themes of the post classical era, 600 -1450 rise and fragmentation of new states classical ideas...
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Themes of the Post Classical Era, 600 -1450
• Rise and fragmentation of new states • Classical ideas spread to peripheral areas• Creation of syncretic religions and cultures• Regional and afro-eurasian economic
integration• “southerinization”
• What internal and external factors linked Tibet to the world?
The Tibetan Salt trade
• Why is salt important to Tibetans and their trade partners?
• Where else did salt link regions to spread culture?
Tea bricks
The Horse -Tea route
How did the arrival of Buddhism change Tibet?
Diffusion of Buddhism to Tibet circa 8th century
State-building in Tibet, 629 -836
•The Three Great Kings--Songtsen Gampo (629-49)
united Tibetan kingdomsadopted Sanskrit textalso married a Chinese & Indian princesses who
promoted Buddhism
Courtesy Dr. Charles Ramble
State-building in Tibet, 629-836
• The Three Great Kings
--Trisong Detsen (755-97)invited Indian scholars who linked Tibetankings & history to mythological Indic deitiesfounded 1st monasterysacked Chang-An, demanded tributeExpelled Chinese Chan scholars
--Ralpachen (815-36)signed treaty with Chinasponsored translation rules
Om mani peme hum
Tibet & contemporaneous states
State fragmentation--why?
• Anti-Buddhist reaction• Ralpachen’s brother
reinstated traditional beliefs & is assassinated by a Buddhist monk
• Tibet fragmented until 1200s -monasteries dominate life -Buddhist revival in 1300s
-different “schools”emerge dominated by specific families
• Compare & Contrast to religious tensions in other states during period
Tibetan tanka
Tibetan Buddhism: a study in syncretism
All photos courtesy of Dr. Charles Ramble
Tibet and the Mongols• 1207 Genghis Khan sends
envoys seeking tribute from Tibet.
• When Tibetans stop paying tribute, Mongols invade
• 1247 “priest-patron” relationship established with Sakya lamas (red hats)
• Kublai Khan promotes Buddhism and uses lamas to administer Tibet.
• 1358 Tibetan revolt ends Mongol rule/ precursor to China’s Red Turban revolt
• Civil war / monastic rivalries
Trans-Asian Lamaist Culturew/ Lhasa as center
China
Tibet
Persia
Mongols
Compare/Contrast Tibet to Timbuktu