thermal & catalytic conversion

8/18/2019 Thermal & Catalytic Conversion

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SECONDARYPROCESSING :

• THERMAL

CONVERSION• CATALYTIC

CONVERSION



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SECONDARY PROCESSING :

Adalah proses lanjuan erhadapprodu! dar" #ra!s" $"n%a! &u$" 'has"ld"s"llas"() &erujuan unu!

$en"n*!a!an n"la" a$&ah $aupun$en"n*!a!an !on+ers" dan re,o+er%$"n%a! &u$"- .en"s/jen"s Proses :

Ther$al Con+ers"on Pro,essesCaal%", Con+ers"on Pro,ess



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THERMAL CONVERSION PROCESSES

Adalah proses de/!o$pos"s"',ra,!"n*( h%dro,ar&on padae$peraur "n**" seh"n**aer&enu! $aer"al den*an 0eraMole!ul %an* le&"h rendah-CATALYTIC CONVERSION PROCESSES

Adalah proses peru&ahan ju$lah,ar&on ',ra,!"n* $aupun re#or$"n*(h%dro,ar&on $elalu" $e!an"s$erea!s" den*an &anuan ,aal%s-



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.en"s proses %an* er$asu! her$al,on+ers"on :

Ther$al ,ra,!"n*

V"s&rea!"n*

Co!"n*



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Ther$al ,ra,!"n*

o sea$ ,ra,!"n*

V"s&rea!"n*o Con+en"onal +"s&rea!"n*

o Soa!"n* +"s&rea!"n*

Co!"n* :o Dela%ed Co!"n*

o 1lu"d Co!"n*

o 1le2" Co!"n*




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Proses A,"on Tujuan 0ahan0a!u

Produ!

Sea$

,ra,!"n*

De,o$pos""o

n

Cra,! lar*e

$ole,ules

A$ospher",

o3er hea+%#uel4d"s"llae

Cra,!ed

naphha),o!e)res"duals

V"s&rea!"n* De,o$pos""on

Redu,e+"s,os"%

A$ospher",o3er

res"dual

D"s"llae

Co!"n* Pol%$er"5a"on

Con+er+a,uu$

res"duals

Res"dual)hea+% o"l)

ar

Naphha)*as o"l) ,o!e




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VISBREAKING :

Proses "n" &erujuan unu! $enurun!an +"s,os"asdan pour po"n &ahan &a!u-

COKING :Proses "n" &erujuan unu! $en*has"l!an ,o!e'!o!as( dar" rea!s" pol"$er"sas" !ondensas"-



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Rea!s" pada Ther$al ,on+ers"on4,ra,!"n* :

Cn H2n+2 → Cn – 2H2n – 3 + C2 H5

Cracking Reactivity :

n-Paraffin > Isoparaffin > cycloparaffin > Aromatic > Naphtene



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THERMAL CRACKING :

Deskripsi Proses:

Pe$anasan #eed

1ra!s"nas" produ!

Furnace

Cr. Residu

Cr. Residu

Gasoil

Gasoline

Furnace

Hvy Distilate

Furnace

Cr. Residu

Gasoil

Gasoline

Kondisi Operasi : ! "5# – 5## C

$ield% &v.

'. Res. (. Res

C1 – C" " 2

C5 – 1)5 C *.5 "

1)5 – 35# C 23.5 12

ott. (,rtr "5 -

ott. Fract. 1 *2

LR

SR



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CONVENTIONAL VISBREAKING :

Deskripsi Proses :

/e0anasan eed

(oaking dg ,erorated ,late

Fraksinasi va,our ,roduk

Kondisi Operasi :

! "# – "# C

/ ! 15 – 22 kgc02g

$ield% &v.

Gas 1.

4a,ta 3.1

'G6 13.2

HG6 2.#

Residue 55.#



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SOAKER VISBREAKING :

Deskripsi Proses : /e0anasan eed

(oaking dg ,erorated ,late


Kondisi Operasi :

! ""# – ")# C

$ield% &v.

Gas 1.

4a,ta 3.1

'G6 13.2

HG6 2.#

Residue 55.#



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SOAKER VISBREAKING :



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COKING :

Deskripsi Proses :

/e0anasan eed er0al cracking

/oli0erisasi

Kondisi Operasi :

! "*# – 52# C

/ ! 1" – 2) kgc0

2

g

$ield% &v.

Gas 13.24a,ta 11.1

'G6 31."

HG6 -

Coke "".3

Reaksi : 1. er0al cracking : C1#H22 -7 C*H18 + C2H58

2. /oli0erisasi condensasi :

9 C"H* + y C2H) + C3H) -7 ;ro0atic tar



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COKING :

Produ! Co!e dar" Pro,ess ,o!"n* selanjun%ad"proses d" Cal,"n"n* 6n" unu! $en*has"l!an

*reen ,o!e %an* &an%a! d"*una!an pada "ndusr"ele,roda) 7ller) dll



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CATALYTIC CONVERSION PROCESSES

Adalah proses peru&ahan ju$lah ,ar&on',ra,!"n*( h%dro,ar&on $elalu" $e!an"s$erea!s" den*an &anuan ,aal%s-

.en"s proses %an* er$asu! ,aal%", ,on+ers"on : Caal%", Cra,!"n*

H%dro Cra,!"n*



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Proses A,"on Tujuan 0ahan0a!u Produ!

Caal%",,ra,!"n*

Alera"on 6p*rade*asol"ne

Gas o"l) ,o!ed"s"llae

Gasol"ne)pero,he$",al

H%dro,ra,!"n* H%dro*ena"on Con+er ol"*her

h%dro,ar&on

Gas o"l),ra,!ed o"l)

res"duals

L"*her)h"*her 8ual"%

produ,s

CATALYTIC CONVERSION PROCESSES



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Cracki! Ca"a#$s" :

Adalah &ahan pada den*an s"#a asa$-

Rea!s" erjad" pada per$u!aan seh"n**ad"perlu!an poros"as "n**"

Ko%posisi Ca"a#$s" :

9aal"s naural : erd"r" dar" s"l",a dan alu$"nasera &ahan la"n dala$ ju$lah !e,"l- Se&a*"an&ahan erse&u &"sa $erusa! dala$ !ond"s"l"n*!un*ann%a-

9aal"s s"ne"! : er&ua dar" &ahan/&ahan $urn"dan d"!onrol !eaBe"&k Ca"a#$s" :

0er&enu! pele den*an d"a$eer $$

0end '$an"!/$an"!() sera po3der '&u&u!(



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Perac&a ' Deac"i(asi Ca"a#$s" :

D"ra,un" oleh lo*a$ 'or*ano$eal( %an*erdapa dala$ &ahan &a!u

Dea,"+as" oleh *ara$ 'NaCl(

Ca"a#$s" A!i! :

9eh"lan*an !ea!"#an ,aal%s a!"&a er!enalan*sun* sea$ 'uap( pada e$peraur "n**"-

Ha)#i! Ca"a#$s" :

;- 1"2ed 0ed 'un**un eap(

<- Mo+"n* &ed 'un**un &er*era!(

=- 1lu"d"5ed 0ed 'un**un er>u"d"sas"(

- On,e hrou*h



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9ARA9TERISTI9 PENTING 1EED CAT-

CRAC9ING:

S* 'spe,"7, *ra+"%( : se$a!"n "n**" oAPI #eeda!an le&"h $udah d"ren*!ah

0o"l"n* ran*e : se$a!"n &esar 0M le&"h $udahd"ren*!ah) le&"h ,enderun* $e$&enu! ole7n-

Car&on res"due : !ena"!an ,ar&on a!an

$en%e&a&!an !ena"!an e$peraur re*eneraorMeals : !ena"!an ju$lah *as h%dro*en danole7n-



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CATALYTIC CRACKING :

Deskripsi Proses :

Cracking < Regenerasi


'igt =nd (e,aration

$ield% &v.

C1 – C" 22.

Crack 4a,ta "5.*

'C6 < HC6 15.*

Clariied 6il .5

Coke *.#

R9 Rg

e0,% C "# - 5"# 5# – )1#

/ress% k/a 232 22



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CATALYTIC CRACKING :



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HYDRO CRAC9ING :Adalah proses %an* $e$pun%a" #e!s"&"l"as"n**" dan dapa $e$produ!s" produ!/produ!den*an selan* %an* le&ar dan %"eld "n**"

H%dro,ra,!"n* d"*una!an unu! $e$proses&ahan dasar %an* $urah) %an* a! dapad*una!an unu! #eed Caal%", Cra,!"n* danre#or$"n* !arena !andun*an lo*a$) n"ro*en

dan &eleran* %an* "n**"



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REA9SI HYDRO CRAC9ING :

Reaksi ydrocracking /arain :

R – CH2 – CH2 – R + H2 R – CH3 + R-CH3

Reaksi ydrodealkilasi :

- CH2-R + H2 + R – CH3

Reaksi Hydrodesiklisasi

+ H2 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 - CH2 – CH2 – CH2

Reaksi Samping :

a. Deko0,osisi :

R(H + H2 RH + H2(

R4H2 + H2 RH + 4H3

RCH26H + H2 RCH3 + H26

>. Hydrogenasi :

C – C ! C – C + H2 C – C – C – C – C

+ H2



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HYDRO CRACKING :

Deskripsi Proses :

/e0anasan eed

Reaksi ydrocracking


Kondisi Operasi :

! 2)# – "2 C

/ ! 3# - 2## ?gc02

$ield% &v.

Gas 2.* 3.3

C1 – C" ).3 ".

4a,ta 1. 1.*3

?ero 3.* -

Gasoil - .3"



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HYDRO CRACKING :

thermal & catalytic conversion

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