thesis daw
TRANSCRIPT
USB FILE COPIER
___________
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering, LSPU-SCC
Santa Cruz, Laguna
___________
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Engineering Research I
1st Semester, A.Y. 2009-2010
___________
Submitted By:
Calma, Carlito Jr. M.
Dela Torre, Don Michael C.
Male, John Kenneth M.
Date Submitted:
July 24, 2009
Introduction
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is the newest bus designed by an ATX
class system; it is intended to connect peripheral devices like keyboards,
mouse, a modem, and sound cards to the microprocessor through a serial
data path and a twisted pair of wires. It is also designed to allow peripherals
to be connected without the need to plug expansion cards into the computer
sockets and also to improve plug-and-play capabilities by allowing devices to
be hot-swapped, meaning that the systems do not need to be powered down
before connection or disconnection. (Wikipedia,2009)
Universal Serial Bus came into life when a group of 7 companies:
Compaq, Digital Equipment, IBM, Intel, Microsoft and Northern Telecom
decides to form a specifications to merge legacy connectivity such as RS232,
Printer port, PS2 port into a single common connector to the Personal
Computer. These improvements include offering devices the option to be
powered by the host (with a maximum power consumption of 500mA per
physical connector) and releasing of Version 1.0 of the USB specifications
delivered on 15 January 1996. Version 1.0 specifies 2 forms of signaling
transfer rate: Low Speed (1.5Mbits/sec) and the Full Speed (12Mbits/sec).
The motivation of differentiating two transfer speed was to maintain the
low-cost implementation of computer peripherals such as keyboards and
mice, and, still allow higher speeds devices such that printers and scanners to
be able to use the same serial bus. The physical layers were layered with the
protocol layer. The protocol layer divides the bus time into several priorities of
Control, Interrupt, Bulk and Isochronous transfer. This protocol is handled
through a combination of hardware and software on the Personal Computer
as discussed in
Opening a Universal Serial Bus device that is inserted to the USB port
of a computer is an easy to learn task because it is just a plug and play
device. Having a computer, which already has drivers and guide on how to
operate USB devices can be done even by a common student, however
designing a new device with embedded drivers and display without the use of
a computer is an interesting and challenging project. Designing out of nothing
will likely be reading a several books for the first time.
Background of the Study
The flexible magnetic disk, or diskette (-ette is a diminutive suffix),
revolutionized computer disk storage in the 1970s. Diskettes, which were
often called floppy disks or floppies by English speaking users, became
ubiquitous in the 1980s and 1990s in their use with personal computers and
home computers, such as the Apple II, Macintosh, MSX 2/2+, Amstrad CPC,
Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3, Commodore 64/128, Atari ST, Amiga and IBM PC
compatibles, to distribute software, transfer data, and create backups.
Before hard disks became affordable, floppy disks were often also
used to store a computer's operating system (OS), in addition to application
software and data. Most home computers had a primary OS (and often
BASIC) stored permanently in on-board ROM, with the option of loading a
more advanced disk operating system from a floppy, whether it be a
proprietary system, CP/M, or later, DOS.
But because of a low storage capability, the Universal Serial Bus was
invented. On July 24, 2002 Netac Technology was granted a highly-contested
Chinese patent for the USB flash drive.[8]
In 2004 Trek Technology brought several lawsuits against other USB
flash drive manufacturers and distributors in an attempt to assert its patent
rights to the USB flash drive. A court in Singapore ordered competitors to
cease selling similar products[9] that would be covered by Trek's patent, but a
court in the United Kingdom revoked[10] one of Trek's patents in that country.
Modern flash drives have USB 2.0 connectivity. However, they do not
currently use the full 480 Mbit/s (60MB/s) the USB 2.0 Hi-Speed specification
supports due to technical limitations inherent in NAND flash. The fastest
drives currently available use a dual channel controller, although they still fall
considerably short of the transfer rate possible from a current generation hard
disk, or the maximum high speed USB throughput.
CPU is the one who are all liable in transferring files, but it is not
practical to the computer user to rent or go to the front of computer every time
they need to transfer their data to another storage device. Now, the new
method of transferring data will be easier and fast by using USB File Copier.
Theoretical Framework
- USB Copying Files- Files and USB File- Software Transferring Data Copier
Input Process Output
The figure shows the transferring of data or files from one flash drive to
another data storage device by using the USB Copier Device. The flash drive
is connected to the USB port of the device in order to transfer the files that
can be seen on the screen of the LCD. And when the data was chosen, the
USB File Copier will automatically transfer the file/files.
Statement of the Problem
The USB File Copier, using a flash memory or a flash disk is becoming
a popular device. It is used by MP3 players, digital cameras and others. The
device was carefully designed to help all flash disk users.
It has been a problem to every user of flash disk to look for a computer
to plug in their USB devices just to get the needed data. Aside from waste of
time, it consumes a bigger rate of power bill, which in fact USB device just
needs 3.3V to 5V.
And the worst, if there is an urgency to copy a certain file or files and
blackout/power interruption occurs.
Hypothesis
If there is no existing computer as a medium to copy files from the
USB, USB File Copier would be in demand device.
File Copier is a cool gadget that will be useful and that will benefit
anybody. Files can be easily transferred and copied to the desired file
storage.
This device serves and gives another convenient way in storing data
from the USB to another file storage device, by simply plugging the Flash
drive to the port and instantly copied. And using this device, anyone can
experience enjoyment in modern life.
Significance of the Study
The USB File Copier was developed to maintain the low-cost
implementation of computer peripherals and it has the capability of
transferring data that is suited for the necessity of the following:
Students
This device can help in saving files of the reports, projects and
academic requirements in easier way without the use of computer.
Instructors
This discovery can help mitigate the time of transferring records of
grades and can help to teach its function.
Computer Users
This study can help to minimize the cost of computer rentals and will
give them the opportunity to copy their files freely.
School
The functions of this newly device can help the quality of teaching in
electronic discoveries and experimentations.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
- The device transfers data from the source USB disk to its destination disk, it
also copies and deletes file individually.
- The USB host controller used was SL811hs with a capacity of 256-byte and
supports 12Mbps at full speed.
- It uses a PIC18f242 microcontroller for handling a program and processes.
USB devices, such as Source and Destination Flash, communicate its
transaction using the protocol for file system FAT 32.
- Hardware part is generally contains two pieces of USB controller
(SL811HS), one microcontroller (PIC18F242), four push button, one Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD), and power supply for microcontroller(5 Volts) and USB
controller(3.3 Volts).
- Power source is either 9 volts of adopter or 9 volts of battery, it uses LM
7805 to regulate a 5 V supply for the PIC18F242.
- Crystal oscillator is the heart of PIC18F242 and SL811HS for
communication and synchronization to the USB Flash disk.
USB DIGITAL MICROSCOPE
___________
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering, LSPU-SCC
Santa Cruz, Laguna
___________
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Engineering Research I
1st Semester, A.Y. 2009-2010
___________
Submitted By:
Calma, Carlito Jr. M.
Dela Torre, Don Michael C.
Male, John Kenneth M.
Introduction
Nowadays digital technology is rapidly getting widespread. Digital
devices such as laptops, cellular phones, MP3's and other innovative gadgets
have already revolutionized the daily activities of mankind which evidently the
product of the present information era.
The word digital comes from the same source on the word digit and
digitus (the Latin word for finger, as fingers are used for discrete counting.
The word digital is most commonly used in computing and electronics,
especially where real-world information is converted to binary numeric form
as in digital audio and digital photography. Such data-carrying signals carry
electronic or optical pulses, the amplitude of each of which represents a
logical 1 (pulse present and /or high) or a logical 0 (pulse absent and/or low).
(Wikipedia,2009)
A digital system is a data technology that uses discrete values
represented by high and low states known as bits. Although digital
representations are discrete, the information represented can be either
discrete, such as numbers, letters or icons, or continuous, such as sounds,
images and other measurements of continuous systems.
Digitalization has already proven its wide application to various
instruments being used in certain fields including the Biomedical Engineering,
whereas, the main objective is to apply the modern technology to medicine
either for medical, surgical or observational purposes.
Finally, the digitalized microscope or simply digital microscope has
come up with this project with portable abilities, being packed into a handy file
storage known as USB digital microscope drive. This device with digital
microscopy as its added main function could have a greater advantage and
has easier accessibility for transferring of information in observing specimen
in file format. This all purpose USB Digital Microscope provides unmatched
features and flexibility suiting a broad range of applications with advance
image processing and webcam capabilities.
Background of the Study
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the microscope went through a time
of several mechanical improvements that increased the stability and
facilitated a mooth focus and magnification. Among other things developed
during this time to improve the microscope was the creation of microscope
stages and slides in order to place and secure the sample to be examined.
Also, the development of objective lenses improved and controlled the
magnification and resolution of the sample. All these mechanical
improvements were added in conjunction with the new sampling techniques
that include the addition of water and chemicals to enhance the view of the
sample, as well as to stain the sample lead to the production of a high quality
clear image. The ability of this new microscope to create such images caught
the attention of the scientific community and society in general. The
microscope became very popular once again, but this time it underwent a
high-volume, low-cost, mass production.
The microscopes were still popular in the early 1900’s. There was not
much change in the fundamental basics of the microscopes during this time;
however there was a standardization of the parts as a result of the high
demands of supplies during the World War I. Among the first standardizations,
we find that most microscopes were made out of cast-iron with a blackened
finish and the eyepiece had been standardized into a short tube of 23mm
diameter. There were many varieties of microscope manufactured during the
1900’s, but most of them had the same general parts as seen in the picture to
the left.
Now, the first digital microscope was made by a lens company in
Tokyo, Japan in 1986. This company is now know as Hirox Co LTd. Hirox's
main industry is digital microscopes, but still makes lenses. Hirox's current
digital microscope systems are the KH-7700 and the KH-1300. The KH-7700
system has such features as 3D rotation and High Dynamic Range. Shortly
after the invention of the digital microscope, a digital sensor company in
Osaka, Japan created a digital microscope. This company is now known as
the Keyence Corporation. Keyence offers digital automated sensors, barcode
readers, industrial laser markers, laser displacement sensors, optical
micrometers, digital microscopes, and confocal laser scanning microscopes.
With the invention of the USB port, there came a flood of digital
microscopes that connected directly to the computer. This invention has
resulted in numerous companies creating some form of USB digital
microscope that range in quality and magnification. They continue to fall in
price, especially compared with conventional microscopes. The digital
microscope continues to evolve as the technology improves.
Theoretical Framework
- USB (2.0) Magnification, USB Digital Interface Capturing of Microscope - Software Images - Camera
Input Process Output
This figure shows the USB Digital Microscope. This microscope is
capable of digital still image capture as well as motion digital video capture. It
magnifies of capture images by the operator which is connected to the USB
port on the personal computer of laptop.
Statement of the Problem
USB Digital Microscope is made for the user to have an easier and fast result
in terms of observing micro organisms.
When using a compound light microscope (a scope with two sets of
lenses) students frequently become discouraged after the object they are
trying to view can’t be found at all or repeatedly disappears from view every
time the scope is switch to a higher objective magnification. The following is a
troubleshooting guide for diagnosing and correcting problems commonly
associated with finding and focusing on microscopic objects. And it demand
source of light to set the right contrast which can affect the visibility of the
micro organisms.
There is no guarantee that the person who last used the microscope
properly cleaned it after use. The longer objective lenses (400xTM and
1000xTM) can easily become covered with stain or other liquid that dries and
obscures the view. And when magnification is increased by switching to a
higher power objective lens, the field of view (the area of the specimen in
view) gets smaller.
Hypothesis
If USB Digital Microscope will be used in research and observing micro
organisms, then the world of capturing and motion monitoring of micro
organisms is much easier and fun.
USB Digital Microscope allows you to capture some incredibly high
quality images and video and display them on your PC using a simple USB
connection. With only using Digital Microscope, users can zoom in the image
that they want to capture even if it is too small.
By using this device, it is not possible to see the behavior of the micro
organisms that even the young ages can experience it.
Significance of the Study
The USB Digital Microscope was developed to provide unmatched
features and flexibility suiting a broad range of applications with advance
image processing and webcam capabilities that are beneficial to the following:
Students
This project can help in performing laboratory experiments for them
whenever there is a need for microscopic digital photography image capture.
Instructors
This project can be used as a tool for teaching when in times of their
laboratory classes.
School
This project will give more quality to their educational teaching.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
- USB Digital Microscope is a handheld device with stand
- It is a portable device providing remarkable picture and video quality
- It is a cost effective and an innovative way to discover, capture and
share still images and videos.
- Allows viewing images live on the computer monitor or capturing
images.
- Consist of a color zoom CMOS video camera that is mounted in
microscope style housing.
- The system connects to the computer via the USB port and
microscope images are viewed on your computer screen or monitor.
- Uses an interface which is USB 2.0
- It has magnification range up to 200 times
PORTABLE MULTIGADGET PROJECTOR
___________
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering, LSPU-SCC
Santa Cruz, Laguna
___________
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Engineering Research I
1st Semester, A.Y. 2009-2010
___________
Submitted By:
Calma, Carlito Jr. M.
Dela Torre, Don Michael C.
Male, John Kenneth M.
Introduction
Today, the primary use of projection technology is for creating large flat
displays that provide a shared viewing experience for presentations or
entertainment applications. While research projects have explored the
powerful ability for projected light to create illusions that can reshape our
perception and our interaction with surfaces in the environment, very few of
these systems have had success in terms of commercial and consumer
adoption.
A projector takes a signal and projects the corresponding image on a
projection screen using a lens system. All projectors use a very bright light to
project the image, and most modern ones can correct any curves, blurriness,
and other inconsistencies through manual settings. Projectors are widely
used for conference room presentations, classroom training, home theatre
and live events applications. Projectors are widely used in many schools and
other educational settings, connected to an interactive white board to
interactively teach pupils. (Wikipedia,2009)
Part of this limited adoption can be attributed to the lack of practicality
in the cost-of-operation due to the complexity of installation and reliability of
execution. Often these systems require expert knowledge to perform system
setup and calibration between the projected image and the physical surfaces
to make these illusions effective.
By unifying the image projection and location tracking technologies,
many of the difficult calibration and alignment issues related to interactive
projection and projected spatial augmented reality applications can be
eliminated simplifying their implementation and execution. Furthermore, by
creating a hybrid visible light and infrared light projector, a single calibration-
free device can perform invisible location tracking of input devices while
simultaneously presenting visible application content. I present a detailed
description of the projector-based location discovery and tracking technique,
a description of three prototype implementations, and a demonstration of the
effectiveness of this simplification by re-implementing, and in some cases
improving upon, several location-sensitive projector applications that have
been previously executed using external calibration and tracking
technologies.
Background of the Study
The first idea of projecting an image on a surface was envisioned in a
drawing by Johannes de Fontana in 1420. It was a sketch of a monk holding
a lantern. In the side of the lantern, there was a small translucent window that
had an image of a devil holding a lance. The image, probably drawn on a thin
sheet of bone, was projected onto a wall by the flame in the lantern. Without a
lens, the image on the wall would have been very blurry.
But the idea had provided inspiration to develop a projection model
that would really work. Several people caught that inspiration, and any one of
them could’ve been the actual inventor of the projector – it just depended who
you asked and what country you were in.
In the mid 1990s, with scientists and engineers working hard, a new
technology was created that eventually led to the first multimedia projector.
The newest technology of the day was digital processing. Applying digital
principals to projectors allowed the development of digital light processing
(DLP). DLP technology, created by Texas Instruments, takes the reflective
power of more than 1.3 million microscopic mirrors, and hinges them on a
digital micromirror device (DMD) chip. The first DLP projectors produced
grainy images, but the technology has greatly improved since then, and now
the brightest images ever can be produced in a multimedia machine.
Another demand came from the “road warrior”, a term coined for the
traveling salesman or corporate businessman. They needed a machine that
would allow them to give professional, quality presentations, wherever they
were. So their projectors needed to be very small and lightweight, while still
featuring exceptional image clarity and brightness.
And back at the home-office, there was a great demand for advanced
meeting-room technology. Professionalism was the key to a good meeting,
and professional equipment was called for. Many manufacturers heard this
call – and the battle was on! From this point on, multimedia projectors were
the battleground for many companies and their continuing technological
breakthroughs.
Theoretical Framework
-Projection of- Files from camera, the files of diff. Portable Multi- Mp3, Ipod and gadgets gadget Projector
laptop - LCoS method
Input Process Output
The figure shows the projection of files from different compatible devices.
Projector can easily read the files from camera, mp3, Ipod and laptop which
are compact with information that will be shown in a screen presentation.
The process of LCoS method is the primary reason of projection that
results the output light signal which are the information from different devices.
When you put the gadget on the hub of the projector, the system will
automatically processed the file and will have the output light signals shown
on the screen.
Statement of the Problem
One of the main reason of ignorance is the lack of knowledge about
the information happened either in our society or environment. Sometimes,
the person can not afford to realized things because of not motivated in
learning. However, they tend to do more things than listening to the one who
discussed the topics presented on the screen because of lack and
uninterested information.
The problem in listening existed when the visuals are not enough. This
idea is come up in order to improve the capability of the listeners especially
the students to be more updated with the knowledge.
By the use of improved projector, the listeners can have the
enthusiasm to learn because it can able to project the information on the
screen with enough knowledge.
Hypothesis
The Portable Multigadget Projector may help to contribute in more
interesting presentation and analysis of important information. If the projector
were compact of useful application, it may have to motivate the interest of the
listeners. It may also contribute to the array of gadgets and technology in
terms of its functions and compatibility.
The newly invented projector is a device which may widen the
knowledge of the students because the information can easily understand by
means of enough visuals that they seen on the screen. It may have the good
effect in the motivation of the students to learn and strive more about the
topics.
Considering the business industry, it may help the company to promote
the quality and improvement of their business transactions because they had
enough information to present about their business proposals that can
entertain their clients. If the presentation is well presented to the client, it may
have the possibility for them to accept the business proposal of the company.
Significance of the Study
The Portable Multigadget Projector was developed for the
implementations of gathering knowledge in more interesting way that is
needed for the motivation of the following:
Students
This discovery can help in presenting the reports and thesis projects. It
can help them to learn more knowledge that is necessary for understanding
the major topics discussed by the reporter or teachers.
Instructors
This device can be use in teaching and presenting information about
the topics and can help to easily understand the lesson that they discussed.
Company
This project can help in promoting their products to their clients and
presenting them the proper information that they need to advertised for
maximizing the profit and improving the business status of the company.
School
This study can help to improve the quality of teaching of education and
can able to prepare students more compact with the knowledge for their
future careers.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
- The focus of projection is manual
- The lamp source from LED is 3W
- The lamp life is over 20,000 hours
- Brightness of light is ANSI / 10-15 lumens
- Resolution of projection on the screen is 640*480 pixels (VGA)
- Screen size projection is 50 centimeter to 1.5 meter
- With built in speaker of 1watt stereo
- The color of reproduction is full 16,7 million colors
- Power source is DC 5V, 2.5 ampere, AC 100-240 V and 50 -60 hertz
Abstract
The primary use of projection technology today is for creating large flat
displays that provide a shared viewing experience for presentations or
entertainment. While the field of computer graphics has explored the power
projected light has to create illusions that can reshape our perception of and
interaction with surfaces in the environment, very few of these systems have
had success in terms of commercial and consumer adoption. Part of this
market place failure can be attributed to the lack of practicality in the cost-of-
operation due to their complexity of installation and reliability of execution.
Often these systems require expert knowledge to perform system setup and
calibration between the projected and the physical surfaces to make these
illusions effective. Additionally, costly external tracking systems may be
needed to support input. In this thesis, I present a technique for inherently
adding object location discovery and tracking capabilities to commercial
projectors. This is accomplished by introducing light sensors into the
projection area and then spatially encoding the image area using a series of
structured light patterns. This delivers a unique pattern of light to every pixel
in the projector's screen space directly encoding the location data using the
projector itself.
By unifying the image projection and location tracking technologies,
many of the difficult calibration and alignment issues related to projector-
based augmented reality applications can be eliminated simplifying their
implementation and execution. Furthermore, by creating a hybrid visible light
and infrared light projector, a single calibration-free device can perform
invisible location tracking of input devices while simultaneously presenting
visible application content. In this thesis, I present a detailed description of the
projector-based location discovery and tracking technique, a description of
three prototype implementations I created, and a demonstration the
effectiveness of this simplification by implementing several location-sensitive
projector applications.
Abstract
The Flash to Flash Data Copier device transfers and deletes any kind
of file. It comprises USB ports,
USB host controller, and microcontroller. The device transfers data from the
source USB disk to its destination disk, it also copies and deletes file
individually. The USB host controller used was SL811hs with a capacity of
256-byte and supports 12Mbps at full speed. It also uses a PIC18f242
microcontroller for handling a program and processes. USB devices, such as
Source and Destination Flash, communicate its transaction using the protocol
for file system FAT 32.
On the other hand, the main software used assembly language to
directly control the IC’s and for faster execution of commands. Aside from
copying and deleting a file individually, the Flash to Flash Data Copier is user
friendly because it has LCD to visualize the processes that occur while the
user is using the device. Also, the device has individual ports for source and
destination disks. The capacity of data that can be transferred is limited to
32KB because the memory of the device that the researchers used was not
enough to support the operation so it is suggested that as long as the file
header is less than the data to be copied else it will be corrupt, it is suggested
that a device with a higher memory should be used for freely sending back
and forth of data. Further study uses Bulk-Only Transport Protocol to
accommodate the specification of USB Mass Storage Devices.