theme: love & adventure 2 developments anglo-norman interest in ‘matière de bretagne’: hrb...
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Theme: Love & Adventure2 Developments
Anglo-Norman interest in ‘matière de Bretagne’: HRB – Wace – Eleanor&Henry (family tree), also Marie de France (Lais based on Breton songs, Lanval)
Courtliness & courtly love
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Courtliness and Love Historical developments (agricultural
improvements, feudal pyramid) >> courtly culture (castles (ppt), prosperity & leisure time; rules of conduct (Bumke, Elias), feelings under control
Trobadors (langue d’oc): fin’ amors for the gentleman-poet and his circle
Aquitaine >> Eleanor steeped in courtly love, moves North (langue d’oïl)
Courtly culture spreads in courts under her influence, troubadour lyrics and new genre of Arthurian romance!
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Champagne Marie, Eleanor’s daughter, holds court
in Troyes Andreas Capellanus, De Amore libri
tres (ca. 1185) >> description of amourous matters, discussions in ‘Cour d’amour’ >> handout
Love’s sweet sorrows; dilemma’s New form of conduct, role models for
men and women (cf. HRB)
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Chrétien de Troyes
Court cleric in Marie’s service, perhaps also of the English king
No biographical information, except his own prologues, giving name, patron and sources
Also: matière, san, conjointure >> poetical method
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Chrétien’s works
Cligés prologue Erec & Enide: Love and knighthood,
social functions of the married man Cligés: love triangle (anti Tristan) Yvain: Knighthood and Love Lancelot Conte du Graal ou Perceval >> next
week
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Parijs BN 122
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Lancelot Prologue (san, matière come from Marie;
Chrétien adds craftsmanship, conjointure) Story: Méléagant, Keu, don, rescue by
Gauvain and anonymous knight, cart, sword bridge, fight I, harsh queen, misunderstandings, reconciliation, rendez-vous in barred room, blood on the sheets, judicial duel (fight II), return to court, Lancelot’s captivity, tournament, deliverance and ‘happy’ end (Godefroi de Leigni)
Adultery condoned? Other world
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Lanzelet Mystification name: oral tales about
the queen’s lover Example: Ulrich von Zatzikhoven’s
Lanzelet >> strange youth, mermaids, ladies’ man (text connected to Richard Lionheart, hostages)
Introduction greatest lover leads to new texts
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Prose Lancelot
Around 1200: verse-prose debate True Story about Arthur, Lancelot and
the Grail: Vulgate Cycle, based upon *non-cyclic Lancelot and prose version Chrétien’s text
Trilogy and fivefold cycle (diagram) Text read in tr. Lacy
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Guidelines for Friday
E. Do Lancelot and Guinevere understand each other?
F. What was the motive for Lancelot’s actions? Dante: What is the role of Galehaut / Galeotto?
A. Is the discovery of the lovers a sad event?
B. Do Lancelot and Guinevere feel guilty?