chi tit, nhng khng cn lu c phn chp v a gii nn cng khng nhn nh c g thm.

Thi Tng, nhiu b tng ch c triu nh t chc bin son, ly tiu ch chnh thng lm chun th ng k trc l cc sch Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch ca Vng Tn [, ], Cu khu tng yu ca Vng Nht Hu [, ], Hong triu qun huyn ch ca Phm T Trng [, ], Hong triu phng vc ch ca Vng Hy Tin [, ], Tng Ph chu huyn kinh ca L Tng Ngc v Vng Tng [ - , ]. Trong cc b k trn, ch c Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch l cn ton vn, Tng Ph chu huyn kinh vi quy m ln, n 1.566 quyn, lm xong nm i Trung Tng Ph th ba (1010), nay ch cn vi quyn l m, my b cn li ch thy chp tn sch trong cc sch th mc thi Tng.

Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch35, lm xong nm Nguyn Phong th ba (1080), do Ngh Lang ng tu Quc s qun Vng Tn nhn sc ch bin son. Vng Tn (1023-1101) t Chnh Trng , ngi huyn an Dng (Giang T), tin s nm Khnh Lch th su (1046), lm quan tri qua cc chc Tr tc t lang b th Tnh, Tri thi thng L vin, Thng th t tha. Sch Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch nhp T kh ton th- S b.

34 Phm Hong Qun, Nhng ghi chp lin quan n bin ng Vit Nam trong chnh s Trung Quc, Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin S Khoa hc v cng ngh Tha Thin Hu, s 1, 2011, [trang 44- 88]. 35 Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch, 10 quyn, bn in Kim Lng th cc, nm Quang T th 8 (1882), [,, ,], tham kho bn Th vin i hc Waseda, KH. 5- 135 [10 quyn, ng thnh 4 cun]. c gi cng c th tham kho bn in chp t bn Vn Uyn Cc [thuc T Kh Ton Th], i Loan Thng v n th qun, 1983. Hoc bn in ca Trung Hoa th cc, Bc Kinh, 1984, bn ny b thm b phn Tn nh Cu vc ch, gm cc iu mc v C tch.



Tn sch ny phi hp nin hiu bin son [Nguyn Phong] v t cu vc m thnh, cu vc thot t khi nim cu chu phong vc [chia b ci chn chu] trong thin V Cng, y l hnh thc dng in t tn sch, ngoi ra, cng cn lu thm cc t khc nh cu nguyn , cu khu cu hu [] cng ng ngha cu chu. Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch c th c hiu l tng ch bin son trong nin hiu Nguyn Phong. Tng ch ny tuy ra i sau sch Nguyn Ha qun huyn ch nhng quy m km hn, ch c 10 quyn [ Nguyn Ho 40 quyn], vi tng s ch c gn phn na Nguyn Ha qun huyn ch.

Theo bi Biu dng sch ca Vng Tn th Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch chp v cc n v hnh chnh t trung ng n cp huyn tng cng gm 23 l, 4 kinh ph [ ph trc thuc trung ng], 10 th ph [ ph thuc l], 242 chu, 37 qun, 4 gim, 1.235 huyn36. C im cn lu v con s cc l trong Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch, bi biu ca Vng Tn cho bit c 23 l, nhng mc lc sch thy chp 24 l, [ cng 4 kinh, cc chu ho ngoi, cc chu ki mi]37 . Con s 24 l ph hp vi Tng s, bi Tng lun mc a l ch trong Tng s vit: trong nin hiu Nguyn Phong [1078-1085] chia ton quc thnh 24 l. Nm Tuyn Ho th 4 [1122] phn lm 26 l, 4 ph thuc trung ng, 30 ph, 254 chu, 63 gim, 1234 huyn38. Tuy nhin, vn trong nin hiu Nguyn Phong, ton Trung Hoa gm 24 l, hay 23 l phi tm gc li cho ti nghin cu khc.

Cc n v hnh chnh trn o Qunh u thuc l Ty Qung Nam [ l ny gm 23 chu, 3 qun, 64 huyn], gm chu Qunh, qun Xng Ho, qun Vn An, qun Chu Nhai, ni cc nam ca o ny l trn Lm Xuyn thuc qun Chu Nhai.

Trch dch phn qun Chu Nhai:

Qun Chu Nhai, thi ng l qun Din c thuc chu Chn, triu Tng nm Khai Bo th nm [972] i lm chu Nhai, nm Hi Ninh th su [1073] b chu, t lm qun.

36 Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch, sd, t 1. bn Kim Lng. Trong bn Vn Uyn Cc, khng c bi biu dng sch ca Vng Tn, tuy nhin nhm K Qun [tng ti T kh ton th ] c dn li bi biu ny trong phn yu Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch. 37 Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch , sd, phn Mc lc, t 1- 3, bn Kim Lng. Trong bn Vn Uyn Cc khng c phn mc lc. 38 Tng S, quyn 85, Ch 38, a l 1. Bn THTC cun 7, tr.2043-2045. Lc thut theo bi Tng lun a l ch.



a l, cch ng Kinh 7.685 dm; ng, t tr s n a gii 245 dm, t u a gii n qun Vn An 170 dm; ty, t tr s n a gii 120 dm, t u a gii n qun Xng Ho 384 dm; nam, t tr s n bin 10 dm; bc, t tr s n ng L 50 dm; ng nam n bin 40 dm; ty nam n bin 215 dm [th]39; ng bc n Hu Si lnh 250 dm [th]40; ty bc n ni qun Xng Ho 120 dm.

H, dn bn a 240 [th]41, ni khc n 11

Th sn phi np, c cao lng 5 cn [mt nm]42.

Trn, 2 , nm Hi Ninh th su [1073] nhp 2 huyn Ct Dng, Ninh Vin lm thnh trn:

[trn] Lm Xuyn, cch v pha ng tr s qun 80 dm

[trn] ng Kiu, cch v pha ng tr s qun 100 dm, c 2 hng [bn h Tin chp l 1 hng]43

{C tch, trong nin hiu Khai Bo, sc chun i tn nh hin nay [?]44, bn Cc}45.

39 Nguyn vn chp nht th nh, [mt ng l hai], ch nh theo di ch th li khc kiu c bit, gm ch nh + bn [], ch Nh ny khng c trong b g Hanosoft 3.0, nn phn nguyn vn ti thay bng ch . Nh tnh hnh nu, con s 115 dm ngay di chnh i [th] l 215 dm. y l nhng ci i ca Phng Tp Ng, cho bit c bn chp khc, v nhm thc hin bn in Kim Lng gi li. bn dch Vit vn r v tin c, ti ch da vo con s chnh i.[xem thm ch thch 43, di]. 40 Theo di ch thch trn, nguyn vn tam th nh bch ng thp l, dch l: 250 dm. 41 Theo di ch thch trn, nguyn vn tam th nh bch t thp, dch l: 240 (h) 42 Nguyn vn vit Cao lng khng, l tn mt loi cy thn tho, sng lu nm, r cy ny gn ging c gng [khng], dai, chc, dng bn m tr. Khng r s thu 5 cn ny tnh trn mi h hay mi nhn khu. 43 Phn hiu khm cui quyn 9 vit Tin bn tc nht hng [bn ca h Tin chp l 1 hng], Tin bn tc bn in Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch thi Tng cn gi ti th vin t gia Tin Tun Vng , nhm Ng Lan nh khi t chc thc hin bn in Kim Lng da theo bn ca Phng Tp Ng b sung v hiu khm [ in vo nm 1788], Phng Tp Ng s dng bn nh h Tin v nhiu bn khc i chiu. 44 Cu vn ny xt thy thiu ch ng, khng r di tch no c i tn. 45 Bn in Kim Lng khng chp mc C tch, y l ti thm v da vo bn Vn Uyn Cc [v.t. bn Cc], quyn 9, t 59. So snh bn Kim Lng v bn Cc, thy bn Cc khng chp phn lch s din cch sau Chu Nhai qun v Trn nh [lu bn dch bng du (*) cui cu], khng c ch [th] m chp



[Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch, quyn 9, t 30]

(*)

[] []

[]

(*)

[]

{, }

[, , ]46

Trong thi Tng cn c b tng ch c hc gii nh gi rt cao l Thi Bnh hon v k (976-983), v ba b c nh gi cao l D a qung k (1111- 1117), D a k thng (1221) v Phng d thng lm (1239).

Thi Bnh hon v k 47 nguyn tc 200 quyn, mc lc 2 quyn, hin ch cn 193 quyn48. Sch do Nhc S son, lm xong

thng con s ging nh bn dch Vit vn, bn Cc thm mc C tch [nhng khng hon chnh]. 46 Nguyn vn g li theo bn in Kim Lng, Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch, quyn 9, t 30. Trong bi vit trc y ng trn Tui tr cui tun ngy 24/10/2010 [ch thch 1, trn], ti kho st nhm mt chi tit quyn 10, t 3-4, ni dung ny cng vit v chu Nhai nhng li ni v 3 huyn b ct nhp vo chu Qunh, a n vic nu sai tn huyn cc nam, l Mi Vin, ng phi l trn Lm Xuyn. Nhn qua bi vit ny, ti xin nh chnh chi tit b sai trn bo Tui tr v co li vi c gi. 47 Thi Bnh hon v k c nhiu bn in, trong bi vit ny ti cn c vo hai bn, 1/ bn in ca Vn nh Lan vi li ta ca Hng Lng Ct vit nm Gia Khnh th tm (1803), li Ta ca Trn Lan Sm vit nm Cn Long qu su (1793), li Phm l ca Vn nh Lan, bi Biu dng sch ca Triu tn i phu Hnh chc phng vin ngoi lang Trc



trong khong nin hiu Thi Bnh Hng Quc (976- 983). Nhc S (930-1007) t T Chnh, ngi huyn Nghi Hong, chu V, o Giang Ty, tin s trong nin hiu Thi Bnh Hng Quc, son sch do s thch, lm xong mi dng ln, tuy l sch t tuyn nhng ni dung hon b, vt xa Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch. Nhc S k tha thnh qu cc tng ch ca Gi am, L Ct Ph thi ng, cc phn a l ch trong chnh s, tng hp v b sung d liu ng thi lm thnh sch Thi Bnh hon v k. Cc tng ch trc Nhc S phn mc ni dung c bn gm: s din cch [ca kinh, ph, chu, qun], a gii, h, thu thu, ni sng, thnh p, quan ti, huyn ho ngoi [khng trc tip qun l], Thi Bnh hon v k m rng thm cc mc: phong tc, nhn vt, tnh th [h], vt sn, ngh vn, t di [quan h quc t]. Vi cch thu thp t liu phong ph, lin quan n cc lnh vc x hi, kinh t v vn ho, t tin l cho m hnh ghi chp ton din v a phng, trong lch s phng ch hc, cng trnh ca Nhc S c xem l to mt bc ngot ln. Sch Thi Bnh hon v k nhp T kh ton th- S b.

Thi Bnh hon v k phn chp v 13 o, mi o phn chp theo cp ph, chu, qun, gim. Bt u t ng Kinh nm trn a bn o H Nam v sau cng l chu Long V thuc o Lnh Nam v dnh ring phn cui [28 quyn] chp v t Di. n y c hai im cn phi lu , mt l vic phn o v l thi Tng, thi gian bin son Thi Bnh hon v k vn trc Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch, lc ny nh Tng vn cha ci t ton din vic phn cp qun l, vn gi c cu 15 o cui thi ng, chnh sa cn 13 o, sau nin hiu Thi Bnh, n nm Ch o th ba (997) li i thnh 15 l, n nm u Thin Thnh (1023) chia lm 18 l, v n nin hiu Nguyn Phong (1078-1085) th mi chia 24 l nh Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch m t49. V vy a l hnh chnh khong 100 nm u thi Tng c nt gn ging a l hnh

s qun Thng tr quc Nhc S, li Hu t ca Vn nh Lan vit nm 1793, trong s cc li / ta trn, ring c li ta ca Hng Lng Ct mang tiu Trng hiu san Thi Bnh hon v k t / , cui bi nm Gia Khnh th tm, c th da vo y tm xc nh bn ny in nm 1803. (gi bn ny l bn Vn); 2/ bn in Kim Lng th cc, Quang T bt nin (1882) [ ] (gi l bn Kim Lng). Ngoi ra, c gi c th tham kho bn in nm 1983 ca i Loan Thng v n th qun [nh n t bn Vn Uyn Cc (thuc T kh ton th) ]. Cn na, Th vin Vin nghin cu Hn-Nm Vit Nam [H Ni] c mt bn chp tay Thi Bnh hon v k, dng trch lc, k hiu VHv -1282. 48 Phn yu v Thi Bnh hon v k trong T kh ton th ghi theo s quyn hin cn l 193 quyn. Cc quyn t 113 n 119 b mt, chp v mt phn o Ty Giang Nam. Trong ni dung 193 quyn hin cn cng c nhiu chi tit st m. 49 Tng s, quyn 85, Ch 38, a l 1, Li dn. Bn THTC, cun 7, tr.2094.



chnh cui thi ng. Hai l, trong phn vit v o Lnh Nam, Nhc S chp li cc ghi chp hi thi ng, Ng i v 19 chu t chu Giao v chu Phong tr v nam [quyn 170, 171] m khng ch thch r v nin im tn ti ca hai chu ny, d gy nhm ln v phm vi b ci ca nh Tng v ch quyn xc lp trn hai chu Giao, Phong50, nhn bit cc chu ny khng thuc cng vc nh Tng, nn lu k mc lch s din cch cc chu, huyn, mc lch s din cch 19 chu ny dng thi ng, khc vi cc chu khc cng thuc o Lnh Nam c cp nht tn gi mi n nin hiu Thi Bnh Hng Quc.

Thi Bnh hon v k t quyn 157 n quyn 171 chp v o Lnh Nam, quyn 169, Lnh Nam o 13, chp 6 n v l qun Thi Bnh, chu Li, chu am, chu Qunh, chu Nhai, chu Vn An. Trong 6 n v trn, qun Thi Bnh v chu Li thuc phn t bn o, 4 chu am, Qunh, Nhai, Vn An nm trn o Qunh, chu Nhai l ni cc nam.

Trch dch phn chu Nhai:

Chu Nhai mi51

Chu Nhai vn l chu Chn, tc nay l ni qun Lm Chn thi Tu, cng gi qun Din c. Thi ng, nm V c th nm [622] t chu Chn, nm u Thin Bo [742] i lm qun Lm Chn, nm u Cn Nguyn [758] t li lm chu Chn, tr s chu t ti huyn Ninh Vin, t ai cng nh qun Chu Nhai. Nh Tng, nm Khai Bo th su [973], ct t chu Nhai c cho thuc vo chu Qunh, li i chu Chn lm chu Nhai.

Lnh nm huyn: Ninh Vin, Din c, Ct Dng, Lm Xuyn, Lc n

a gii chu:

ng ty, khuyt [mt ch]; Nam bc, khuyt [mt ch]

T ch bt o:

Bc n ng Kinh 7.685 dm

Bc n Ty Kinh 7.797 dm 50 o Lnh Nam 14, gm cc chu : Giao, Phong; o Lnh Nam 15, gm cc chu: i, Hoan, Lc, Phc Lc, Trng, V Nga, Vit, Chi, Thang, Din, Lm, Cnh, Lung, Hon, c Ho, Lang Mang, Long V. [ , : , - , : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .] 51 Chp chu Nhai mi phn bit vi chu Nhai c vn c a bn rng hn, ct 3 huyn X Thnh, Trng Mi, Vn Xng cho thuc vo chu Qunh.[ xem bn Kim Lng, quyn 169, t 12, Cu Nhai chu.]



Bc n Trng An 8.606 dm

ng n chu Qunh 450 dm

Ty nam n bin ln 15 dm

Nam n bin ln 27 dm

Ty n chu am 420 dm

ng n huyn Lng Thu chu Vn An 160 dm H

Thi ng nin hiu Khai Nguyn [713-741] c 819 h

Hin thi c 340 h bn x, 11 h ni khc n.

Phong tc, ging nh chu Qunh52.

Th sn, np cng: Vng

Huyn Ninh Vin, c hai hng, l t huyn Lm Chn thi Hn, thi Tu t lm ni tr s ca chu.

Huyn Din c, cch pha ty tr s chu 40 dm, c hai hng, l t huyn Lm Chn thi Hn, thi Tu t huyn.

Huyn Ct Dng, cch pha ng bc tr s chu 90 dm, c hai hng, l t huyn Lm Chn thi Hn, thi ng nm Trinh Qun th hai [628], chia ra t huyn Din c, t huyn.

Huyn Lm Xuyn, cch pha ng nam tr s chu 80 dm, l t huyn Lm Chn thi Hn, thi Tu t huyn.

Huyn Lc n, cch pha ng bc tr s chu 20 dm, c hai hng,

Ni Lc iu, bi chn nui Trng Lng, ni Lc Trng, sng L di ni Chc o, ni Lc Vin, dy Chung Din, cc ni ny u l ni sng ca qun p.

*

, , , *, ,

* *

52 Phong tc chp phn chu Qunh kh di, c thy khng c im lin quan n ch ny, ti s dch vo dp khc.



,

*

, , , , , 53*****

[, , , 15-17]54

D a qung k 38 quyn55, do u Dng Vn son trong nin hiu Chnh Ho (1111-1117). Theo hc gi thi 53 Cc ch c du sao (*) gm 5 ch, do ti hiu khm ni dung nguyn vn, so vi bn Kim Lng, bn Vn (1803) thiu ch ng , Lm Xuyn vit sai l Lm C, khng c 2 ch Khuyt 54 Nguyn vn g li theo bn Kim Lng, quyn 169, t 15-17. 55 D a qung k 38 quyn , Kim Lng th cc hiu san nm Quang T th su (1880) [ , , ] , tham kho bn Th vin i hc Waseda, k hiu 5 137 [ 38 quyn, ng thnh 4 cun], bn ny phn u sch c li Ta ca tc gi u Dng Vn nm Chnh Ho, li



Bc Tng Triu Cng V vit trong Qun Trai c th ch th u Dng Vn l tn gi ca mt ngi n danh, cn theo hc gi thi Nam Tng Trn Chn Tn vit trong Trc Trai th lc gii th u Dng Vn l chu ca vn gia-s hc gia tr danh u Dng Tu56. Sch D a qung k nhp T kh ton th- S b.

D a qung k dnh 3 quyn u trnh by cng yu v s bin i cng vc trong lch s v tng th qu trnh din cch a l hnh chnh Trung Hoa t thi nh Chu n nh ng- Ng i. B phn ny c sp xp kh khoa hc, to s tin li trong vic tra cu nhanh, t 9 chu thi nh H, n 14 qun thi nh Tn, 13 qun thi nh Hn, 19 o thi nh Tn, 15 o thi ng cho n cc chu thi Ng i, y l im mi so vi cc tng ch ng thi. T quyn 4 n quyn 38 chp v cng vc nh Tng, phn chp v 4 kinh, 23 l, dn xung cc cp ph, chu, qun, huyn. D a qung k khng chp v t ch, ng s, h khu, phong tc, th sn nh cc sch tng ch ng thi, nhng li chp rt k v s thay i a danh v s phn chia ct nhp ca cc vng t cho n cp huyn.

Bi cnh D a qung k thuc cui thi Bc Tng, cc n v hnh chnh trn o Qunh c bn tng ng vi ghi chp trong Nguyn Phong Cu vc ch, gm 1 chu [Qunh] v 3 qun [Xng Ho, Vn An, Chu Nhai], trch dch v qun Chu Nhai:

[ngang vi chu cp thp]57 Qun Chu Nhai, thi Tu l t qun Chu Nhai ; thi ng nm V c th nm [622] lp qun Lm Chn

ta cho ln khc in nm Gia Khnh nhm thn (1812) ca Hong Phi Lit , theo Hong Phi Lit th y l bn truyn t thi Tng. Thun Hu canh tut (1250). c bit sau ny cn c bn in D a qung k do Tn Tinh Hoa hiu khm, Qung Nh th cc xut bn nm Quang T th hai mi lm (1899), ngoi ra cn nhiu bn D a qung k in chung trong cc tng th T kh ton th, V Anh in t trn bn th (Thanh), Tng th tp thnh s bin, Quc hc c bn tng th (Dn Quc). 56 Theo Phan Tng Chu , Bo L ng Tng bn th lc S b - , tr. 216 [Thng Hi C tch xut bn x, 2007]. V theo kho st ca Hch Thu Bnh trong Trung Quc i th in (1994), trang 466. 57 Nguyn vn vit ng h chu trc khi chp tn qun Chu Nhai, y l quy c v qun l hnh chnh thi ng Tng, l du hiu cho bit tnh hnh t ai, dn s v kinh t ca ph, chu, qun, gim, huyn. Thi ng chia huyn 7 bc: Xch , K , Vng, Khn, Thng, Trung, H, trong Xch gi huyn ngay ni t kinh , K gi cc huyn quanh kinh , 5 bc cn li l ng cp ng dng cho cc huyn ton quc. i khi, c lc quy nh huyn c hn 3000 h th ghi ch Vng, sau li tng ln l hn



thuc chu Chn, li gi l qun Ninh Vin, nm u Thin Bo [742] gi l qun Din c ; thi Ng i thuc nh Nam Hn. Nh Tng nm Khai Bo th nm [972] i lm chu Nhai, nm Hi Ninh th su [1073] b chu, t lm qun Chu Nhai, nay c 2 trn,

Trn Lm Xuyn, vn l huyn Lm Xuyn t hi cui nh Tu.

Trn ng Kiu, u thi ng l chu Chn, lnh 5 huyn Ninh Vin, Din c, Ct Dng, Lm Xuyn, Lc n ; thi Nam Hn lc bt 3 huyn Din c, Lm Xuyn, Lc n ; nh Tng nm Hi Ninh th su lc bt 2 huyn Ninh Vin, Ct Dng, lm thnh 2 trn Lm Xuyn, ng Kiu.

[Quyn 37, t 8, Qung Nam ty l, h]

[, , , 58 D a k thng 59, nguyn tc 200 quyn, do Vng Tng Chi son xong nm 1221 (Gia nh th 14, nh Nam Tng). Vng Tng Chi t Nghi Ph, hiu ng Dng , ngi trn Kim Hoa chu V (Chit Giang), tin s nm Khnh Nguyn th hai

4000 h, t c s bc Vng h dn xung bc H. Qun Chu Nhai trc y l chu i thnh qun, qun tuy ng cp thp hn chu nhng c hai u trc thuc l, v tnh hnh chung, qun ny thuc ng cp ngang vi chu cp thp [nht]. 58 D a qung k sd, quyn 37, l Ty Qung Nam, t 8. 59 D a k thng, mc lc 200 quyn, hin cn 169 quyn. Bn in C Doanh Trai, theo bn sao thi Tng ca Vn Tuyn Lu, nm o Quang th 29 (1849) [ , ], tham kho bn Th vin i hc Waseda, k hiu5 3386 [200 quyn ng thnh 64 cun], bn ny phn u sch c li Ta ca i hc s Nguyn Nguyn nm o Quang k du (1849), li Ta ca L Thc nm Tng- Bo Khnh inh hi (1227), li Ta ca tc gi Vng Tng Chi nm Gia nh tn t (1221) v trch lc mt s nhn xt v D a k thng t cc sch khc. Ngoi ra, c bit c bn nh n D a k thng t bn Vit Nh ng tng th do Vn Hi xut bn x, i Bc, 1971.



(1196), quan ch n chc Tri huyn [huyn Phn Ninh, huyn Giang Ninh], s trng v a l hc, tng truyn c b D a 16 quyn ph theo b D a k thng, nhng ton b 16 quyn a mt hi thi Nguyn, ring D a k thng b mt hn 31 quyn v 16 quyn b mt mt s t.

D a k thng chp tng tn v 16 l thuc cng vc Nam Tng, cc ph, chu, qun, gim cng 166 n v. Phn mc v din cch chu, huyn thu thp rng cc bin chp trc , cng thng nht gm : din cch, phong tc, hnh thng, cnh vt thng, cnh vt h, c tch, quan li, nhn vt, tin thch, bi k, thi, t lc [vn]. So vi cc tng ch trc y, D a k thng c phn phong ph hn v t liu lch s din cch, ch trng hn v thng tch v vn hc.

Phn chp v l Ty Qung Nam t quyn 103 n quyn 127, cc quyn v s t u cn . M u quyn 103 l li tng lun v din cch ton l, k n l chp v 25 n v gm : 1 ph [ ph Tnh Giang, tr s l], 21 chu, 3 qun. Cc n v trn o Qunh gm 1 chu [Qunh] v 3 qun [ Xng Ho, Vn An, Ct Dng]. Qun Chu Nhai thi Bc Tng n y i gi l qun Ct Dng,

Qun Ct Dng, hnh thng

Qunh qun ch60 vit : ngoi l cc chu L, T Mt, Ct Lng61, cng i ngang vi Chim Thnh ; ty l Chn Lp, Giao Ch ; ng l Thin L Trng Sa, Vn L Thch ng, trn di m mt, ngn dm mt mu, thuyn b qua li, chim bay gn bn u bn c m khng thy s.

[quyn 127, Qung Nam Ty l, Ct Dng qun, t 2-3]

.,

,, , , , , , , , ,

60 Qunh qun ch c dn trong D a k thng hin khng cn, theo tn sch, ch Qunh qun c vit tt t tn c quan Qunh qun an ph gim, c quan ny thy c cp trong D a k thng , mc din cch chu Qunh [quyn 124, t 3], on vn ny vit l nm Tuyn Ho th nm (1123), i c quan Thu lc chuyn vn s ca 3 chu am Nhai, Vn An thnh Qunh qun an ph gim, qun l 3 qun Xng Ho, Vn An, Ct Dng. Qua chi tit ny c th phng nh Qunh qun ch c vit trc D a k thng gn 100 nm. 61 L, T Mc, Ct Lng, nhng a danh ny c l c phin m t tn cc o Burias [nay phin l B L T ], Sulu [nay phin l T Lc], Kota Baru [nay phin l Ct Lan an].



[,,,,,]62

Ph kho, D a k thng, quyn 124, Qunh Chu, Cnh vt h, [Qunh Sn huyn, Vn Xng huyn], Tht Tinh Sn. on vn di y chp v mt a danh, ni ny tuy khng nm pha cc nam o Qunh nhng v sau a danh ny s c tng ch nh Thanh trch dn lin kt vi cc t liu lin quan khc, v vy, c th xem y l t liu ngun lin quan n a danh Tht Tinh Sn - Tht Chu Dng.

Tht Tinh Sn, ti pha ng huyn Qunh Sn, ni gip gii b bin huyn Vn Xng, trng nh by v sao.

Tht Tinh Lnh, gn b bin huyn Vn Xng, th nh chui ngc.

[,,,,,]63

Phng d thng lm64, nguyn tc 70 quyn, do Chc Mc son, hon thnh nm Gia Hy th ba (1239). B tng ch ny c nh gi l phong ph t liu vn hc. Cc mc v din cch a danh, a gii phn nhiu sao chp li t D a k thng, phn vit v Qunh Chu thuc quyn 43, iu lin quan n vng bin nam trong mc Ct Dng qun, Hnh thng cng trch li cu trong Qunh qun ch nh D a k thng trch [ dch trn]. Sch Phng d thng lm nhp T kh ton th- S b. Nhn xt, Tng ch thi Tng nh im qua, nhn chung c vit trong hai thi k, vi nhng c trng kh r ca hai thi Bc Tng v Nam Tng. Tng ch thi Bc Tng vi Thi Bnh hon v k hon thnh lc nh Tng mi lp triu i, ghi chp v cng vc v a l hnh chnh cn phng pht c ch nh ng. T liu v s h dn chp trong Thi Bnh hon v k cho thy chu Nhai vi 5 huyn m ch hn 350 h [gn bng phn na thi ng], chng t vng t cc nam ny rt hoang vu. Cho n nhng nm Nguyn Phong l lc tnh 62 D a k thng , sd, quyn 127, Qung Nam Ty l, Ct Dng qun, t 1-2 63 D a k thng, sd, quyn 124, Qung Nam Ty l, Qunh chu, Cnh vt h, t 9. 64 Phng d thng lm, c gi c th tham kho cc bn in: Phng d thng lm, i Loan Thng v n th qun, nh n t bn Vn Uyn Cc [T kh], 1983, ti bn 1991; Tng bn Phng d thng lm, Thng Hi C tch xut bn x, nh n bn Tng (Hm Thun), 1986.



hnh chnh tr, kinh t nh Tng n nh, Nguyn Phong cu vc ch cho thy chu Nhai h xung cp qun, s h gim, ch cn hn 250 h, 5 huyn ch nhp cn 2 trn. C cu qun l hnh chnh ca l Ty Qung Nam sut thi Nam Tng gm nhiu chu v 3 qun, c 3 qun ny u trn o Qunh, v lun bc h, tc bc 5, l nhng a phng thp nht v kinh t. Yu t v kinh t c l cng l mt l do khin nh Tng khng my quan tm n hn o ny. Cng vc nh Tng v pha bin nam khng vt qu chu Nhai, vic pht hin hoc khai thc, qun l ni xa hn chu Nhai [qun Chu Nhai, qun Ct Dng] v pha bin nam khng thy cc tng ch ghi nhn.

Tng ch thi Nam Tng c im mi l cc bin chp lin i rng vi cc ni bn ngoi. Qua sch D a k thng, c th nhn nh b a phng ch u tin l Qunh qun ch l sch cp n s tip gip gia o Qunh v cc ni xa v pha nam, cch ghi chp trong Qunh qun ch cho thy r nhng ni c cp nh cc chu L, T Mc Ct Lng hoc cc nc Chn Lp, Giao Ch v cc vng o Thin l trng sa, Vn l thch ng u l nhng ni xung quanh, chng c ghi nhn vi ngha th hin s tng tip v khng gian a l rng, hon ton khng biu l rng ni no trong cc ni y thuc a ht Qunh Chu.

Thi Nguyn, i Nguyn i nht thng ch 65, gi tt l Nguyn nht thng ch nguyn tc 1300 quyn, lm xong nm i c th by (1303), do Trt M Lt inh , Ngu ng Long, Bt Lan Phn v Nhc Huyn ch bin, bt u son t nm 1284 theo sc ch ca Ht Tt Lit. B tng ch vi quy m rt ln ny tht tn trong thi Minh, nay ch cn hn 30 quyn, cc quyn ny thuc phn chp v 6 chu pha bc Trung Hoa nn khng kho st cng vc tng th c. B tng ch ny bt u nh danh tng ch ton quc l Nht thng ch v cch gi ny tr thnh tin l cho cc triu Minh, Thanh.

Thi Minh, i Minh nht thng ch 66 l tn do Chu K Trn ( Anh Tng) t cho b tng ch c tn gc l Thin h nht

65 Theo Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc, quyn 10, phn S b, quyn 5, t 5a [bn in Thng Hi C tch xut bn x, 1991]. 66 Thin H Nht Thng ch, bn in khc Vn Th ng , nm Thin Thun th 5 (1461). [, , ], tham kho bn Th vin i hc Waseda, k hiu 5 2698. Quyn u gm Ta/ biu, a v mc lc, m u l li Ta ca Chu K Trn (Anh Tng)/ Ng ch Thin h nht thng ch t, bi biu dng sch ca L Hin nm Thin Thun th nm (1461). c bit cng mt b ny c 5 bn in, u trong thi Minh: 1/ Ni ph khc bn, Thin Thun th 5 (1461); 2/ Thn c Th Trai khc bn, Hong Tr th 18 (1505); 3/ Th Lm Dng th Quy Nhn Trai khc bn, Gia Tnh th 38



thng ch, do Thng th b Li, i hc s L Hin lm Tng ti (ch bin), lm xong nm 1461, gm 91 quyn, khc in cng nm. L Hin (1408-1466) t Nguyn c, ngi huyn Trnh tnh H Nam, tin s triu Tuyn c, lm quan tri cc chc v T th lang b Li, Thng th b Li, Hn lm hc s, i hc s in Hoa Ci, tc Thiu Bo. Nm Thin Thun th hai (1458) nhn sc bin son Minh nht thng ch. Tiu trong T kh ton th S b tn sch l Minh nht thng ch.

Quyn u ca b tng ch ny gm li ta ca hong , bi biu dng sch ca L Hin, sc ch b nhim cc chc v bin son, mc lc, v 16 bc a , gm 1 bc ton quc, 1 bc Bc Kinh, 1 bc Nam Kinh v 13 bc ca 13 Ty B chnh. Phn ni dung chnh phn chp theo tng khu vc hnh chnh, t quyn 1 n quyn 5 chp v Kinh S, t quyn 6 n quyn 18 chp v Nam Kinh, t quyn 19 n quyn 88 chp v 13 ty B chnh, quyn 89,90 chp v cc nc bn ngoi. Trong mi Ty B chnh, u tin chp tng quan v s thay i m hnh qun l qua cc thi, sau phn chp tng ph, trong mi ph phn chp cc mc: kin tr din cch, cc huyn, tn qun xa, hnh thng, phong tc, sn xuyn, th sn, cng th, hc hiu, th vin, cung tht, quan i cu , cha miu, lng m, c tch, quan ln qua cc thi, nhn vt c ting qua cc thi.

Bc a ton quc mang tn Thin h nht thng chi v a Ty B chnh Qung ng vi tn Qung ng a l chi , hai bc ny cho thy cc nam cng vc nh Minh ch n ht ph Qunh Chu67.

Ty B chnh Qung ng chp trong 4 quyn [quyn 79 82], ph Qunh Chu thuc quyn 82, ph ny lnh 3 chu [am, Nhai, Vn], 10 huyn. Cc nam ph Qunh Chu l chu Nhai, trch dch phn chp v chu Nhai,

Chu Nhai, cch v pha nam tr s ph [Qunh Chu] 1110 dm, vn l t qun Chu Nhai thi Hn; thi Tu t qun Lm Chn; thi ng i lm chu Chn, t tr s ti huyn Ninh Vin, nm u Thin Bo i lm qun Din c, li i l qun Ninh Vin, nm u Cn Nguyn t tr li l chu Chn; thi Tng i l chu Nhai, trong nhng nm Hi Ninh i l qun Chu Nhai, trong nhng nm Thiu Hng ph b ri t tr li l qun Ct Dng ; nh Nguyn vn theo ; triu ta trong nhng nm u Hng V t tr li l chu Nhai, trong

(1559); 4/ Dng th Quy Nhn Trai khc bn, Vn Lch th 16 (1588); 5/ bn Vn Th ng m chng ti kho st. Ngoi ra, cn mt bn khc in ti Nht Bn vo nm Nguyn Lc th 12 (1699). 67 Thin H Nht Thng ch, sd,quyn th, phn a .



nhng nm Chnh Thng ly huyn Ninh Vin nhp vo, 1 dm c 14 h dn, lnh 1 huyn l Cm n.

[, , ,,]68

Trong phn vit v ph Qunh Chu ni chung, qua cc mc Kin tr din cch, Hnh thng v Sn xuyn khng thy ghi chp g lin quan n pha bin nam. v pha ng ph ny, trong mc Sn xuyn c chp v a danh Tht Tinh Sn tng t nh quyn 124 sch D a k thng chp, trch dch di y,

Tht Tinh Sn, gn b bin pha ng huyn Vn Xng, ni c by ngn, trng nh chui ngc, cn c tn Tht Chu Dng Sn.

[, , ,,]69

Hong Minh nht thng k yu , 15 quyn, C Sung son, Dip Cn Sn san hnh70, lm xong v khc in trong nin hiu Vn Lch (1573-1619), 15 quyn phn chp v 15 khu vc hnh chnh gm Bc trc l, Nam trc l v 13 ty B chnh. u quyn 1 l li Ta ca Dip Cn Sn, k n l a hin ti Hong Minh i nht thng a l chi v a qua cc thi k Chu [Chu a l chi ], Hn [Hn a l chi ], ng [ng a l chi ], Tng [Tng a l chi ]. Phn chp v cc khu vc, mi khu vc u c 2 a , mt bc tng th a hnh v mt bc chp tn cc chu, huyn. Nh nhan nu, ni dung sch tinh gn, chp gin lc m kh khoa hc, ch trng v a l hnh chnh. Cc bc a cng vc

68 Thin H Nht Thng ch, sd, Qung ng B chnh ty,quyn 79-82. Qunh Chu ph, quyn 82, t 17. 69 Thin H Nht Thng ch , sd, Qung ng B chnh ty,quyn 79-82. Qunh Chu ph, quyn 82, t 19. 70 Hong Minh nht thng k yu , 15 quyn, bn in trong nin hiu Vn Lch, sch ny kh him, khng thy cc sch th mc Trung Quc ghi nhn, tham kho bn Th vin i hc Waseda, k hiu 5 1328 [15 quyn ng thnh 14 cun].



tng th nh Minh [quyn 1] v a ty B chnh Qung ng [quyn 6] tng ng vi cc a trong i Minh nht thng ch.

Qung d k , 24 quyn, Lc ng Dng [hiu B Sinh ] son, lm xong v khc in trong nin hiu Vn Lch, v sau, ngi thi Thanh l Si Phng Bnh [t Cu H ] tng b v in li nm Khang Hi bnh dn (1686)71. Sch ny tuy cng cc mc nh Minh nht thng ch nhng ghi chp vn tt gin lc, bn in thi Vn Lch chp thun giai on nh Minh, cn bn in li nm 1686 do Si Phng Bnh tng b cp nht thng tin v s din cch n u nh Thanh, v vy im c nt giao thi. Bn in 1686 m u bng quyn th vi li Ta ca h Si, phn Lch i cng vc cng ca h Si, mc lc sch, b a gm 17 bc, trong gm mt bc ton quc Qung d tng , mt bc Trc l, v 15 bc ca 14 tnh [Thim Ty 2 bc]; phn ni dung chnh t quyn 1 n quyn 24 l ca Lc ng Dng son v Si Phng Bnh tng b.

Sch ny c gi tr b a trong quyn th, bt php thc hin cc a cho thy khng phi ca cng mt ngi v, c l h Si su tp t nhiu ngun, bc Qung d tng tht ra i tn, in li bc Qung d 72 do ngi thi Minh l La Hng Tin tng b t bn gc ca ngi thi Nguyn l Chu T Bn . Phn a cc tnh c thc hin kh chi tit, c mt bc tin xa so vi nhng a trong cc b tng ch trc. Tng nh Qung d k ton 1, tc Qung d tng v Tng nh Qung d k ton 14, tc Qung ng tnh cho thy cng vc Trung Hoa v pha bin nam ch n chu Nhai ph Qunh Chu.

Nhn xt, Tng ch thi Minh tuy khng nhiu nh thi Tng nhng ni dung hon thin hn, i Minh nht thng ch bao qut tng th, ghi chp rt r v kh chi tit v cng vc, Hong Minh nht thng k yu v Qung d k c chung mc ch l trnh by cc mt theo hnh thc gin yu nhng vn gi trng tm phn cng vc v a l hnh chnh, c quan hnh chnh. u im ca tng ch thi Minh c th thy r qua c ba b l, cng vc tng th Trung Hoa v cng gii mi tnh u c minh ho bng cc a . i vi khng gian v pha

71 Qung d k, 24 quyn v 1 quyn th, do cha tm c bn in Vn Lch, ti tham kho bn in nm Khang Hi bnh dn (1686), bn ny cng c ni tn sch l Tng nh Qung d k. 72 Qung d , c in 6 ln trong thi Minh, vo cc nm 1558, 1561, 1564, 1566, 1572, 1579 v nhiu ln trong thi Thanh nn kh ph bin. a ny do La Hng Tin (1504-1567) k tha thnh qu ca Chu T Bn (1273-1333). Ti s trnh by vn ny k hn trong chuyn kho v t liu a c Trung Hoa.



bin nam, cc ghi chp v a u nht qun, chng cho thy cng vc nh Minh ch n chu Nhai.

Thi Thanh, triu nh nhiu ln t chc bin son tng ch73, hin lu hnh 3 b, thi gian bin son ln lt nh sau:

i Thanh Nht Thng ch 356 quyn, do i hc s Tng nh Tch , Vng An Quc ch bin, theo sc ch ca Cn Long, lm xong nm Cn Long th tm (1743), bn in u do Ni ph khc nm 1744(74).

Khm nh i Thanh Nht Thng ch , 424 quyn75, do i hc s Ha Thn nhn sc trng tu [son thm vo b son nm 1743], lm xong nm Cn Long th hai mi tm (1763). Nhp T kh ton th nm Cn Long th bn mi chn (1784).

Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch 560 quyn, do i hc s Tng ti Quc s qun Mc Chng A , Hn Lm vin bin tu L T Hin ch bin, b ny da vo bn Ho Thn son thm, theo sc ch ca vua Gia Khnh, lm xong nm o Quang th hai mi hai (1842)76.

73 Trc cc b ang lu hnh, c 9 bn co i Thanh nht thng ch, khng phn quyn m phn theo tnh, do Tng nh Tch v Vng An Quc ch tr thc hin thi Cn Long, hin tn dng bn chp tay, gi l Ni ph sao bn, 9 bn u khng hon chnh, khng s tnh trong ton quc. 74 Bn i Thanh nht thng ch 356 quyn ny, theo kho t ca Trng Cch Phi l 342 quyn [Trung Quc i th in, tr.479]. Theo Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc, sd th c 356 quyn, hin c 2 bn in : 1/ Ni ph khc bn, Cn Long th 9 (1744); 2/ bn in ch ri do Tit T Du hiu im, nm o Quang th 29 (1849). 75 Khm nh i Thanh Nht Thng ch, 424 quyn, theo kho t ca Trng Cch Phi l 500 quyn [Trung Quc i th in, tr.479]. Bn in Hng Bo Trai trong nin hiu Quang T (1875-1908) theo bn V Anh in m ti tham kho ch c 424 quyn v 2 quyn mc lc, Qung ng tnh quyn 338-353, Qunh Chu ph quyn 350. Ngoi bn Hng Bo Trai, b ny cn 2 bn chp tay ca Ni ph triu Cn Long, v mt bn khc in ca Ni ph nm Cn Long th 55 (1790). Qung ng tnh quyn 338-353, Qunh Chu ph quyn 350. 76 Gia Khnh trng tu i Thanh nht thng ch hay cn gi Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch 560 quyn, [ Trng Cch Phi ghi sai l 650 quyn], tham kho bn in ca i Loan Thng v n th qun, 1966, [ti bn t bn Thng Hi Thng v n th qun 1934], ng thnh 11 cun, nh n t bn Thng Hi Hm Phn Lu, bn chp tay ny c ghi l bn dng dng ln vua, lu tr ti Thanh S qun. C bi Ng ch i Thanh nht thng ch t ca hong o Quang nm 1842, bi Biu dng sch ca Tng ti Quc S



Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch c nhiu mc v mi mc chp rng nhiu chi tit, thu tm c cc ghi chp t cc tng ch, thng ch v mt s sch t nhn trong qu kh, n c xem l b tng ch hon b bc nht ca ring triu Thanh v ca c cc tng ch Trung Hoa trong lch s.

u sch v u phn chp v cc tnh, ph u c a , m u l Hong d ton [cun 1, tr.8], m u phn chp v Qung ng thng b l Qung ng ton [cun 9, tr. 5699], m u phn chp v Qunh Chu ph l Qunh Chu ph [cun 9, tr.5930]. Trong cc tng ch thi Thanh, Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch c tnh cch bao qut, nn ch trch dch b ny mt s iu lin quan di y:

Qung ng thng b- Hnh th

Nam gip bin ln, t tr s tnh n i dng chng 300 dm. T pha ng nam ph Triu Chu cng vi ph Chng Chu tnh Phc Kin tip lin vi bin. Pha ty nam chu Khm ph Lim Chu cng tip lin bin Giao Ch, khong cch ng ty hn 2400 dm. Cn Qunh Chu bn mt tr tri, ring trong vng bin.

Ty tip An Nam, t Khm, Lim v ty cng An Nam phn gii, Khm Chu cn l ng bin quan trng.

[q.440, Qung ng thng b, t 4-5. Bn i Thng77, c. 9, tr.5704]

-

.......

..

[, , ,-. 5704]

Qunh Chu ph- Hnh th

Vng t gia bin, ngang dc ngn dm (theo Hn th, truyn Gi Quyn Chi);

qun i hc s Mc Chng A. Ngoi bn in nm o Quang th 22 (1842) ang lu hnh, theo Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc m t cn c mt bn chp; theo Tng nh T kh gin minh mc lc tiu ch [Thiu Thn son, Thiu Chng son thm, Thng Hi C tch xbx, 1959, 1963, 1979, 2000] m t th cn mt bn chp khng (ch c 230 quyn) ca th vin Mc Tr Hin nh h L. 77 i Thng, vit tt ca i Loan Thng v n th qun.



Vng quanh hai ngn dm, ng thng bc nam tm trm dm (theo sch Thu Kinh ch);

Bn chu, mi chu chim mt gc o, quanh l bin ln, gia l ng [ngi] L (theo sch Qunh qun ch thi Tng)

[q. 452, Qunh Chu ph, t 5. Bn i Thng, c.9, tr.5936]

-

, ,

[, .5936]

Qunh Chu ph- Sn Xuyn

Tht Tinh Sn pha bc huyn Vn Xng, sch D a k thng chp rng b bin ni a gii huyn Vn Xng [c 7 ngn] nh 7 v sao lm thnh chui ngc, Minh thng ch chp ni c 7 ngn c tn l Tht Chu Dng Sn, sch Thng ch78 chp rng ni ny cch huyn l Vn Xng v pha bc 150 dm [khong 75 km], ngoi bin khi, trn c rng cy ti tt, di c khe ngi, l ni ngi i bin gh ly ci ly nc. Khong nhng nm Thin Khi thi Minh [1621-1627] c dng thp ni y, [ngn ni] m ng c sui 7 dng, ngy m m o khng dt.


-

, ,, 79

[, .5938]

Qunh Chu ph- Sn Xuyn

78 Thng ch, ch Qung ng thng ch, s cp phn vit v Thng ch. 79 Nguyn vn on ny trong bn Khm nh i Thanh Nht Thng ch 424 quyn [quyn 350, t 11]c khc vi ch, trch i chiu tham kho: , ,, , . , , .



i Mo chu, chu Nhai c hai chu [bi] ln nh, i Chu [bi ln] pha ng tr s chu, gia bin; Tiu Chu [bi nh] pha ty tr s chu, gia bin. Li c Song Chu Mn, cch pha ng tr s chu tm dm, hai bi ng i nhau nh hai cnh ca.


-

?

[, .5945]

Ngoi cc b tng ch quan tu k trn, trong thi Thanh cn phi k n hai b rt ni ting l c s phng d k yu ca C T V v Thin h qun quc li bnh th ca C Vim V ... Tuy nhin, mc d cng c mt s sch th mc xp vo loi tng ch nhng v tnh cht v phm vi kho cu, hai b ny thin v hng lch s a l hc, khc hn cc tng ch im qua. S c kho st trong chuyn khc.

Nhn xt, Tng ch thi Thanh k tha v pht huy truyn thng bin son tng ch trong lch s, cc triu i nh Thanh tng t chc iu tra thu thp cc loi t liu trn din rng phc v cho vic bin son thng ch cc tnh v tng ch ton quc.

Nhng on trch dch t Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch phn no cho thy vic bin chp tng tn v rnh mch v nhng i tng trong tng mc, on vn v hnh th tnh Qung ng cho thy r cng vc v ranh gii ca tnh ny, o/ ph Qunh Chu c ghi nhn l ni tr tri, khng thy cp n khng gian bin v pha nam. Mt chi tit thuc mc sn xuyn ph Qunh Chu cp n i Mo chu [c lao i Mo], cho thy y l thng tin c cp nht mi v c th, ring v chi tit m t hai c lao v tr ca ng chu Nhai ny, tng ch chp chi tit hn c a phng ch80., qua y c th khng nh khng gian vng bin ngoi khi chu Nhai. Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch bin chp li mt cch c h thng v Tht Chu 80 Ghi chp c th v cc vng t nh nh bi i Mo thng thng a phng ch chp chi tit hn tng ch, nhng trong Qunh Chu ph ch li chp vn tt hn Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch , c gi c th lin h chi tit ny vi a danh i Mo chu trong mt chi tit v vic tun tiu ca quan binh nh Thanh quanh bin Qunh Chu [xem thm bi vit Nhng ghi chp v vng bin Qung ng (Trung Hoa) v bin ng (Vit Nam) trong i Thanh thc lc i chiu i Nam thc lc ca Phm Hong Qun, Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin s 2 (85).2011, trang 69.]



Dng, cho thy r qu trnh bin i tn gi t Tht Tinh Sn hi thi Tng, iu ny s trnh gy nhm ln i vi cc nghin cu gn y cho rng Tht Chu Dng l tn gi trong th tch c nhm ch qun o Ty Sa [Hong Sa].

Ba bc a c lin quan n vng bin pha nam in trong Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch nht qun vi cc bin chp trong mc hnh th tnh Qung ng, trong mc hnh th v sn xuyn ph Qunh Chu, chng cho thy cng vc, khng gian vng bin v pha nam tnh ny ch n i Mo Chu ngoi khi chu Nhai.

4. Thng ch.

Nhng bin chp mang hnh thc lch s a l / phong tc v mt khu vc, mt vng min xut hin rt sm so vi cc sch thuc loi hnh tng ch. Hoa Dng quc ch, 12 quyn ,ca Thng C vit trong thi ng Tn (317- 420) c xem l sch t ca loi hnh thng ch v a phng ch, bn quyn u sch ny ly a vc lm cng, phn chp v bn ni, gm: Ba ch , Hn Trung ch , Thc ch, Nam Trung ch ng vi ba chu Lng, ch, Ninh thi Tn [nay trong khong Thim Ty, T Xuyn]. Mi quyn phn mc chp v lch s cng vc, khu hnh chnh, sng ni, ng s, sn vt, dn tc, phong tc, m khong, c tch , qua bn quyn ny Thng C c xem l ngi t ra th l phn mc thng ch. Ngi sau cng cho rng Thng C tng kt l lun bin son phng ch thi k s khi, vi quan im Th kh ng thin / ni dung tch hp 5 iu tt trong li Ta, Thng C cho rng son thng ch phi ch t c o ngha, r rng php lut, thng sut xa nay, tuyn dng ngi c cng, ti to ngi hin nng81.

Nhng ghi chp ring bit v vng chu Giao, chu Qung cng xut hin kh sm, Giao Qung k [hoc gi Thp t chu k] ca Hong Cung, Qung chu k ca Bi Uyn vit trong thi Tn vi nhng on cn li thng c cc phng ch i sau trch dn82. Cho n thi Minh, loi hnh Thng ch t ti mc hon thin, phn nh c ton din cc hot ng ca mt khu vc hnh chnh.

81 Hoa Dng quc ch, 12 quyn (ng Tn) Thng C son, bn in trong T b b yu, i Loan Trung Hoa th cc, 1965. 82 Vng M, Hn ng a l th sao, phn su lc Qung Chu k ca Bi Uyn (tr. 366- 371); Thp t chu k ca Hong Cung. ( tr. 151-152) , bn in chp do Trung Hoa Th Cc, 1961.



Lin quan trc tip n vng bin pha nam Trung Hoa l cc b thng ch tnh Qung ng, trc sau c 8 b, u do cc quan chc cp cao tnh ch tr bin son.

Trong thi Minh c 4 b:

Qung ng Thng ch s co 40 quyn, 1 quyn Th, do n st Ng s Qung ng i Cnh ch bin, lm xong nm Gia Tnh th mi bn (1535), khc in trong nin hiu Gia Tnh (1522-1566)83.

Qung ng Thng ch 70 quyn, do Thim s kim Th ging Hc s Hong T ch bin, lm xong nm Gia Tnh th ba mi su (1557), khc in trong nin hiu Gia Tnh84.

Vit i k 32 quyn, Quch Ph son, khc in trong nin hiu Vn Lch. Ch cn 27 quyn, t quyn 3 n quyn 29(85).

Qung ng Thng ch 72 quyn, 1 quyn Th, Quang lc t khanh tr s Quch Ph son, li Ta ca Quch Ph nm Vn Lch nhm dn (1602), khc in trong nin hiu Vn Lch86.

83 B Qung ng Thng ch s co ny ti cha tm c kho st trc tip, y ghi nhn theo li Nguyn Nguyn trong bi biu dng sch Qung ng thng ch 334 quyn nm o Quang th hai (1822), trong bi biu ca ln bin son b thng ch tnh Qung ng sau cng thi nh Thanh ny, Nguyn Nguyn nhc ti 5 b thng ch c bin son trc , [Quyn Th, T, t 3, bn in Qung ng thng ch 334 quyn, Nguyn Nguyn, i Bc 1959]; B Qung ng Thng ch s co 41 quyn cng thy ghi tn sch trong Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc, sd, S b, a l loi, cun 5, quyn 10, t 107. 84 Theo Nguyn Nguyn [ch thch 83, trn] v Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc, sd, S b, a l loi, cun 5, quyn 10, t 108. Trong Ng quc Nam Hi ch o s liu hi bin (1988), nhm Hn Chn Hoa trch dn cc iu mc lin quan trong bn in mc bn nm Gia Tnh th ba mi by (1558). Theo th mc tham kho ca nhm T Thng K trong Qung ng lch s a tp (1995) thy c bn in nm Gia Tnh th bn mi (1561). 85 Theo Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc, sd, S b, a l loi, cun 5, quyn 10, t 108. 86 y l b ti trc tip kho st, b ny nguyn ca Th vin t gia h T B [ theo n T B vn kh / t u quyn Th], hin nay c gi ti Th vin i hc Waseda, KH : 5- 1508 (71 quyn, ng thnh 32 cun). Theo Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc ghi nhn, th b ny 72 quyn, v hin ch cn 10 quyn [l cc quyn 23, 37-38, 45-47, 55-56, 68-69], sd, S b, a l loi, cun 5, quyn 10, t 108. Theo th mc ca nhm T Thng K trong Qung ng lch s a tp (1995) thy c bn khc in nm Vn Lch th ba mi (1602).



Trong thi Thanh c 4 b:

Qung ng Thng ch, 30 quyn, do Tun ph Qung ng Lu Bnh Quyn87 son, lm xong nm Khang Hi th mi hai (1673)88.

Qung ng Thng ch [khng r s quyn] do Tng c Lng Qung Kim Quang T 89 son, lm xong nm 1675, khc in nm Khang Hi th ba mi su (1697)90.

Qung ng Thng ch, 64 quyn, do Tng c Qung ng Hch Ngc Ln 91ch bin, lm xong nm Ung Chnh th chn (1731). y l b thng ch c thc hin theo sc lnh ban b nm Ung Chnh th by v vic t chc son tu thng ch cho cc tnh ton Trung Hoa. B ny cng l b thng ch Qung ng duy nht c nhp T kh ton th92.

87 Lu Bnh Quyn, Tun ph Qung ng t nm Khang Hi th by (1668), n nm Khang Hi th mi bn (1675) mt ti nhim s. [theo Thanh s co, quyn 201, Nin biu cc quan bin cng 5, Biu 41. Bn in Trung Hoa th cc (THTC) cun 25, tr.7521]. 88 Theo Nguyn Nguyn [ch thch 83, trn], b ny ch thy Nguyn Nguyn nhc n, khng thy cc tc gi hin i dn, cng khng thy tn sch trong Trung Quc C tch thin bn th mc , cng khng thy tn sch trong Tng nh t kh gin minh mc lc tiu ch [sd]. 89 Kim Quang T, Tun ph Qung Ty t nm Khang Hi th t (1665) n nm Khang Hi th chn (1670) [ Thanh s co sd , Biu 41], t nm 1670 thng Tng c Lng Qung n nm Khang Hi th hai mi (1681) [Thanh s co, quyn 197, Biu 37. Bn THTC, cun 24, tr.7114]. 90 Nhm Hn Chn Hoa, nhm Trn S Kin [trong Nam Hi ch o a danh t liu hi bin, 1987 ] u c trch dn, cng thy trong th mc tham kho ca nhm T Thng K [trong Qung ng lch s a tp]. Li Ta ca Nguyn Nguyn khng nhc b ny. 91 Hch Ngc Ln, Tng c Qung ng t thng 3 nm Ung Chnh th by (1729) n thng 2 nm Ung Chnh th mi (1732) [Thanh s co, quyn 197, Biu 37. Bn THTC. cun 24, tr.7174 ]. Mc yu Qung ng thng ch 64 quyn trong T kh ton th gin minh mc lc (1919) v Tng nh t kh gin minh mc lc tiu ch [sd] vit Hch Ngc Ln l Tun ph. Tuy nhin, trong quyn Th ca b Qung ng thng ch ny, mc Danh sch quan vin tu son chp l Tng ti, Qung ng Tng c, thn, Hch Ngc Ln, trong li Cn n khi a b ny vo T kh ton th, nhm K Qun cng vit Quc triu Tng c Qung ng. 92 y l b ti dng kho st, ngun t bn Vn Uyn Cc T kh ton th.



Qung ng thng ch, 334 quyn93 do Thi t thiu bo Binh b thng th st vin Hu ng s Lng Qung Tng c Nguyn Nguyn gim tu, Trn Xng T tng ton, lm xong v khc in ln u nm o Quang th hai (1822)94.

Ngoi tm b nu trn, cn hai b thng ch Qung ng khc c vit trong thi Minh, mt b ca T Triu Chit v mt b ca Trng Vn Dc . Hai tc gi ny thy c nhc n trong li Cn n Hch Ngc Ln Qung ng thng ch 64 quyn ca nhm K Qun95, nhng cha thy cc b thng ch, ph ch v sau trch dn, cng khng thy cc sch th mc nu tn.

Nhng b thng ch Qung ng trn y c bin son ni nhau trong khong thi gian gn ba trm nm [t nm 1535 n nm 1822]. i th cc b tng ng v ni dung, phn b chuyn c vi im khc nhau, d liu c bn ca mi b phn nh r khng kh sinh hot ng thi, thng tin v tin triu c chp c h thng v gin lc, thng tin v bn triu y chi tit. Di y l bng Mc lc i chiu 2 b thng ch Qung ng tiu biu ca 2 triu Minh- Thanh96, nhm tng lm v c cu t chc trong vic bin son v nm i cng v cc chuyn v b cc cc chuyn trong thng ch.

[Bng 1] Mc lc i chiu 2 b thng ch Qung ng tiu biu ca 2 triu Minh- Thanh:

Mc lc

(q)

Qung ng thng ch 72 quyn + quyn Th, (1602), Quch Ph (Minh)

[s vit tt l Quch ch ]

Qung ng thng ch 64 quyn + quyn Th (1731),

Hch Ngc Ln (Thanh)

[s vit tt l Hch ch ]

Ghi ch

Thuc phn Quch Ph vit tt [Q] ; thuc Hch Ngc Ln vit tt [H]

93 Tng nh t kh gin minh mc lc tiu ch [sd] ghi sai l 330 quyn.(tr.297). 94 V sau b ny li c khc in vo nm ng Tr th ba (1864), nm Dn Quc 23 (1934) Thng Hi Thng v n th qun in chp li t bn ng Tr, nm 1959 i Loan Thng v n th qun ti bn. 95 Khi nhp mt b sch no vo T kh ton th, cc quan Tng Ton qun v Tng hiu phi vit li yu hoc Cn n. Li Cn n cho b Hch Ngc Ln c nhc n bn b thng ch Qung ng thi Minh, gm ca : i Cnh, Quch Ph, T Triu Chit v Trng Vn Dc. [bn Vn Uyn Cc, quyn th, t 9]. 96 V ch tp trung cho ch bi vit, nn trong bng Mc lc i chiu ny ti khng chp phn mc cho nhiu quyn, trng mt cn i, s b tc vo mt dp khc.



Th

* Qung ng thng ch t /

Li Ta ca i Diu , Khm sai Tng c Lng Qung Qun v st vin Hu ng s Binh b Hu th lang(i). (khng nm)

* Vit ng thng ch t /

Li Ta ca L Thi Hoa , Tun ph Qung ng Gam st ng s,

nm Vn Lch tn su (1601)


Li Ta ca Trn Tnh Hc , B chnh s ty Qung ng,

nm Vn Lch nhm dn (1602)


Li Ta ca Vin Mu Anh , Hnh n st ty c Hc hiu ph s (Qung ng)

Khng nm.


Li Ta ca Quch Ph, Quang Lc t khanh, tr s,

nm Vn Lch nhm dn (1602)

* Qung ng thng ch s co t /

Khm nh T kh ton th, S b, Qung ng thng ch.

*Biu dng sch, Hch Ngc Ln

* Phm l,

Gm 30 iu.

* Danh sch quan vin tham gia son tu :

Tng ti, 6 ngi,

.Hch Ngc Ln , Tng c Qung ng

.Ph Thi , nguyn Th Tun ph Qung ng

.Ngc Di t , Tun ph Qung ng

.Tiu K Nin , Quan phong chnh tc s (Q)

.ng Chung Nhc , c hc chnh Qung Chu, Thiu Chu (Q)

.Trn c Hoa , c hc chnh Triu Khnh, Cao Chu (Q)

iu kim Hip bin, 3 ngi,

Vng S Tun , B chnh s Q

Hong Vn V , n st s Q

o Chnh Trung , Lng dch o Q

Tng tp 1 ngi

[Q.] (i) Qua li i Diu bit thm nhng ngi cng tc vi Quch Ph thc hin thng ch ny l Vng Hc Tng , Vin Xng T , cng nhiu tr thc khc.

[Q.] (ii) Trch lc ton vn Li Ta



(ii)

Li Ta ca i Cnh

* Qung ng cu thng ch t / (iii)

Li Ta ca Hong T

* Phm l,

Gm 27 iu.

* Qung ng thng ch tng mc

Gm 72 quyn, s quyn 1 n 72 ng vi s ch trong Thin T vn (iv),

(xem mc lc, di)

L Tng Dc , Hn lm Th ct s Trit Giang

Phn ton, 6 ngi,

H Thm , Tin s, nguyn Tri huyn Trng Sa (H Qung)

Ha Toi , C nhn, nguyn Tri huyn Thanh H (Giang Nam)

L Thiu T , C nhn, nguyn Tri huyn Vnh Tn (Giang Ty)

Trng Trn in , C nhn

D Tch Thun , Hun o huyn Dng Giang (Q)

La Hc T , Sinh vin Huyn hc h. Sn m (Trit Giang)

Gim khc, 1 ngi,

Triu Hong Vn, Kinh lch B chnh ty

*Mc lc

Gm 64 quyn (xem di)

*Li Cn n ca nhm ch tr T kh ton th(a),

nm Cn Long th bn mi su (1781)(b).

ca i Cnh (1535)

[Q.] (iii) Trch lc ton vn Li Ta ca Hong T (1557)

[Q.] (iv) t ch Thin (thin a huyn hong ) n ch Dng (lut l iu dng)

[H.] (a) Tng ton K Qun , Lc Tch Hng , Tn S Ngh ; Tng hiu Lc Ph Tr

[H.] (b) Tc 50 nm sau, cng trnh ny nhp T kh ton th

1-

13

Phin tnh ch

Q.1. D ,

Quyn 1



Tng thuyt v cng vc, km 2 bc a (v) , phn d, phn tinh, phn , chim tinh kho chng, din cch, hnh thng, kh hu.

Q.2- Q.6. S k

Trch lc t liu lch s v Qung ng, bt u t thin Nghiu in sch Thng th (vi), dng ti nm Long Khnh th su (1572) (vii)

Q.7. Cng th

Ghi chp v cc cng s hnh chnh, hc hiu(viii), thu rung, h khu, n in, thu mui, tnh hnh sn xut mua bn mui, thu kho cc loi(ix),

Q.8- Q.9. Binh phng

Chc v trong qun, ni quy k lut, v kh, lng thc hu cn, n in, qun bn cung, dn qun, a phng qun, ch tr cp binh lnh, ni ca cc cp ch huy, k binh , chin thuyn (x)

Q.10. Trt quan

Cc ngch trt quan li trong tnh.

Q.11-Q.13. Danh hon

Tiu s cc quan ln c cng vi a phng, c

in m ch /

Su lc cc bi Ng ch, ch d v vic t chc v qun l hnh chnh ca 3 triu Thun Tr, Khang Hi, Ung Chnh :

- Thanh Th tng, Ng ch i Thanh lut t / , nm Thun Tr th ba (1646)

- Thanh Th tng, Ng ch Nhn thn cnh tm lc t/ , nm Thun Tr th mi hai (1655)

- Thanh Th tng, Ban th Ph dch ton th t / , nm Thun Tr th mi bn (1657)

- Thanh Thnh t, Thng d thp lc iu / , nm Khang Hi th mi tm (1679)

- Thanh Thnh t, Ng ch Ch thnh tin s Khng T tn - tnh t / - , nm Khang Hi th hai mi lm (1686)

- Thanh Thnh t, Ng ch Nhan T tn / , nm Khang Hi th hai mi tm (1689)

- Thanh Thnh t, Bnh nh sc mc co thnh Thi hc bi /

[Q.] (v) Qung ng ton v Qung ng tnh thnh (l s)

[Q.] (vi) trch cu /

Nghiu mnh Hy Thc trch Nam giao.

[Q] (vii) Thng 11, c Chnh Mu c i binh dp sn khu Lnh ng.

[Q.] (viii) phn mc: th vin, hc x, hc cung, nghi l t thnh hc cung

[Q.](ix) lng thc, gia sc, ni ngoi thng, thu hi sn, khai khong

[Q.] (x) Ph thm phn k thut ng thuyn



danh triu nh trong lch s(xi).

, nm Khang Hi th ba mi su (1697)

- Thanh Thnh t, Ng ch Hun sc s t vn / , nm Khang Hi th bn mi mt (1702)

- Nhiu ch d quan trng v qun l hnh chnh, hc chnh, binh b trong triu Ung Chnh(c)

[Q.] (xi) T quyn 1 n quyn 13 chp chung cc s vic trong ton tnh, ly chuyn lm cng, a phng lm mc

[H] (c) Chp li chnh lnh ca triu nh c nh hng ti a phng, l im mi so vi cc thng ch thi Minh.

14- 62

Qun huyn ch / (xii)

Phn chp v 10 ph, 1 chu:

Q,14- Q.26. Qung Chu ph./

Gm cc mc: D , din cch, sn xuyn, phong tc, thnh tr, cng th, hc hiu, phng , dch trm, cu , thu li, h khu, thu kho, s mui, n miu, c tch, m c, th sn, chc quan, tuyn c, quan ln, lu ng, nhn vt (xiii).

Q.27-Q.31, Thiu Chu ph /

Q.32-Q.33, Nam Hng ph /

Q.34-Q.38, Hu Chu ph /

Quyn 2.

Tinh d ch /

L thuyt v thin vn, bc hnh phn v tr v s cc v sao, quy c chm sao [Tinh] tng ng vi vng t [D ] , bc hnh u Ngu N, l thuyt(d) , hnh Dc Chn, l thuyt, hnh Thin Th n, l thuyt, hnh Tam Thai Bc u, l thuyt, hnh Lo Nhn Tinh, l thuyt, tinh d ca tng ph(e)

Quyn 3.

D ch /

Mt bc a ton tnh Qung ng ton tnh tng , a 10 ph, 2 chu(f) [cc ph / chu u 2 bc, cng vc v thnh quch ] , a phng v bin Qung ng hi phng (g), a

[Q] (xii) T quyn 14 n 62 (49 quyn) phn chp v 10 ph v 1 chu. Ly a phng lm cng , chuyn lm mc

[H.] (d) su lc cc ghi chp lin quan trong c th

[H[ (e) phn chp v ph Qunh Chu ph thm v Nam Hi [15 ], sao lc mc Lch ch trong Nguyn s.

[Q.] (xiii) Ph Qung Chu l ni t l s ca tnh, tch t vn ho lu i nn cc mc nhiu hn nhng ph khc



Q.39-Q.44, Triu Chu ph /

Q.45-Q.50, Triu Khnh ph /

Q.51- 52, Cao Chu ph /

Q.53-Q54, Lim Chu ph /

Q.55-Q.56, Li Chu ph /

Q.57-Q.61, Qunh Chu ph /

D (xiv), phong tc, thnh tr, thu li, h khu, th sn, chc quan, tuyn c, danh hon, nhn vt.

Q.62, La nh chu / (xv)

ni Mai Lnh, a o Mn, a H Mn.

Quyn 4

Cng vc ch /

Li tiu dn,

Cng vc, hnh thng ton tnh,

Phn chp v 10 ph 2 chu,

Cng vc, Hnh thng, mi ph/chu

Quan i, Bin h [s h], phn chp theo tng huyn,

Quyn 5

Din cch ch /

Tiu dn,

Biu din cch t thng c [ng Ngu, Tam i] n thi Minh, lc bin s din cch t u Thanh n nm Ung Chnh th tm (1730)

Biu din cch 10 ph, 2 chu (h)

[H (f) s ph nh thi Minh, chu tng thm 1[ Lin Chu, gip Qung Ty]

[H] (g) a lin hon gm 16 t [32 trang], bt u t b bin Qunh Chu vng theo hng ty nam qua b bin Lim Chu , theo ng ven bin n hi gii tnh Phc Kin.

[Q.] (xv) D phn mc : a ton ph , kinh (lun v a , cng vc), din cch, sn xuyn,

[H] (h) sau mi ph li c biu din cch ca tng huyn

[Q.] (xv) Chu min ni, gip Qung Ty, trc



thuc tnh,

63- 65

Ngh vn ch / (xvi)

Th mc, Bi k, Thi ph.

Quyn 6

Bin nin ch 1 / ( )

S kin lch s t thng c n ht nh Minh.

Quyn 7

Bin nin ch 2 / ( )

S kin lch s thi Thanh, t nm Thun Tr nguyn nin (1644) n thng Chp nm Ung Chnh th tm (1730) (j)

[Q.] (xvi) T quyn 63 n quyn 72 tr li cch chp 13 quyn u, gm chung cc s vic trong ton tnh, ly chuyn lm cng, a phng lm mc

[H] (j) Bin nin ch (quyn 6-7) tng ng vi S k (q.2 -q. 6) trong Quch ch

Quyn 63

Ngh vn ch, thng

Th mc (xvii)

Quyn 8

L Nhc ch /

[Q] (xvii) danh mc xp theo b Kinh, s , t, tp, gm cc tr tc ca tc gi trong tnh v ca cc tc gi khc vit v vng Giao Qung, mt v hin cn, t xa n ng thi.

Quyn 64

Ngh vn ch, trung

Bi k

Quyn 9

Hi phng ch / (k)

Tiu dn,

Lit k cc V, S, Tun kim ty ven bin cc ca cng, hi o.

Trch lc cc lnh cm.

Trch lc cc k sch phng v bin trong cc

[H] (k) Sau mt quyn ring v Hi phng, Hch ch cn chp thm vic phng v bin vo mc Binh phng (q. 23), Quch ch chp s lc v hi phng v cc loi binh thuyn vo phn Binh



sch Tr hi bin, a tng yu, K hiu tn th, Vit i k v ph ch cc ph ven bin

Binh thuyn (l)

Ph lc, Lch triu hi khu [cc ng cp bin ln qua cc thi]

phng (q.9- q.10)

[H] (l) Ghi chp s lc v 11 loi thuyn binh : Qung Hi, Khai Lng, Thng Sn, Bt Tng, Ng, Lng u, Ng Cng, Sa, Chin, Vit, Dng.

Quyn 65

Ngh vn ch, h

Thi ph

Quyn 10 quyn 13

Sn Xuyn ch /

Tiu dn

Phn chp ni sng cng, o tng ph, huyn.

66 - 72

Ngoi ch /

o s s si, cha Pht o trng, ti phm, quan tham/ c, phin Di, cc tc dn, tp lc

Quyn 14

Thnh tr ch /

Tiu dn

Phn chp thnh tr cc ph

Quyn 66

Ngoi ch 1

Tin Thch

Quyn 15

Thu li ch /

Quyn 67

Ngoi ch 2

T qun

Quyn 16

Hc hiu ch /

Quyn 68

Ngoi ch 3

Ti phng, Tham khc

Quyn 17

Cng th ch /



Quyn 69

Ngoi ch 4

Phin Di

An Nam, Chim Thnh, Xim La, Tro Oa, Tam Pht T, Mn Lt Gia, Chn Lp, T Mn p Lt, Tch Lan Sn, Pht Lang C, Hng Mao,

Quyn 18

Phng ch / (m)

[H] (m) danh sch cc khu dn c do huyn qun l, gm Sng, Phng, Hng, , Bo, Th. Trong Quch ch Phng l tiu mc chp trong mc Thnh tr, gm Hng, Sng, , Th.

Quyn 70

Ngoi ch 5

Cc dn tc (xviii)

Quyn 19- quyn 22

Cng ph ch /

[thu kho cc loi]

[Q] (xviii) Dao ng [ngi Choang], L H [ngi L], Tp Man , Nu di [ngi Nht

Quyn 71

Ngoi ch 6

Tp lc, thng

Quyn 23

Binh phng ch /

Tiu dn

Lch i binh phng (n)

Binh phng cc ph, huyn

[H] (n) Chp chung v lc qun v thu qun, bt u t nh Tn, chp k vic binh phng nh Minh, vic nh Thanh dng nm Ung Chnh th 8

Quyn 72

Ngoi ch 7

Tp lc, h

Quyn 24

n in ch /

Tiu dn

Lch i n in (o)

Quy ch n in nh Thanh.

n in cc ph, v, (p)

[H] (o) Vic thit lp n in qua cc thi Hn, Tng, Nguyn, Minh.

[H] (p) a im, din tch, sn lng.

Quyn 25

Dim php ch /



Quyn 26 30

Chc quan ch /

Quyn 31 36

Tuyn c ch /

Quyn 37

Phong m ch /

Quyn 38 42

Danh hon ch /

Quyn 43

Trch hon ch /

Quyn 44 48

Nhn vt ch /

Quyn 49 - 50

Lit n ch /

Quyn 51

Phong tc ch /

Quyn 52

Vt sn ch /

Quyn 53

C tch ch /

Quyn 54

n t ch /

Quyn 55

Doanh m ch /

Quyn 56



Tin thch ch /

Quyn 57

Lnh Man ch /

Tiu dn,

Dao ng, L H, ng Liu, n H, Tp Man (q)

[H] (q) Chp v cc tc dn Dao, ng, L, Lo, n, v cc tc khc, chi tit hn Quch ch

Quyn 58

Ngoi Phin ch /

Tiu dn

Lch s quan h vi cc ni bn ngoi (r)

Lc s mt s nc v s giao lu vi 33 nc: Xim La, Ty Dng, H Lan, An Nam, Lu Cu, T Lc, Chim Thnh, Chn Lp, Qua Oa, Tam Pht T, Mn Lt Gia, T Mn p Lt, Tch Lan Sn, Kha Chi, Lu Sn Dng, i Tiu Ct Lan, Dic T B Hn, Tiu Lt Oa, Ht L M T, Lt Tt, A an, Pht Lang C, Nht Bn, L Tng, C Ma Lt, T Php Nhi, Bch Hoa, Lm Bang, Bt N, m Ba, A L, Mc Ct Thc, Thin Phng. (s)

[H] (r) t thng c n thi Minh

[H] (s) Tn gc trong nguyn vn : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

Trong c mt s nc chp k nh Xim La [hn 16 trang], An Nam [21 trang], Chim Thnh [8 trang], 13 nc ch chp mi nc



khong 2 hng.

Tn cc nc hi m Hn, tng t trong Minh S, Minh Thc Lc v Thanh S Co, ti s ch gii v i chiu tn hin nay ca cc nc ny trong mt chuyn khc.

Quyn 59 63

Ngh vn ch /

Quyn 64

Tp s ch /

Cc vic l, linh d, truyn thuyt(t)

[H] (t) Thn Nam Hi, Thn ng C [ph kho v trng ng], ng tr, Thin Hu

Tng th b cc

Chia ba phn, phn u [quyn 1- quyn 13] ly chuyn lm cng, a phng lm mc ; phn hai [quyn 14- quyn 62] ly a phng lm cng, chuyn lm mc ; phn ba [quyn 63- quyn 72] ly chuyn lm cng, a phng lm mc.

Tng th b cc

Ly chuyn lm cng, a phng lm mc.

Quy c v a danh khi dch sang Vit vn.

Cc a danh c ch Chu i km, thng gp trong bi vit ny nm trong 3 trng hp:

a danh c m vn Chu / , nh Qunh Chu, Qung Chu, Triu Chu, Cao Chu, Li Chu, Lim Chu, Khm Chu Ch Chu trong nhng a danh ny ch ni c ngun gc tng l n v hnh chnh [khu vc cai tr] cp chu thi ng Tng, sang thi Minh Thanh cc n v ny nng ln lm ph, hoc h xung lm huyn [trng hp Khm Chu], ch chu c gi lm mt thnh t trong tn ring. Trong ting Vit, i vi cc vn bn



thuc bi cnh thi Minh Thanh, cc a danh ny phi vit [l Qunh Chu ], thm hoc khng thm tn n v hnh chnh ph / huyn pha trc [ph Qunh Chu, huyn Khm Chu]. Khng vit chu Khm [c th vit tt l : huyn Khm] ; khng vit ba chu Cao, Li, Lim [ c th vit tt : ba ph Cao, Li, Lim (nhiu bn dch sai im ny)].

a danh i km tn n v hnh chnh cp chu / , nh am chu, Nhai chu, Vn chu. Trong mt s trng hp c th gi nguyn cu trc nh trong vn bn Hn, nhng phn bit, khng vit hoa ch chu ; vit theo ting Vit l chu am, chu Nhai, chu Vn. Ngy nay, n v hnh chnh chu Nhai i gi th trn Nhai Thnh, chu Vn i gi thnh ph Vn Ninh [ khng gi ch chu lm thnh t nh trng hp 1] ; Nhai chu/ chu Nhai c gi lm tn vnh bin, nn vit vnh Nhai Chu, ch chu trong chu am vn gi, l thnh ph am Chu [2 trng hp ny vit hoa ch Chu].

a danh i km vi ch chu / [c b thu, ngha : cn bi, o, i lc] nh Vi Chu, i Mo Chu y l trng hp kh phc tp, a c vit Vi chu [cn Vi], bn mi vit Vi Chu o [o Vi Chu], i Mo Chu c khi vit ng Chu, cc ghi chp ny c xu hng bin ch chu lm thnh t cho a danh [ nh cc trng hp Sa, Sn, Nham, Lnh, Phong, Thch]. Ti s tr li vn ny bng mt chuyn lun, trc mt cc a danh loi ny s linh ng theo vn cnh v hu ht gi theo cu trc nguyn vn.

Trong cc bn dch cng b trc y, v cha kp h thng t liu nn ngi vit bi ny c i ch s sut, xin c gi iu chnh gip cc sai lm nu gp phi.

Kho st v trch dch

Nhng kho st v a v trch dch cc iu lin quan n vng bin pha nam Trung Hoa sau y s cn c ch yu vo Quch ch v Hch ch.

Kho st a

Quch ch, a ton tnh t u quyn 1, a cc ph t u phn vit v mi ph, ri trong phn Qun huyn ch (t quyn 14 n quyn 62)

a ton tnh Qung ng khng c tiu (quyn 1, t 1b-2a), trc a l li dn c tiu D . Cc bc l Mai Quan v i Du Lnh , cc nam l chu Nhai thuc ph Qunh Chu , cc ng l huyn Nhiu Bnh thuc ph Triu Chu , cc ty l Phn Mao Lnh.



a ph Qunh Chu khng c tiu (quyn 57, t 1b-2a), trc a l li dn c tiu D , a th hin bn bn l bin, cc nam l Tun ty Thng Vin thuc a bn chu Nhai. Sau a l mc kinh, tc phn vn ph thuyt cho a , phn vit v chu Nhai c cu : (quyn 57, t 3b) [xem phn trch dch, di].

Hch ch, a ton tnh v cc ph, a phng v bin in chung trong quyn 3 [xem Bng 1]

Qung ng ton tnh tng / (quyn 3, t 2a-3b). Cc bc l Mai Quan v i Du Lnh , cc nam l chu Nhai thuc ph Qunh Chu , cc ng l huyn Nhiu Bnh thuc ph Triu Chu , cc ty l ct mc Phn Mao Lnh.

Qunh Chu ph cng vc (quyn 3, t 21b-22a) , thc t gc trn phi t 21b thiu [khng c] tiu Qunh Chu ph cng vc nh a cc ph khc [li bn khc], gc trn tri t 22a l hng ch / Qunh t din hon hi bt ti bt ch [Qunh, bin vng quanh bn mt, khng chp tm ni n], cc nam l Tun ty Thng Vin thuc a bn chu Nhai.

Qung ng hi phng / c thc hin trn 32 trang (16 t, t t 27b - 43a), a ny trnh by theo php lin hon, b bin thuc a phn Qung ng ni nhau theo hnh ch Nht [ ], tng b cc trn l bin di l t lin, khng nh hng. Nu a th tng i n nh nam l bin, bc l t lin [nh t Trm Giang n Nam o] th trn a s o ngc di bc trn nam, on t Trm Giang n Khm Chu bin vng ba mt, phng hng trn a c nhiu thay i. Bt u t vng bin Qunh Chu (t 27b-28a), chu Nhai c t phn trn phi t 28a [trng ging nh vo hng bc], cc nam trn thc a [cc bc trn a ] l hai ni c tiu danh Tiu ng Thin v i ng Thin, hai ni ny cng c ghi nhn trong Hi phng ch: i ng Thin l a gii chu Nhai; Tiu ng Thin l a gii chu Nhai97. [ Qun n, a hi phng ny c trnh by trn khng gian rng ri nhng tiu

97 Xem nguyn vn phn trch dch Hch ch quyn 9, quyn 13 ; Quch ch, quyn 57, mc Sn xuyn, Nhai chu, vit: v pha nam chu 20 dm l iu i Sn, trn nh c phin nh chic thuyn di hn mt trng, bn trong rng bn thc, c vt nh nht kim, hang ny gi l i Tiu ng Thin.



danh tha tht, so vi Vn l hi phng ca Trnh Nhc Tng hi 200 nm trc , a hi phng trong Hch ch c v km hn.]98

Trch dch cc iu mc lin quan,

Trch:

Hch ch, quyn 4, Cng vc ch, t 4a. Hnh thng ton tnh

[ - , , ]

Chm cu v im a danh [qua phin m]99 :

Hnh thng

Vit ng phong vc, ng nam hon hi d, ng t Mn chi Chiu An huyn gii chuyn nam du Qunh Chu, ch ty nam vi An Nam gii tc t thin l ; nhi doanh ty bc giai sn d, ty nam t An Nam ng tr gii nhiu nhi ty vi Ty Vit gii.

Dch:

Hnh thng

B ci tnh Qung ng, bin m vng pha ng nam, hng ng t a gii huyn Chiu An tnh Phc Kin chuyn sang hng nam qua ph Qunh Chu n ni a gii An Nam pha ty nam l bn ngn dm ; tip qua pha ty bc u l ni, t ch tr ng a gii An Nam vng qua pha ty nam l a gii tnh Qung Ty.

Phn tch: :

Vit ng tc Qung ng, phong vc tc cng vc/ lnh a, Mn tc Phc Kin, Ty Vit [hoc Vit Ty] tc Qung Ty. on vn ny khi qut b ci ton tnh Qung ng, v pha b bin, c tng chiu di tnh t ni gip Phc Kin vng qua o Hi Nam vo huyn Khm Chu ni gip bin gii Vit Nam khong hai ngn cy s. 98 Vn l hi phng in trong Vn l hi phng lun do Trnh Nhc Tng son v, trong thi Minh Gia Tnh (1522-1566), phn bin Qung ng 11 t (22 trang), tuy s trang t hn a Hch ch nhng tiu danh nhiu hn, nht l khu vc Qunh Chu. Xem Trnh Khai Dng tp tr 11 quyn, bn Vn Uyn Cc T kh ton th. 99 Nguyn vn hu ht cc sch phng ch m ti tham kho u khng chm cu, khng im danh t ring, nn i vi nhng on quan trng ti chm cu v im danh qua phin m, mong c gi tr gip kim tra bn dch v gp hiu chnh.



C th xy ra trng hp chm cu sai, hoc trch ngang on, ly a danh Qunh Chu lm ch ng Qunh Chu ch ty nam vi An Nam gii tc t thin l , khi ri vo trng hp ny, khng gian mt bin v hi gii s c din gii sai.

Hch ch, quyn 4, Cng vc ch, t 65b - 66b. Cng vc ph Qunh Chu.

Trch:

* [: ] ** *[: ]

[- , , ]

Chm cu:

Qunh Chu ph

Cng vc

Qunh Chu ph ch tnh thnh nht thin tht bch l, a c hi trung, qung cu bch tht thp l, mu cu bch tht thp ng l. T Li hi nht nht kh ch. Qunh vi hi c o chi bc, am c ty thu [Qun n : nguyn bn vit bu, ng]100, Nhai c nam thu, Vn c ng thu, ni bao L ng, vn sn tun bt, ngoi tp i hi, vin tip ngoi o ch quc, Qunh qun [Qun n: nguyn bn vit qun, ng m/ ngha]101 c ch vn: ngoi tp i hi, tip L, T Mt, Ct Lng 100 Nguyn vn vit Bu , do sai t b Ph ra b p, Qunh Chu ph ch vit l Thu , xt thy ng ngha, cn c ph ch i l Thu. 101 Qun v Qun ng m ng ngha, D a k thng v Gia Khnh trng tu nht thng ch u vit.



chi chu; nam tc Chn Lp, Giao Ch; ng tc Thin L Trng

thời đại mới s - tapchithoidai.org · số lượng rất hạn chế và bị mất mát...

Documents