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There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains We will look at each type Convergent Boundaries

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Page 1: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

There are three types of convergent plate boundaries

Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands

Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains

Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

We will look at each type

Convergent Boundaries

Page 2: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Oceanic - Oceanic

Under the ocean, one plate slides underneath another at a subduction zone

Page 3: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Oceanic - Oceanic

A deep trench forms along the contact

Page 4: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Oceanic - Oceanic

Magma wells up along the subduction zone creating volcanoes, which can form volcanic island arcs such as the Japanese Islands

Page 5: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Oceanic - Continent

An oceanic plate slides under a continental plate at a subduction zone

Page 6: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

The relative densities of the oceanic crust versus the continental crust are important:

The continental crust is lighter and has an average density of 2.8 g/cm3

The oceanic crust is heavier and has an average density 3.2 g/cm3

Therefore, the heavier oceanic crust sinks beneath the more buoyant, lighter continental crust

Oceanic - Continent

Page 7: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Oceanic - Continent

A deep trench forms along the subduction zone

Page 8: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Oceanic - Continent

The lighter continental crust is pushed up and forms a mountain range

Page 9: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Oceanic - Continent

Magma wells up along the subduction zone creating volcanoes, which adds to the size of the mountains and creates a continental volcanic arc

Page 10: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Andes MountainsThe Andes Mountains stretch over 5500 miles along the Pacific side of South America

Page 11: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Pacific Ring of Fire

Page 12: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Both continental plates are lighter than the heavier, underlying asthenosphere

So, when two continental plates collide, they are too buoyant to be subducted

Instead, the continental crust is deformed and uplifted, creating mountains such as Mount Everest

Continent - Continent

Page 13: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Why?

Because the continent of India collided with the continent of Asia

Page 14: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Continent - Continent

Page 15: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Transform Plate Boundaries

A transform fault plate boundary occurs when two plate slide past each other in opposite directions

Page 16: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Transform Plate Boundaries

The most famous example is the San Andreas Fault Zone in California

The portion of California in blue is heading northwest to Alaska

This is the most studied fault zone in the world

Page 17: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

San Andreas Fault Earthquakes

Each red dot marks an earthquake

Notice how many have occurred in California

They are not kidding when they talk about the “BIG ONE”

Page 18: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

San Andreas Fault Zone

Page 19: There are three types of convergent plate boundaries Oceanic–Oceanic Japanese Islands Oceanic–Continent Andes Mountains Continent–Continent Himalaya Mountains

Transform Plate Boundaries


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