Chapter 26: The Great Depression and the New Chapter 26: The Great Depression and the New DealDeal

Section 3: Life During the DepressionSection 3: Life During the DepressionSection 4: The Effects of the New DealSection 4: The Effects of the New Deal

There were a lot of problems in the There were a lot of problems in the country in the 30’s – more than just country in the 30’s – more than just

moneymoney Even the weather Even the weather

was horrible.was horrible. Lots of tornados, Lots of tornados,

earthquakes, earthquakes, hurricanes, hurricanes, droughts, dust droughts, dust storms, floods, storms, floods, etc….etc….

The Great Plains was called “the The Great Plains was called “the Dust Bowl”Dust Bowl”

There was very little There was very little rain for a while.rain for a while.

Winds picked up the Winds picked up the dry dirt and blew it dry dirt and blew it all over the place. all over the place.

Crops, homes, and Crops, homes, and lives were ruined.lives were ruined.

The worst place was The worst place was probably Oklahoma.probably Oklahoma.

It was just a tough time to liveIt was just a tough time to live

People didn’t have jobs People didn’t have jobs (25-35% unemployment (25-35% unemployment rates)rates)

Many people didn’t Many people didn’t even have food.even have food.

People lost their homes.People lost their homes. Many people lived on Many people lived on

the streets, under the streets, under bridges, in homemade bridges, in homemade shacks, etc.shacks, etc.

Many teens would just Many teens would just leave home – wither to leave home – wither to get a job or just so they get a job or just so they wouldn’t be a burden wouldn’t be a burden on their parents.on their parents.

Women who had jobs Women who had jobs were pressured to give were pressured to give them up – to men. them up – to men.

Eleanor Roosevelt and other Eleanor Roosevelt and other women tried to help any way they women tried to help any way they

could.could. More women held More women held

government jobs than government jobs than ever before.ever before.

There was even There was even women in the women in the presidents cabinet for presidents cabinet for the first time.the first time.

One of them (Frances One of them (Frances Perkins) worked on a Perkins) worked on a minimum wage law, minimum wage law, child employment child employment laws, and laws, and unemployment unemployment compensation)compensation)

Some others who tried to help Some others who tried to help out Roosevelt were his “Brain out Roosevelt were his “Brain

Trust”Trust” This was a group of This was a group of

advisors who gave advisors who gave him all kinds of him all kinds of help with what he help with what he wanted to do – and wanted to do – and what he did do.what he did do.

There’s more about There’s more about this on the bottom this on the bottom of page 14 in your of page 14 in your packets.packets.

He also tried to influence the Supreme Court He also tried to influence the Supreme Court

by trying to add more judges by trying to add more judges (who’d of course, go along with what he (who’d of course, go along with what he

wanted)wanted) It was called his It was called his

“court-packing” “court-packing” planplan

Page 15 in your Page 15 in your packets has packets has extra extra information information about this.about this.

There were a lot of people that There were a lot of people that thought Roosevelt just had too thought Roosevelt just had too

much powermuch power

FD Roosevelt also included more FD Roosevelt also included more African Americans in governmentAfrican Americans in government

But he didn’t push for But he didn’t push for new civil rights laws.new civil rights laws.

Many Mexican Many Mexican Americans were part of Americans were part of the New Deal Programs the New Deal Programs (CCC, WPA, etc…), but (CCC, WPA, etc…), but some went back to some went back to Mexico.Mexico.

Native Americans were Native Americans were actually given “some” actually given “some” land back – and the land back – and the “Indian Arts and Crafts “Indian Arts and Crafts Board” was developed Board” was developed to promote native artsto promote native arts

People who lived through the depression People who lived through the depression were often affected by it the rest of their were often affected by it the rest of their

lives.lives.

Many were afraid they Many were afraid they could lose any money could lose any money and property they and property they had.had.

One effect of the One effect of the DepressionDepression

Big governmentBig government A lot of new A lot of new

government government programs started at programs started at this time. this time.

The government The government even went into even went into debt to pay for debt to pay for some of these some of these programs.programs.

People and politicians still have debates People and politicians still have debates over over

what role government should play in our what role government should play in our lives.lives.

Democrats are more Democrats are more likely to be likely to be “liberals” “liberals” (35/38)(35/38)

emphasizes individual rights emphasizes individual rights and equality of opportunity. and equality of opportunity. Liberals are generally united Liberals are generally united by their support for a number by their support for a number of principles, including of principles, including extensive freedom of thought extensive freedom of thought and speech, limitations on the and speech, limitations on the power of governments, the power of governments, the rule of law, the free exchange rule of law, the free exchange of ideas, a market or mixed of ideas, a market or mixed economy, and a transparent economy, and a transparent system of government.system of government.

Republicans are more Republicans are more likely to be likely to be “conservatives” (36/39)“conservatives” (36/39)

Opposition to rapid change in Opposition to rapid change in governmental and societal governmental and societal institutions. Emphasizes institutions. Emphasizes process (slow change) over process (slow change) over product (any particular form product (any particular form of government). To the of government). To the classical conservative, classical conservative, whether one arrives at a whether one arrives at a right- or left-leaning right- or left-leaning government is less important government is less important than whether change is than whether change is effected through rule of law effected through rule of law rather than through rather than through revolution and sudden revolution and sudden innovation.innovation.

You don’t want to write that definition? Then… wait just a little longer

People and politicians still have debates People and politicians still have debates over over

what role government should play in our what role government should play in our lives.lives.

Democrats are more Democrats are more likely to be likely to be “liberals” “liberals” (35/38)(35/38)

Wants action to bring Wants action to bring about social and about social and economic changeseconomic changes

Liberals are Liberals are sometimes said to be sometimes said to be “left wing”“left wing”

Republicans are more Republicans are more likely to be likely to be “conservatives” “conservatives” (36/39)(36/39)

Wants few Wants few government controls government controls and individual and individual freedom in economicsfreedom in economics

Conservatives are Conservatives are sometimes said to be sometimes said to be “right wing”“right wing”

(But, you could be a right wing democrat – or a left wing republican)

Liberals Liberals from: from:

http://homeworktips.about.com/od/politicalscience/a/liberal.htmhttp://homeworktips.about.com/od/politicalscience/a/liberal.htm For progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs. For progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs. For concepts of maximum individual freedom possible, For concepts of maximum individual freedom possible,

especially as guaranteed by law and secured by especially as guaranteed by law and secured by governmental protection of civil liberties. governmental protection of civil liberties.

For freedom of action, especially with respect to matters of For freedom of action, especially with respect to matters of personal belief or expression: a liberal policy toward personal belief or expression: a liberal policy toward dissident artists and writers. dissident artists and writers.

Free from prejudice or bigotry; tolerant: a liberal attitude Free from prejudice or bigotry; tolerant: a liberal attitude toward foreigners. toward foreigners.

When you look at the definitions of the term, you can see When you look at the definitions of the term, you can see why liberals are vulnerable to criticism. By remaining why liberals are vulnerable to criticism. By remaining favorable to the freedoms of all people—regardless of race, favorable to the freedoms of all people—regardless of race, sexual orientation, religion, and heritage, liberals become sexual orientation, religion, and heritage, liberals become easy targets. easy targets.

In favor of government funded programs, most specifically In favor of government funded programs, most specifically those that address inequalities that they view as having those that address inequalities that they view as having derived from historical discrimination. Liberals believe that derived from historical discrimination. Liberals believe that prejudice and stereotyping in society can hamper the prejudice and stereotyping in society can hamper the opportunities for some citizens.opportunities for some citizens.

For this reason, liberals have been labeled "bleeding hearts" For this reason, liberals have been labeled "bleeding hearts" and "tax and spenders" in reference to their support of and "tax and spenders" in reference to their support of public policies that address restricted access to health care, public policies that address restricted access to health care, housing, and jobs. housing, and jobs.

ConservativesConservativesfrom: from:

http://homeworktips.about.com/od/politicalscience/f/conservative.htmhttp://homeworktips.about.com/od/politicalscience/f/conservative.htm

Disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to Disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change. restore traditional ones, and to limit change.

Favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose Favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change.change.

Critics accuse some organizations of having a conservative bias Critics accuse some organizations of having a conservative bias or political slant. What does this mean?or political slant. What does this mean?

Conservative thinkers often believe that there is a right and Conservative thinkers often believe that there is a right and wrong answer in most situations, while more liberal thinkers see wrong answer in most situations, while more liberal thinkers see a lot of grey in most situations. When critics claim a a lot of grey in most situations. When critics claim a conservative bias exists, they are saying that the media is, in a conservative bias exists, they are saying that the media is, in a sense, favoring a view that they deem right or moral.sense, favoring a view that they deem right or moral.

To clarify, liberals are open to all views, regardless of opinions To clarify, liberals are open to all views, regardless of opinions about right and wrong, while conservatives take a stand on about right and wrong, while conservatives take a stand on which view is the moral view. which view is the moral view.

The definitions above indicate that conservative thinkers favor The definitions above indicate that conservative thinkers favor tradition over change and morality over behavior that they deem tradition over change and morality over behavior that they deem indecent or amoral. By claiming that a medial outlet or book has indecent or amoral. By claiming that a medial outlet or book has a conservative slant, critics are claiming that the media is a conservative slant, critics are claiming that the media is providing a specific view based on ideology.providing a specific view based on ideology.

Think that's confusing? Try Think that's confusing? Try these…these…

American liberalismAmerican liberalism Classical liberalismClassical liberalism Conservative Conservative

liberalismliberalism National liberalismNational liberalism Economic liberalismEconomic liberalism LibertarianismLibertarianism Neo-liberalismNeo-liberalism Ordo-liberalismOrdo-liberalism Paleo-liberalismPaleo-liberalism Social liberalismSocial liberalism Cultural liberalismCultural liberalism

Cultural conservatismCultural conservatism Liberal conservatismLiberal conservatism Social conservatismSocial conservatism National conservatismNational conservatism Neo-conservatismNeo-conservatism Paleo-conservatismPaleo-conservatism Libertarian Libertarian

conservatismconservatism

Some conservative media ?Some conservative media ?Anne Coulter Rush Limbaugh Ben Stein Bill Anne Coulter Rush Limbaugh Ben Stein Bill

O’Reilly O’Reilly Sean Hannity Pat Buchanan George Will Sean Hannity Pat Buchanan George Will