There are a number of popular sports in India butcricketis the most popular. The country also has won eightOlympic gold medalsinfield hockey. India has hosted and co-hosted several international sporting events, including the1951and1982 Asian Games, the1987,1996and2011 Cricket World Cup, the2003 Afro-Asian Games, the2010 Hockey World Cupand the2010 Commonwealth Games. Major international sporting events annually held in India include theChennai Open,Mumbai Marathon,Delhi Half Marathon, and theIndian Masters. In 2011, India hosted its firstIndian Grand Prixat theBuddh International Circuit, an Indian motor racing circuit inGreater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.TheNational Games of Indiais a national domestic sports event, which has been held in the country since 1924. India also is home to cricket'sIndian Premier League(IPL), launched in2008. According toForbes magazine,IPLis the second-richestsports leagueafter theNBA.[citation needed]Contents[hide] 1History 1.1Before independence 1.2After independence 2Administration and funding 3India at the Olympics 3.1Medalists 4Field hockey 5Cricket 6Football 7Basketball 8Tennis 9Chess 10Ammunition sports 11Motorsports 12Badminton 13Golf 14Pitch and Putt 15Korfball 16Boxing 17Archery 18Kabaddi 19Wrestling 20Weightlifting and powerlifting 21Other sports 21.1Volleyball 21.2Floorball 21.3Rugby union 21.4Netball 21.5Handball 21.6Throwball 21.7Lacrosse 21.8American football 21.9Polo 21.10Baseball and softball 21.11Cycling 21.11.1Mountain biking 21.11.2Road Cycling/ Touring 21.12Table tennis 21.13Equestrian sports 21.14Kayaking 21.15Athletics and 20px triathlon 21.16Rock climbing 21.17Billiards and snooker 21.18Gymnastics 21.19Sepak takraw 21.20Winter sports 21.20.1Bandy 21.20.2Ice hockey 21.21Car racing 22Traditional and regional sports 22.1Gilli-danda 22.2Kancha 22.3Kite-flying 22.4Other popular regional sports 23Sports Broadcasting in India 24Sports Leagues in India 24.1Cricket Leagues 24.2Major Sports Leagues 24.3Other Sports Leagues 24.4Youth Sports Leagues 24.5Defunct Sports Leagues 24.6Proposed Sports Leagues 25See also 26References 27External linksHistory[edit]Following is a list of international sports events held in India:SportEvent NameYear/DateVenue

Multi-sport eventAsian Games1951New Delhi

Field hockeyField Hockey World Cup1982Bombay

Multi-sport eventAsian Games1982New Delhi

CricketCricket World Cup1987Multiple Venues

Multi-sport eventSouth Asian Games1987Calcutta

Multi-sport eventSouth Asian Games1995Madras

CricketCricket World Cup1996Multiple Venues

Multi-sport eventAfro-Asian Games2003Hyderabad

Field hockeyMen's Hockey Champions Trophy2007Chennai

FootballAFC Challenge Cup2008New Delhi

Multi-sport eventCommonwealth Youth Games2008Pune

Field hockeyField Hockey World Cup2010New Delhi

Multi-sport eventCommonwealth Games2010Delhi

CricketCricket World Cup2011Multiple Venues

Field hockeyMen's Hockey Champions Trophy2011(Withdrew byFIH)New Delhi

Multi-sport eventSouth Asian Winter Games2011DehradunandAuli

Motor sportsFormula One(2011 season)Indian Grand Prix(30th October 2011)Buddh International Circuit,Greater Noida

Field hockeyOlympic Field Hockey Qualification2012 Summer Olympics (London) Qualification Tournament 1New Delhi

Motor sportsFormula One(2012 season)Indian Grand Prix(28th October 2012)Buddh International Circuit,Greater Noida

CricketWomen's Cricket World Cup2013Multiple Venues

Multi-sport eventSouth Asian Games2013Delhi

Field HockeyFIH Men's Hockey World League(201214 season)2013 Round 2 (Delhi leg)New Delhi

FIH Women's Hockey World League(201214 season)2013 Round 2 (Delhi leg)

Motor sportsFormula One(2013 season)Indian Grand Prix(27th October 2013)Buddh International Circuit,Greater Noida

Superbike World Championship17th November 2013

Field HockeyMen's Hockey Champions Trophy2014TBA

FIH Men's Hockey World League(201214 season)2014 Round 4 (Final round)New Delhi

Multi-sport eventLusophony Games2014Goa

Before independence[edit]The history of sports in India dates back to theVedicera. Physical culture in ancient India was fuelled by religious rights.Themantrain theAtharvaveda, says, "Duty is in my right hand and the fruits of victory in my left." In terms of an ideal, these words hold the same sentiments as the traditionalOlympic Oath: "For the Honour of my Country and the Glory of Sport."Badminton probably originated in India as a grownup's version of a very old children's game known in England asBattledore and Shuttlecock, the battledore being a paddle and the shuttlecock a small feathered cork, now usually called a "bird."Games likechess,snakes and ladders, playingcards, andpolooriginated in India, and it was from here that these games were transmitted to foreign countries, where they were further modernised.After independence[edit]After the IXAsian Gamesin New Delhi in 1982, the capital city now has modern sports facilities. Such facilities are also being developed in other parts of the country. Besides sports and games included in the international sporting agenda, there are many which have developed indigenously. Among these arewrestlingand several traditional systems ofmartial arts. TheMinistry of Youth Affairs and Sportswas initially set up as the Department of Sports in 1982 at the time of organisation of the IX Asian Games in New Delhi. Its name was changed to the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports during celebration of theInternational Youth Yearin 1985.[1]India has hosted or co-hosted several international sporting events, including the1951and the1982 Asian Games, the1987and1996 Cricket World Cup, the2003 Afro-Asian Games, the2010 Hockey World Cup, and the2010 Commonwealth Games. Major international sporting events annually held in India include theChennai Open,Mumbai Marathon,Delhi Half Marathon, and theIndian Masters. The country hosted the2011 Cricket World Cupand the firstIndian Grand Prixin 2011.Administration and funding[edit]Political responsibility for sport in India is with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, which is headed by a cabinet minister and managed by National Sport Federations.[2]Sports Authority of India, the field arm of the Ministry, supports and nurtures talent in youth, and provides them with requisite infrastructure, equipment, coaching facilities and competition exposure.[3]Dorabji Tata, with the support of Dr. A.G. Noehren, then director ofYMCA, established theIndian Olympic Association(IOA) in 1927. IOA is responsible for the Indian continents participation in theOlympic Games,Commonwealth Games,Asian Games(outdoor, indoor and beach), andSouth Asian Games. Each Olympic and non-Olympic sport has a federation at the national level.[4]The selection of the national teams is done by the respective national federations and then recommend to IOA for official sponsorship for participation in the games conducted under the auspices of theInternational Olympic Committee,Olympic Council of Asia,Commonwealth Games Federation, and SAG. A special feature of the Indian Olympic Association is that the National Federations and the State Olympic Associations are affiliated with and recognised by it. The main task of the State Olympic Associations is to promote the Olympic sport and to ensure co-ordination among the State Sports Associations. In 201011, the total budget for sports and physical education schemes is31176.9 million(US$520million).[5]Hockey, in which India has an impressive record with eight Olympic gold medals, is said to be the national sport[citation needed](unclear source). TheRajiv Gandhi Khel Ratnaand theArjuna Awardare India's highest awards for achievement in sports, while theDronacharya Awardis awarded for excellence in coaching.India has been criticised for neglecting women in sports, as depicted in the film "Chak De! India", where women's sports associations are under-sponsored and out of funds.India at the Olympics[edit]Main article:India at the OlympicsSee also:India at the Asian GamesandIndia at the Commonwealth Games

The Indian Hockey team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, later going on to defeatGermany81 in the final.Indiafirst participated at theOlympic Gamesin 1900, with an athlete (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals in athletics. The nation first sent a team to theSummer Olympic Gamesin 1920, and has participated in every Summer Olympic Games ever since. India has also competed at severalWinter Olympic Gamessince 1964. India has won a total of 20 Olympic medals. India won its first gold medal in men'sfield hockeyin the1928 Olympic Games.Abhinav Bindrabecame the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympic Games, and India's first gold medal since1980, when themen's field hockey teamwon the gold.[6][7]India is remarkable among nations for having won very few Olympic medals, despite a population exceeding one billion, around half of them under the age of 25. Numerous explanations have been offered for the dearth, including poverty,malnutrition, widespread vegetarianism, neglected infrastructure, the lack ofsponsorship, the theft of money and equipment, political corruption, institutional disorganisation, social immobility, the predominance ofcricket, and other cultural factors.[8][9][10][11]According to several informal statistics, India is the country with the lowest number of total Olympic medals per capita (out of those countries which have won at least one medal).[12][13]In the Winter Olympic Games, India has seen four consecutive representationsNagano(Japan, 1998),Salt Lake City(Utah, USA, 2002),Turin(Italy, 2006), andVancouver(British Columbia, Canada, 2010) throughShiva Keshavan, who is the current Asian Champion inluge.Medalists[edit]GamesMedalNameSportEvent

1900 ParisSilverNorman Pritchard*AthleticsMen's 200 metres

Men's 200-metre hurdles

1928 AmsterdamGoldNational teamField hockeyMen's competition

1932 Los AngelesGoldField hockey

1936 BerlinGoldField hockey

1948 LondonGoldField hockey

1952 HelsinkiGoldNational teamField hockeyMen's competition

BronzeKhashaba Dadasaheb JadhavWrestlingBantamweight

1956 MelbourneGoldNational teamField hockeyMen's competition

1960 RomeSilverField hockey

1964 TokyoGoldField hockey

1968 MexicoBronzeField hockey

1972 MunichBronzeField hockey

1980 MoscowGoldField hockey

1996 AtlantaBronzeLeander PaesTennisMen's singles

2000 SydneyBronzeKarnam MalleswariWeightliftingWomen's 69kg

2004 AthensSilverRajyavardhan Singh RathoreShootingMen's double trap

2008 BeijingGoldAbhinav BindraShootingMen's 10m air rifle

BronzeSushil KumarWrestlingMen's 66 kg freestyle

Vijender SinghBoxingMen's 75 kg

2012 LondonSilverVijay KumarShootingMen's 10m air rifle

Sushil KumarWrestlingWrestling Men's freestyle 66 kg

BronzeGagan NarangShootingMen's 25-metre rapid fire pistol

Saina NehwalBadmintonWomen's singles

Chungneijang Mery Kom HmangteBoxingBoxing Women's Flyweight (51kg)

Yogeshwar DuttWrestlingWrestling Men's freestyle 60 kg

* IOC regards this medal as credited to India, but the international committees credit it to Great Britain.Field hockey[edit]Main article:Field hockey in IndiaField hockeywas considered to be the national game of India, but this has been recently denied by theGovernment of India, clarifying on aRight to Information Act (RTI)filed that India has not declared any sport as the national game.[14]Until the mid-1970s, India dominated international field hockey, winning eight Olympic gold medals and won the men'sHockey World Cupheld in 1975. Since then, barring a gold medal in the1980 Olympics, India's performance in field hockey has been dismal, with other hockey-playing nations such asAustralia,NetherlandsandGermanyimproving their standards and catching up with India. Its decline is also due to the change in rules of the game, introduction of artificial turf, and internal politics in Indian field hockey bodies. The popularity of field hockey has also declined massively parallel to the decline of the Indian hockey team. In recent years, the standard of Indian hockey has gone from bad to worse, with theIndian hockey teamnot qualifying for the2008 Olympicsand finishing last in the2012 Olympics. Currently, the Indian team is 11th in the rankings of the Fdration Internationale de Hockey sur Gazon (FIH, English:International Hockey Federation), the international governing body of field hockey and indoor field hockey.[15]India has hosted two Hockey World Cupsone in1982inMumbai, and another in2010in Delhi, where they finished fifth and eighth respectively. India also hosted the annualHockey Champions Trophyin 1996 and 2005.Until 2008, theIndian Hockey Federation(IHF) was the apex body for hockey in the country. However, following revelations of corruption and other scandals in the IHF, the federation was dissolved and de-recognised, and a new apex body for Indian hockey calledHockey India(HI) was formed on 20 May 2009, with support from the IOA and former hockey players. HI, recognised by theInternational Hockey Federation(FIH), has the sole mandate to govern and conduct all activities for bothmen'sandwomen'sfield hockey in India. Although the IHF was reinstated in 2010,[16]it is not recognised by the FIH. The IHF conducts a franchise-based tournament calledWorld Series Hockey(WSH), with its first season conducted in2012. However, it is not approved by HI or the FIH.HI also conducts a franchise-based tournament called theHockey India League(HIL). Its first season was in2013and is inspired from the Board of Control for Cricket in India's (BCCI's) highly successful Indian Premier League. The tournament is recognised by the FIH, which has also decided to provide a 30-day window for the forthcoming seasons so that all top players can participate.Cricket[edit]Main article:Cricket in IndiaSee also:Board of Control for Cricket in India,India national cricket team,andIndia national women's cricket teamCrickethas a long history in India, having been introduced in the country during theBritish rule. It is the most popular sport by a wide margin inIndiaand is often considered to be an unofficial religion in India.[17]Cricket is played on local, national, and international levels, and enjoys consistent support from people in most parts of India. Its development has been closely tied in with the history of the country, mirroring many of the political and cultural developments around issues such ascaste,gender, religion, and nationality. The Indian national cricket team played its first official match (aTest) in 1932 against England, and the team's performance since then has generally been mixed, sometimes enjoying stupendous success and sometimes suffering outright failure. The highest profile rival of theIndian cricket teamis thePakistani cricket team, though, in recent times, it has gained other rivals, includingAustralia,South AfricaandEngland.Although cricket is the most popular sport in India, it is not the nation's official national sport. India does not have a national sport.[18]The governing body for cricket in India, theBoard of Control for Cricket in India(BCCI), was formed in December 1928 and is based in Mumbai. Today, BCCI is the richest sporting body in the world.[19]India has hosted or co-hosted a large number of multi-nation major international cricket tournaments, including the1987 Cricket World Cup(co-hosted withPakistan), the1996 Cricket World Cup(co-hosted with Pakistan andSri Lanka), the2006 ICC Champions Trophyand the2011 Cricket World Cup(co-hosted with Sri Lanka andBangladesh). TheIndia national cricket teamhas won major tournaments, including the1983 Cricket World Cupin England, the2007 ICC World Twenty20in South Africa, the 2011 Cricket World Cup (which they won by beatingSri Lankain the final at home), and the2013 ICC Champions Trophy, and has shared the2002 ICC Champions Trophywith Sri Lanka. It had also briefly held the position of the No. 1 team inTests.[20]The domestic competitions include theRanji Trophy, theDuleep Trophy, theDeodhar Trophy, theIrani Trophy, and theChallenger Series, all of which are not widely followed, despite cricket's popularity in the country. This parallels the global situation in cricket, where the international game is more widely followed than the domestic game in all major cricketing countries. In addition, the BCCI conducts theIndian Premier League, a domestic franchise-basedTwenty20competition, during MarchApril every year and is extremely popular.Football[edit]Main article:Football in IndiaSee also:All India Football Federation,India national football team,andIndia women's national football team

Sayed Rahim Nabi ofEast Bengal FCand Daniel ofChirag United SCduring I league atSalt Lake Stadium.Footballwas introduced to India during theBritish occupation. Although India has never been represented in anyFIFA World Cup, it did qualify in1950, though it did not take part, as they were not allowed to play barefoot.[21]India was an Asian powerhouse in football in 1950s and in 1960s. During this golden era, India created history as the first Asian team to reach semi-finals in an Olympic football tournament in1956 Summer Olympicsat Melbourne andNeville D'Souzabecame the first Asian and Indian to score a hat-trick (record remains unbeaten) in an Olympic match.[22][23]India also finished as runners-up in the1964 AFC Asian Cup. But later on, the standard of football started to decline due to lack of professionalism and fitness culture. India currently ranks 148th in theFIFA rankingsas of 28 November 2013.[24]Football is, nevertheless, widely popular both as aspectator sport, and as a participation sport. In some parts of the country such asKerala,West Bengal,Goaand theNortheast, its popularity rivals that of cricket. TheIndia national football teamrepresents India in allFIFAtournaments. TheYuva Bharati KriranganofKolkatais thesecond largest non-auto racing stadiumin the world.In June 1937, at the Army Headquarters,Shimla, theAll India Football Federation(AIFF) was formed at a meeting of the representatives of football associations of six regions where the game was very popular in those days. It is the governing body forfootball in India.Domestic competitions for men's football include theI-Leagueand theI-League 2nd Divisionin theIndian League System, the annual knock-out styleFederation Cup (India)and theIndian Super Cup, for women's football theIndia women's football championship. However, it is theEuropean footballtournaments, such as theEnglish Premier League,Spanish La Ligaand theUEFA Champions League, which are very popular among Indian football fans, especially inmetropolitancities.The2017 FIFA U-17 World Cupwill be the 17th tournament of theFIFA U-17 World Cup. FIFA revealed on 5 December 2013 (as part of their Executive Committee meets in Salvador, Brazil), that India will be the host.This will be the first time India will host an international football competition at world level.[25]Basketball[edit]Main article:Basketball in IndiaSee also:India national basketball teamandIndia women's national basketball team

Members of India's women's national basketball team at the2009 Asian Indoor Gamesin VietnamBasketball is a popular sport in India, played in almost every school, although very few people follow it professionally. India has bothmen'sandwomen'snational basketball teams. Both teams have hired head coaches who have worked extensively withNBAplayers and now aim to popularise the game in India.[26]TheYoung Cagers, as the national team is nicknamed, made one Olympic appearance in basketball, and appeared 20 times in theAsian Championship. India is currently ranked 58th in the world in basketball. The Indian national team had its best result at the1975 Asian Championship, when the team finished ahead of teams including thePhilippines, one of Asia's basketball strongholds. Internationally, one of the most recognised Indian basketball players has beenSozhasingarayer Robinson.[27]Affiliated into theInternational Basketball Federation (FIBA)since 1936, India has one of Asia's longest basketball traditions.[28]India's women had their best result at the recent2011 FIBA Asia Championship for Womenwhen they finished 6th. The team has several internationally known players includingGeethu Anna Jose, who was invited to tryouts for theWNBAin 2011.[29]Tennis[edit]Main article:Tennis in IndiaSee also:All India Tennis Association

Leander Paes(left),Mahesh Bhupati(right)Tennis is a sport among Indians in urban areas. Tennis has gained popularity after the exploits ofVijay Amritraj. India's fortunes inGrand Slamsingles have been unimpressive, althoughLeander PaesandMahesh Bhupathihave won many men's doubles and mixed doubles Grand Slam titles.Sania Mirzais the only notable Indian woman tennis player, having won aWTAtitle and breaking into the Top 30WTA rankings. On the men's side, youngSomdev DevvarmanandYuki Bhambriare flying India's flag on theATP Tour. Yuki was the Australian Open junior singles champion in 2009.Chess[edit]Main article:Chess in IndiaSee also:All India Chess Federation,All India Chess Federation for the Blind,andChess Players Association of India

Viswanathan AnandChesshas risen in popularity in India over the last few decades, primarily due to its star player GMViswanathan Anand. He was the formerWorld Champion, and he has revolutionised the popularity of this game in India.According toFdration Internationale des checsorWorld Chess Federation(FIDE), the World Ranking (active players) as of May 2013:1.Viswanathan Anand: 5th rank with a rating of 2,7832.Koneru Humpy: 3rd rank with a rating of 2,5973.Dronavalli Harika: 18th rank with a rating of 2,492The game may have originated from India as a successor toChaturangaorShatranj. TheAll India Chess Federationis the governing body for chess in India.Ammunition sports[edit]Main article:Shooting in IndiaMotorsports[edit]Main article:Motorsport in IndiaSee also:Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India

Force India drivers at the2008 Canadian Grand Prix.Motorsportis a popular spectator sport in India, although there are relatively few competitors compared to other sports, due to the high costs of competing. On 1 February 2005,Narain Karthikeyanbecame India's firstFormula Oneracing driver. On March 2007, he also became the first-ever Indian-born driver to compete in aNASCARSeries. He debuted in the NASCARCamping World Truck Seriesin theKroger 250.[30]Force India F1is aFormula Onemotor racingteam. The team was formed in October 2007, when a consortium led byIndianbusinessmenVijay MallyaandMichiel Molbought theSpyker F1team for 88 million.[31]After competing in 29 races without a point,Force Indiawon their first Formula One World Championship points and podium place whenGiancarlo Fisichellafinished second in the2009 Belgian Grand Prix.[32]New Delhi hosted theIndian Grand Prixin 2011 atBuddh International CircuitinGreater Noida, 50km from New Delhi.Karun Chandhokwas the test driver forTeam Lotus&Narain Karthikeyanraced forHRTduring the first half of the2011 Formula One season. Karun Chandhok participated in Friday's[when?]practice session and Karthikeyan (stepping in forDaniel Ricciardo) raced at the2011 Indian Grand Prix; it was the first time two Indian drivers associated with the sameFormula One Grand Prixdirectly.Badminton[edit]Main article:Badminton in India

V Diju & Jwala Gutta are Indian badminton players.Badminton is popular in India. Indian shuttlerSaina Nehwalis currently ranked sixth[33]in the world, and has been named the Most Promising Player of 2008 by theBadminton World Federation. This is the first-ever achievement by any Indian shuttler, afterPrakash PadukoneandPullela Gopichand, who both won theAll England Openin 1980 and 2001 respectively. At the2012 London Olympic Games, Nehwal won the bronze medal in the individual women's competition.[34]Golf[edit]Main article:Golf in IndiaSee also:Professional Golf Tour of IndiaandRoyal Calcutta Golf Club

Jeev Milkha SinghGolf is a growing sport in India. It is especially popular among the wealthier classes, but has not yet caught on with others due the expenses involved in playing. The most successful Indian golfer isJeev Milkha Singh, who has won three titles during theEuropean Tour, four during theJapan Golf Tour, and six during theAsian Tour. Although his current world ranking is 36th, his highest ranking has been 28th (in March 2009). Singh has won the Asian TourOrder of Merittwice. Other Indians who have won the Asian Tour Order of Merit areJyoti Randhawain 2002 (the first Indian to do so), andArjun Atwal, who went on in 2010 to become the first India-born player to become a member of, and later win, the US-basedPGA Tour.There are numerousgolf coursesall over India, and aProfessional Golf Tour of India. India's men's golf team won gold at the1982 Asian Games, and silver at the2006 Asian Games.Lakshman Singh[disambiguation needed]won the individual gold at the 1982 Asian Games.Pitch and Putt[edit]

Bure park Pitch and Putt Course.Pitch and putt, a newer variant of golf, but a completely independent and separate competitive sport, is spreading as a popular outdoor sport worldwide.Royal and Ancient Golf Course of St. Andrews (R&A), the highest-ruling authority of golf in the world, recognisedIPPA (International Pitch and Putt Association)in December 2010. According to a rough estimate, approximately 65%70% under-construction golf properties in India are mainly Pitch and Putt courses, helping to support the growing culture of golf in India.TheIndian pitch and putt unionis the apex body of Pitch and Puttgolf in India, and is a member of the International Pitch and Putt Association."The spirit, regulations and essence of the game are the same as in conventional golf, but as Pitch and Putt is played on reduced courses, power and distance do not play an important part, making tactics, strategy and accuracy the core principal of the game. As power is not fundamental, women and men can compete on the same footing, making this a truly universal and fair sport."At present, China and India appear to complement each other in the development of golf in Asia. China is focused on championship golf courses, whereas, in India, developers are targeting Pitch and Putt because it requires lesser land and is more cost effective, which makes it a better prospect for urban areas, because acquiring land in urban areas in India is not an easy task.Pitch and Putt is golf with difference. Often called "Chip and Putt" or "Par-3," it is shorter, faster and cheaper.Korfball[edit]Main article:Korfball in India

Jump korfball in theNetherlandsbetweenZKV ZaandamandALO.Korfball, a mixed-genderball sport, with similarities tonetballand basketball, is played by over 50 countries in the world. It is not as popular in India as other sports, but is still played by a significant amount of people. India came in third place twice (2002 & 2006)[35]in theAsia-Oceania Korfball Championships.Boxing[edit]Main article:Boxing in IndiaSee also:Indian Boxing Federation

Vijender preparing for a boxing match on a television show.Boxingis a highly profiled sport in India, though India has not yet produced a world champion in any weight class, although it is a regular medal-holder at theAsian GamesandCommonwealth Games. In November 2007, India'sMary Komwon the best boxer title and secured ahat-trickof titles. During the 2008 Beijing Olympics,Vijender Kumarwon a bronze medal in themiddleweightdivision, andAkhil KumarandJitender Kumarqualified for the quarterfinals. Akhil Kumar, Jitender Kumar, A.L. Lakra, and Dinesh Kumar each won a bronze medal at the 2008 World Championship.Vijender Kumaris current world no. 1 in the middleweight class. India's lone women boxer,M.C. Mary Kom, won the bronze medal at the2012 London Olympic Games.Archery[edit]Main article:Archery in IndiaThis section requiresexpansion.(May 2012)

The game ofarcheryhas historical significance, as royals in the ancient days used to practice archery. Modern-day archery in India began in the early 1970s, before its introduction as an Olympic event in 1972, and it was formalised in 1973 when theArchery Association of India(AAI) came into existence. Since its inception, AAI has been promoting an organisation for the sport. India has been producing some world class players who are the medal hopefuls in international events of archery.Kabaddi[edit]Main article:Kabaddi in India

Kabaddiis one of the most popular sports in India.Kabaddiis a popular national sport in India, played mainly among people in villages. It is regarded as a team-contact sport and as a recreational form ofcombattraining. Two teams occupy opposite halves of a small field and take turns sending a raider into the other half to win points by tagging and wrestling members of the opposing team. The raider then attempts to return to his own half while holding his breath and chanting "kabaddi, kabaddi, kabaddi" during the whole raid. India has taken part in fourAsian Gamesinkabaddi, and won gold in all of them. The four forms of kabaddi played in India areAmar,Sanjeevni, Huttuttoo, andGaminee. Amar is generally played inPunjab,Haryana,America, Canada, and other parts of the world, mostly byPunjabisportsmen. Sanjeevni is the most-played form ofkabaddiin India and the world. This is the form generally used in international matches and played in Asian Games. Huttuttoo, a much tougher version of kabaddi, was played by men inMaharashtra State.[dubiousdiscuss]India won the Kabaddi World Championship in 2007, beatingIran2919.[36]Wrestling[edit]Main article:Wrestling in India

Military World GamesinHyderabad, India.Considered one of the most ancient and oldest sports in the world,wrestlingin India has a glorious past. The sport of wrestling began its journey in India several centuries ago, during theMiddle Ages. Wrestling is among the most prestigious and oldest events in theOlympic Games. It was included in the Olympics in 708 BC. In ancient times, wrestling in India was mainly used as a way to stay physically fit. It was also used as amilitary exercisewithout any weapons. Wrestling in India is also known asdangal,and it is the basic form of a wrestling tournament. In India, wrestling is mostly known asMalla-Yuddha. There are mentions of wrestling in the ancient times, found in theSanskritepic ofIndian history,Mahabharata. One of the premier characters in Mahabharata,Bhima, was considered to be a great wrestler. Other great wrestlers includedJarasandha,Duryodhana, andKarna. Another Indian epic,Ramayana, also mentions wrestling in India, describingHanumanas one of the greatest wrestlers of that time. The 13th-centuryMalla Puranareferences a group ofGujaratiBrahminwrestlers known asJyesthimallas.Weightlifting and powerlifting[edit]Main article:Weightlifting in India

Training roomKarnam Malleswariwon abronze medalat the2000 Summer Olympicsin Sydney, making her the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal.[37]In 1992, she participated in the Asian championship which took place inThailand, standing second and winning three silver medals. She also won three bronze medals in the world championship.The headquarters of the IndianWeightliftingFederation is in New Delhi. The federation is affiliated with the Indian Olympic Association (Delhi), and is also a member of theAsian Weightlifting Federation(Tehran) andInternational Weightlifting Federation(IWF,Budapest). The present general secretary of the IWF is Balbir Singh.The International Weightlifting Federation banned the Indian Weightlifting Federation from participating in all international competitions for one year when three Indian women weightliftersS. Sunaina,Sanamacha Chanu, andPratima Kumariwere accused ofdopingoffences in various international competitions in a single year.Other sports[edit]Volleyball[edit]Main article:Volleyball in IndiaVolleyball is a popularrecreationsport played all over India, both in rural and urban areas. India is ranked fifth in Asia, and 27th in the world. In the youth and junior levels, India came in second in the 2003 World Youth Championships. The Indian senior men's team is ranked 46th in the world. A major problem for the sport is the lack of sponsors.[38]Floorball[edit]Main article:Floorball in IndiaFloorball, an indoor team sport, a type offloor hockey, is gaining popularity in India. The Floorball Federation of India was started in 2001 and, since then, it has expanded rapidly. There have been four national floorball championships held, withUttar Pradeshbecoming the champions. Women's floorball has also expanded, andMumbaiis the first national floorball champion of India. India is a provisional member of theInternational Floorball Federation. India has participated in many international friendlies and steps are being taken to make India an ordinary member offloorball.[39]Rugby union[edit]Main article:Rugby union in IndiaRugby unionis a minor, but fast-growing, sport in India. Some Indian sporting clubs are beginning to embrace the game, and it is the second most popular winter sport after football (soccer) in India, which itself trails in popularity after cricket and field hockey.Netball[edit]Main article:Netball in IndiaNetball, derived from early versions of basketball, is a popular sport in India, especially among Indian women. India'snational teamis ranked 25th in the world and has played only a few matches. The team has failed to qualify for any of theWorld Netball Championships. They played 18 matches in total.[40]In the2010 Commonwealth Gamesin Delhi, India, netball was included as a medal sport. However, the Indian team failed to win a medal.Handball[edit]Main article:Handball in IndiaHandballis a popular sport in India, played at the local level, but hasn't yet made an impact at the domestic level. India'shandballteam began in 27 April 1989, although it hasn't yet made an impact on the world stage, at the international level or the World Cup. TheHandball Federation of Indiamanages handball in India.[41]Throwball[edit]Main article:Throwball in IndiaThrowball, a non-contact competitive ball sport played across a net between two teams of seven players on a rectangular court, is gaining popularity in India. Indian authorities of the game were instrumental in organising an Asian level and, later, a world level association for the sport. Throwball is played ingym class,colleges, and clubs throughout Asian countries such as India, Sri Lanka,Korea, Thailand,Malaysia, Japan, China, Pakistan,Nepal,Bhutan, and Bangladesh. The sport is also slowly gaining in popularity in other countries including France, Australia,Brazil, Canada, and the United Kingdom. India's junior throwball team visited Sri Lanka in 1982. Vijay Dahiya from Haryana was captain of the team. The Indian team won the test series.Lacrosse[edit]Main article:Lacrosse in IndiaLacrosseis a relatively new sport in India, introduced in 2006. The governing body for lacrosse in India is theIndian National Lacrosse Federation. It is now being played by schools inShillongandMeghalaya, while being mostly unknown in the rest of the country.American football[edit]Introduced in 2011 by variousAmerican footballfigures, includingMike DitkaandRon Jaworski, theElite Football League of Indiawas India's first professional American football league. Their first league play was to commence in 2012, and feature teams from eight different Indian cities, including Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, andJaipur.[2][42]Polo[edit]Main article:Polo in India

PoloIndia is considered the cradle of modernpolo.Babur, the founder of theMughal Empirein the 15th century, firmly established its popularity. The period between the decline of the Mughal dynasty and the upsurgence of the British Imperial rule, polo almost vanished from mainland India. Fortunately, the game survived in a few remote mountainousenclavesof thesubcontinent, notablyGilgit,Chitral,Ladakh, andManipur.In India, the popularity of polo has waned and risen many times. However, it has never lost its regal status. In the last few decades, the emergence of privately owned teams has ensured a renaissance in Indian polo. Today, polo is not just restricted to the royalty and theIndian Army.Baseball and softball[edit]Main articles:Baseball in IndiaandSoftball in IndiaBaseball has recently begun to show up in India. Softball is played in school and at the university level. Two Indianpitcherswere selected by the "Million Dollar Arm" competition to play in the United States. A talent hunt-style competition conducted byMajor League Baseballto find baseball talent in India found the teenagersRinku SinghandDinesh Patel, who were taken to the US and received professional coaching.[43]These two players were selected to play forPittsburgh Piratesminor leagueorganisations. Rinku Singh played for theCanberra Cavalryof theAustralian Baseball Leaguefor the competition's inaugural201011 season.[44]Cycling[edit]Main article:Cycling in IndiaSee also:Cycling Federation of IndiaThe history of cycling in India dates back to 1938, and theCycling Federation of Indiagoverns the sport. Though cycling is unknown as a professional sport in India, it is popular as a common recreational sport and a way to keep fit.Mountain biking[edit]Mountain bikingis becoming a popular sport in India. For the last six years,Mtb himachal, a hardcore endurance event, has been organised regularly by Himalayan Adventure Sports & Tourism Promotion Association (HASTPA), a non-governmental organisation (NGO). A number of national and international riders participate, including Indian Army,Indian Air Force,Indo-Tibetan Border Police(ITBP), and a number of young and energetic mountain biking individual riders from cities includingPune, Bangalore, Delhi andChandigarh. Last year[when?], the government ofSikkim(Department of Tourism) introduced its own mountain biking race, withSoutheast Asia's biggest prize money. The second edition saw 48 professional participants from around the globe.Road Cycling/ Touring[edit]TheTour of Nilgirisis a major non-competitive & non-commercial touring event in South Asia that covers 1,000 kilometres in under 10 days.[45]The Tour of Nilgiris (TfN), Indias first Day Touring Cycle Ride, was born in the December of 2008 with the twin objectives of promoting bicycling as an activity and spreading awareness about the bio-diversity, flora and fauna of the Nilgiris.It soon grew into something a lot more, with an eclectic riding community in 2008 wanting to take part in. The community soon got together, chalked out plans, figured out a route and realized they would need a framework to support such a large group of people, got sponsors on board to mitigate costs as well as popularize the Tour and the Cause of popularizing Cycling as a viable and sustainable means of travel. Ever since its first edition, the TfN has stayed true to the Community of Cyclists in India by being a Tour for the Community, Of the Community and By the Community. It has grown in size, stature and visibility. From 40 riders in the first edition, its grown to 100 cyclists in 2013.The tour has grown bigger & the routes tougher, allowing cyclists to test their endurance, enjoy the biodiversity of the Nilgiris covering 3 southern states in India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu & Kerala). For the racing aficionado's, there are racing segments on the tour with colour coded jerseys, recognition and prizes. TfN as its lovingly called is pushing cycling to new frontiers with more and more interested cyclists, applying for the tour. The tour has acquired quite a name, and currently about 25% of registrations are selected for the tour by the organisers.Table tennis[edit]Main article:Table tennis in IndiaTable tennis is a popular indoor recreation sport in India, which has caught on in states including West Bengal andTamil Nadu. The Table Tennis Federation of India is the official governing body of the sport. India, which is ranked 30th in the world, has produced a single player ranked in the top 50, Sharat Kamal.[46]Equestrian sports[edit]Main article:Equestrian sport in IndiaIndia has a wide following in variousequestrian sports, includingshow jumping,eventing,dressage,endurance ridingandtent pegging. Supported by the Equestrian Federation of India, eventing is the most popular of the five, with teams representing the country at mostAsian Games, winning a bronze medal in the 2002 and 2006 games. India has been represented at the Olympics twice, by Wing Commander I.J. Lamba, and Imtiaz Anees.Kayaking[edit]Main article:Kayaking in IndiaFlat water and sea kayakingIndian flat waterkayakersare an emerging powerhouse on the Asian circuit. Outside of professional flat waterkayaking, there is very limited recreational kayaking. The potential to generate interest in flat water kayaking is held by leisureresortslocated near the sea or other water bodies. Indian tourists tend to consider kayaking a one-time activity, rather than a sport to be pursued.Whitewater kayakingEnthusiasts ofwhitewaterkayaking are concentrated in the north towards theHimalayas, with some in the south in Bangalore inKarnataka. Most of these enthusiasts are or were whitewater raft guides who took to the sport of whitewater kayaking. Some of the prominent whitewater kayakers include Abhinav Kala, Shalabh Gahlaut, and John Pollard. Many of them have notched first descents (similar to climbing ascents) on rivers in India and Nepal."Bangalore Kayakers" or "Southern River Runners" are India's first amateur group of white water kayakers. Based out of Bangalore, they explore rivers aroundWestern Ghats.[47]The lure for most of these participants is adventure. Whitewater kayaking in India allows for exploration of places where, literally, no human has been before."TEAM 4 ADVENTURE" is one of the groups which started formalwhitewater kayak courses.Gear availability is a problem that plagues kayakers. While the global designs for whitewater boats and paddles change annually, Indian kayakers have to pay high fees if they want to import any kind of gear, or they have to buy used gear in Nepal. More often than not, one will see Indian kayaking guides riding down the river in a Perception Amp, Piroutte or Dancer designs, while the kayakers from abroad ride the river in their new design, planing hull, centred volume kayaks from Riot, Pyranha, or Wave Sport.Kayaking India groups on Facebook are good resources for kayakers in India.Athletics and 20px triathlon[edit]Main article:Athletics in IndiaThis section requiresexpansion.(May 2012)

Madhurjya Borah, an Indiantriathleteholds silver medal at South Asian Triathlon ChampionshipAnu Vaidyanathan, an Indiantriathlete, is the first and only Asian to compete inUltraman.[48]Rock climbing[edit]See also:Climbing locations in IndiaRock climbinghas been around in India for a long time. Presumably, themountaineersheaded for Himalayan ascents had to train somewhere, and would have imparted some of the initial technical climbing culture. Documented evidence of rock climbing is associated withboulderingand climbing around Bangalore's famousRamanagaracrags and Turahalli boulders, around Western Ghats closer to Mumbai and Pune.Dinesh KS (Dinni) ofWildcraftEquipment was climbing in Bangalore around the 1980s as part of a continuing tradition of climbing around the area.TheDeccan Plateauand south of theVindhya Rangeare considered the prime locations for rock climbing in India. There is an established climbing tradition associated with Mumbai, Pune, and Bangalore. For example,Hampiis considered the bouldering capital of India. Climbers congregate here during New Year's Eve and climb through the weeks preceding and after.Badamiis popular for its free and sport routes (numbering over 200).While the nature of the sport is more non-competitive, the competitive version (such assport climbing) has a very intense scene. Indians have notched several international positions in sport climbing and are considered an Asian powerhouse.Some of the more popular locations for sport climbing include Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Kangla Wall of MMTA (Manipur),Shillong, Kolkata, andIndore.Billiards and snooker[edit]Main article:Billiards in IndiaIndia has been a force in worldbilliardscompetitions. Champions includingWilson Jones,Michael Ferreira,Geet Sethiand now the domination ofPankaj Advanihave underlined the powerhouse status of the country. TheSnookerFederation of India, the apex body, plays a proactive role in popularising the game. Many efforts have been made by the Billiards and Snooker Federation of India in the recent past to enhance the popularity of the game in the country. Several training camps for developing budding talent and providing them with regional and state sponsorship have been organised by the Billiards and Snooker Federation in various parts of the country.Gymnastics[edit]Main article:Gymnastics in IndiaGymnastics came of age in India when, at the2010 Commonwealth Games,Ashish Kumarwon the first-ever medal in gymnastics for India and also won a bronze medal.[49]However, soon after the win, the president of the Gymnastics Federation of India, controversially asked Kumar's chief coach from the Soviet Union, Vladimir Chertkov, "Is this all that you can deliver, a bronze?" The comment was widely reported in the press. Later, the coach revealed that, "In August 2009, we had no equipment. Ashish trained on hard floor till February 2010, and then we got equipment around 20 years old." The federation announced that no Indian team would travel toRotterdamfor the World Championships in October, which would mean that Indian gymnasts would not have the opportunity to qualify as a team for the2012 Summer Olympics.[50][51]Sepak takraw[edit]Main article:Sepak takraw in India

Sepak takraw ballSepak takraw, though not very well known in India, was a demonstration sport at the Delhi Asian Games in 1982.[52]The Sepak Takraw Federation, with its headquarters inNagpur, Maharashtra, was founded on 10 September 1982. It is recognised by theIndian Olympic Associationand Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports since 2000.[53]So far, the federation has conducted 14 senior, seven junior, and six sub-junior national championships in different cities, and is conducting Federation Cup Tournaments and zonal National Championships.The game is very popular in the northeastern state of Manipur, and some of the best players came from there. In the 22nd Kings Cup International Sepak Takraw Tournament held inBangkok, the India men's team lost in the semifinals and claimed bronze in the team event. In the doubles event, the women's team lost in the semifinals, but earned bronze medals.[54]Winter sports[edit]Main article:Winter sports in IndiaWinter sportsare common in India in the Himalayan areas.Skiingtournaments take place every winter inGulmarg,Kashmir, andManali. Winter sports are generally more common in the northern states ofJammuand Kashmir,Himachal Pradesh,Uttaranchal, Sikkim, andArunachal Pradesh. Skiing,snow rugby, snow cycling, and snow football are some of the common winter sports played in India. Skiing is more popular, although India has taken part inlugeinWinter Olympicssince 1998.Shiva Keshavanis the only Indian to have won medals in international meets in winter sports (Asian Gold 2011, Asian Silver 2009, Asian Bronze 2008, Asian Silver (doubles) 2005, Asian Bronze (singles) 2005), and to have participated in four Olympic Games. He is the Asian speed record holder at 134.4km/h, making him the fastest man in Asia on ice. Luge is practised in a big way by the mountain residents in an improvised form called "reri".Bandy[edit]Main article:Bandy in IndiaSee also:Bandy Federation of IndiaIndiahas a nationalbandyteam. TheBandy Federation of Indiagoverns bandy inIndia. Its headquarters are inMandiin Himachal Pradesh.Bandy, a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal, is generally played in northern India, where there is snow and ice.Indiais one of seven countries in Asia and out of a total of 28 to be a member ofFederation of International Bandy.BFIplanned to send a team to the2011 Asian Winter Gamesin Astana-Almaty,[55]but ultimately did not.[56]Ice hockey[edit]Main article:Ice hockey in IndiaIce hockeyis played in the colder parts of India, including Kashmir, Ladakh, and parts of Himachal Pradesh.[57]Car racing[edit]Team MRFsGaurav Gillthe first Indian rally driver to win FIAAsia-Pacific Rally Championshipin 2013.[58][59]Traditional and regional sports[edit]Gilli-danda[edit]

Young boys playing Gilli-danda, a traditional Indian sport.Gilli-dandais a sport played by using one small stick (gilli) and a large stick (danda) likecricket, with the ball replaced bygilli. It is still played in villages of Tamil Nadu,Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh,Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, andMaharashtrain India only as a recreational sport among boys.Kancha[edit]Kancha, played by usingmarbles,Marble are glass balls which are very popular among children it is popular in small Indian cities and villages among small boys only as a gully sport.It is rarely played by girls.The participant has to hit the marble kept in a circle .If he hits the target properly, he wins.The winner gets the kancha of other participant boys.[60]Kite-flying[edit]Kite-flying is pursued by many people in India, in cities as well as villages. The festival ofMakar Sankrantifeatures kite-flying competitions.It is festival which is a passion among Indians .Other popular regional sports[edit]See also:Indian martial artsOther regional sports and games, includingair sports,atya patya,Sitoliabridge,carrom,cycle polo, fencing, judo,karate,Gatka,kho-kho,mallakhamb,roller skating,rowing, shooting ball,soft tennis,squash, swimming,taekwondo,ten-pin bowling,tennikoit,tug of war,yachting, andyoga, have dedicated followers and their own national sports federations.[61]Sports Broadcasting in India[edit]Local sporting events broadcasting is in a stagnant stage in India due to the mandatory sharing of sporting events of live feed and rights made by ordnance in favour of Prasar Bharathi. Thus, all sports broadcastersplayoutfrom outside the country, which only allows the capability to produce international events and fades the production, distribution, invention of the new local field of sporting events.Sports Leagues in India[edit]Cricket Leagues[edit] Deodhar Trophy(list A cricket) Indian Premier League(IPL) (twenty20) Ranji Trophy(first-class state cricket)Major Sports Leagues[edit] Hockey India League(HIL) (hockey) Indian Badminton League(IBL) (badminton) I-League(association football)Other Sports Leagues[edit] All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament(rugby union) Elite Football League of India(American football) Golf Premier League(golf) Indian Volley League(volleyball) I-League 2nd Division(association football) National Ice Hockey Championships(ice hockey) Super Fight League(mixed martial arts) World Series Hockey(WSH) (field hockey)Youth Sports Leagues[edit] I-League U19(association football)Defunct Sports Leagues[edit] Indian Cricket League(ICL) (twenty20) National Football League(association football) Premier Hockey League(PHL) (field hockey)Proposed Sports Leagues[edit] Indian Boxing League(boxing) Indian Wrestling League(wrestling) i1 Super Seriesalso called Indian racing league (auto racing)See also[edit]India portal

Sports portal

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