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presented by : Wesam Alblawi Salha Ali Seham AlblawiSupervised byHassan Abd Elrahim Dr : Doriatheories & models of nursingObjectives Definition Of Nursing TheoryThe environment Describes how theoretical ideas fit into a specific If nursing theory does not drive the development - Definition Of Nursing Theory - Classification Of Nursing Theories - Models of nursing - Theoretical Model - Theory versus Model - The Paradigm of Nursing - Nursing Theories History - Common Concepts In Nursing Theories - Conclusion - References

OUTLINES:The definition of Nursing Theory is an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing.Definition Of Nursing Theory

Four concepts common in nursing theory that influence and determine nursing practice are The person( patient) The environment Health Nursing (goals, roles, functions)Each of these concepts is usually defined and described by a nursing theorist. Of the four concepts, the most important is that of the person. The focus of nursing is the person.

COMMON CONCEPTS IN NURSING THEORIES

Depending on the generalisability of their principles

Metatheory : the theory of theory. Identifies specific phenomena through abstract concepts.

Grand theory: provides a conceptual framework under which the key concepts and principles of the discipline can be identified.Middle range theory: is more precise and only analyses a particular situation with a limited number of variables. Practice theory: explores one particular situation found in nursing. It identifies explicit goals and details how these goals will be achieved.

CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING THEORIES

A model, as an abstraction of reality, provides a way to visualize reality to simplify thinking. A conceptual model shows how various concepts are interrelated and applies theories to predict or evaluate consequences of alternative actions. A conceptual model "gives direction to the search for relevant questions about the phenomena of central interest to a discipline and suggests solutions to practical problems" Four concepts are generally considered central to the discipline of nursing: the person who receives nursing care (the patient or client); the environment (society); nursing (goals, roles, functions); and health

MODELS OF NURSINGDescribes how theoretical ideas fit into a specific domain or perspctive, such as nursing. Incorporates the central concepts, beliefs&values, and central problems of the phenomenon.Model diagrams put into concrete designs all the ideas& their linkagesThe paradigm of the discipline guides the theory and the expression of the model.Theoretical ModelConceptsDefinitionsRelationshipsAssumptionsFoundation of knowledge

Theory versus ModelTHEORYMODELCentral conceptsValues& BeliefsLinkages between ideasCentral problemsConceptual map or diagram

Person = Recipient of careHealth = dynamic state of beingEnvironment = factors surrounding personNursing = diagnosis & treatment of health problemsThe Paradigm of Nursing

- Nightingale > 1860 - Peplau > 1952 - Adellah > 1960 - Levine > 1966 - Johnson > 1968 - Orem > 1971 - Roy > 1979 - Parse > 1981 - Benner & Wrubel > 1989 - Artinian > 1991Nursing Theories HistoryDorothea E. Orems Self care deficit theory innursing; Selfcare maintains wholeness.Three Theories:Theory of Self-CareTheory of Self-Care DeficitTheory of Nursing SystemsWholly compensatory (doing for the patient)Partly compensatory (helping the patient dofor himself or herself)Supportive- educative (Helping patient tolearn self care and emphasizing on the importance of nurses role. CONCEPTUAL MODELS AND GRAND THEORIESSister Callista: RoysAdaptation model ; Stimuli disrupt an adaptive systemThe individual is a biopsychosocial adaptivesystem within an environment.The individual and the environment providethree classes of stimuli-the focal, residual andcontextual.Through two adaptive mechanisms, regulatorand cognator, an individual demonstratesadaptive responses or ineffective responsesrequiring nursing interventions

- Theory and practice are related.-To develop nursing as a profession the concept of theory must be addressed.- If nursing theory does not drive the development of nursing, it will continue to develop in the footsteps of other disciplines such as medicine.

CONCLUSION

1.George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton and Lange. 2.Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott Williamsand wilkins. 3.Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development and Progress 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. 4.Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art and Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. 5.Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992)Fundamentals Of Nursing Concepts Process and Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book

REFERENCES