thermo-catalytic reforming of waste biomass
TRANSCRIPT
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming of Waste Biomass
Dr. Lais Galileu Speranza
Dr. Miloud Ouadi
Professor Andreas Hornung
TCR© (Thermo-Catalytic Reforming)
1. Catalytic Pyrolysis
Feedstock
2. Post Reforming
3. Vapour Treatment
Char
Oil
Water
Gas
450oC /10 min
700oC
TCR© Animation
TCR© (Thermo-Catalytic Reforming)
Solution for:
– Off Grid Rural Communities
– Islands
– Forests
– Aviation Fuel
Waste generation and Energy demand
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/when-will-we-hit-peak-garbage-7074398/
Flexibility of feedstock
50 different types of waste biomass feedstocks
TCR© (Thermo-Catalytic Reforming)
Advantages:
– Flexibility of feedstock
– Flexibility of scale (modular)
– Quality and reproducibility of products
– Competitively low costs (capital and running)
Validated at TRL - 4/5
Integrated Process
Syngas
Biochar
Oil
+
… or animal grease, glycerol, other fats,
oils and waxes
Plastics waste
Municipal biowaste
Industrial biowaste
Agricultural residue
Bio-Activated Cracking (BAC)
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR®)
Chemical precursors
Fertilizer
Fuels
Heat
Power
H2 Hydrogen
+
Products Percentage yield of TCR products (wt.%)
30 %
Energy
Products - Syngas High hydrogen content;
– Water-gas shift reaction
HHV = 17.23 MJ/Nm3
Directed to:
– Pressure Swing Adsorption
Hydrogen separation
– Combined Heat & Power Generation
H2 36%
CO 12%
CO2 21%
CxHy 6%
CH4 14%
N2 11%
Syngas composition
Products - Biochar
Free of volatile organics
Comparable to anthracite coal
Uses:
– Gasification fuel purposes
Deliver a tar free synthesis gas
– Fertilizers (feedstock source)
Products - TCR oil
Miscible with fossil/bio fuels
Low tar content and acidity
Low fraction of non-volatiles
Products - TCR oil
GCMS spectrum
– Chemically similar to lighter distillation fraction of fossil oils
– High abundance of de-oxygenated aromatic compounds
Favourable physical properties:
– Low acid number
– Low viscosity
– High heating value
– Low oxygen content
– Low H2O content
Feedstock Variability
Units Digestate Sewage
Sludge
De-inking
Sludge MSW
Hygiene
Products
Paper
Rejects
C Wt% 76.6 74.9 81.9 81.1 87.6 84.2
H Wt% 7.7 6.9 9.0 7.3 8.1 7.9
N Wt% 2.2 8.3 1.4 1.7 0.3 0.5
S Wt% 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.2 <0.1 0.1
O* Wt% 11.2 6.2 6.7 6.5 3.9 7.0
Water Wt% 1.7 2.7 0.7 3.2 0.1 0.2
Ash Wt% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.1
HHV MJ/Kg 33.9 34.3 39.2 37 39.3 40.2
LHV MJ/Kg 32.5 32.8 37.3 35.4 37.5 38.5
Density Kg/m3 1060 950 940 950 950 1000
Viscosity cSt 40 8 6.5 6.5 1.7 2.5
TAN MgKOH/g 4.9 4.4 5.1 2.8 0.8 1.3
Chemical and Physical properties of TCR-oil produced from
various feedstocks
Diesel
Via HDO
Property Units TCR-HDO oil
Diesel Fraction
Fossil
Diesel
EN590 Diesel
Standard
Min Max
Cetane Number 51 54 51 >51
Cetane Index 47 >46 46 >46
Density @ 15°C Kg/m3 840 842 820 845
Arenes % (m/m) 0 4 0 8
Sulphur mg/kg 10 0 0 10
Flash Point °C +86 67 55 >55
Ash % (m/m) <0.005 <0.1 0 0.01
Water mg/kg 55 <0.1 0 200
Copper Corrosion
@ 50°C Class Class 1 Class 1 Class 1 Class 1
Lubricity @ 60°C µm 196 165 0 460
Viscosity @ 40°C mm2/s 2.85 3.3 2 4.5
Cold Filter
Plugging Point °C -11 -
-20
(Winter)
0
(summer)
Volume @ 250°C 54 <65 0 <65
Volume @ 350°C 92.7 >85 85 >85
95% (v/v)
remainder °C 360 360 0 360
Higher Heating
Value MJ/Kg 42.5 42.5 - -
Total Acid Number Mg
KOH/g 0 0 - -
Phosphorus mg/kg 0 0 - -
Alkaline Earth
Metals (Ca+Mg) mg/kg 0 0 - -
Jet Fuel Multi Feedstock Integrated Refinery Hub
Organic Solid Waste
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming
Hydro Deoxygenation
Hydro Cracking & Isomerisation
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Combined Heat & Power Generation
Biochar /Fertilizer
Jet Fuel Power
Biocrude oil
Power & heat
Hydrogen
Syngas
Ta
il gas
Diesel
Gasoline
EPSRC Project (Methyl Furan Production from Waste Biomass)
Since 2014
1.2 M GBP
2 Kg/h TCR Reactor
Products of the TCR
H2020 Project (To-Syn-Fuel)
Since 2014
14.4 M Euro
300 Kg/h TCR Reactor
To-Syn-Fuel
T-ERA Project (Mobile TCR Demonstrator)
Since 2016
650 K GBP
30 Kg/h TCR Reactor with BAC (Bio-Activated
Cracking) function
Joint Research Platform
References University of Birmingham - Fraunhofer Joint
Research Platform Launch
– https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/energy/even
ts/Birmingham-%E2%80%93-Fraunhofer-Joint-Research-
Platform-Launch-Event.aspx
Susteen Technologies
– http://www.susteen-tech.com/overview.html
Publications
– J. Neumann et al. Upgraded biofuel from residue biomass
by Thermo-Catalytic Reforming and hydrodeoxygenation
(2016)
– Ouadi, M., et al. Thermo-Catalytic Reforming of municipal
solid waste. Waste Management (2017)
Thank You!
Lais Galileu Speranza
Miloud Ouadi
Andreas Hornung