thesis on earth architecture

7/30/2019 Thesis on Earth Architecture

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ID^PF D^JFMPIJPY^IMbbkudpmkbz mb id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb db` qkpibpmdg ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i mb

jkbpioqk~d~} zjibd~mk


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Dqq~kudg

Ybì~c~d`ydpi îzid~jf Pfizmz

U}dudzd}m Um`}d Q~dpmzpfdbz

Mb`ynfdm Qd~ilf Zjfkkg ke D~jfmpijpy~i

^dhlkp' Mb`md

Pfi ekggksmbc zpy`} mz fi~in} dqq~kui` dz j~i`mpdngi sk~l kb pfi dqq~kui` zynhijp'

jd~~mi` kyp db` q~izibpi` mb d odbbi~ zyeemjmibpg} zdpmzedjpk~} pk sd~~dbp mpz djjiqpdbji dz

d q~i~itymzmpi pk pfi ìc~ii ek~ sfmjf mp fdz niib zynomppi`"

Mp mz ybì~zpkk` pfdp n} pfmz dqq~kudg' pfi ybì~zmcbi` `kiz bkp bijizzd~mg} ib`k~zi k~

dqq~kui ke db} zpdpioibp odì' kqmbmkb ivq~izzi` k~ jkbjgyzmkb `~dsb pfi~i mb' db`

dqq~kuiz pfi zpy`} kbg} ek~ pfi dnkui qy~qkzi' db` zdpmzemiz fmo dz pk pfi ~itym~ioibpz

gdm` `ksb n} pfi pfizmz jkoomppii"

Pfizmz Pmpgi8 ID^PF D^JFMPIJPYÎ

Mbbkudpmkbz mb id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb db` qkpibpmdg ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i mb

jkbpioqk~d~} zjibd~mk

Bdoi8 Nfdum Ud`k~ Cymì8 Umzfsdbdpf Ldzfmld~

^kgg Bk8 :619 Zmcbdpy~i8

@dpi8


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Pfi `mzzi~pdpmkb mz ì`mjdpi` pk o} qd~ibpz db` pk iui~} mb`mum`ydg sfk mbzqm~i` oi' cymì` oi db`

figqi` oi mb o} ibìduky~z"


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Djlbksgi`cioibp

Mbzqm~dpmkbz db` j~mpmtyi odliz mb`mum`ydg pk `k nippi~" Ygpmodpig}' db mb`mum`ydg c~ksz pf~kycf zyjf mb`mum`ydgz"

M skyg` pk djlbksgi`ci d byoni~ ke mb`mum`ydgz sfk fdui qgd}i` d qmukpdg ~kgi mb pfi djpydgmzdpmkb ke pfmz pfizmz"

Em~zpg}' m skyg` gmli pk pfdbl o} qd~ibpz db` sfkgi edomg} ek~ zyqqk~pmbc oi pf~kycfkyp o} gmei pmgg bks' pfi} fdui cmuib oi

pfmz skbì~eyg gmei n} zyqqk~pmbc oi db` odlmbc oi db mb`mum`ydg pk zpdb` kyp db` edji iui~} `meemjygp} pfdp jkoiz dgkbc pfi

sd} ke q~kc~izz"

M do ui~} oyjf pfdbleyg pk o} cymì / Umzfsdbdpf Ldzfmld~ ek~ cym`mbc oi' q~kum`mbc oi zyeemjmibp db` pmoig} `mzjyzzmkbz

db` udgydngi mbqypz db` n~kdìbmbc o} jkbjiqpz db` mìdz dnkyp id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i"

Dgg o} qikqgi sfk figqi` oi mb kbi sd} k~ pfi kpfi~' sfk tyizpmkbi`' j~mpmjmzi` db` `mzjyzzi` edjpk~z ~igdpi` pk pfi pkqmj db`

pfi~in} j~idpi d ek~osk~l ek~ pfi `mzzi~pdpmkb" M skyg` gmli pk djlbksgi`ci bkp kbg} pfkzi sfk `m~ijpg} jkbp~mnypi` pk pfmz

`mzzi~pdpmkb' nyp dgzk pfkzi sfkzi ok~dg zyqqk~p db` jkbemìbji mb oi' sfkzi jkoqdbmkbzfmq db` `mzjyzzmkbz M fdui dgsd}z

udgyi`"

D~" Bm~du Ud`k~ db` D~" Ld~pml Nmhgdbm ek~ nimbc d cymì pf~kycfkyp' @~"Pihdg Cdh~d' @fdudg Ud`k~ db` Hmgg Ud`k~ ek~ dzlmbcoi pfkyzdb` pmoiz sfib smgg }ky jkoqgipi }ky~ pfizmz; "Bmlmpdzfd Ud`k~ ek~ djjkoqdb}mbc pk dy~kumggi db` odlmbc pfi p~mq

oiok~dngi db` figqmbc smpf pfi sk~l pfi~i"

Hmoo} ldpm~d'Zsipd Domb' L~mzfod Zfdf' ^ypuml Dcbmfkp~m'Jfdb`bm Qd~ilf'Pihdz Nfdpp'Q~dbdu Oicfdbm'Ompyg Zfdf'

@f~yudbzf Fm~dbm'^kbdl qdpig'Dblmp Oifpd db` Zm``fd~pf Jfdyfdb ek~ `mzjyzzmbc pfi sk~l' ek~ nimbc pfi~i mb fdqq} db` gks

pmoiz db` ek~ nimbc pfi nizp qi~zkbz mb o} gmei"

Dbdb` @dui' Ldbyq~m}d ^dbmsdgd' Zdyomg Oisd`d' Nfdyoml Ok`m' Q~dpml xdui~m' Z~mìum' ^kz} ek~ udgydngi mbqypz db`

`mzjyzzmkbz"

Q~dnfygdg Uk~d' Zdumpd Uk~d' Qdggdum dybp}' Zfdmgizf ybjgi' Qd~pf Domb db` pfi zfdmgum fkoi"""ek~ zyqqk~pmbc db` cmumbc

iui~} edjmgmp} pk cip d sk~lmbc ibum~kboibp"

MQZD ek~ nimbc d skbì~eyg qgdpek~o ek~ q~kum`mbc lbksgi`ci db` dgg pfi edjygpmiz' zpyìbpz' dòmbmzp~dpmkb qikqgi'

odmbpibdbji qikqgi ek~ zfd~mbc lbksgi`ci"

MQZD gmn~d~}' JIQP gmn~d~} ek~ q~kum`mbc smpf nkklz db` mbpi~bip djjizz"

Q~ke Ndlyg Hdbm' D~" @iudbc Qd~ilf' D~" Fmpizf Jfdbcigd' O~" Lm~db Udcfigd' D~" Zdpq~io Odmbm' D~" @fd~oizf Hdìhd ek~

pfim~ udgydngi mbqypz db` `mzjyzzmkbz ~igdpi` pk pfi pkqmj"

M sdz dngi pk q~kjii` mb o} pkqmj nijdyzi ke pfi udgydngi pmoi cmuib n} pfi D~jfmpijpz' ibcmbii~z' gdnky~i~z db` jkbp~djpk~z

smpf sfko m fd` `mzjyzzmkbz ~igdpi` pk o} tyizpmkbbdm~i"

Pfdblz pk ksbi~z ke id~pf nymg`mbcz mb dy~kumggi db` Lypjf sfk jk/k~`mbdpi` sigg db` figqi` pk zpy`} db` oidzy~i `~ds pfim~

~izqijpmui nymg`mbcz"

Pk ndpjf >119/pfmz jkbzmzpz ke dgg o} e~mib`z sfk fdui ivqi~mibji` d~jfmpijpy~i djdìomjz smpf oi' zfd~mbc dgg pfim~ eyb db`

lbksgi`ci db` ek~ nimbc pkcipfi~ mb d bis jmp} dsd} e~ko pfi edomg}"

M skyg` dgzk gmli pk pfdbl dgg pfkzi sfk mb zkoi sd} k~ pfi kpfi~ figqi` oi mb iui~} zpdci ke o} gmei pmgg bks db` embdgg} pk pfi

qi~zkb sfk mz ~id`mbc pfmz db` &fkqieygg} ckmbc pk ~id`- ey~pfi~" M fkqi pfi zpy`} nijkoi yzieyg db` zi~ui pfi qy~qkzi ek~

sfmjf mp mz niib ~id`"


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Jkbpibpz

Q^IEDJI 4

4" MBP^K@YJPMKB >/3

4"4 Dmo+knhijpmuiz

4"> Oipfk`kgkc}

4": Bijizzmp} ke ~izid~jf kb id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb

4"0 Zjkqi db` gmompdpmkbz

>" ID^PF JKBZP^YJPMKB PIJFBMTYIZ 6/>>

>"4 Id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i ke sk~g`

>"> Id~pf dz d nymg`mbc odpi~mdg

>": P~d`mpmkbdg id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz

>"0 Jkbpioqk~d~} id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz &mggyzp~dpi` smpf emcy~iz- >:/:>

>"0&d- Jkn

>"0&n- D`kni

>"0&j- jkoq~izzi` zpdnmgmzi` id~pf ngkjlz

>"0&`- Sdppgi db` `dyn

>"0&i- ^dooi` id~pf

:" MBBKUDPMKBZ MB ID^PF JKBZP^YJPMKB ::/5>

:"4 Mbp~k`yjpmkb

:"> Dbdg}pmjdg jfd~pz zfksmbc zkgypmkbz pf~kycf8

:">&d- Q~mod~} jdzi zpy`miz

:">&n- @izmcbmbc

:":&j- Jkbzp~yjpmkb

:"0&`- Odmbpibdbji

:"9&i- @iokgmpmkb+^iyzi


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0" JKBJGYZMKBZ 5:/50

DQQIB@MV 59/446

4" Mbpi~umisz db` `mzjyzzmkbz smpf zynhijp ivqi~pz 59/31>" Dbdg}zmz ke zkmg p}qi 34/3>:" P~d`mpmkbdg jkbzp~yjpmkb `~dsmbcz 3:/390" JZIN db` zpdnmgmxi` ~dooi` id~pf 35/=:

9" Nymgp ivdoqgiz =0/446

Depi~sk~`/pfi eypy~i 44=

Cgkzzd~} 4>1

Modci j~i`mpz 4>4

Nmngmkc~dqf} 4>>


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4

Q~iedji

Jy~~ibpg} mp mz izpmodpi` pfdp kbi fdge ke pfi sk~g`#z qkqygdpmkb' dqq~kvmodpig} pf~ii nmggmkb qikqgi kb zmv

jkbpmbibpz gmui k~ sk~l mb nymg`mbcz jkbzp~yjpi` ke id~pf" Mp mz iudgydpi` pfdp dnkyp 4"3 nmggmkb qikqgi ke pfi sk~g`z

qkqygdpmkb gmui mb id~pfib fkyziz8 Dnkyp 91 ) ke pfi qkqygdpmkb mb ìuigkqmbc jkybp~miz' db` dp gidzp >1) ke y~ndb

db` zyny~ndb qkqygdpmkbz"Db` sfmgi pfi udzp gicdj} ke p~d`mpmkbdg db` ui~bdjygd~ id~pfib jkbzp~yjpmkb fdz niib

smìg} `mzjyzzi`' gmppgi dppibpmkb fdz niib qdm` pk pfi jkbpioqk~d~} p~d`mpmkb ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i"

/ ^kbdg ^dig/Id~pf D~jfmpijpy~i

Pfmz qdqi~ mz ekjyzmbc qd~pmjygd~g} kb pfi mbbkudpmkbz `kbi mb gdzp eis }id~z mb pfi emig` ke id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pfdp

jdb gid` pk mpz nippi~ yzi dz d nymg`mbc odpi~mdg" Pfmz pfizmz ìdgz smpf id~pf dz d nymg`mbc odpi~mdg' db` q~kumìz d

zy~ui} ke dgg ke mpz dqqgmjdpmkbz db` jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz sfmgi ivqgdmbmbc mpz zqijmemj tydgmpmiz db` pfi

qkzzmnmgmpmiz ke kqpmomzmbc pfio" Mp q~kumìz pfi bis' j~idpmui yziz ke pfi kgìzp nymg`mbc odpi~mdg kb pfi qgdbip"

Odb} dzzyoi pfdp mp#z kbg} yzi` ek~ fkyzmbc mb qkk~ ~y~dg d~idznyp pfi~i d~i ivdoqgiz ke nybcdgksz' keemjiz'

dqd~poibpz db` mbzpmpypmkbz pfdp d~i odì ke id~pf" Mp#z dgzk dzzyoi` pfdp id~pf mz d e~dcmgi' iqfioi~dg odpi~mdg' sfmgi

mb ~idgmp} zkoi ke pfi kgìzp ivpdbp nymg`mbcz kb pfi qgdbip d~i odì ke id~pf" Id~pf nymg`mbcz d~i kepib pfkycfp ke dz

q~i/okì~b k~ ndjlsd~`" Smpf figq ke `mzjyzzmkbz smpf pfi zynhijp ivqi~pz' `~dsmbcz db` modciz' pfmz qdqi~

zfksjdziz pfi nidyp} db` zmoqgmjmp} ke kbi ke fyodblmb`#z okzp iukgui` db` zkqfmzpmjdpi` nymg`mbc pijfbkgkcmiz"

Oy` &sip' zkep id~pfmz d bdpy~dg odpi~mdg sfmjf depi~ ivqgk~dpmkb jdb ni yzi` hyzp pfi sd} kpfi~

jkbpioqk~d~} odpi~mdgz d~i yzi`" D qi~zkb' sfk zpd~pi` yzmbc cgdzz' skyg` bkp fdui odì d zl}zj~dqi~ dp em~zp ck"

Depi~ }id~z ke ivqi~moibpz ìzmcbi~z db` ibcmbii~z omcfp fdui yzi` mp dz zlmb ek~ zl}zj~dqi~z" Me pfi~i d~i

dùdbpdciz dnkyp d ji~pdmb odpi~mdg pfib pfi~i d~i gmompdpmkbz db` `mzdùdbpdciz pkk' pfdp jdb ni zkgui` n} zpy`miz'ivqi~moibpz db` dqqgmjdpmkb ke pfdp odpi~mdg mb `meei~ibp sd}z" Hyzp nijdyzi oy` sdz yzi` p~d`mpmkbdgg} `kizbp

oidb mp jdbbkp ni yzi` pk`d} mb jkbpioqk~d~} d~jfmpijpy~i' mp fdz ~mzib e~ko pfkzi oy` pk}z pk oy` fypz db` bks

pk mbzpmpypmkbz' nybcdgksz db` oygpm/zpk~i}z" Oy` mz bk ok~i d odpi~mdg lbksb ek~ jkbzp~yjpmkb ke lyjjfd fkyziz

"Sfmgi zf~mbldci' i~kzmkb db` oijfdbmjdg `dodci jdb deeijp id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb gmli db} kpfi~ nymg`mbc odpi~mdg'

q~iuibpdpmui oidzy~iz jdb ni pdlib ek~ mbbkudpmbc pfi odpi~mdg mpzige ~dpfi~ pfdb jkbzp~yjpmbc smpf fmcf jkzp'

moqk~pi` odpi~mdgz"

Dqqib`mv 4 mz pfi ndzmz ke ìuigkqoibp ke pfmz qdqi~" Pfi mbp~k`yjpk~} jfdqpi~ q~kumìz smpf d zfk~p zy~ui}kb pfi fmzpk~} ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i" Mb kpfi~ ekggksmbc jfdqpi~z mp ìzj~mniz pfi jkbpioqk~d~} db` eypy~i ~kgiz keid~pf dz d nymg`mbc odpi~mdg' db` gmzpz dgg ke pfi zmcbmemjdbp jfd~djpi~mzpmjz pfdp `mzpmbcymzf id~pf e~ko jkookb

mb`yzp~mdgmzi` nymg`mbc odpi~mdgz" Pfi pfizmz embdg dqqib`mjiz pmpgi` nymgp ivdoqgiz d~i id~pf nymg`mbcz e~koud~mkyz ~icmkbz ke pfi sk~g`" Pfizi jkbzp~yjpmkbz ìokbzp~dpi pfi moq~izzmui ui~zdpmgmp} ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i db`pfi odb} `meei~ibp yziz ke pfi nymg`mbc odpi~mdg id~pf"

ID^PF D^JFMPIJPYÎ/Mbbkudpmkbz mb id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb db` qkpibpmdg ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i mb jkbpioqk~d~} zjibd~mk


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>

Mbp~k`yjpmkb

Fi~i' ek~ }id~z' ek~ jibpy~miz' pfi qidzdbp fd` smzig} db` tymipg} ivqgkmpi` pfi knumkyz nymg`mbc odpi~mdg' sfmgi si' smpf ky~

okì~b zjfkkg/gid~bi` mìdz' biui~ `~idoi` ke yzmbc zyjf d gy`mj~kyz zynzpdbji dz oy` ek~ zk zi~mkyz d j~idpmkb dz d fkyzi"

Nyp sf} bkp; Ji~pdmbg}' pfi qidzdbpz fkyziz omcfp ni j~doqi`' `d~l' `m~p}' db` mbjkbuibmibp' nyp pfmz mz bk edygp ke pfi oy`n~mjl" Pfi~i sdz bkpfmbc pfdp jkyg` bkp ni qyp ~mcfp n} ckk` ìzmcb db` d n~kko"

/Fdzzdb Edpf} &4=3:8 0-

DMO

Pfi dmo mz pk zpy`} pfi p~d`mpmkbdg id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz db` id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz ke jkbpioqk~d~}

d~jfmpijpy~i' zpdpmbc q~kngioz smpf pfi pijfbmtyiz dz sf} pfi} odli id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i ybìzm~dngi ek~ q~izibp jgmibp

db` zpdpmbc zkgypmkbz e~ko pfi jdzi zpy`miz ke jkbpioqk~d~} id~pf nymg`mbcz pfdp zfks mbbkudpmkbz odì mb p~d`mpmkbdg

pijfbmtyiz db` zfks qkpibpmdgz db` qkzzmnmgmpmiz ke id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb zk pfdp pfi q~izibp odb ìzm~iz mp hyzp gmli kpfi~

jkbpioqk~d~} d~jfmpijpy~dg zp}giz db` odpi~mdgz"

KNHIJPMUIZ

Pk ybì~zpdb` mìkgkc} ke id~pf odpi~mdgz"

Pk zpy`} pfi ud~mkyz id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz"

Pk dbdg}zi pfi jkbpioqk~d~} id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i mb ~izqijp pk mpz jkbzp~yjpmkb"

Pk ~iumis pfi qkzzmngi mbbkudpmui id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb oipfk`z db` zpy`} pfi ombk~ ìpdmgz pfdp jdb figq moq~kui mpz

yzi"

Pk ~iumis pfi dqq~kq~mdpibizz ke pfi id~pf dz nymg`mbc odpi~mdg mb q~izibp zjibd~mk"

OIPFK@KGKC]

Ybì~zpdb`mbc p~d`mpmkbdg id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz&mbpi~bip' nkklz' qikqgi-

Cdpfi~mbc zijkb`d~} `dpd&mbpi~bip' nkklz' q~iumkyz pfizmz `kbi n} kpfi~z-

Q~iqd~mbc ~izid~jf tyizpmkbbdm~i

Jkb`yjpmbc mbpi~umisz smpf pfi ivqi~pz&d~jfmpijpz' jkbp~djpk~z+ibcmbii~z' zlmggi` gdnky~i~z- ke pfi zynhijp

Mìbpme}mbc q~kngioz smpf pfi ìzmcbmbc' oipfk`z' jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz db` odmbpibdbji ~igdpi` pk id~pf

d~jfmpijpy~i pf~kycf pfkzi mbpi~umisz db` ~igdpi` jdzi zpy`miz"

@kmbc jdzi zpy`miz pk ybì~zpdb` pfi jkbpioqk~d~} ivqgk~dpmkbz db` mbbkudpmkbz pk kui~jkoi pfkzi q~kngioz db`zfks qkpibpmdgz ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i"

Jkoqmgdpmkb ke `dpd' jfdqpi~ s~mpmbc db` ì~mumbc jkbjgyzmkbz



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:

BIJIZZMP] KE IZID^JF KB ID^PF JKBZP^YJPMKB

Pk cip lbksgi`ci dnkyp pfi odpi~mdg db` q~kokpi id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb

Pk j~idpi dsd~ibizz dnkyp id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb

Pk gid~b pfi qkpibpmdgz ke id~pf nymg`mbc q~kjizz &`izmcbmbc' jkbzp~yjpmkb' odmbpibdbji' `iokgmpmkb+ ~i/yzi-

ZJKQI DB@ GMOMPDPMKBZ

Jfd~p 4

Pfi~i d~i ud~mkyz dzqijpz ke id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i' nyp pfi ekjyz mb pfmz pfizmz mz pk zpy`} pfi id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb db` mbbkudpmkbz mb

mp' pk zpy`} pfi q~kngioz pfdp id~pf dz d nymg`mbc odpi~mdg fdz db` emb` pfi zkgypmkbz pf~kycf pfi ~ijibp mbbkudpmkbz mb pfi

odpi~mdg db` mpz dqqgmjdpmkbz"



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0

Id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz

Ky~ okì~b' dùdbji` zjmibpmemj omb`z zfkyg` lbks fks pk dzzizz pfi oi~mpz db` ìoi~mpz ke fmzpk~mj db` edjpydg iumìbji ke

pfi sd} qikqgi sfk fdui gmui` mb d qd~pmjygd~ zippmbc db` jgmodpi' fdui jkqi` smpf pfi q~kngioz sfmjf d~i zpmgg mbiumpdng} ky~z

pk`d}" Pk n~yzf dzmì dgg pfmz ìokbzp~dpmkb db` iumìbji dz kg`/edzfmkbi` db` pfi~iek~i yzigizz mz ivp~ioig} ekkgmzf" Fdumbc

odì ky~ dzzizzoibp si skyg` zfks ky~ziguiz jdqdngi ke d`kqpmbc pfi gizzkbz si fdui gid~bi` &bicdpmui k~ qkzmpmui' pfi} d~i

ke itydg moqk~pdbji- pk ky~ jy~~ibp gmumbc fdnmpz db` pfi jy~~ibpg} dudmgdngi nymg`mbc odpi~mdgz dp ky~ `mzqkzdg" Dgkbc smpf pfmz

si zfkyg` ~iomb` ky~ziguiz pfdp mp mz bkp dùdbjioibp k~ iuigkqoibp k~ q~kc~izz pk mb`ygci mb okì~b nymg`mbc

odpi~mdgz db` pijfbmtyiz dp p~ioib`kyz ivqibziz db` pk bk ckk` ieeijp sfib pfi~i mz bk hyzpmemjdpmkb k~ ~idzkb ek~ pfim~ yzi'

mbzpid` ke kgì~' zmoqgi~' mbivqibzmui oipfk`z"/ Gdy~mi Ndli~ &gmei' sk~l db` s~mpmbcz-' qdci >:

ID^PF D^JFMPIJPYÎ KE SK^G@

D OMGGIBBMD KG@ P^D@MPMKB@ksb pf~kycf pfi dciz' qikqgi fdui niib yzmbc ~ds id~pf ek~ nymg`mbc pfim~ gmumbc zqdjiz" Iui~} zmbcgi jkbpmbibp' db` bid~g}

iui~} jkybp~}' qkzzizziz d ~mjf fi~mpdci ke id~pfib nymg`mbcz" E~ko pfi ~kke ke pfi sk~g` mb Pmnip' k~ pfi Dbìz Okybpdmbz mb

Qi~y' pk pfi Bmgiz zfk~i mb Ic}qp k~ pfi ei~pmgi udggi}z ke Jfmbd' odb} d~i pfi ivdoqgiz ke id~pf dz d nymg`mbc odpi~mdg"

Id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz fdui niib lbksb ek~ kui~ =111 }id~z" Oy` n~mjl &d`kni- fkyziz `dpmbc e~ko 6111 pk

5111 NJ fdui niib `mzjkui~i` mb ^yzzmdb Py~lizpdb &Qyoqigg}' 4=16-" ^dooi` id~pf ekyb`dpmkbz `dpmbc e~ko jd" 9111 NJ

fdui niib`mzjkui~i` mb Dzz}~md" Id~pf sdz yzi` dz pfi nymg`mbc odpi~mdg mb dgg dbjmibp jygpy~iz' bkp kbg} ek~ fkoiz' nyp ek~

~igmcmkyz nymg`mbcz dz sigg" Udygpz mb pfi Pioqgi ke ^doziz MM dp Cky~bd' Ic}qp' nymgp e~ko oy` n~mjlz :>11 }id~z dck" Pfi

jmpdìg ke Ndo mb M~db' qd~pz ke sfmjf d~i jd" >911 }id~z kg`< d ek~pmemi` jmp} mb pfi @~dd udggi} mb Ok~kjjk' sfmjf mz d~kyb`

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zpkbiz db` n~mjlz cdui mp pfi dqqid~dbji ke d zpkbi sdgg" Pfi jk~i ke pfi Zyb Q}~dom` mb Pikpmfydjdb' Oivmjk' nymgp nipsiibpfi :11 db` =11 D@' jkbzmzpz ke dqq~kvmodpig} > omggmkb pkbz ke ~dooi` id~pf"

Pfi sk~g`z kgìzp id~pfib nymg`mbc zpmgg zpdb`mbc mz dnkyp :':11 }id~z kg`" Mb Mb`md' pfi kgìzp id~pfib nymg`mbc mz Pdnk

Okbdzpi~}' mb Zqmpm udggi} Fmodjfdg Q~dìzf" Mp sdz dgzk nymgp smpf d`kni db` fdz smpfzpkk` Fmodgd}db smbpi~z zmbji ==5D@"

4"

4" Id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb d~idz ke pfi sk~g`



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5" Pdkz qyingk' Bis Oivmjk

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12/154

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6"

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ID^PF DZ D NYMG@MBC ODPI^MDG

Id~pf jkoiz e~ko pfi `mzmbpic~dpmkb ke pfi qd~ibp ~kjl" Pfmz ~kjl `mzmbpic~dpiz mbpk ombi~dg qd~pmjgiz smpf ud~}mbc `moibzmkbz

~dbcmbc e~ko qinngiz pk jgd}i} `yzp"

Mb pfi yqqi~ gd}i~ pfizi

qd~pmjgiz d~i omvi` smpf

k~cdbmj odpi~mdg e~ko pfi

ìjkoqkzmpmkb ke pfi gmumbcSk~g`"

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jkbzp~yjpmkb"

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C^DUIGG] ID^PF ZDB@] ID^PF ZMGP] ID^PF JGD]I] ID^PF



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Bkpi8 Pfizi d~i zkoi qkmbpz ek~ pfi kui~umis ke pfi odpi~mdg' ok~i db` ìpdmgi` zpy`} ke pfi odpi~mdg db` mpz jkbzp~yjpmkb mz

q~kumì` mb jfdqpi~pf~ii db` mb pfi dqqib`mv jkbpdmbmbc `mzjyzzmkbz smpf pfi ivqi~pz' db` pf~kycf pfi jdzi zpy`miz"

Pfi qd~pz fmcfgmcfpi` mb pfi dnkui jfd~p d~i pfi odmb jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz yzi` mb jkbpioqk~d~} id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb db` d~i

zpy`mi` mb ìpdmg db` ivqgdmbi` mb pfi bivp qd~p ke jkbpioqk~d~} id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz

P^D@MPMKBDG ID^PF PIJFBMTYIZ

4> id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz

Jfd~p :



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Pfi id~pf mz `yc kyp pk j~idpi zfigpi~z" Mb okzp ke jdziz `siggmbcz d~i `yc kyp mb zkep zkmgz' pyeez' qk~kyz gdud mb d~idz

smpf fkp db` `~} jgmodpi"

Pfi fk~mxkbpdg `yc kyp j~idpi jduiz kb pfi zmì ke pfi fmggz' sfmjf d~i djjizzi` n} zpdm~jdziz db` cdggi~miz"

Pfi ui~pmjdg `yc kyp d~i j~idpi` mb d~idz zyjf dz qgdpidyz k~ qgdmbz" D lmb` ke kqib jky~p}d~` mz `yc kyp d eis oipi~z

ìiq db` pfib ~kko d~i `yc kyp gmli jduiz kb pfi zmì ke pfmz jky~p}d~`" Djjizz pk pfi `siggmbc mz `kbi n} d zpdm~jdzi'

kepib ui~} zpiiq"

Nidypmeyg ivdoqgiz d~i ekyb` mb Jfmbd' mb pfi q~kumbjiz ke Fybbdb' Zfdbvm' db` Cdbzy' sfi~i ok~i pfdb 41 omggmkb

qikqgi gmui mb fkoiz `yc kyp ke pfi gkizz gd}i~" Mb Pybmzmd pkk' kbi jdb emb` mbpi~izpmbc djfmiuioibpz"

Mb Py~li}' Jdqqd`kjmd zfks ivjiqpmkbdg j~idpmkbz sfi~i qikqgi jkonmbi` ui~pmjdg db` fk~mxkbpdg `yc kyp"

ID^PF @YC KYP

4:" 40"

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JYP ID^PF

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4=" Ny~lmbd Edzk' Tyd~~} ke Ld~m &Qfkpk J^DPi~~i+IDC->1" Mb`md' Li~dgd' Bid~ Zk~dbd` Zfdqmbc d qgmbpfmpi ngkjl>4" Mb`md' K~mzzd' Bid~ Bd~dbcd~f Jyppmbc qip~kqgmbpfmpi n} fdb`>>" Mb`md' Ckd Ndzmgmjd Nko Hizyz' ib` 45pf jibpy~}

Mb d~idz sfi~i pfi zkmg sdz jkfizmui db` jkbpdmbi` jkbj~ipmkbz ke jd~nkbdpiz &d bdpy~dg jfiomjdg sfmjf cmui

jkfizmkb- pfi zkmg sdz jyp mb pfi zfdqi ke ngkjlz db` yzi` gmli n~mjlz k~ zpkbiz" Zyjf ivdoqgiz d~i ekyb` p}qmjdgg} mb

p~kqmjdg d~idz sfi~i gdpi~mpmj zkmgz cmui d skbì~eyg nymg`mbc odpi~mdg"

Gdpi~mpmj zkmgz jdb ni ekyb` mb psk bdpy~dg zpdpiz8

/ Zkep zkmgz' sfmjf smgg fd~ìb sfib ivqkzi` pk dm~ `yi pk jfiomjdg ~idjpmkb ke pfi zkmg jkbzpmpyibp smpf pfi dm~"

Zyjf zkmgz jdb ni ekyb` kb pfi sizp jkdzp ke Mb`md' e~ko Li~dgd pk Ckd"

/ Fd~` j~yzp sfmjf sdz gkbc dck mb zkmg ek~o db` fdz dg~id`} fd~ìbi` pf~kycf pfi dciz" Ny~lmbd Edzk mb

De~mjd db` K~mzzd mb Mb`md zfks skbì~eyg ivdoqgiz ke zyjf zkmgz db` ngkjlz"

Mb d~idz sfi~i pfi zkmg mz bkp jkfizmui ibkycf' qikqgi fdui yzi` pkqzkmg db` c~dzz pk j~idpi ngkjlz sfmjf si~i zpdjli`

e~izf yqkb idjf kpfi~" Pfmz oipfk` fdz niib yzi` d gkp mb Ibcgdb`' sfi~i mp fdz niib bdoi` zk`"



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EMGGI@ MB &ID^PF NDC JKBZP^YJPMKB-

>:" >0"

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Pfmz oipfk` sdz ìuigkqi` e~ko pfi nybli~z odì n} pfi omgmpd~}"

Pfi ndzmj jkbzp~yjpmkb oipfk` nicdb n} `mccmbc d p~ibjf"

^ksz ke skuib ndcz &k~ pyniz- d~i emggi` smpf dudmgdngi mbk~cdbmj odpi~mdg"

Depi~ pfi ekyb`dpmkb mz gdm`' idjf zyjjizzmui gd}i~ smgg fdui kbi k~ ok~i zp~db`z ke nd~ni` sm~i qgdji` kb pkq"

Pfi simcfp ke pfmz id~pf/emggi` ndc qyzfiz `ksb kb pfi nd~ni` sm~i zp~db`z' gkjlmbc pfi ndc mb qgdji kb pfi ~ks nigks"

Pfi okzp qkqygd~ p}qi ke ndc mz odì ke skuib qkg}q~kq}gibi"

K~cdbmj bdpy~dg odpi~mdgz zyjf dz fioq' kpfi~ bdpy~dg/emn~i ndcz &gmli cybb} zdjlz- jdb ni yzi`"

Fyom` zkmg sdz p~d`mpmkbdgg} qky~i` mbpk skkìb gdppmji sk~lz" Pfyz' mp cdui zkoi pfi~odg odzz pk gmcfp zp~yjpy~iz dz sigg

dz zkoi djkyzpmj mbzygdpmkb"



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JKUIÎ@ ID^PF

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Zkmg fdz niib p~d`mpmkbdgg} yzi` pk jkui~ ~kkez mb `meei~ibp qd~pz ke pfi sk~g`" Mb d~m` jgmodpiz' impfi~ ui~} fkp k~ ui~}

jkg`' mp ~icygdpiz pfi mbzmì pioqi~dpy~i' `yi pk fidu} pfi~odg odzz"

Mb Zjdb`mbdumd' pfi id~pf pk jkui~ ~kkez sdz pdlib smpf c~dzz' zk dz pk fkg` pfi zkmg db` cmui jkfizmkb pk mp pf~kycf pfim~

~kkpz" Pfmz oipfk` dgzk cdui ok~i pfi~odg odzz db` dggksi` pfi mbzmì pioqi~dpy~i pk ni ok~i iuib"

Mb Bk~`mj jkybp~miz nyp dgzk mb pfi Fmodgd}dz ~icmkbz' sdpi~q~kkembc sdz `kbi gkbc dck smpf pfi nd~l ke nm~jf p~iiz"

Pfi nd~l qiigi` e~ko pfi p~ii sdz ui~} pfmb db` mp sdz dqqgmi` mb ziui~dg gd}i~z pk cip d sdpi~q~kke ieeijp"

Bksd`d}z' sdpi~q~kkembc mz `kbi smpf QUJ k~ nmpyoib zfiipz" C~iib ~kkez d~i pk`d} d okì~b ìuigkqoibp ke pfipijfbmtyi ke jkui~i` id~pf" C~iib ~kkez' dgzk lbksb dz uicipdpi` ~kke jkui~z k~ ijk/~kkez d~i oygpm/nibiemjmdg

zp~yjpy~dg jkoqkbibpz pfdp figq pk ompmcdpi pfi ieeijpz ke y~ndbmxdpmkb kb sdpi~ tydgmp} n} emgpi~mbc' dnzk~nmbc k~

ìpdmbmbc ~dmbedgg"



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P^D@MPMKBDG DOOI@ ID^PF

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^dooi` id~pf' dgzk lbksb mb E~ibjf dz qmz ì Pi~~i k~ zmoqg} qmz fdz niib yzi` zmbji dciz sk~g`smì gmli odb} kpfi~

id~pf pijfbmtyiz"

^dooi` id~pf mz db dbjmibp id~pf nymg`mbc pijfbmtyi" Mp mz ~idgg} tympi zmomgd~ pk d`kni db` jkn pijfbmtyiz' mb pfdp pfi zkmg mz

okzpg} jgd} db` zdb`}" Pfi `meei~ibji mz pfdp pfi odpi~mdg mz jkoq~izzi` k~ pdoqi` mbpk qgdji' yzydgg} smpf ek~oz pfdp j~idpi

ui~} egdp ui~pmjdg zy~edjiz"

Pfi id~pf mz omvi` pfk~kycfg} smpf sdpi~ pk cip d fkokcibikyz fyom` omv" Pfmz fyom` id~pf mz qky~i` mb d ek~o mb pfmb

gd}i~z db` pfib ~dooi` pk mbj~idzi mpz ìbzmp}" Pfi mbj~idzi ke ìbzmp} mbj~idziz pfi jkoq~izzmui zp~ibcpf db` pfi sdpi~

~izmzpdbji"

^doombc sdz p~d`mpmkbdgg} `kbi n} fdb`"

Pfi sk~g`smì p~d`mpmkb ke ~dooi` id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb fdz zfksb pfdp mp mz qkzzmngi pk djfmiui gkbc gdzpmbc db` odhizpmj

nymg`mbcz e~ko zmbcgi pk oygpm zpk~i}" Skbì~eyg fi~mpdci jdb ni ekyb` mb jkybp~miz zyjf dz E~dbji' Zqdmb' Ok~kjjk' Jfmbd'

db` dgg kui~ pfi Fmodgd}db d~id" Kbi jdb zii byoi~kyz db` skbì~eyg ivdoqgiz smpf dgg lmb`z ke nymg`mbcz8

Ed~oz' k~ ~y~dg fkyziz' jfdpidyv db` dqd~poibpz mb Iy~kqi

Ibpm~i umggdciz mb Bk~pf De~mjd

Qd~pz ke pfi c~idp sdgg ke Jfmbd

Nymg`mbcz mb okzp ke pfi Fmodgd}db ~icmkbz ke Pmnip' Nfypdb' Biqdg' Gd`dlf

Smìzq~id` ivdoqgiz mb Zkypf Doi~mjd



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:9" :5"

:3" :6"

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Zkmg m`ibpmemjdpmkb

Lbksmbc pfdp pfi nizp zkmg ek~ ~dooi` id~pf mz q~iei~dng} zdb`} k~ c~duig} ~dpfi~ pfdb jgd}i}' kbi zfkyg` pdli d gkp ke

jd~i dnkyp pfi jgd} jkbpibp"

Sk~g`sm`i' pfi zlmgg db` lbksgi`ci ke qikqgi fdz gi` pfio pk jfkkzi ~dooi` id~pf sfib pfi zkmg sdz ok~i zdb`} k~

c~duig}" Sfib pfi gkjdg zkmg sdz ok~i zmgp} k~ jgd}i} pfi} jfkzi kpfi~ pijfbmtyiz gmli D`kni' Jkn k~ Sdppgi db` @dyn"



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ZFDQI@ ID^PF

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@m~ijp zfdqmbc odliz yzi ke qgdzpmj id~pf db` `kiz bkp ~itym~i d okyg` k~ ek~osk~l"

Qgdzpmj id~pf mz zfdqi`' dz d qkppi~ skyg` `k mp"

Pfi tydgmp} ke pfi zkmg' mpz q~iqd~dpmkb db` pfi sdpi~ jkbzmzpibj} d~i moqk~pdbp pk ni lbksb"

Pfmz pijfbmtyi q~izibpz pfi d`udbpdci pk yzi ombmodg db` ui~} zmoqgi pkkgz' db` pk yzi d ombmoyo ke gdnky~ sfmjf mz

bijizzd~mg} zlmggi`" Pfmz pijfbmtyi dggksz ui~} egym` d~jfmpijpy~i smpf d c~idp ud~mip}"

Pfi gmompdpmkb ke pfmz pijfbmtyi mz okzpg} pfi lbks/fks ek~ pfi zkmg tydgmp} db` jkbp~kggmbc pfi zf~mbldci sfib pfi

sdgg `~miz" Pfmz pijfbmtyi fdz niib db` mz zpmgg yzi` d gkp mb De~mjd' mb pfi Zdfig dz sigg dz mb itydpk~mdg ~icmkbz" Nidypmeyg

ivdoqgiz jdb ni ziib mb Jdoi~kkb sfi~i zfdqi` id~pf fdz niib yzi` ek~ fkyziz db` c~dbd~miz"

Bdpy~dg zpdnmgmzi~z fdui niib yzi p~d`mpmkbdgg} mb jkybp~miz gmli Bmci~md db` Cfdbd"

Pfi} impfi~ yzi` pfi hymji ke qgdbpz db` uicipdngiz k~ nkmgi` zii`z pk q~iqd~i bdpy~dg cgyiz sfmjf si~i d``i` pk pfi

zkmg"



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ZPDJLI@ ID^PF &JKN- Jkn jkbzp~yjpmkb yziz zdb`' jgd} db` zp~ds" Igkbcdpi` iccz d~i od`i ke pfmz omv db` zpdjli` gd}i~ smzi" Omvi` sigg pfmz

zqijmdg oy` mz dqqgmi` pk pfi ekyb`dpmkb mb jkbpmbymbc gd}i~z" Idjf gd}i~ oyzp `~} zk pfdp mp jdb zyqqk~p pfi bivp' db` pfi

sdgg mz pdqi~i` mb dz }ky nymg` yq" Sfib mp mz `~}' pfi sdggz d~i ui~} fd~` db` gkd` nid~mbc" Pfi ~kke mz nymgp `m~ijpg} kb pk

pfi sdggz' dz pfi sdggz pfioziguiz d~i pfi zyqqk~p zp~yjpy~i"

Pfmz pijfbmtyi fdz niib yzi` d gkp gkbc dck mb Iy~kqi' sfi~i mp sdz bdoi` jkn mb Ibcgdb` db` ndyci mb E~dbji"

Pfmz pijfbmtyi mz zpmgg yzi` d gkp mb De~mjd' Mb`md db` mb Zdy`m D~dnmd' sfi~i nidypmeyg ivdoqgiz jdb ni ziib"

Pfi okzp nidypmeyg ivdoqgiz d~i ibjkybpi~i` mb ]ioib smpf Zfmndo" Pfmz kg` fmzpk~mj jdqmpdg ke Zkypfi~b ]ioib fdz niibbdoi` Pfi Odbfdppdb ke pfi @izi~p"

00" 09"

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06" 0="

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D@KNI

Zyb `~mi` jgd} n~mjl' bdoi` D`kni' mz yb`kynpi`g} kbi ke pfi kgìzp nymg`mbc odpi~mdgz yzi` n} odblmb`8 Pfi kgìzp

mìbpmemi` d`kniz si~i q~k`yji` d~kyb` ='111 NJ dp@hd@i Ig Oycfd~d mb Z}~md"

D`kniz d~i odì ke pfmjl odggidngi oy`' kepib d`ì` smpf zp~ds" Depi~ nimbc jdzp pfi} d~i giep pk `~} ybì~ zyb" Pfi} d~i

p~d`mpmkbdgg} impfi~ fdb` zfdqi` k~ zfdqi` mb qd~dggig qmqi` skkìb okyg`z"

Pfmz pijfbmtyi fdz niib yzi` dgg kui~ pfi sk~g` zmbji oiok~mdg pmoiz' dz jdb niib ziib kb ud~mkyz fmi~kcg}qfz db` Ic}qpmdb

zj~mqpy~iz" Pfi kgìzp zdoqgiz lbksb si~i ekyb` kb pfi zmpi ke Hi~mjfk' mb pfi Hk~`db Udggi}' mb Oizkqkpdomd" Pfi} `dpi e~ko d~kyb`

6111 NJ db` pfi} si~i fdb` zfdqi`" Pfi} gkkli` gmli db igkbcdpi` gkde" Embci~q~mbpz ke pfi j~depzoib sfk `m` pfio d~i

zpmgg umzmngi kb zkoi ke pfio"

Mb Qi~y pfi fdb` zfdqi` d`kniz si~i gkbc dck jkbmjdg" Mb pfi Om``gi Idzp pfi} si~i dp d pmoi fiomzqfi~mjdg db`fyoqndjli`" Mb Mb`md pfi d~jfdikgkcmjdg zmpi ke Jfmp~d`y~cd mb Ld~bdpdld zpdpi zfksz dgzk fdb` zfdqi` d`kni ke pfi 49pf

jibpy~}" Pfi} si~i gmli tyd`~dbcygd~ gkdez"

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D`kni q~k`yjpmkb fdz niib mb`yzp~mdgmzi` mb Sizpi~b YZD" Ziui~dg zpdpiz mb YZD fdui jk`memi` d`kni odlmbc db` mpz

jkbzp~yjpmkb"



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IVP^Y@I@ ID^PF

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90"

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Pfi id~pf ivp~yzmkb pijfbmtyi fdz niib yzi` zmbji d gkbc sfmgi mb pfi em~i` n~mjl mb`yzp~}" Zpdnmgmzi` id~pf' dp d qgdzpmj

zpdpi' mz dz sigg ivp~yì` pf~kycf d odjfmbi sfmjf cmuiz pfi ìzm~i` zfdqi"

Pfi ngkjlz d~i kepib fkggks db` d~i jyp pk pfi ìzm~i` gibcpf" Pfmz pijfbmtyi ke zpdnmgmzi` ivp~yì` id~pf sdz ìuigkqi`

mb pfi >1pf jibpy~}"

Jkoqd~i` pk pfi n~mjl ivp~yzmkb mb pfi em~i` n~mjl mb`yzp~}' zpdnmgmzi` ivp~yì` id~pf n~mjlz zfks d odhk~ mbjkbuibmibp8pfi zkmg ~itym~i` ek~ zpdnmgmzi` id~pf mz oyjf zdb`mi~ pfdb pfi kbi ek~ em~i` id~pf" Pfyz pfi zkmg mz ok~i dn~dzmui db` pfi

odjfmbiz cip `dodci` dp d oyjf edzpi~ ~dpi"



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4=

SDPPGI DB@ @DYN

99" 95"

93" 96"

99" P~d`mpmkbdg sdppgi db` `dyn95" Zkodgmd' Cibdgi / Umggdci fypz93" E~dbji' Dgzdji Fkyzi96" E~dbji' N~izzi' Zdmbp P~mumi~z `i Jky~p / Ed~o fkyzi

Sdppgi db` `dyn oipfk` mz db kg` db` jkookb oipfk` ke nymg`mbc oy` zp~yjpy~iz" Pfi~i ndonkk db` jdbi e~doi zp~yjpy~i zyqqk~p pfi ~kke" Oy` mz qgdzpi~i` kui~ pfmz oizf ke ndonkk jdbi db` zp~dsz" @yi pk ivjizzmui ~dmbedgg pfi sdppgi db` `dyn zp~yjpy~iz cipz sdzfi` kee"

Fksiui~' pfi oizf ke jdbi k~ zqgmp ndonkk ~iodmbz mbpdjp db` depi~ pfi fidu} ~dmb mz kui~ pfi oy` mz qgdzpi~i` kb

dcdmb"



26/154

>1

EKÔI@ ID^PF &Zp~ds Jgd}-

9=" 51"

54" 5>"

9=" Ci~odb}' Fizzib' C~kzz Ci~dy &Qfkpk E" Ukgfd~`-51" Nigcmyo' Giyuib &Qfkpk F" Fkynib-54" Ci~odb}' @d~ozpd`p &Qfkpk E" Ukgfd~`-5>" Ci~odb}' @d~ozpd`p &Qfkpk E" Ukgfd~`-

Ui~} jgd}i} zkmg' mb d gmtym` zpdpi' mz qky~i` kb zp~ds' sfmjf fdz niib jfkqqi` pk pfi ìzm~i` gibcpf"

Pfi omv mz cibi~dgg} pdoqi~i` depi~sd~`z mbpk ek~oz" Pfizi sdggz d~i bkp gkd`/nid~mbc8 pfi} d~i gmcfp' fdui d ui~} fmcf

pfi~odg mbzygdpmkb udgyi db` oyzp ni nymgp mb d skkìb zp~yjpy~i"

Mp sdz p~d`mpmkbdgg} yzi` mb Ci~odb} db` sdz ~i/yzi` ek~ ~ijkbzp~yjpmkb depi~ pfi >b` sk~g` sd~" Mp mz okzpg} lbksb smpf

pfi bdoi Zp~ds jgd}"

Zp~ds jgd} jdb ni yzi` dz d emggi~ sdgg' ek~oi` nipsiib d skkìb zp~yjpy~i k~ dz q~iedn~mjdpi` ngkjlz"



27/154

>4

QKY^I@ ID^PF

Jky~piz} J^DPi~~i /IDC

Jfd~p 0

Pfi zkmg' mb d gmtym` zpdpi' mz qky~i` gmli jkbj~ipi mbpk ek~osk~lz" Pfi zkmg jfd~djpi~mzpmjz oyzp ni ui~} zdb`} k~ c~duig}

db` zfkyg` ni zpdnmgmzi`"

Pfmz pijfbmtyi mz d bis `iuigkqoibp db` mz ui~} zig`ko yzi`" Pfi ~idzkb mz pfdp pfi fmcf sdpi~ jkbpibp ke pfi zkmg smgg

mb`yji d gkp ke zf~mbldci sfib mp smgg `~}" Pfyz pfi sdgg smgg j~djl"

Pfi ekggksmbc jfd~p zfksz fks ngkjlz d~i jyp depi~ pfi id~pf mz qky~i` mb d ngkjli` ek~osk~lz"

Dgzk' `m~ijpg} pfi ek~osk~l mz d~~dbci` kb pfi sdgg pf~kycf ui~pmjdg ndonkk zyqqk~pz db` pfib gmtym` id~pf mz qky~i`

mbpk pfi ek~osk~lz"



28/154

>>

PIÔMPI SKB@I^Z

5:" 50"

59" 55"

5:" Mb`md' Dy~kumggi / Pi~ompi fmgg

50" Mb`md' Dy~kumggi / Pi~ompi bizp59" Mb`md' Dy~kumggi / Pi~ompi bizp55" Ny~lmbd Edzk' Pkyzzmdbd / Pi~ompi fmgg

Pi~ompiz jdb ni jkbzmì~i` dz pfi nizp id~pf nymgì~z" Nymg`mbc smpf id~pf mz mbfi~ibp pk pfim~ bdpy~i" Pi~ompiz zpdnmgmzi

pfi zkmg smpf pfim~ zdgmud" Pfi gdppi~ mz zpmjl}' dz mp mz mzzyi` ek~ pfi `mcizpmkb ke jiggygkzi' db` mp nmb`z pfi c~dmbz ke zkmg"

Pfmz dggksz pfio pk nymg` zyjf skbì~z" Pi~ompiz jdb dgzk ni jkbzmì~i` dz pfi nizp dm~ jkb`mpmkbi~z" Pfim~ fmggz d~i

oidbp pk ~icygdpi pioqi~dpy~i db` okmzpy~i' mb k~ì~ pk dggks pfio pk gmui"

Jkbzp~yjpi` kyp ke gkjdg `m~p' zpmjlz' db` zkoipmoiz iuib edjiz' pfim~ zdgmud mz yzi` pk ek~o pfi nkb`mbc dcibp" Pfi

mbpi~mk~ ke pfi okyb` mbjgyìz d zi~miz ke pybbigz db` jfdoni~z smpf pfi bizp gkjdpi` dp pfi nkppko" Ud~mkyz kqibmbcz

db` qdzzdcisd}z d~i jgiui~g} qgdji` pf~kycfkyp pk dzzmzp mb jdqpy~mbc db` `~dsmbc mb jkkg dm~ sfmgi qyzfmbc sd~o dm~yq db` kyp ke pfi okyb`" N} yzmbc pfmz jd~ieyg gd}kyp' pfi pi~ompiz jdb ~icygdpi pfi pioqi~dpy~i pf~kycf ngkjlmbc k~

kqibmbc qdzzdcisd}z smpfmb pfi okyb` pk jkbp~kg pfi pioqi~dpy~i pk pfim~ bii`z"

/ Gdy~d Zjfygpx



29/154

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JKBPIOQK^D^] ID^PF JKBZP^YJPMKB PIJFBMTYIZ

Pfi pijfbmtyiz oibpmkbi` pmgg bks mbjgy`i` kui~dgg dgg pfi pijfbmtyiz ke id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb db` si~i ivqgdmbi` n~mieg}"

Bksd`d}z kyp ke dgg pfkzi pijfbmtyiz kbg} eis ke pfio d~i yzi` smpf pfim~ mbbkudpmui dqqgmjdpmkbz db` odbyedjpy~mbc"

jfd~p 9

Jkn

D`kni

Sdppgi db` `dyn

Jkoq~izzi` zpdnmgmzi` id~pf ngkjlz&~iei~ dqqib`mv' qd~p :-

^dooi` id~pf



30/154

>0

JKN

53" 56" 5="

31" 34" 3>"

3:" 30" 39"

53" Ek~ombc zpmee oy` db` okyg`z56" Zpdjlmbc pfi okyg`z5=" Giuiggmbc db` p~moombc depi~ iui~} zpdci pk q~iuibp Ybgiuiggi` sdggz e~ko nymg`mbc yq db` `~}mbc kyp31" Zokkpfibmbc pfi zmìz34" D~~dbcioibp ke zfyppi~mbc ek~ kqibmbcz3>" Gd}i~mbc pfi jkn zp~mqz3:" Qgdzpi~mbc pfi jkn sdgg30" Pfdpjf ~kke jkn fkyzi39" Egdp ~kke jkn fkyzi

Smpf kbg} d gmppgi sdpi~ pk ek~o d ui~} zpmee oy`' d gd~ci Gyoq mz ~kycfg} okygì` mbpk pfi zfdqi ke d fyci igkbcdpi`

icc"

Pfi yzydg zmxi mz db}pfmbc nipsiib 4> pk 46/mbjfiz' &:1 pk 01 jo- gkbc db` dnkyp 5 mbjfiz &49 jo- mb `mdoipi~"

D ~ks ke pfizi jknz ke oy` d~i gdm` bidpg} zmì n} zmì' q~iei~dng} zkoisfdp q~izzi` pkcipfi~" Pfib dbkpfi~ ~ks ke jknz

mz gdm` kb pkq"

Sfib pf~ii k~ eky~ jky~ziz fdui niib gdm`' kbi dnkui pfi kpfi~' pfi zmìz d~i zokkpfibi` kui~ zk pfdp pfi fkgiz db`

j~djlz `mzdqqid~"

Kqibmbcz ek~ `kk~z db` smb`ksz d~i d q~kngio' sfmjf jdb ni zkgui` n} yzmbc pioqk~d~} ui~pmjdg qgdblz k~ zfyppi~mbc"

Dbkpfi~ ui~} zmoqgi zfyppi~mbc ek~ kqibmbcz mz pk yzi ioqp} li~kzibi pmbz"



31/154

>9

D`kniz d~i odì ke pfmjl odggidngi oy`' kepib d`ì` smpf zp~ds"35" Zpio sdgg kb pkq ke ekyb`dpmkb33" Dbjfk~mbc pfi smb`ks e~doiz db` `kk~ e~doiz pk c~kyb` n} skkìb gkcz"36" ^kke gkcz dppdjfi` pk jkn sdggz pf~kycf skkìb ~depi~z3=" Pfdpjfi` ~kke ìpdmg

35" 33"

36" 3="

Sfmgi mb pfi jdzi ke id~pf ngkjl sk~l' `~} igioibpz d~i nymgp yq smpf ok~pd~ hkmbpz' bk ok~pd~ mz yzi` smpf sip gkdo sk~l"

Qgdzpmj gkdo mz nkyb` zmoqg} n} ~doombc' nidpmbc' q~izzmbc k~ pf~ksmbc"

Zkoi ìpdmgmbc ke jkn jkbzp~yjpmkb mz ivqgdmbi` nigks"

Zpkbi zip kb sip jkbj~ipi pk nkb` pfi jknz nippi~ e~ko pfi ndzi"

Pkq ke pfi zpio sdgg mz m~~icygd~ pk q~kumì pkkpf ek~ jkn"

Pk q~iuibp gmepmbc mb zp~kbc smb`z' dbjfk~mbc ~kke pk pfi jkn sdggz n} skkìb ~depi~z smpf cdgudbmxi` sm~i pk pfi sdgg"



32/154

>5

P]QMJDG JKN SDGG ZIJPMKB @IPDMG

61"

D@KNI

61" P}qmjdg q~kemgi ke pfi igioibpz odlmbc yq d jkn db` pfdpjf

nymg`mbc"&mggyzp~dpmkb e~konymg`mbc smpf jkn8 d zpiq n} zpiq cym`i' n} D`do

Simzodbb db` Ldp} N~}ji' c~iib nkklz



33/154

>3

D@KNI

D`kniz d~i odì impfi~ n} emggmbc okyg`z smpf d qdzp} gkdo omvpy~i k~ n} pf~ksmbc okmzp gyoqz ke id~pf mbpk pfio"

Depi~ nimbc jdzp pfi} d~i giep pk `~} ybì~ zyb" Pfi} d~i p~d`mpmkbdgg} impfi~ fdb` zfdqi` k~ zfdqi` mb qd~dggig qmqi`

skkìb okyg`z"

@meei~ibp p}qiz ke okyg`z jdb ni yzi`< zkoi ke pfizi d~i zfksb nigks"

Pfi} d~i yzydgg} odì e~ko pmoni~" Pfi pf~ksmbc pijfbmtyi mz jkookbg} yzi` mb dgg ìuigkqmbc jkybp~miz"

Fi~i' d zdb`} gkdo mz omvi` smpf sdpi~' db` jyp zp~ds mz yzydgg} d`ì` db` pfi sfkgi ek~oi` mbpk d qdzpi pfdp mz pf~ksbmbpk skkìb okyg`z"

Pfi c~idpi~ pfi ek~ji smpf sfmjf pfi gkdo mz pf~ksb' pfi nippi~ mpz jkoqdjpmkb db` `~} zp~ibcpf" Pfi zy~edji mz zokkpfi`

n} fdb` k~ n} d pmoni~ qmiji' p~ksig k~ sm~i"

Kbi qi~zkb jdb q~k`yji dnkyp :11 ngkjlz qi~ `d} &mbjgy`mbc q~iqd~dpmkb ke omv' p~dbzqk~pdpmkb db` zpdjlmbc"

Pfi `mzdùdbpdci mz pfdp pfi ngkjlz d~i yzydgg} zpdnmgmzi` smpf 0) pk 6) jioibp jkbpibp mb k~ì~ pk ib`ks pfio smpf

zyeemjmibp zp~ibcpf"

Pfmz mz bijizzd~} nijdyzi ke pfi dnzibji ke impfi~ zyeemjmibp sdpi~ k~ dìtydpi `}bdomj moqdjp jdqdngi ke zmcbmemjdbpg}

djpmudpmbc pfi nmb`mbc ek~jiz ke pfi jgd} ombi~dgz" Smpfkyp jioibp' q~izzi` ngkjlz yzydgg} fdui `~} d jkoq~izzmui

zp~ibcpf gksi~ pfdb pfdp ke fdbòdì d`kniz"

Dbkpfi~ `mzdùdbpdci ke zyjf q~izziz mz pfdp pfi zkmg omv oyzp ni liqp dp d jkbzpdbp giuig ke okmzpy~i db` jkoqkzmpmkb"

Me jkoqkzmpmkbz ud~}' pfib nkpf pfi ukgyoi ke pfi odpi~mdg pk ni emggi` db` pfi q~izzy~i jfdbciz"

Pfmz gid`z pk ud~mdpmkbz mb pfi fimcfpz db` zp~ibcpfz ke pfi ngkjlz"

Eygg} dypkodpmj ngkjl/odlmbc q~izzizjdb q~k`yji 4911 pk 0111 ngkjlz `dmg}" Fksiui~' pfi} ~itym~i gd~ci mbuizpoibpz

db` od} ni `meemjygp pk odmbpdmb' izqijmdgg} mb ìuigkqmbc jkybp~miz"

Pk dzzy~i iuib gkdo jkbzmzpibjmiz' zyjf odjfmbiz kepib ~itym~i ziqd~dpi j~yzfi~z db` omvi~z"

Eygg} dypkodpmj q~izziz d~i kbg} ijkbkomjdg me pfi} fdui gkbc gmuiz' d~i ypmgmzi` ivpibzmuig} kb d `dmg} ndzmz' db` me ~ds

odpi~mdg ke iuib jkbzmzpibj} mz dudmgdngi gkjdgg} db` mb zyeemjmibp tydbpmpmiz"

64"


64" Pmoni~ okyg`z ek~ d`kniz6>" Qky~mbc id~pf omv mbpk pfi odbydgg}

kqi~dpi` q~izz6:" Jkoqdjpmbc pfi omv60" Pdlmbc kyp ngkjl e~ko pfi q~izz69" JMBUD q~izz65/66 Odlmbc d`kniz mb Ijyd`k~

6=" îokudg ke zy~qgyz Gkdo smpf d sm~i


34/154

>6

6>" 6:"

60" 69"

65" 63"

66" 6="



35/154

>=

SDPPGI DB@ @DYN

Pfmz p}qi ke sdppgi db` `dyn mz d ok~i okì~b ui~zmkb ke p~d`mpmkbdg sdppgi db` `dyn db` mz pfi okzp smìg} yzi`"

Mp fdz zijpmkbz ke jdbi k~ ndonkk qkgiz emvi` smpf sm~iz db` bdmgz pk d zdsi` skkìb zp~yjpy~i sfmjf ibdngiz d nippi~

embmzfi` dzziong}" Id~pf omv mz dqqgmi` kb pfmz dzziong} db` pfib embmzfiz d~i dqqgmi` pk pfi sdgg zy~edjiz"

Pfi q~iedn~mjdpi` qdbig mz d zdsi` skkìb e~doi' emggi` smpf mbpi~skuib jdbi k~ ndonkk ndppibz' mbzi~pi` mb zyjf d sd}

pfdp pfi} d~i zige/dbjfk~mbc" Depi~ nimbc dzziongi` pfizi qdbigz d~i sdggz sfmjf smgg ni qgdzpi~i` smpf id~pf db` zp~ds

ok~pd~ smpf db mbmpmdg gd}i~ db` pfib d pfmb embmzfmbc gd}i~" Pfi dùdbpdci ke q~iedn~mjdpi` qdbigz mz pfdp pfi} ibdngi pfiqdbigz db` pfi zp~yjpy~i pfdp smgg jd~~} pfio mb pfi sdgg pk ni odì dp pfi zdoi pmoi' pfyz ~i`yjmbc dzziong} pmoi"

=1" =4"

=>" =:"

64" Jk~bi~ hybjpmkbz6>" @ipdmg zp~yjpy~i ke pfi sdgg6:" @ipdmg ke jdbi edzpibmbc60" Igiudpmkb ke pfi sdgg



36/154

:1

Zpiq n} zpiq jkbzp~yjpmkb

=0" =9" =5"

=3" =6" =="

411" 414" 41>"

DKNI

=0" P k zip pfi jkgyobz yzi d qgyon pk odli zy~i pfi} d~i ui~pmjdg' fkg` pfio pioqk~d~mg} smpf n~djiz"

=9" Dgsd}z jyp jdbi depi~ lbkpz"=5" Pfi qkgiz d~i edzpibi` smpf d egivmngi odpi~mdg' zyjf dz cdgudbmzi` sm~i k~ p~idpi` qgdbp emn~i=3" Depi~ ìembmbc pfi qkzmpmkb ke pfi ui~pmjdg qkgiz emv pfio" Me }ky yzi fkggks jkbj~ipi ngkjlz pfizi jdb ni pdlib dùdbpdci ke"=6" @ipdmg ke jkbbijpmkb nipsiib pfi jk~bi~ jkgyob db` pfi fk~mxkbpdg jdbiz"==" Depi~ hyzpdggmbc dgg pfi ui~pmjdg qkgiz' db` niek~i emvmbc pfi fk~mxkbpdg kbiz' pfi edzpibi~z zfkyg` ni emvi`"411"@ipdmg ke hkmb nipsiib ui~pmjdg db` fk~mxkbpdg qkgiz414"Depi~ emppmbc pfi fk~mxkbpdg qkgiz dp d fimcfp ke yq pk 91 jo mp mz dùmzdngi pk em~zp emgg pfi jkgyobz smpf sdppgi db` `dyn

ok~pd~ ekggksi` n} pfi sdggz" Pfi ziqd~dpmkb nipsiib pfi fk~mxkbpdg nd~z zfkyg` ni nipsiib 5jo db` 6jo"

41>"@ipdmg ke jkui~mbc ke m~kb ~mbc &`mdoipi~ 4+0.-' smpf jkbj~ipi ok~pd~ pk odli pfi jkgyob ~mcm`"



37/154

:4

41:" 410" 419"

415" 413" 416"

^DOOI@ ID^PF

Depi~ nimbc ivjdudpi`' pfi zkmg mz pfk~kycfg} zmiui`' pk n~idl pfi gyoqz db` odli mp gmcfpi~" Nmc ~kjlz zfkyg` ni ~iokui`

nyp zkoi zpkbiz jkyg` ni liqp" Me pfi bdpy~dg zkmg mz pkk `~}' mp zfkyg` okmzpibi` db` omvi` zk dz pk cip d ybmek~o fyom`

omv"

Pfmz oipfk` fdz ìuigkqi` e~ko pfi jkn sdgg zk dz pk zpdb`d~`mxi k~ ~icygd~mxi pfi pfmjlbizz ke pfi sdgg"

Mp mz dgzk db dppioqp pk mbj~idzi pfi zp~ibcpf ke pfi sdgg n} ~doombc mp"

Psk qd~dggig qgdblz d~i fig` em~og} dqd~p n} oipdg ~k`z db` jgmqz k~ nkgpz' k~ n} zodgg j~kzzqmijiz ke skk`"

Zpmee oy` mz pf~ksb mb nipsiib pfizi psk qgdblz db` ~dooi` `ksb smpf impfi~ d skkìb k~ oipdg ~do~k`"

Sfib kbi zijpmkb mz jkoqgipi` db` fd~`' pfi psk nkd~`z d~i okui` dgkbc db` pfi q~kjizz mz ~iqidpi`"

Pfi psk qgdblz d~i pfib ~dmzi` yq db` d zijkb` jky~zi ke ~dooi` id~pf mz ~iqidpi` kui~ pfi em~zp"

Psk pijfbmtyiz fdui p~d`mpmkbdgg} niib ìuigkqi`" Pfi} yzi` impfi~ fk~mxkbpdg k~ ui~pmjdg ek~osk~lz"

Pfi fk~mxkbpdg pijfbmtyi sdz yzi` mb odb} qd~pz ke pfi sk~g`" Zp~mqz ke sdggz si~i nymgp fk~mxkbpdgg} db` pfim~ fimcfp

ud~mi` e~ko :1 pk =1 jo"

Pfi ek~osk~l jkbzmzpi` ke > skkìb qdbigz fig` pkcipfi~ smpf skkìb jgdoqz db` li}z' sfmjf si~i pmcfpibi` smpf

~kqiz" Kbji kbi qk~pmkb ke d sdgg sdz jkoqgipi`' pfi ek~osk~l mz mooi`mdpig} `mzodbpgi` db` okui` ey~pfi~ dgkbc"

Fyom` zkmg sdz iuibg} qky~i` mbpk pfi ek~osk~l pk cip d ~icygd~ jky~zi ke dnkyp 4>/49 jo pfmjlbizz" ^doombc sdz

p~d`mpmkbdgg} `kbi n} fdb`"

Pfi zkmg mz em~zp ~dooi` dgkbc pfi zmìz ke pfi qdbigz db` pfi jibp~dg qk~pmkb ke pfi sdgg mz ~dooi` mooi`mdpig} depi~

pfdp"

Iui~} jky~zi mz ~dooi` pmgg pfi ~dooi~ fmppmbc pfi zkmg cmuiz d jgid~ zfd~q zkyb` db` pfi ~dooi~ mz bkp `kmbc db}ok~iod~lz kb pfi jky~zi"

Ybzpdnmgmzi` zkmg mz jkbjibp~dpi` fk~mxkbpdgg}' db` dgmcboibp mz e~ko gd}i~ pk gd}i~ ke sdgg" Zpdnmgmxi` zkmg mz jkbjibp~dpi` ui~pmjdgg}' db` dgmcboibp mz nipsiib ek~oz"

Kqibmbcz ek~ `kk~z db` smb`ksz smpfmb pfi sdgg d~i j~idpi` smpf ngkjl kypz"

Jk~bi~z d~i odì zp~kbci~ me j~idpi` dz kbi qmiji dz kqqkzi` pk zkgig} fdumbc d hkmbp nipsiib psk"

Pfi zqijmemj jkbzp~yjpmkb ke ~dooi` id~pf jkbzmzpz ke gmepz k~ gd}i~z ke id~pf qky~i` mbpk ek~osk~l dp d ìqpf ke imcfp

mbjfiz db` pfib jkoqdjpi` pk emui mbjfiz" Pfmz j~idpiz d zp~mdpi` id~pfib sdgg"

Depi~ pfi sdgg jkoqgipig} ckiz yq db` mz jy~i` &psibp} imcfp pk emep}/zmv `d} qi~mk`- db} emvpy~iz od} ni d`ì`" Pfi ~kke

mz pmi` mbpk pfi sdgg' db` smb`ks db` `kk~e~doiz d~i d`ì`" Emvmbcz d~i ny~mi` ìiq smpfmb pfi sdgg pk ~ipdmb zp~yjpy~dg

mbpic~mp}" Mb d``mpmkb' ypmgmpmiz db` z}zpioz' ìpi~ombi` niek~i jkbzp~yjpmkb' od} qdzz smpfmb pfi sdgg pk d ji~pdmb ìc~ii"

Pfi embdg qd~p ke pfi jkbzp~yjpmkb q~kjizz mz pk dqqg} d sdgg embmzf' me ìzm~i` k~ ~itym~i`"

41:" Nkd~`z db` dbjfk~z ek~ ek~osk~l410" Zqdji~z ek~ jkbbijpmkb ke nkd~`z

419" Jkbbijpi` ek~osk~l

415" Odbydg jkoqdjpmkb ke omv nipsiib pfi nkd~`z

413" Dbjfk~mbc pfi e~doiz ke `kk~z smpf pfi c~kyb` db` j~kzz n~djmbc pfio

416" ^doombc em~zp egkk~ sdgg kb pkq ke d `kk~



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:>

41=" 441"

444"

Pfi dqq~kvmodpi q~kqk~pmkb ke zynzkmg mz pfm~p} qi~jibp jgd}+zmgp pk ziuibp} qi~jibp zdb`+c~duig" Sdpi~ fdz d `m~ijp moqdjp kb

pfi zp~ibcpf ke embmzfi` sdggz' db` ìqib`mbc kb pfi zkmg omv' mz imcfp pk zmvpiib qi~jibp ke pfi omv"

Db kqpmkbdg zpdnmgmxi~ od} ni d`ì` eky~ pk psigui qi~jibp ìqib`mbc kb jkb`mpmkbz zyjf dz nkb`mbc zp~ibcpf ke pfi jgd}'zimzomj djpmump}' ìzm~i` jkbzp~yjpmkb q~kjizz' k~ ìzm~i` sdgg q~kqk~pmkbz"

Zpdnmgmxi~z mbjgyì jioibp' gmoi' k~ qkxxkgdb d`ì` pk pfi omv"

Pfi~i d~i byoi~kyz emig` db` gdnk~dpk~} pizpz pk ni ~yb dp dgg zpdciz ke pfi odpi~mdg cdpfi~mbc q~kjizz' idjf pk ìpi~ombi pfi

zqijmemj omv qijygmd~ pk pfi zmpi" Pfizi mbjgyì ìbzmp}' jkoq~izzmui zp~ibcpf' nkb` zp~ibcpf' db` i~kzmkb db` sid~ ~izmzpdbji

pizpz"

Zkmg zpdnmgmxdpmkb cdui d c~idp mbqyp pk ~dooi` id~pf dz sigg dz oijfdbmxdpmkb" Pfi p~d`mpmkbdg skkìb ~dooi~ fdz niib ~iqgdji` n} qbiyodpmj ~dooi~z"

Fidu} skkìb ek~osk~lz iukgui` mbpk gmcfp jkoqkzmpi kbiz' odì ke qg}skk`' skk` db` zpiig k~ zkoipmoiz dgyombmyo"

Qbiyodpmj ~dooi~z' `yoq} gkdì~z' omvi~z' ndb jkbui}k~z' ipj" dggksi` pk nymg` edzpi~ db` cip d nippi~ tydgmp} embmzf"

Zp~yjpy~iz d~i okzp ke pfi pmoi nymgp smpf qmi~ sdggz' oidbmbc pfdp sdggz d~i nymgp yq pk pfim~ eygg fimcfp dp kbji" Pfmz sd} ke

nymg`mbc jfdbci` pkpdgg} pfi ìzmcb qdppi~b ke zp~yjpy~iz"

Okmzp Id~pf/Omvpy~i ke zdb`'

jioibp' c~duig db` jgd}îmbek~ji`

qg}skk` e~doi ^dooi~

Umzmngi gd}i~z ke

jkoqdjpi` id~pf


41=" YZD' Jdgmek~bmd' @dum` Idzpkb Ui~pmjdg ek~o

441" ^doombc smpf igijp~mjdg ~dooi~

444" Jkoqdjpmkb q~kjizz


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::

Mbbkudpmkbz mb id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb

JKBPIVP/ Pfi bijizzmp} ek~ zqii` sdz kbi ke pfi nmc edjpk~z pfdp jkbp~mnypi pk pfdp n~idl smpf p~d`mpmkb" Mp q~kndng} pkkl d

pfkyzdb` }id~z ek~ yz pk emb` kyp n} p~mdg db` i~~k~ fks pk odli d oy` sdgg moqi~umkyz pk ~dmb db` smb`' dbkpfi~ pfkyzdb`

}id~z pk gid~b fks pk liiq pi~ompiz kyp ke mp' db` dbkpfi~ psk k~ pf~ii pfkyzdb` pk gid~b fks pk nymg` oygpm/zpk~mi` oy`

nymg`mbcz"

/Gdy~mi Ndli~ &gmei' sk~l db` s~mpmbcz-' Qdci 4=

Kb pfi kbi fdb`' ~ds id~pf mz zpmgg yzi` dz ndzmj zfigpi~ kb d odzzmui zjdgi n} fyb`~i`z ke omggmkbz ke qikqgi pf~kycfkyp

pfi sk~g`" Kb pfi kpfi~ fdb`' d bis cibi~dpmkb ke d~jfmpijpz db` ibcmbii~z' edzjmbdpi` n} pfi tydgmpmiz ke pfmz fmcfg} ijkgkcmjdg

~izky~ji' mz embdgg} ~i`mzjkui~mbc db` ~idzzi~pmbc mpz udgyi' okì~bmzmbc mpz pijfbkgkc} db` d`dqpmbc ~ds id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pkd n~kd` ~dbci ke okì~b dqqgmjdpmkbz8""" &>11>8=-"

/Pfi zi~miz ke d~pmjgiz n} @ipfim~ db` Idpkb dqqid~i` mb pfi Ziqpioni~ >11: mzzyi keN}ccLybzp

Pfmz jfdqpi~ odmbg} piggz dnkyp pfi q~kngioz dzzkjmdpi` smpf id~pf d~jfmpijpy~i db` mz `mumì` mbpk eky~ qd~pz djjk~`mbc

pk pfi ud~mkyz zpdciz ke d nymg`mbc q~kjizz8

4" @izmcbmbc

>" Jkbzp~yjpmkb

:" Odmbpibdbji

0" @iokgmpmkb+~iyzi

Bks' pfi~i d~i mbbkudpmkbz' ìpdmgmbc db` zkoi bijizzd~} q~ijdypmkbz pfdp jdb kui~jkoi pfkzi q~kngioz' gmompdpmkbzdb` odli id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb dz d umdngi z}zpio ek~ nymg`mbc"

Q~mod~} jdzi zpy`miz mbjgyì nymg`mbcz ziib db` oidzy~i `~dsb &pfi ~itym~i` ìpdmgz- mb Lypjf db` Dy~kumggi"

Djjk~`mbc pk pfi q~kngioz mìbpmemi` pf~kycf pfi tyizpmkbbdm~i db` zijkb`d~} jdzi zpy`miz' pfi~i d~i zkgypmkbz pfdp d~i

oibpmkbi` mb pfi jfd~pz pf~kycf q~mod~} jdzi zpy`miz"



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Q^MOD^] JDZI ZPY@MIZ

Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Odbdcioibp ke

id~pf ~ds

odpi~mdgz db`

omvmbc mz d

jkoqgiv

q~kjizz"

Sfib nymg`mbc smpf id~pf' kbi zfkyg` qd} d gkp ke dppibpmkb ke pfi odbdcioibp ke ~izky~jiz

db` ~ds odpi~mdgz" Pkqzkmg zfkyg` ni zj~dqi` dsd}' zk dz pk ni ~i/yzi` ek~ dc~mjygpy~i k~

cd~ìbz" Zmiui pfi zkmg q~iei~dng} mb pfi tyd~~}8 pfi sdzpi zkmg jdb ni ~i/yzi` kb pfi zqkp pk

embdgmxi pfi gdb`zjdqmbc"

Kbi zfkyg` dgsd}z qgdb fks pfi ivjdudpmkb skyg` ni yzi` depi~sd~ " @izmcb pfi tyd~~} &d~id

db` ìqpf- djjk~ mbc pk pfi eypy~i yzi ke pfi fkgi" @mc djjk~ mbc pk pfi ìzmcb ~itym~ioibpz8

zpiqz k~ zgkqi' ìiq fkgiz k~ zfdggks ivjdudpmkb' ipj"

D q~kqi~ odbdcioibp ke pfi id~pf ~izky~jiz jdb j~idpi d bis db` fd~okbmkyz ndgdbji

nipsiib bdpy~i db` pfi nymg`mbcz"

Dy~kumggi zfksz ud~mkyz qkzzmnmgmpmiz ek~ pfi yzi ke tyd~~miz8 dz sdpi~ fd~uizpmbc qkb`z' sdzpi

sdpi~ p~idpoibp qkb z' qkkgz' ndzioibp egkk~z k~ zfdggks Nmkgkcmjdg sdzpisdpi~ p~idpoibp

ìq~izzmkbz sfmjf d~i yzi` ek~ gdb`zjdqi ìzmcb' sk~l k~ qgd} d~idz' cd~ìbz' ipj"

Ud~mkyz zpdciz ke odlmbc ngkjlz e~ko ~ds odpi~mdgz

k Zmiumbc

k Oidzy~mbc

k @~} omvmbc

k Fyom` omvmbc

k Okyg`mbc

k Mbmpmdg jy~mbc

k Em~zp zpdjlmbc

k Embdg jy~mbc

k Embdg zpdjlmbc


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^igdpi` ~dsmbcz

4" Q~kjizz ke ek~odpmkb ke ngkjlz+id~pf omv e~ko ~ds odpi~mdgz ek~ jkbzp~yjpmkb>" Jkui~i` jgd} omvmbc d~id

:" Zic~icdpmkb ke ud~mkyz ~ds odpi~mdgz pf~kycf qd~pmpmkbz

0" Tyd~~} p~dbzek~oi` mbpk d sdzpisdpi~ p~idpoibp

9" Zfdggks ivjdudpmkb ek~ odlmbc d`kniz

5" Tyd~~} qgdbbi` ek~ d sdzpisdpi~ p~idpoibp db` ~dmbsdpi~ fd~uizpmbc

3" Sdzpi sdpi~ p~idpoibp d~id

4"

>

"

5" 3"

:

"

9"0

"

:0


42/154


Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Pfi p~d`mpmkbdg

sdppgi db` `dyn

dqq~kdjf `kiz bkp

fdui zdeicyd~`z pkibzy~i pfdp pfi sdgg

mz qgyon db` pfmz jdb

~izygp mb zp~yjpy~dg

sidlbizziz

izqijmdgg} sfib pfi

pijfbmtyi mz

p~dbzgdpi` pk gd~ci~

nymg`mbcz"

îei~ Dqqib`mv 9 &jdzi zpy`} =-

Qibip~dpmkb ke sdpi~

e~ko pfi ~kkez pfdp

jdyzi` sdpi~

q~kngioz e~ko pfi

~kke kb mbzmì

zqdjiz"

îei~ Dqqib`mv 9 &jdzi zpy`} 3-

Pfdpjfi`/id~pf pmgi ~kke

Pfi ~kke e~doi oyzp ni nymgp zp~kbc ibkycf pk zyqqk~p pfi simcfp" Pfi nizp id~pf pmgiz d~i

odì smpf zpdnmgmxi` zkmg

Dgzk' skkìb zp~mqz k~ oipdg ~k`z &jdggi` zp~mbci~z- oyzp ni qgdji` mb pfi ~kke dp jgkzi

ibkycf mbpi~udgz zk pfdp idjf pmgi ~izpz kb psk zp~mbci~z' impfi~ `m~ijpg} k~ mb`m~ijpg}"

Pmgiz d~i kepib odì smpf d gmq k~ c~kkui bid~ pfi yqqi~ i`ci zk pfdp pfi} smgg ni

qkzmpmkbi` zijy~ig} kb pfi zp~mbci~z"

Id~pf pmgi fdui dgzk niib yzi` ek~ ~kkez" Pfi} jdb ni q~izzi` mb d ngkjl odlmbc odjfmbi

n} yzmbc emggi~z"

Pfi} jdb dgzk ni ke zyb/ ~mi` d`kni nyp mb impfi~ jdzi mp mz nizp pk zpdnmgmxi pfi id~pf" Pfipmgiz d~i qgdji` kb d skkìb e~doi"

Pfi pmgiz zfkyg` ni 4 4. pk >. pfmjl db` dnkyp 4# gkbc"

Ckk` zyb/`~mi` pmgiz d~i odì smpf d pfdpjf &k~ c~dzz- .pdmg".

Pfi pfdpjf pdmg figqz q~iuibp ~dmb e~ko i~k mbc pfi ngkjl' db` q~kumìz mbzygdpmkb ek~ pfi

mbzm i ke pfi fkyzi"

Pfi jkbpioqk~d~} zpmjl/e~doi jkbzp~yjpmkb jyp jkzpz db` ~i`yjiz ~ds odpi~mdg yzdci

pf~kycf pfi ieemjmibp yzi ke skk` jyp mbpk zpdb`d~ mxi` zmxiz db` ìzmcbi` cikoip~mjdg

qdppi~bz smpf mbemgg ke id~pf omv"

Pfi pmoni~ e~doisk~l mz n~dji` ek~ gdpi~dg/zpdnmgmp}"Pfmz dgzk gid`z pk d sdgg sfmjf mzzp~yjpy~dgg} zkyb` db` qgyon mz odmbpdmbi "


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îgdpi` ~dsmbcz

6" Sdppgi db` `dyn kb pkq ke sdgg odì ke JZIN ybmpz"

=" Jkbbijpmkb ke p~yzz smpf pfi sdppgi db` `dyn pmoni~ e~doi"

41" ^kke sdgg dzziong}44" Fybbd~zfdgd' Nfyh&sdppgi db` `dyn-

4>" Fybbd~zfdgd' Nfyh&pfdpjf ~kke-

4:" Pfdpjf ~kke zyqqk~pi` kb d zpiig

p~yzz db` JZIN sdggz

40" Jkbbijpmkb ke ~kke pmgiz smpf pfi

skkìb zp~mqz&zp~mbci~z-

6"

="

41"

40"

4>"

44"

4:"

:9


44/154


Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Egdp zgdnz d~i bkp

qkzzmngi db` zk oygpm

zpk~i}#z jdbbkp ni

odì"

Ek~odpmkb ke gmbpigz

n} id~pf ngkjlz

JIN ngkjlz si~i yzi` pk odli udygpz kb pkq ke JZIN sdggz db` zyqqk~pi` kb jkbj~ipi

nidoz db` d egdp gd}i~ ke ld`dqqd zpkbi sdz gdm` kb pkq ke pfi udygpz gidumbc pfi zmì

zqdji kb pkq ke pfi `koi fkggks"

Id~pf sdz yzi`' e~ko pfi em~zp ìuigkqoibpz ke Umldz' mb dgg qd~pz ke pfi nymg`mbcz' e~ko

ekyb`dpmkbz pk ~kke"

Mbjgy mbc pfi ndzioibp' mp mz d eky~ zpk~i} nymg mbc"

Q~khijp @ipdmgz Umldz Dqd~poibpz' Dy~kumggi

D~jfmpijp8 Zdpq~io Odmbm

Qi~mk` ke jkbzp~yjpmkb8 4==>/4===

Q~khijp @izj~mqpmkb8 >: ~izmìbpmdg dqd~poibpz fkyzmbc db` jkookb edjmgmpmiz"

Nymg`mbc P}qi8 îzmìbpmdg

Jgmodpi8 Sd~o db` Fyom

Nymgp mb d~id8 40>1 o>

Ksbi~z+jgmibpz8 Jkggijpmui ke jgmibpz Nymg`mbc Pijfbkgkcmiz8 Id~pf db` ei~~kjioibp

Umldz dqd~poibp d~i nymgp smpf zpdnmgmxi` ~dooi` id~pf ekyb`dpmkb &smpf emui qi~jibp

jioibp-

JIN &jkoq~izzi` id~pf ngkjlz- smpf emui qi~jibp jioibp ek~ sdggz udygpz db` `koiz"

Zkoi sdggz fdui niib odì yzmbc ~dooi` id~pf smpf emui qi~jibp jioibp

Pfi zkmg ek~ nymg`mbc fdz niib ivp~djpi` e~ko pfi sdzpi sdpi~ p~idpoibp qkb` db` pfi

cd~ ib pdbl"

sfmgi mb pfi pfm~ dqd~poibp nymg mbc smpf d ndzioibp egkk~' pfi ivjdudpi` zkmg mz yzi`

ek~ nymg`mbc"

Ei~~kjioibp ~kke jfdbbigz fdui niib yzi` ek~ zkoi egkk~z sfmgi `kk~z db` zfiguiz d~i

ke ei~~kjioibp" Jkbj~ipi' cgdzz' zpiig' ipj" fdui niib zqd~mbcg} yzi "


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^igdpi` ~dsmbcz

49"

46"

45"

:5

4=""

49" Udygp db` egdp zgdn ke ld`dqqd zpkbi smpf JIN

pmgiz dz egkk~mbc

45" Umldz dqd~poibp' Dy~kumggi&udygp zyqqk~pmbc egdp

zgdnz-

43" Umldz dqd~poibp' Dy~kumggi&: zpk~i}#z smpf

ndzioibp-

46" ZIN dz gmbpig kb pkq ke pfi `kk~


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Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Egdp zgdnz d~i bkp

qkzzmngi db` zk oygpm

zpk~i}#z jdbbkp ni

odì"

Fky~`m ~kkembc yzi` mb dy~kumggi id~pf mbzpmpypi pk j~idpi egdp id~pf zgdnz"

Pfi fky~`m ngkjl q~k`yji` n} pfi Dy~do q~izz :111 mz yzi` pk j~idpi egkk~z db` ~kkez"

Pfizi ngkjlz ~izp impfi~ kb ~imbek~ji` jkbj~ipi P nidoz k~ kb ei~~kjioibp jfdbbigz" Dz pfizi ngkjlz d~i fkggks pfi} j~idpi ~kkez sfmjf d~i ok~i jkoek~pdngi ybì~ d fkp

jgmodpi"

Pfi ~izmzpdbji ke pfizi ngkjlz mz ivp~ioig} fmcf"

Pfi zi~miz ke pfizi ngkjlz mz ~izpi` kb pfi i`ciz ke ei~~kjioibp jfdbbigz db` pfib id~pf

emggmbc mz `kbi pk odli iuib zy~edji kb pkq zy~edji sfmjf jkonmbiz pfi jfdbbigz smpf pfi

ngkjlz"

îei~ dqqib`mv 0&Jzin fky~`m ~kkembc-


47/154

^igdpi` ~dsmbcz

>1" D`hyzpmbc fky~`m ngkjlz mb nipsiib ei~~kjioibp jfdbbigz>4" Jdzpmbc db id~pf jkbj~ipi8 4 jioibp8 > zkmg8 : zdb`8 0 c~duig

>>" Dy~kumggi id~pf mbzpmpypi' fky~`m ~kkembc

>:" Udygp zp~yjpy~i kb pkq ke fky~`m ~kkembc

:3

>4">1"

>>"

>:"


48/154


Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Dizpfipmjz db`

mbzygdpmkb

qkppi~} ek~ mbzygdpmkb db` dizpfipmjz

Qkppi~} mz d ìuigkqi` j~dep ke lypjf" Pk yzi jgd} mpioz ek~ jkbzp~yjpmkb sdz pk emb` bis

sd}z ke nymg`mbc oipfk`z" Pfi jgd} qgdpiz db` nksgz d~i yzi` ek~ sdgg db` ~kke mbzygdpmkb db` qkpz dz umzydg knhijpz

ek~ ìzmcb"

Pfi gkjdg jkbuiv jm~jygd~ jgd} qgdpiz d~i jgdì` kb pfi ivpi~bdg sdgg ek~ mbzygdpmkb"

Zodgg fkgiz d~i odì mb qgdpiz ek~ uibpmgdpmkb db` d~~dbci` mb `meei~ibp ìzmcbz db`

qdppi~bz"

Pfi p~mdbcygd~ zqdjiz nipsiib pfio d~i emggi` smpf zodgg om~~k~z ek~ pfi ~iegijpmkb ke fidp"

Pfyz' pfi ibpm~i zy~edji ke sdgg mz pdlib jd~i ke fidp mbzygdpmkb"

Pfmz sdgg jgd``mbc db` mbzygdpmkb sk~l q~kjii`z edzp dz pfi zy~edji jkui~dci ke idjf qgdpi

mz dnkyp >9jo `mdoipi~"

Zmbji mp mz d gkjdg odpi~mdg pfi jkzp ke qgdpi mz gks db` pfi pkpdg mpio jkzpz oyjf gizz pfdb

jkbuibpmkbdg jgd` mbc oipfk`z"

Dp pfi zdoi pmoi' mp q~kumìz sk~l ek~ pfi qkppi~ sfk fdz pk odli dnkyp 9111 qgdpiz ek~

kbi fkyzi"

Jgd} pmgiz d~i dgzk yzi` mb dy~kumggi db` Ndbcdgk~i mbzmì pfi fkyziz ek~ moq~kumbc pfi

mbbi~ jgmodpi pf~kycf yzi ke jgd} qkpz db` jgd} pmgiz mb jimgmbcz"

Mbui~pi` nksgz yzi` ek~ jimgmbc qdppi~b" Pfi} dgzk djp dz gdoq emvpy~iz gmcfpmbc yq pfi

ibpm~i jimgmbc


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^igdpi` ~dsmbcz

:6

>0"

>9"

>5"

>3"

>6"

>=">0" Jgd} qgdpiz emvi` kb sdggz ek~ mbzygdpmkb db` pfi mb/ nipsiib zqdjiz

emggi` smpf om~~k~z ek~ ~iegijpmbc fidp>9" Jgd} nksgz jdb dgzk ni yzi` ek~ sdgg mbzygdpmkb

>5" Jgd} nksgz dz jgd``mbc ek~ mbzygdpmkb' Lypjf

>3" Emggi~ zgdnz& Odbcdgk~i pmgiz' Zpdnmgmxi` oy` ngkjlz- `ipdmgz

>6" Odbcdgk~i pmgi` jimgmbc' Ndbcdgk~i

>=" Pmgi` jimgmbc ek~ udygp' Dy~kumggi


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^igdpi` ~dsmbcz

:=

:1"

:5"

:4"

::"

:>"

:9"

:0"

:1" Mbui~pi` nksgz yzi` ek~ jimgmbc qdppi~b" Pfi} dgzk djp dz gdoq emvpy~iz

gmcfpmbc yq pfi ibpm~i jimgmbc&sdgg zijpmkb db` umis-

:4" Yzi ke mbui~pi` nksgz' Dy~kumggi &j~idpmump} dqd~poibp-:>" Yzi ke jgd} nksgz smpf dgg emvpy~iz ek~ pfi jimgmbc ' Dy~kumggi&j~idpmump}-

::" Yzi ke jgd} nksgz&sfkgi mbzm`i-' Ndbcdgk~i

:0" Mbui~pi` jgd} qkpz yzi` mb jy~umgmbid~ jimgmbc

:9" Mbbi~ umis ke pfi fkyzi

:5" Mbbi~ umis ke pfi fkyzi


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Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Skk` `kizbp

d`fi~i smpf pfi

id~pf sdggz db`

okzpg} j~idpi cdqznipsiib pfi sdgg

db` pfi e~doi ke

pfi smb`ks"

Pfi~i mz db dgpi~bdpmui sfi~i qmukpi` smb`ksz d~i yzi` sfi~i pfi~i mz bk bii` ke skkìb

e~doiz db` zk pfi smb`ksz d~i `m~ijpg} dppdjfi` n} qmukpz pk pfi psk zm iz ke pfi sdggz"

Egdp Id~pf egkk~mbc ^dooi` id~pf fkyziz jdb ni nymgp mb kbi ke pf~ii ndzmj sd}z" Mb`mum`ydg' ~dooi` id~pf n~mjlz

jdb ni ek~oi` db` yzi` smpf zpdb`d~` nymg mbc pijfbmtyiz< mb edjp' zyjf n~mjlz od} ni yzi` pk

ek~o pfi egkk~z mb d ~dooi` id~pf fkyzi nymgp smpf kpfi~ pijfbmtyiz"

Kvmì egkk~mbc mz yzi` bks d`d}z n} sfmjf ud~mkyz jkgk~i` egkk~mbc jdb ni q~k`yji` e~ko

id~pf pijfbmtyiz"

^dooi` id~pf egkk~mbc smpf jkui~mbc ke skkìb ngkjlz db` zp~mqz d~i dgzk d ckk` zkgypmkb pk

djfmiui egdp egkk~z e~ko id~pf"

Qkzzmnmgmpmiz ke

gd~ci db` ud~mkyz

p}qiz ke kqibmbcz"

JZIN sdggz db` pfi mbp~k`yjpmkb ke zpdnmgmxi` sdggz ek~ ~dooi` id~pf fdz cmuib ok~i idz}

sd}z ke odlmbc gd~ci kqibmbcz ke ud~mkyz zfdqiz db` zmxiz"

Zkoi ke pfi ivdoqgiz dz ziib mb lypjf ~icmkb d~i cmuib mb pfi `~dsmbc qd~p"


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01

:="

01"

04"0>"

0:"

:6"

:3"

:3" Zlipjfiz n} Gdy~mi ndli~

zfksmbc smb`ks p}qi

:6" Qmukpi` smb`ks&Fybbd~zfdgd'

Nfyh-

:=" Kvm`i egkk~mbc &Fybbd~zfdgd'

Nfyh-

01" Zkoi zyqqk~pmbc zlipjfiz e~ko

nkkl nymg`mbc smpf id~pf

zfksmbc ~dooi` egkk~mbcz

04" Smb`ks p}qi&Fm~dgdvom j~dep

qd~l' Nfyhk`m-

0>" Smb`ks p}qi&Fybbd~zfdgd'

Nfyh-

0:" Ud~mkyz smb`ks p}qiz zfksb

pf~kycf zlipjfiz db`

qmjpy~iz&Fybbd~zfdgd' Nfyh-


53/154


Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Ek~odpmkb ke k~cdbmj zfdqiz

db` zmbcgi ~kkei` nymg`mbcz"

Jkn mz pfi pijfbmtyi pfdp cmuiz kqqk~pybmp} pk ek~o k~cdbmj zfdqiz"

Bks d`d}z pfi~i d~i ek~osk~l ek~ jy~ui` sdggz pkk db` zk pfi qkzzmnmgmpmiz ke zfdqiz

mz ok~i"

Pfi qgdzpmjmp} ke gkdo dggksz bkp kbg} ek~ pfi nymg`mbc ke ivpi~mk~ sdggz' jimgmbcz db`

egkk~z nyp dgzk ke nymgp/mb ey~bmpy~i"

Ek~ pfmz' gkdo igioibpz sfib zpmgg sip d~i qd~pmjygd~g} zympdngi dz pfi} jdb ni cmuib d

c~idp ud~mip} ke zfdqiz< pfi} dgzk kqib yq bis dizpfipmj qkzzmnmgmpmiz"


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îgdpi` ~dsmbcz

04

00 09" 05"

03"

06"

0="

91"

00/05" Dy~kokìgi fkyziz zfksmbc

zkoi ìzmcbz pfdp jdb ni `kbi mb

id~pf"

03" Zkoi zlipjfiz e~ko nkkl

d~jfmpijpy~i ke Lypjf zfksmbc

jy~umgmbid~ izmcbz iuigkqi`

e~ko p~d`mpmkbdg nfybcdz

06" Zfddo/i/zd~fd` ~izk~p&fk`ld'

ndbbm- zfksmbc jy~umgmbid~zfdqi` zmpmmbc d~id

0=" Zfdd/i/zd~fd` &fk`lk' ndbbm-

zfksmbc zmbcgi ~kkei` zqdjiz

91" Jfmbpdb k~cdbmj ed~o&nfyhk m-

zfksmbc zmbcgi ~kke odì ke

pfdpjf smpf zqdjiz zic~icdpi` n}

sdggz"


55/154


Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Udygpz db` `koiz ke id~pf

odzkb~} ~itym~iz zlmgg

gdnky~ "

Bynmdb udygpz

Smpf pfi Bynmdb udygp pijfbmtyi' yzi` ek~ jibpy~miz mb Yqqi~ Ic}qp' udygpz jdb ni

nymgp smpfkyp db} ek~osk~l n} yzmbc ~ijgmbmbc d~jfiz odì ke d`kni"

îei~ dqqib`mv 9 &jdzi zpy`} ke @igfm keemji-

Depi~ zpy`}mbc ivdoqgiz e~ko Fdzzdb Edpf} db` Bd`m~ Lfdgm' ^d} Oiili~ okui`

pk Qkb`mjfi~~} Mb`md" Yzmbc gkjdg odpi~mdgz ke oy` n~mjlz' Oiili~ jkbzp~yjpi` d

fkyzi n} ek~ombc d jibp~dg `koi zy~~kybì` n} eky~ Bynmdb udygpz" Pk fd~ìb pfi

oy`' Oiili~ py~bi` pfi fkyzi mbpk d lmgb db` em~i` pfi mbpi~mk~ ek~ eky~ db` d fdge

`d}z" Pk keezip gdnky~ jkzpz' jgd} qkpz' pmgiz db` ivp~d n~mjlz si~i dgzk em~i` mb pfi

zp~yjpy~i pk ni zkg`" Pfi pi~o Dcbm Hdpd mz yzi` ek~ pfmz q~kjizz< mp oidbz em~i

ny~bi`"

Mb k~ì~ pk dukm` pfi `mzdùdbpdciz ke Bynmdb `koi pijfbkgkc}' d bis pijfbmtyi

ek~ odlmbc `koiz yzmbc d ~kpdpmkbdg cymì sdz ìuigkqi` dp pfi N^G" Smpf pfmz

pijfbmtyi' pfi zp~yjpy~dgg} kqpmodg cikoip~} ke pfi `koi jdb ni djfmiui` smpfkyp

ek~osk~l"

Pfi ~kpdpmkbdg cymì fdz d ~mcfp/dbcgi` fid` mbpk sfmjf pfi ngkjlz d~i qgdji`" Pfmz

dbcgi jdb ni okui` kb d jy~ui` oipdg P/zijpmkb nibp pk zfdqi" Pfmz P/zijpmkb mz

emvi` pk d ~kpdpmbc d~o' sfmjf mz mb py~b emvi` pk d ui~pmjdg qkzp"

Pfi emcy~iz d~i zfksb mb pfi bivp qdci"


56/154

^igdpi` ~dsmbcz

0>

9>"

9:"

90"

99"

95"

9>" Em~mbc pfi ~ds oy` n~mjlz db` j~idpmbc pfi

nymg`mbc mpzige dz lmgb

9:" Qgdzpi~i` db` jkoqgipi` fkyzi90" Udygp j~idpi` n} Bynmdb udygp q~kjizz

99" Ekyb`dpmkb db` qgmbpf gd}i~ jkoqgipi`

95" Pfi eky~ zpdciz zfksmbc q~kjizz ke j~idpmbc d

udygp smpfkyp ek~osk~l `i~mui` e~ko Bynmdb

pijfbmtyi"


57/154

NYMG@MBC Q^KJIZZ / ìzmcbmbc

Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Pk jfkkzi id~pf

jkbzp~yjpmkb ek~ pfi q~khijp"

Pk ìzmcb dqq~kq~mdpi id~pf

nymg`mbc"

Zkoi ke pfi q~kngioz d~i

gmzpi` nigks8

Edjpk~z pk ni liqp mb omb` sfmgi ìzmcbmbc id~pf nymg`mbc pfdp jdb kui~jkoi pfi

zy~edji db` zp~yjpy~dg ìeijpz8

Sdgg pfmjlbizz

Zqdbbmbc oioni~z

Sfmjf pijfbmtyi pk ni yzi` ek~ jkbzp~yjpmkb Byoni~ ke zpk~i}#z

Jk~bi~ hybjpmkbz

Hkmbi~miz db` ìpdmgmbc pk dukm` sdpi~ db` pi~ompi qibip~dpmkb

Sdpi~ mz d odhk~ dcibp ke ìjd} ek~ id~pf sdggz" Pfi~iek~i' jkìz db` kpfi~

qyngmjdpmkbz cibi~dgg} ~ijkooib` bkp qgdjmbc qgyonmbc smpfmb id~pfib eidpy~iz

Pk jkbumbji pfi jgmibp ek~

id~pf

Jkbzp~yjpmkb"

Embdgmxdpmkb ke ìzmcb smpfpfi jgmibp

N} zfksmbc pfi qkzzmngi kqpmkbz db` nibiempz ke id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb db` zkoi

ckk` ivdoqgiz ke dg~id`} odì id~pf nymg`mbcz"

N} zfksmbc pfi ìpdmgmbc pfdp d~i `kbi pk kui~jkoi pfi mzzyiz ~igdpi` pk sdpi~

db` mbzijpz' zf~mbldci j~djlz db` zpdpmbc pfi pijfbmtyi pfdp mz pk ni yzi " Zfksmbc pfi nibiempz ~igdpi` pk jgmodpi db` mb`kk~ pioqi~dpy~i n} yzmbc id~pf

sdggz ek~ nymg`mbc"

Odpi~mdg dizpfipmj nibiempz db` dgzk zfksmbc ivdoqgiz ke nymg`mbcz dg~id`}

jkbzp~yjpi` kyp ke id~pf"

Edjpk~z pk ni ziib niek~i jfkkzmbc id~pf dz d jkbzp~yjpmkb odpi~mdg

Dudmgdnmgmp} ke ~ds odpi~mdgz/ mb pfi q~kvmomp} ke >1 loz mz jkbzmì~i` umdngi

Jgmodpi/okzpg} iui~}sfi~i kb idjf db iui~} jkbpmbibp ivjiqp Dbpd~jpmjdnijdyzi ke ybdudmgdnmgmp} ke ~ds odpi~mdgz"

Gkjdg gdnky~/ p~dmbmbc ombmoyo ke 4> pk 49 qikqgi mz oyzp ek~ ckk` id~pf

jkbzp~yjpmkb"

Cippmbc lbksgi`ci dnkyp pfi odpi~mdg pfk~kycfg} pf~kycf nkklz db` ~izky~ji

qikqgi"

Zy~edji ìeijpz mbjgyì&j~djlz< egdliz< ngmzpi~mbc)

:. bdmgz ek~

d`fi~ibji

Skk`

jkgyob

Kypzmì mbzmì

Kypzmìmbzmì

Ekyb`dpmkb jkbpmbyi` pmgg pfi ndzi ke

pfi sdgg ivpib`mbc e~ko pfi c~kyb`

giuig

Ekyb`dpmkbz8 jkgyob ioni`ì` mb

pfi jkbj~ipi"

>)

Kypzmì

Kypzmì

mbzmì

mbzmì

Sdgg ndzi smpf jkbj~ipi ngkjlz

&:=v4=v40jo- k~ zmomgd~ odpi~mdgdb` jkbj~ipi emggmbc"

Ekyb`dpmkb smpf skkìb jkgyob

emvi` pk pfi jkbj~ipi sdgg ndzi"

>)

>)

skkìb zyqqk~p

mbzmìkypzmì

Egkk`mbc

:+6.

m~kb

dbjfk~

91


72/154

NYMG@MBC Q^KJIZZ Jkbzp~yjpmkb&sdppgi db` `dyn-

Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Dbkpfi~ pijfbmjdg q~kngio

mz mb ~icd~` pk embmzfiz" Pfi

sdggz db` egkk~z d~i embmzfi`

smpf id~pf db` qdmbpi` smpf

`ybc/zpdnmgmzi` zkmg"

Pk cip d ok~i fd~`sid~mbc

db` dizpfipmjdgg} qgidzmbc

qgdzpi~' zkoi qikqgi p~} pk

yzi zdb /jioibp qgdzpi~ kb

pfi id~pf sdggz" Nyp pfmz

j~idpiz db ivp~d q~kngio

nijdyzi zdb`/jioibp qgdzpi~

`kiz bkp zpmjl pk id~pf sdggz

&fibji pfi qgdzpi~ qiigz kee

depi~ d zfk~p pmoi-"

QGDZPI^MBC

P~idpoibp dqqgmi` pk pfi zy~edji ke pfi sdgg smpf pfi dmo ke q~kpijpmbc mp dcdmbzp pfi

sidpfi~ db` yzi"

Dgzk yzi` pk odli pfi fkyzi ok~i dizpfipmj"

D sdgg q~kpijpi` n} edjmbc smgg ni mb nippi~ jkb mpmkbz mb pfi iuibp ke db id~pftydli

Zqijmdg zlmggz biiì` ek~

qgdzpi~mbc"

4" Q~iqd~dpmkb8

Jgidb pfi sdgg mb k~ì~ pk igmombdpi db} gkkzi zkmg k~

zdb`' pk cyd~dbpii pfi d`fi~ibji ke pfi qgdzpi~mbc pk

pfi sdgg zijpmkb" Me pfi sdgg mz sip' }ky zfkyg` sdmp d

sfmgi zk pfdp db} sdpi~ mbzm i pfi sdgg jdb iudqk~dpi

db` ni dnzk~ni`

>" Pfi ybì~gd}8Yzi` pk giuig kyp pfi sdgg#z moqi~eijpmkbz db` zk mp jdb

~ijimui pfmz embmzfmbc gd}i~" Pfi pfmjlbizz ke pfmz gd}i~

smgg ni nipsiib 6oo db` >1oo" Pfi ok~pd~ oyzp

fdui pfi ekggksmbc q~kqk~pmkbz8

4 qd~p ke id~pf dp 9oo `mdoipi~"

> qd~pz ke zdb` &sfmjf ck pf~kycf pfi 9 oo oizf-

4+: ke zp~ds jyp mbpk :joz zp~mqz"

:" Mbjmzmkbz

Niek~i pfi em~zp gd}i~' `~miz' .mbjmzmkbz. d~i odì

yzmbc d oipdg n~yzf k~ bdmgz" Pfmz moq~kuiz pfi

d`fizmkb ke pfi zijkb` gd}i~ kbpk pfi em~zp"0" Pfi zijkb` gd}i~8 .pfi embmzf." Db dizpfipmj pfmb

zidg k~ q~kpijpmui gd}i~' d`ì` kbji pfi em~zp gd}i~ mz

jkoqgipig} `~}"

Pfi pfmjlbizz mz nipsiib 4 db` >oo"

Pfi ok~pd~ smgg dqq~kvmodpig} ni8

4 qd~p ke id~pf &sfmjf ckiz pf~kycf pfi >oo oizf-

: k~ 0 ke embi zdb`"

Sfib odlmbc pfi qgdzpi~ mp mz moqk~pdbp pk pizp

`meei~ibp omviz' jfdbcmbc pfi q~kqk~pmkbz ybpmg pfi

~mcfp omv sfmjf `kiz bkp j~djl db` sfmjf mz ~izmzpdbp

mz djfmiui "

9" Zidgmbc

Yzi d zqkbci odlmbc jm~jygd~ okuioibpz pfib sdmp

ek~

nipsiib 49 db` >1 ombypiz niek~i yzmbc d `~} qdmbp

n~yzf mb zp~dmcfp okuioibpz' pfi dmo mz pk zidg pfi

zy~edji"

Dgpi~bdpmuiz8 pfi~i d~i kpfi~ dgpi~bdpmuiz db`

jkonmbdpmkbz"

Gmoi db` zdb '

Gmoi' zdb`' id~pf'

Jfdgl db` zdb '

Jfdgl' gmoi db` zdb`

Ek~ dbjfk~mbc qgdzpi~ pk zokkpf jkoq~izzi` ngkjlz dp

c~kyb` zqgdzf giuig' yzi jfmjlib sm~i oizf"


73/154

^igdpi` `~dsmbcz

94


74/154

NYMG@MBC Q^KJIZZ Jkbzp~yjpmkb&sdppgi db` `dyn-

Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

E~ko d pijfbmjdg umisqkmbp'

mp mz jgid~ pfi p~d`mpmkbdg

sdppgi/db`/`dyn fdz

q~kngioz pfdp ~i`yji mpz

`y~dnmgmp} pk dnkyp :1 }id~z"

Pfi p~d`mpmkbdg dqq~kdjf

`kiz bkp fdui zdeicyd~ z pk

ibzy~i pfdp pfi sdgg mz qgyon

db` pfmz jdb ~izygp mb

zp~yjpy~dg sidlbizziz

izqijmdgg} sfib pfi

pijfbmtyi mz p~dbzgdpi` pk

gd~ci~ nymg`mbcz

gdjl ke `mdckbdg n~djmbc

oidbz pfdp pfi sdggz `k bkp

dgsd}z fdui gdpi~dg zpdnmgmp}

izqijmdgg} depi~ pfi

nymg`mbc ndzi fdz niib

sidlibi` n} okmzpy~i db`

pi~ompi dppdjl"

Pfi pmoni~ e~doisk~l mz n~dji` ek~ gdpi~dg/zpdnmgmp}" Pfi q~i edn~mjdpi` skkìb

qdbigz jdb j~idpi sdggz pfdp d~i zp~yjpy~dgg} zkyb` db` jdb odmbpdmb pfi qgyon"

Dgzk pfi q~kngio ke mb zmpy jkbzp~yjpmkb mz zkgui` n} zyjf qdbigz"

Pfi q~iedn~mjdpi` qdbig mz d zdsi` skkìb e~doi' emggi` smpf mbpi~skuib jdbi k~

ndonkk ndppibz' mbzi~pi` mb zyjf d sd} pfdp pfi} d~i zige/dbjfk~mbc"

Depi~ nimbc dzziongi` pfizi qdbigz d~i sdggz sfmjf smgg ni qgdzpi~i` smpf id~pf

db` zp~ds ok~pd~ smpf db mbmpmdg gd}i~ db` pfib d pfmb embmzfmbc gd}i~"

Pfi dùdbpdci ke q~iedn~mjdpi` qdbigz mz pfdp pfi} ibdngi pfi qdbigz db` pfi

zp~yjpy~i pfdp smgg jd~~} pfio mb pfi sdgg pk ni odì dp pfi zdoi pmoi' pfyz

~i`yjmbc dzziong} pmoi"


75/154

^igdpi` `~dsmbcz

9>


76/154

NYMG@MBC Q^KJIZZ Jkbzp~yjpmkb&~dooi` id~pf-

Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Zimzomj djpmump}' k~

db} kui~nid~mbc ek~ji'

jdyziz j~djlmbc smpfmb pfi

sdgg pfdp gid z mb gks pibzmgi

zp~ibcpf

Ivp~d jkoqdjpmkb gid`z pk

edmgy~i ke pfi sdgg `y~mbc

jkbzp~yjpmkb"

Bii`z zlmggi` odbydg

jkoqdjpmkb ke pfi sdgg"

Q~kngio d~idz jdb ni pd~cipi "

Zpiig ~ind~ jdb ni qgdji` mbpk pfi

ek~o db` nkyb` pk pfi id~pf `y~mbc

pfi ~doombc q~kjizz" Pfmz jdb kjjy~

dp jk~bi~z db` kui~ sdgg kqibmbcz pk

q~kumì zpdnmgmp} db` pibzmgi

zp~ibcpf"

Mbzpid` ke ~ind~' gmbpigz ke ud~mkyz

odpi~mdgz k~ iuib d~jfiz jdb dgzk ni

yzi` kui~ kqibmbcz"

Pfi zqijmemj jkbzp~yjpmkb ke ~dooi`

id~pf jkbzmzpz ke gmepz k~ gd}i~z ke id~pf

qky~i` mbpk ek~osk~l dp d ìqpf ke imcfp

mbjfiz db` pfib jkoqdjpi` pk emui

mbjfiz" Pfmz j~idpiz d zp~mdpi` id~pfib

sdgg"

Zmomgd~ pk jkbj~ipi' mp mz zp~kbci~ pfdb

kpfi~ ek~oz ke id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb

nijdyzi mp mz jkoqdjpi` mb qgdji db`

jkbpdmbz bk ok~pd~ hkmbpz"

Cibi~dgg} ok~i jkoqdjpmkb smgg cmui

fmcfi~ zp~ibcpfz db` zokkpfi~ embmzfiz

nyp pkk oyjf jkoqdjpmkb jdb gid` pk

e~djpy~mbc db` gizz zp~ibcpf"

Jd~i mz pdlib zk pfdp gd~ci~ zpkbiz d~i

okui` dsd} e~ko pfi ek~o" Pfi i`ciz

d~i ~dooi` em~zp' db` pfib pfi jibpi~

ybpmg bk ey~pfi~ moq~izzmkbz ~izygp e~ko

ngksz e~ko pfi pdoqi~"

Pfi~i d~i odjfmbiz ìuigkqi` ek~ ~doombc

pfi sdggz"

îembi` ek~osk~l z}zpioz db` igijp~mjdg k~

qbiyodpmj ~doombc ~i`yjiz gdnky~ mbqyp

zmcbmemjdbpg} db` odliz ~dooi` id~pf

pijfbmtyiz ~igiudbp mb zkoi mb`yzp~mdgmzi`jkybp~miz dz sigg"


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Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

9:

54" Qbiyodpmj ~dooi~z

51" Fdb` ~dooi~z


78/154


Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Zkoi jgdmo pfdp mp mz

qkzzmngi pk djfmiui smpf

ybzlmggi` gdnky~"

D jkbp~djpk~ zlmggi` mb ~dooi` id~pf skyg` fdui pk ni dudmgdngi ek~ djtymzmpmkb ke

odpi~mdgz' pizpmbc' db` ìzmcbmbc ek~osk~l" Fksiui~' depi~ pfdp' pfi q~kjizz ke

omvmbc' f}`~dpmbc' gmepmbc' db` pdoqmbc mz qkzzmngi n} ybzlmggi` gdnky~"

Oyjf ke pfi cibi~dg jkbji~b

smpf ~dooi` id~pf' pfkycf'

mz mpz zyzjiqpmnmgmp} pk sdpi~"

Dnzk~qpmkb ke db` i~kzmkb

n} sdpi~" Me pfi sdgg dnzk~nz

sdpi~' pfi nkb`z nipsiib

qd~pmjgiz gizzib db` j~yzfmbc

zp~ibcpf mz ~i`yji`" @~mumbc

~dmb gkkzibz zodggi~

qd~pmjgiz' sfmjf j~idpi

gd~ci~ fkgiz db` j~djlz

smpfmb pfi sdgg"

Jkookb ìzmcb pijfbmtyiz' zyjf dz ìiq kui~ fdbcz &yzydgg} kbi/pfm~` pfi fimcfp

ke pfi sdgg-' jdb nicmb pk q~kpijp pfi sdgg"

Pfi d` mpmkb ke d zpdnmgmxi~ smgg figq smpf pfi sdpi~ dnzk~qpmkb" Nyp dz ed~ dz sdpi~

`dodci ckiz' zy~edji p~idpoibp jdb q~kumì pfi nizp q~kpijpmkb ek~ d ~dooi` id~pf

sdgg" N~idpfdngi embmzfiz zfkyg` ni yzi` pk dggks ek~ sdpi~ iudqk~dpmkb" @QJ

zfkyg` ni d`ì` dgsd}z pk zkgui sdpi~ q~kngioz"

P~d`mpmkbdgg}' zpyjjk k~ qgdzpi~ fdz niib yzi` db` pfib qdmbpi` kui~ pfi ~dooi`

id~pf sdggz" Dgzk' d gmoi sdzf &sfmpisdzf-' nmpyoib ioygzmkb smpf qdmbp' ioygzmkb

qdmbp' k~ kmg/ndzi` qdmbp jdb q~kpijp pfi zy~edji" Zpmgg' smpf pfi ìzm~i pk ivq~izz pfi

id~pfib tydgmp} ke ~dooi` id~pf' qkg}oi~ ioygzmkb &QUD- fdz ok~i ~ijibpg} niib

yzi` pk zidg pfi sdgg db` q~kpijp mp e~ko smb` db` ~dmb' giep p~dbzqd~ibp ek~

dizpfipmjz

Bii`z odbydg gdnky~ ek~

d`hyzpmbc' i~ijpmbc db`

`mzodbpgmbc pfi ek~osk~l"

Pfi gdnky~ mbqyp mb p~d mpmkbdg ~dooi` id~pf sdggz jkbzp~yjpi` odbydgg}' mbjgy`mbc

q~iqd~dpmkb' p~dbzqk~pdpmkb db` jkbzp~yjpmkb' mz e~ko >1 pk :1 f+o:" N} ~iembmbc pfi

ek~osk~l z}zpio db` yzmbc pfi igijp~mjdg umn~dpk~"

P~dbzqk~pdpmkb db` emggmbc mz `kbi n} d `yoqi~ db` jkoqdjpi` n} fidu} qbiyodpmj

~doz' gdnky~ mbqyp jdb ni ~i`yji` pk dz gmppgi dz > f+o:' sfmjf mz kbg} 41) ke pfi

gdnky~ yzi` smpf p~d mpmkbdg pijfbmtyiz' db` zmcbmemjdbpg} gizz pfdb pfdp biiì` ek~

odzkb~} sk~l"Q~kqi~ ìzmcbmbc db` jfkkzmbc ke ek~osk~l jdb gid` pk ìj~idzi mb

odbydg gdnky~ dgokzp n} 51)"

Nkd~`z oyzp ni zpmee zk pfdp pfi} `k bkp nib` kypsd~`z sfmgi ~doombc mz

ybì~sd}"

Dgg qd~pz oyzp ni gmcfp ibkycf pk ni jd~~mi` n} psk sk~li~z"

Pfi ek~osk~l zfkyg` ni idz} pk d hyzp mb nkpf ui~pmjdg db` fk~mxkbpdg `m~ijpmkbz"

Ud~mdpmkbz mb pfi pfmjlbizz ke pfi sdgg oyzp ni jkbp~kggdngi smpfmb d zqijmemi`

pkgi~dbji"

Mp mz q~iei~dngi pfdp pfi i`ciz ~itym~i bk zqijmdg ek~osk~l" Pfi~iek~i' pfi

ek~osk~l zfkyg` dggks ud~}mbc gibcpfz ke sdgg pk ni jdzp"

@y~mbc pfi gdpi 4311z' d E~ibjf nymgì~ bdoi` E~dbjkmz Jkmbpi~dyv ekybì` d

zjfkkg mb Qd~mz pk zpy`} db` qyngmjmxi ~dooi` id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb' sfmjf fi

jdggi` qmz# ì Pi~~i &qy``gi jgd} ke id~pf-" Pk`d}' @dum` Idzpkb fdz ìuigkqi` dbis ui~zmkb ke ~dooi` id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb fi jdggz QMZI &Qbiyodpmjdgg} Moqdjpi`

Zpdnmgmxi` Id~pf-" Mp mbukguiz zq~d}mbc pfi q~iqd~i` zkmg ybì~ fmcf q~izzy~i

dcdmbzp d kbi/zmì` ek~o" Pfmz pijfbmtyi jdb q~k`yji 4'>11 zt ep &:59"35 zt o- ke

46 mbjf &09"3> jo- pfmjl sdgg qi~ `d}' sfmjf mz eky~ pmoiz edzpi~ pfdb d p}qmjdg'

eky~/qi~zkb j~is jdb emgg nkv/gmli ek~oz db` jkoqdjp id~pf smpf qksi~ pdoqi~z"


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90

5>" Id~pf q~khijpi` kb kbi zm`i skk`ib qgdblz pk j~idpi

d sdgg


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Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Mb bid~g} dgg p~d`mpmkbdg ~dooi` id~pf pijfbmtyiz'

pfi ek~osk~l mz ~iokui` db` ~i/i~ijpi`

fk~mxkbpdgg} zpiq n} zpiq"

Pfmz oidbz pfdp id~pf mz ~dooi` mb gd}i~z e~ko

91 pk 61 jo fmcf' ek~ombc jky~ziz ke pfdp fimcfpniek~i pfi ek~osk~l mz okui`"

Sfib kbi jky~zi mz jkoqgipi' pfi bivp jky~zi

pfdp mz ~dooi` mz okmzpi~ pfdb pfi kbi dg~id`} mb

qgdji' sfmjf mz qd~pmdgg} `~mi` kyp"

Pfi~iek~i' pfi~i mz d fmcfi~ zf~mbldci mb pfi

yqqi~ jky~zi pfdb mb pfi gksi~' gid`mbc pk

fk~mxkbpdg zf~mbldci j~djlz dp pfi hkmbp"

Pfmz jdb ni `dbci~kyz' zmbji sdpi~ jdb ibpi~ pfmz

hkmbp db` ~iodmb' jdyzmbc zsiggmbc db`

`mzmbpic~dpmkb" Ui~pmjdg j~djlz jdb dgzk kjjy~ mb

zyjf sdggz"

Pfmz q~kngio sdz zkgui` n} yzmbc d gd}i~ ke gmoi ok~pd~

dnkui idjf jky~zi niek~i gd}mbc d bis kbi"

D gmoi ok~pd~ jy~iz kui~ ziui~dg siilz db` ~iodmbz qgdzpmj

ybpmg pfi gkdo fdz zpkqqi` zf~mblmbc< zkoipmoiz iuib pfi

zm i hkmbp nipsiib zijpmkbz ke pfi jky~zi mz od`i smpf ok~pd~

dp db mbjgmbi"


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^igdpi` `~dsmbcz

99


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Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Dz smpf ~dooi` id~pf

pijfbmtyiz' pfi jkzp

ke pfi ek~osk~l mz tympi

fmcf"

Mb zkoi jdziz' mp mz q~iei~dngi pk yzi d pfmb odzkb~} sdgg k~ zpmee pfi~odg mbzygdpmkb

igioibpz od i ke skkìb odpi~mdgz dz gkzp ek~osk~l' zk pfdp impfi~ bk ek~osk~l k~

kbg} kbi/zm i` ek~osk~l mz ~itym~i`"

Mp mz dgzk dùdbpdcikyz me pfmz ek~osk~l jdb jkbp~mnypi pk d zynzpdbpmdg mbj~idzi mb

pfi~odg mbzygdpmkb" Pfi zpmeebizz ke pfmz gkzp ek~osk~l fdz pk ni zyeemjmibp pk pdli jd~ike pfi gdpi~dg moqdjpz j~idpi` n} ~doombc"

Pfi mbbi~ gide jdb ni odì e~ko d`kniz k~ zkmg ngkjlz' gd~ci~ q~i/edn~mjdpi` gkdo

igioibpz' k~ zpmee qg}skk` nkd~`z' emn~i/~imbek~ji` c}qzyo nkd~`z' k~ skk`

qd~pmjginkd~`" Q~kpijpmkb ke pfi sdgg zy~edji dcdmbzp pfi igioibpz jdb ni djfmiui` n}

qgdzpi~' odzkb~} k~ pmoni~ qdbiggmbc smpf dm~ jdump}"

Pfi em~zp psk jdziz zfks db mbbi~ gide nymgp ke d`kniz k~ zkmg ngkjlz db` db kypi~~dooi` id~pf gd}i~ odì smpf gmcfpsimcfp ombi~dg gkdo sfmjf mz `m~ijpg} qgdzpi~i " Mb

pfmz jdzi pfi ek~osk~l mz kbg} ~itym~i` ek~ pfi kypi~ edji"

Mb pfi zijkb` jdzi' d zkoisfdp nippi~ zpmeebizz ke pfi mbbi~ d`kni k~ zkmg ngkjl gide mz

dppdmbi` `yi pk pfi nkb`mbc qdppi~b mb pfi jkoqkbibpz"

Mb pfi zijpmkb zfksb kb pfi ~mcfp' pfi gkzp ek~osk~l mz kb pfi kypzmì db` mz odì e~ko

zpdnmgmzi` gmcfpsimcfp zkmg ngkjlz"


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^igdpi` `~dsmbcz

95


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Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Smpf p~d`mpmkbdg ek~osk~lz' pfi

nkd~`z kb nkpf zmìz d~i fig`

dqd~p db` liqp pkcipfi~

n} zqdji~z" Pfizi zqdji~z

qmi~ji pfi sdgg' jdyzmbckqibmbcz pfdp oyzp ni emggi`

mb depi~ ~iokudg ke ek~osk~l"

Ek~osk~lz smpfkyp

mbpi~oi`md~} zqdji~z sfmjf d~i

n~dji` kb nkpf zmìz ~itym~i dgkp ke zqdji db` fmbì~ zmpi

okuioibp"

D z}zpio smpf ui~} pfmb pibzmgi zqdji~z &0 v 5 oo- qibip~dpmbc pfi sdgg fdz

niib ìuigkqi`"

Ek~osk~l ek~ jy~ui` sdggz mz dgzk qkzzmngi "

Smpf d zqijmdg ek~osk~l' ~kybì` jk~bi~z db` jy~ui` sdggz jdb dgzk ni

ek~oi`"

Mb k~ i~ pk jkoqgipig} igmombdpi pfmz `mzdùdbpdci' zqdji~/e~ii z}zpioz fdui

niib ìuigkqi`"

kbi/zpk~i}/fimcfp qdbigz' smpf sm pfz ke yq pk >"0 o' mb d jkbpmbykyz ~doombc

q~kjizz" Pfmz pijfbmtyi dukm`z fk~mxkbpdg hkmbpz' db` pfi ui~pmjdg hkmbpz pfdp kjjy~

d~i jgkzi` kbg} depi~ pfi zf~mbldci mz jkoqgipi"

Ek~ gdpi~dg zpdnmgmp}' pfi ui~pmjdg hkmbpz d~i odì mb d pkbcyi/mb/c~kkui qdppi~b"


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^igdpi` `~dsmbcz

93

5:" 59"50"

5:" Ybmp j~idpi` n} ui~pmjdg ek~osk~l

50/59" Q~kjizz zfksmbc ui~pmjdg ek~osk~l ek~ ~dooi` id~pf


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Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Jy~ui` sdggz d~i bkp

qkzzmngi"

Jk~bi~ hybjpmkbz d~i

`meemjygp pk ni odì"

Mbzygdpmkb ek~ jgmodpmj

ud~mdpmkbz"

Qdppi~bz kb sdggz

Zkoi qkpibpmdg oipfk`z ek~ odlmbc gkdo sdggz smpf moq~kui` pfi~odg mbzygdpmkbz

d~i nimbc ìuigkqi`"

smpf d zpdnmgmxi~' pfi q~kjizz

mz d nmp ok~i jkoqgmjdpi`

db` ivqibzmui

îdzkbz ek~ d``mbc d zpdnmgmxi~ ed~ kypsimcf bkp' dz mp zqii`z pfi jkbzp~yjpmkb

q~kjizz' moq~kuiz `y~dnmgmp}' dggksz pfmbbi~ sdggz' db` ~itym~iz gizz ke d zy~edji

p~idpoibp"

Me d zpdnmgmxi~ fdz niib d`ì` &izqijmdgg} jioibp-' gmepmbc pfi sdgg oyzp nicmb

mooi`mdpig} pfi~idepi~"

Qgdzpi~mbc d ~dooi` id~pf

sdgg

D ~dooi` id~pf sdgg ~itym~iz gizz gdnky~ db` odpi~mdg mbqypz ek~ zy~edji p~idpoibp

jkoqd~i` pk sdggz odì yzmbc kpfi~ id~pf jkbzp~yjpmkb pijfbmtyiz"

Dz d ~ygi' mp mz bimpfi~ bijizzd~} bk~ dùmzdngi pk qgdzpi~ d ~dooi` id~pf sdgg" Me

pfi zy~edji mz zqkbci` smpf d okmzp eigp p~ksig mooi`mdpig} depi~ `mzodbpgmbc pfiek~osk~l' pfib d zokkpf zy~edji mz idzmg} q~k`yji`' kbi pfdp od} ni qdmbpi` k~

sdggqdqi~i` &mb jdziz mbukgumbc mbpi~mk~ sdgg zy~edjiz-"

Me ivpi~mk~ zy~edjiz pfyz p~idpi` d~i zfigpi~i` e~ko ~dmb n} ~kke kui~fdbcz db`

dcdmbzp zqgdzfmbc n} d qgmbpf' d jkdpmbc ke qdmbp mz zyeemjmibp pk q~kpijp pfio dcdmbzp

pfi igioibpz" Jd~i zfkyg` ni pdlib pfdp jkdpmbcz bimpfi~ qiig bk~ j~djl"


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îgdpi` `~dsmbcz

96

55"

53"

34"

31"

5="

56"

55" mbzygdpi` ~dooi` id~pf sdgg zijpmkb db` umis53" Moq~mbpz kb ~dooi` id~pf sdgg odì sfmgi

j~idpmbc ek~osk~l

56" Ek~osk~l ek~ jy~ui` sdggz

5=" Ek~osk~l ek~ jm~jygd~ ybmp

31" Mbzygdpi` ~dooi` id~pf sdgg ìpdmg

34" Jk~bi~ hybjpmkbz db` jkgyobz ke ~dooi` id~pf


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îgdpi` `~dsmbcz

9=

3:" Ndpf~kko' q~mudpi ~izmìbji mb Ldzzig' Ci~odb}

30" Ni`~kko' q~mudpi ~izmìbji mb Ldzzig' Ci~odb}

39" Gkdo sdggz dz qd~pmpmkbz

35" D``mpmkbdg mbzygdpmkb yzmbc fkziz emggi` smpf gmcfpsimcfp gkdo

33" Qgdzpi~mbc gkdo sdggz

3>" Zp~ds jgd} ek~ sdggz

3:"

30"

39"

35"


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NYMG@MBC Q^KJIZZ Jkbzp~yjpmkb&jkn-

Q~kngio Zkgypmkb

Skk` `kizbp d`fi~i pk

gkdo zy~edjiz nijdyzi ke

zf~mbldci mzzyiz sfib pfi

gkdo mz sip db` iuib depi~

`~}mbc' zk kbi fdz pk `ipdmgkyp pfi

thesis on earth architecture

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