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TRANSCRIPT
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. I.C ENGINES PERFORMANCE TEST (4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
2. I.C ENGINES HEAT BALANCE
3. ECONAMICAL SPPED TEST (4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE)
4. PERFORMANCE TEST ON RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR
5. PORT TIMING DIAGRAM OF A 2-STROKE PETROL ENGINE
6. VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF A 4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
7.. DIS-ASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF A ENGINE.
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I.C ENGINES PERFORMANCE TEST (4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE)
AIM:
To conduct performance test on 4-Stroke diesel engine (Single cylinder) and to
draw the following graphs.
1. B.P Vs S.F.C
2. Mechanical efficiency Vs B.P
3. B.P Vs Indicated thermal efficiency
4. B.P Vs Indicated thermal efficiency
5. Air fuel Ratio Vs B.P
6. Air fuel Ratio Vs S.F.C
THEORY:
The Test Ring consists of Four-Stroke Diesel Engine, to be tested for
performance, is connected to Rope Brake Drum with Spring Balace (Mechanical
Dynamometer) with Exhaust Gas Calorimeter. The arrangement is made for the
following measurements of the Set-up :
1) The Rate of Fuel Consumption is measured by using the pipette reading againt the
known time.
2) Air Flow is measured by Manometer connected to Air Box.
3) The different mechanical loading is achieved by operating the spring balance of
dynamometer in steps.
4) The different mechanical energy is measured by spring balance and radius of
brake drum.
5) The Engine Speed (RPM) is measured by electronic digital RPM Counter.
6) Temperature at different points is measured by electronic digital Temperature
Indicator.
7) Water Flow Rate through the engine & calorimeter is measured by Watermeter.
The whole instrumentation is mounted on a self – contained unit ready for table
operation.
PROCEDURE:
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1. Check the diesel in the diesel tank.
2. Allow diesel, start the engine by using hand cranking.
3. The engine is set to the speed of 1500 RPM.
4. Apply load from the spring balance of dynamometer.
5. Allow some time so that the speed stabilizes.
6. Now take down spring balance readings.
7. Put tank valve in to pipette position and note down the time taken for
particular quantity of fuel consumed by the engine.
8. Note down the temperature readings at different points.
9. Note down the water readings.
10. Repeat the procedure (4)&(7) for different loads.
11. Tabulate the readings as shown in the enclosed list.
12. After the experiment is over ,keep the diesel control valve at mains position.
OBSERVATIONS:
Engine
Speed
in
RPM
Spring
balance
Readings
Fuel
pipette
readings
Caloriemeter
Water
Temperature
Engine head
water
temperature
Exhaust gas
temperature
Air
inlet
Air flow
Manometer
readings in
mm of
water
Water
flow
rate
in
lpm
―F1‖
In
Kgs
―F2‖
In
Kgs
In
Ml
Time
in
Secs.
Inlet
T2°C
Outlet
T3°C
Inlet
T1°C
Outlet
T2°C
Inlet
T4°C
Outlet
T5°C T6°C
1 2(a) 2(b) 3(a) 3(b) 4(a) 4(b) 5(a) 5(b) 6(a) 6(b) 7 8 9
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CALCULATIONS
1.FUEL CONSUMPTION IN Kg/Hr
WF = dingsoftablereabColumn
dingsoftablereaaColumn
)3(
)3( x 3.06
2. ENGINE OUT PUT” BHP”:
BP= 4500
)( 2 21 rFFN KW
Where, N- Speed of engine in RPM
r—Radius of brake drum in mts =0.185 mt
F1&F2- Force indicated on spring balance in KGs
3.SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION (SFC):
SFC = BHP
WF Kg/BHP. Hr
4. FUEL HP(THERMAL HORSE POWER),
FHP= 4500 X 60
J x C x W VF
Where, Cv = Calorific value of diesel= 10000 K.Cal /Kg
J= Mechanical equivalent of heat=427 kg.m / K.Cal
5. PERCENTAGE THERMAL EFFICIENCY.
% η th = FHP
BHP x 100
6. AIR CONSUMPTION IN Kg/ Hr ‘Wa’
Wa = 0.6 x A0 x Va x 1.29 x 60 x 60
Where, Ao = Area of the orifice in m2
= 4
d2
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Where d= Dia.of the orifice in m = 0.015 mt
Va = 1]-)[( x 1000)(h 2g awm/
Where g = 9.81 m/ sce2
hm = Manometer reading in mm (column 5)
ρw = Density of water = 1000 Kg/ m3
ρa = Density of air = 1.29 Kg/ m
3
7.AIR TO FUEL CONSUMPTION RATIO.
Air to fuel consumption ratio = F
a
W
W
RESULT;
Performance test on 4-Stroke diesel engine(Single cylinder) is conducted and the
following graphs are plotted.
1. B.P Vs S.F.C
2. Mechanical efficiency Vs B.P
3. B.P Vs Indicated thermal efficiency
4. B.P Vs Indicated thermal efficiency
5. Air fuel Ratio Vs B.P
6. Air fuel Ratio Vs S.F.C
Sl.NO
Engine
RPM
―N‖
Fuel
Consumed
―Wf‖
In Kg/Hr
Air
Consumed
―Wa‖
In Kg/Hr
Air to Fuel
Ratio
―Wa / Wf‖
Engine
output
―BHP‖
Specific fuel
consumption
―SFC‖
Fuel HP
―FHP‖
Brake % η
thermal
efficiency
1
2
3
4
5
6
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I.C ENGINES HEAT BALANCE
AIM:
To conduct performance test on 4-Stroke diesel engine(Single cylinder) and to
check the heat balance of I.C engine.
THEORY:
The Test Ring consists of Four-Stroke Diesel Engine, to be tested for
performance, is connected to Rope Brake Drum with Spring Balance (Mechanical
Dynamometer) with Exhaust Gas Calorimeter. The arrangement is made for the
following measurements of the Set-up :
1) The Rate of Fuel Consumption is measured by using the pipette reading against
the known time.
2) Air Flow is measured by Manometer connected to Air Box.
3) The different mechanical loading is achieved by operating the spring balance of
dynamometer in steps.
4) The different mechanical energy is measured by spring balance and radius of
brake drum.
5) The Engine Speed (RPM) is measured by electronic digital RPM Counter.
6) Temperature at different points is measured by electronic digital Temperature
Indicator.
7) Water Flow Rate through the engine & calorimeter is measured by Wattmeter.
The whole instrumentation is mounted on a self – contained unit ready for table
operation.
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PROCEDURE:
1. Check the diesel in the diesel tank.
2. Allow diesel, start the engine by using hand cranking.
3. The engine is set to the speed of 1500 RPM.
4. Apply load from the spring balance of dynamometer.
5. Allow some time so that the speed stabilizes.
6. Now take down spring balance readings.
7. Put tank valve in to pipette position and note down the time taken for particular
quantity of fuel consumed by the engine.
8. Note down the temperature readings at different points.
9. Note down the water readings.
10. Repeat the procedure (4)&(7) for different loads.
11. Tabulate the readings as shown in the enclosed list.
12. After the experiment is over ,keep the diesel control valve at mains position.
OBSERVATIONS:
Engine
Speed
in
RPM
Spring
balance
Readings
Fuel
pipette
readings
Caloriemeter
Water
Temperature
Engine head
water
temperature
Exhaust gas
temperature
Air
inlet
Air flow
Manometer
readings in
mm of
water
Water
flow
rate
in
lpm
―F1‖
In
Kgs
―F2‖
In
Kgs
In
Ml
Time
in
Secs.
Inlet
T2°C
Outlet
T3°C
Inlet
T1°C
Outlet
T2°C
Inlet
T4°C
Outlet
T5°C T6°C
1 2(a) 2(b) 3(a) 3(b) 4(a) 4(b) 5(a) 5(b) 6(a) 6(b) 7 8 9
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CALCULATIONS:
1.FUEL CONSUMPTION IN Kg/Hr
WF = dingsoftablereabColumn
dingsoftablereaaColumn
)3(
)3( x 3.06
2. ENGINE OUT PUT” BHP”:
BP= 4500
)( 2 21 rFFN KW
Where, N- Speed of engine in RPM
r—Radius of brake drum in mts =0.185 mt
F1&F2- Force indicated on spring balance in KGs
3.SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION (SFC):
SFC = BHP
WF Kg/BHP. Hr
4. FUEL HP(THERMAL HORSE POWER),
FHP= 4500 X 60
J x C x W VF
Where, Cv = Calorific value of diesel= 10000 K.Cal /Kg
J= Mechanical equivalent of heat=427 kg.m / K.Cal
5. PERCENTAGE THERMAL EFFICIENCY.
% η th = FHP
BHP x 100
6. AIR CONSUMPTION IN Kg/ Hr ‘Wa’
Wa = 0.6 x A0 x Va x 1.29 x 60 x 60
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Where, Ao = Area of the orifice in m2
= 4
d2
Where d= Dia.of the orifice in m = 0.015 mt
Va = 1]-)[( x 1000)(h 2g awm/
Where g = 9.81 m/ sce2
hm = Manometer reading in mm (column 5)
ρw = Density of water = 1000 Kg/ m3
ρa = Density of air = 1.29 Kg/ m
3
7.AIR TO FUEL CONSUMPTION RATIO.
Air to fuel consumption ratio = F
a
W
W
8.. TABLE OF CALCULATIONS.
Sl.NO
Engine
RPM
―N‖
Fuel
Consumed
―Wf‖
In Kg/Hr
Air
Consumed
―Wa‖
In Kg/Hr
Air to Fuel
Ratio
―Wa / Wf‖
Engine
output
―BHP‖
Specific fuel
consumption
―SFC‖
Fuel HP
―FHP‖
Brake % η
thermal
efficiency
1
2
3
4
5
6
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9. HEAT BALANCE SHHET ON MINUTE BASIS:
1. Heat supplied in fuel = Fuel consumed in Kg/min x Cv
=60
10000x W F K.Cal / min-------------------I
2. Heat carried away by engine head cooling water
= mw x Cw x (T1-T2) K.Cal / min------------------------II
3. Heat carried away by calorie meter water
= mw x Cw x (T3-T2) K.Cal / min------------------------III
4. Heat carried away by the exhaust gasses
=mg x Cp x [T5-T4] K.Cal / min------------------------IV
mg = Mass of gas = Wa + WF
5.Radiation & un Accounted = I-[ BHP+ II + III+IV] K.Cal/min—V
RESULT:
Heat balance sheet is as follows
CREDIT Kilo
Calories % DEBIT
Kilo
Calories %
Heat
supplied in
fuel
100
1.Brake power
BHP
I
BHPx 100
2.Engine head water
II
I
IIx 100
3.Calorie meter water
III
I
IIIx 100
4.Exhaust gasses
IV
I
IVx 100
5.Radiation and unaccounted
( by difference) V I
Vx 100
100 100
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ECONAMICAL SPPED TEST (4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE)
AIM:
To conduct economical speed test on 4-Stroke diesel engine(Single cylinder)
THEORY:
The Test Ring consists of Four-Stroke Diesel Engine, to be tested for
performance, is connected to Rope Brake Drum with Spring Balance (Mechanical
Dynamometer) with Exhaust Gas Calorimeter. The arrangement is made for the
following measurements of the Set-up :
1) The Rate of Fuel Consumption is measured by using the pipette reading against
the known time.
2) Air Flow is measured by Manometer connected to Air Box.
3) The different mechanical loading is achieved by operating the spring balance of
dynamometer in steps.
4) The different mechanical energy is measured by spring balance and radius of
brake drum.
5) The Engine Speed (RPM) is measured by electronic digital RPM Counter.
6) Temperature at different points is measured by electronic digital Temperature
Indicator.
7) Water Flow Rate through the engine & calorimeter is measured by Water meter.
The whole instrumentation is mounted on a self – contained unit ready for table
operation.
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PROCEDURE:
1. Check the diesel in the diesel tank.
2. Allow diesel, start the engine by using hand cranking.
3. The engine is set to the speed of 1500 RPM.
4. Apply load from the spring balance of dynamometer.
5. Allow some time so that the speed stabilizes.
6. Now take down spring balance readings.
7. Put tank valve in to pipette position and note down the time taken for
particular quantity of fuel consumed by the engine.
8. Note down the temperature readings at different points.
9. Note down the water readings.
10. Repeat the procedure (4)&(7) for different loads.
11. Tabulate the readings as shown in the enclosed list.
12. After the experiment is over ,keep the diesel control valve at mains position.
OBSERVATIONS:
Engine
Speed
in
RPM
Spring balance
Readings Fuel pipette readings
Air flow Manometer readings
in mm of water
―F1‖
In Kgs
―F2‖
In Kgs In ml Time in Secs. H1 H2
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CALCULATIONS
1.FUEL CONSUMPTION IN Kg/Hr
WF = dingsoftablereabColumn
dingsoftablereaaColumn
)3(
)3( x 3.06
2. ENGINE OUT PUT” BHP”:
BP= 4500
)( 2 21 rFFN KW
Where, N- Speed of engine in RPM
r—Radius of brake drum in mts =0.185 mt
F1&F2- Force indicated on spring balance in KGs
3.SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION (SFC):
SFC = BHP
WF Kg/BHP. hr
4. FUEL HP(THERMAL HORSE POWER),
FHP= 4500 X 60
J x C x W VF
Where, Cv = Calorific value of diesel= 10000 K.Cal /Kg
J= Mechanical equivalent of heat=427 kg.m / K.Cal
5. PERCENTAGE THERMAL EFFICIENCY.
% η th = FHP
BHP x 100
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6. AIR CONSUMPTION IN Kg/ Hr ‘Wa’
Wa = 0.6 x A0 x Va x 1.29 x 60 x 60
Where, Ao = Area of the orifice in m2
= 4
d2
Where d= Dia.of the orifice in m = 0.015 mt
Va = 1]-)[( x 1000)(h 2g awm/
Where g = 9.81 m/ sce2
hm = Manometer reading in mm (column 5)
ρw = Density of water = 1000 Kg/ m3
ρa = Density of air = 1.29 Kg/ m
3
7. AIR TO FUEL CONSUMPTION RATIO.
Air to fuel consumption ratio = F
a
W
W
RESULT;
Economical speed test on 4-Stroke diesel engine(Single cylinder) is conducted. From
the graph economical speed of engine is---------------RPM @---------HP
Sl.NO
Engine
RPM
―N‖
Fuel
Consumed
―Wf‖
In Kg/Hr
Air
Consumed
―Wa‖
In Kg/Hr
Air to Fuel
Ratio
―Wa / Wf‖
Engine
output
―BHP‖
Specific fuel
consumption
―SFC‖
Fuel HP
―FHP‖
Brake % η
thermal
efficiency
1
2
3
4
5
6
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PERFORMANCE TEST ON RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR
AIM:
To study the working of double stage air compressor and determination of volumetric
efficiency, mechanical efficiency.
THEORY:
When the motor is started, air is sucked from the atmosphere through the
inlet air filter and orifice meter and compressed in the LP Cylinder. The hot and
compressed air is colled in the intercooler and again compressed in the HP
Cylinder.Finnally, high pressure air passes into air receiver tank through after coller and
non-return valve.
The compressor motor unit consists of a AC motor. The AC motor body
frame is mounted on trunnion bearing which swivels on application of load/torque on the
motor. The torque/load developed is measured at the torque arm of 0.2m using a spring
balance. The encoders (speed pick-ups) are provided for both motor and compressor
shafts for measurement of RPM. A toggle switch and digital RPM indicator are provided
in the control panel
The control console consists of digital speed indicator, temperature
indicator, double column manometer for air flow measurement, pressure gauges for
pressure rise measurement after each stage separately,energy meter to measure electrical
input to the motor. The neccssary mains ‗ON‘ indicators and switches are provided for
completeness of the instrumentation.
The complete unit is built-in. Foundation is not neccssary for installation
of the test rig. The pressure tappings and temperature sensors after each stage are
connected to pressure gauges and indicators in the control panel. Air volume measuring
chamber with orifice of 15mm diameter is fixed beneath the control console and tappings
connected to double column manometer for air intake measurements.
PROCEDURE;
1. Release the pressure of air fully from tank, if previously pressurized.
2. Check zero level in the double column.
3. Switch –ON the mains and observe the light indicators ON.
4. Keep the outlet valve closed.
5. Switch-ON the starter and allow motor to run full speed.
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6. As the pressure in the receiver tank increases , set the pressure by obtaining the
delivery valve to 1,2,3 Kg/ cm2
as observed from the pressure gauge and note the
readings.
7. Note down the flow rate manometer readings at different pressures.
8. Note down pressure after LP cylinder, after HP cylinder, temperatures after LP
cylinder, after inter cooler , after HP cylinder and at the inlet.
9. Note down the energy meter reading, speed and air temperature.
10. Tabulate the above readings as shown.
11. Stop the compressor and release the pressure from the tank after the experiment is
completed.
OBSERVATIONS:
T1= Air inlet temperature
T2= After first stage
T3=After inter cooler
T4=After second Stage
E.M Constant=150 Rev/ KWH
Orifice Dia=15mm
Torque arm=0.2m
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Sl.
No
P1(LP)
Pressure
after first
stage in
Kg/ cm2
P2(HP)
Pressure
after
second
stage in
Kg/ cm2
Energy
meter
reading
No.of
revns./
Time
in
Secs.
Air flow
across
Orifice in
mm of
water
hw
RPM of
compre
ssor
RPM
of
motor
Swinging field
Spring balance
readings inKg
Temperature
Points
T1 T2 T3 T4
1
2
3
4
5
CALCULATIONS:
1. Density of Air at 30° C (δa) = 1.293 Kg/ m3
2. Water Density (δw) = 1000 Kg/ m3
3. Acceleration due to gravity,g = 9.81 m/sec2
4. Orifice diameter = 15 mm
5. Co-efficient of discharge of orifice, Cd= 0.64
6. Torque arm distance = 0.2m
7. INPUT TO COMPRESSOR =Energy meter reading
=150
5 x
736
60 x 60 x
t
1000 hp
( where ‗t‘ is time in Secs.for 5 revns)
8. COMPRESSOR OUTPUT = 736
H Q Wa
Where, Wa = 1.293 Kg/ m3
= 12.68 N/ m3
H(Head in meters of water) = Wa
P x 10
4
‗P‘ is read on after HP cylinder pressure in Kg/ cm2
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‗Q‘(Flow rate) = Cd A aH g 2 m3/ sec
‗A‘ (Area of orifice) = 4
x d2
= 1.766 x 10 -4
m2
Ha = 1000
hw1
a
w = 0.772 hw
Q = 0.62 x1.766 x 10 -4
m2 x wh 0.772 x 9.81 x 2
Q = 4.2612x10 -4
x wh
Where hw = Head measured in mm of water across orifice plate.
9. % EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSOR (MECHANICAL)
% η compressor = input Electrical
output Compressor x 100
10. SWEPT VOLUME OF PISTON (LP) = Area of Piston x Stroke
Vs1= 4
x (0.07)2 x 0.085 = 3.2711 x 10
-4 m
3
11. SWEPT VOLUME OF PISTON (LP) = Area of Piston x Stroke
Vs2= 4
x (0.05)2 x 0.085 = 1.6689 x 10
-4 m
3
Vs = Vs1+ Vs2
12. ACTUAL AIR SWEPT
Va = compressor of RPM
60 x Q m
3
13.VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
% η V = s
a
V
V x 100
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Sl.No Electrical
Input in
HP
Discharge
Q
In m3/sec
―H‖
In mts
of air
Compressor
Output in
HP
Theoretical
swept
volume
Actual
swept
volume
%
efficiency (Mechanical)
%
volumetric
efficiency
1
2
3
4
5
RESULT:
Volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency of double stage air compressor is
calculated.
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PORT TIMING DIAGRAM OF A 2-STROKE PETROL ENGINE
AIM:
To draw the port timing diagram of a 2-stroke petrol engine by studying given out
section model
THEORY:
Port timing diagram is a graphical representation of exact model is the
sequence of operations at which inlet exhaust and transfer port open and closes as well as
firing of fuel. It is generally exposed in terms of angular position of crank shaft.
In theoretical port timing diagram of 2-stroke petrol engine. The fuel is
fired at A i.e., spark advances takes places from TDC to BDC at B both inlet & exhaust
ports are open and motion as well as exhaust port are takes place from B to C position
moves first to BDC and then slightly upwards to ‗C‘. Both the plate‘s parts are closed and
compression takes place from C to A. The crank shaft revolves through 1200
appproximately and piston moves to TDC in 2-stroke engine crank revolves through 3600
In actual port timing diagram the expansion of the change starts as
position of piston moves from TDC towards BDC first of all burnt gases leaving the
cylinders after a small revolution of crank revolution. The transfer port also opens and
fresh fuel air mixture center into engine cylinder now piston reaches BDC and then starts
moving up wards. As crank moves a little and BDC. The first transfer port closes and
then exhaust port closes. Now the change is compressed with both parts closed & then
ignited with help of spark plug before the end of compression stroke. This is done as the
change required same time to ignite by the time position reaches to TDC. The burnt
gasses push the position downwards with fire and the expansion of burnt gasses takes
place opens and close at equal angle on either side of BDC position.
TPC: Transfer port closed 640 after BDC
EPC: Exhaust port closed 830
after BDC
EPO: Exhaust port opens 680
before BDC
TPO: Transfer port opens 480 before BDC
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PROCEDURE:
1. First observe the various parts of a 2-stroke petrol engine at given section model
2. Now set up the pointer which placed on the flywheel to 00 and position at BDC
3. Slowly move the flywheel after some time before reaching TDC. Then inlet port
opens measure of angle at which pointer shows
4. The inlet port opens at 300 before TDC. now position reaches TDC and BDC the
inlet valve closes 700
before BDC
5. The spark advance takes places 450
before TDC the exhaust port closes at800
after BDC and transfer port closes at 600 after BDC
6. Now position moves from TDC towards BDC suction and compression starts in
previous stroke which the piston reaches BDC. And again inlet port closer at 700
before BDC
7. Transfer port is closed at 600
after BDC and and exhaust port closes at 800
after
BDC
RESULT:
1. Scavenging suction process covered =
2. Compression process covered=
3. Expansion process covered=
4. Exhaust process covered=
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VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM OF 4-STROKE DISEL ENGINE
AIM:
To draw the valve timing diagram of 4-stroke engine by studying the cut section
model
THEORY:
1. The Theoretical valve timing diagram for 4-stroke diesel engine is shown in
figure. In this the diagram inlet valve opens at A.
2. The solution takes place from A to B. The crank shaft revolves through 1800 &
the piston moves from TDC to BDC.
3. It B the inlet valve closes and the compression revolves through 1800
and the
piston moves from BD to TDC.
4. A ‗C‘ the fuel injection takes places i.e. injection valve opens and fuel is fixed by
the compression
IVO: Inlet Valve open
IVC: Inlet valve close
FVO: Fuel valve open
FVC: Fuel valve close
EVO: Exhaust valve open
EVC: Exhaust valve close
PROCEDURE:
1. Observe the various parts of4-stroke diesel engine and various strokes of engine.
After this set the pointer at flywheel at zero
2. Now position at BDC on moving slowly the flywheel inlet valve opens before the
position reaching to TDC. Reading are noted
3. Inlet valve opens before TDC and after slowly moved flywheel in the same
direction. The position reaches TDC and then BDC
4. After BDC the inlet valve closes note the position of the inlet valve closes 130
after BDC
5. Slowly move the flywheel in same direction after closing of inlet valve suction
stroke is completed
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6. Exhaust valve is opens at 350 before BDC exhaust valve closes 8
0 after TDC.
Same time exhaust stroke completes and cycle is completed
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Readings should be taking without parallax error
2. Observe carefully the valves are closed or in open
RESULT:
The valve timing diagram of 4-stroke diesel engine is studied with the help of given
cut section model
1. Suction covered =
2. Compression covered =
3. Expansion covered =
4. Exhaust covered =
5. Overlap =
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DIS-ASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF A ENGINE.
AIM:
To study the procedure for dis-assembly and assembly of a specific engine by
making a practical trail on it.
THEORY: The main parts of any engine are,
Cylinder Block:
1. It forms the basic frame work of the engine.
2. It houses the engine cylinders.
3. Serves as bearing or support and guides the piston reciprocating in it.
4. Block contains passengers for circulation of cooling water and lubricating oil.
There are two types of rings
a) Compression ring
b) Oil control ring
Connecting rod:
It connects the piston with the crank shaft thus facilitative the transmission
of power combustion chamber to the crank shaft it also converts the reciprocating motion
of the piston into rotary motion of crank shaft.
Fly wheel:
The fly wheel absorbs the energy power source and gives out this energy the other
3-strokes keeping the crank shaft rotating at uniform speed through out.
Cam shaft :
A shaft is responsible for opening the valves on addition the crank shaft operates.
Cylinder head:
1. The head is a mano block casting.
2. It contains spark plug notes and cooling water Sackets, valve opening
mechanism is mounted.
3. Complete valve opening mechanism is mounted on the head.
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Piston:
The top of the piston is called head or crown it may be either done are may
specially to form a desired shape of combustion chamber jointly with the cylinder block.
Piston pin:
It provides a seal b/w the piston fuel pump. Oil pump and distributor valves.
Valves:
These are accurate by the cams which in turn are operated by crank shaft and
perform following functions.
PROCEDURE FOR ENGINE DIS-ASSEMBLY.
For dis-assembly the engine,it should be mounted in a suitable stand.Engine dis-
assembly is carried out in a sequence as follows and engine is out of the vehicle and all
the accessories have been removed and oil has been drained.
Remove water pump.
Remove exhaust manifold
Remove oil filter
Remove water outlet fitting
Remove thermostat
Remove crank shaft pulley
Remove oil pump
Remove crank case ventilation valve
Remove rocker arm assembly
Remove cylinder head.
Remove oil pan.
Remove piston rod and connecting rod.
Remove timing gear cover.
Remove front end plate.
Remove fly wheel housing.
Remove fly wheel, clutch
Remove crank shaft.
Remove exhaust valve and springs.
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Remove cam shaft, valve tappers.
Remove oil gallery plugs.
PROCEDURE FOR ENGINE DIS-ASSEMBLY.
First clean the cylinder block with fresh oils. Piston is connected to connecting
rod with gudge pin .This piston have the piston rings.
After fixing the rings piston is inserted in to the cylinder block with help of ring
compressor.
These rings are fitted in the piston grooves with help of calipers.
The crank shaft has been placed on the bottom of the cylinder block the
connecting rod is connected to its crank.
The fly wheel is attached to the crank shaft one side.
On the other side of the crank shaft timing gear is fitted. It is for valve operating.
This equipment is placed on the sump of the engine.
After fixing on the sump the cam shafts are fitted in the cylinder head in the inlet
valve & exhaust valves are fitted with help of G-clamp
To this cylinder the intake manifold and injectors are fitted one side.
Other side of the cylinder head the exhaust manifold is fitted.
Fill the sump with new oil.
After fill up the oil the water pump is fitted.
The thermostat is also fitted to this engine then the re assembly of the given
engine is completed.
RESULT:
Thus the procedure of the assembling of a engine is studied and recorded.
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