there are two kinds of energy sources, the renewable and nonrenewable. the most used are nowadays...
TRANSCRIPT
There are two kinds of energy sources, the renewable and nonrenewable. The most used are nowadays nonrenewable energies.
NonrenewableNuclear powerPetroleum Natural gasAtomic energyCoal
RenewableWind energySun energy Hydraulic energyBio-massGeothermalOcean energy
•Fission Energy can be obtained buy the nuclear fission process (atomic nucleus division)
•FusionNuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nucleus join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus.
Where do we get them from?
How do we turn them into energy?The conversion to electrical energy takes place indirectly, as in conventional thermal power plants: The heat is produced by fission in a nuclear reactor and given to a heat transfer fluid - usually water. Directly or indirectly water vapor-steam is produced.The pressurized steam is then usually fed to a multi-stage steam turbine. Steam turbines in Western nuclear power plants are among the largest steam turbines ever. After the steam turbine has expanded and partially condensed the steam, the remaining vapor is condensed in a condenser.The condenser is a heat exchanger which is connected to secondary side such as a river or a cooling tower. The water then pumped back into the nuclear reactor and the cycle begins again.
Pros• Nuclear power generation
does emit relatively low amounts of CO2. Therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.
• This technology is readily available, it does not have to be developed first.
• It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant.
Cons• The waste from nuclear energy is
extremely dangerous and it has to be carefully looked after for several thousand years
• High risks: It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100% security.
• A terrorist act would have catastrophic effects for all the world.
• The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years.
• It takes between 20 and 30 years to build a nuclear power plant
JapanFukushima
Petroleum is a mixing of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon)
Where do we get the petroleum from?
Its origin is fossil. It comes from de transformation of organic material which comes from zooplankton and algae placed in great quantities in the non-oxide bottom of seas or in lakes with geological past. This organic material was buried under heavy sediment layers. The chemist transformation due heat and pressure during diagenous produces in consecutives phases from bitumen to each time more light hydrocarbon (liquid and gas).These products rise to the surface as they have less density, thanks to the porosity of sedimentary rocks. When several circumstances occurs and this rising isn’t possible then oilfield are developed.
Pros• Oil is an extremely
powerful energy source when it is burned. No other fuel can move a vehicle at such speed and for such a distance as a cup of petroleum can.
• The world's economy would not function as efficiently if countries halted oil production, import and export.
• Oil is easier to mine• Oil is easier to transport• Very large amounts of
electricity can be generated in one place using oil, fairly cheaply.
Cons• Oil contributes to global warming • Burning oil releases extra carbon dioxide,
that has been stored in the earth for millions of years.
• Separating and refining oil takes a lot of energy.
• The insecurity of oil in the global financial market is a distinct disadvantage for countries that rely on oil.
• Oil is running out. • It is now harder to find and hence more
expensive.• The petroleum leads to irreversible
damage to the environment• Whenever there is an oil spill there is
usually a massive environmental disaster • Used oil is difficult to clean and recycle.
Natural gas consists primarily of methane and higher hydrocarbons such as ethane).Where do we get it from?Most natural gas is created by two mechanisms:
BiogenicBiogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills, and shallow sediments.
Thermogenic.Deeper in the earth, at greater temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material.
• How do we turn gas natural into energy?• Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must
undergo processing to remove almost all materials other than methane. The by-products of that processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, elemental sulfur, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sometimes helium and nitrogen.
• A natural gas processing plant includes various unit processes used to convert raw natural gas into sales gas pipelined to the end user markets:
4. PEAT
• Dug up from the ground in marshlands
• Burned to gain energy
• Creating heat
• Steam travels through turbines, creating energy
